Okhetho oluyinhloko luyinsika eyisisekelo yentando yeningi yabameleli. Banika abavoti amandla okuhlela isikweleti esivela kukhetho oluvamile. Kunokuba kube umthetho we-procedtural, inqubo eyinhloko inquma ukuqondisa kwemibono yamaqembu ezombangazwe futhi, ekugcineni, izinqumo ezikhona kukhetho lwezomthetho. Ukuqonda indlela umsebenzi wokhetho oluyinhloko, izinhlobo zawo ezihlukene, kanye nethonya lawo elisebenzayo ekubuseni libalulekile kunoma isiphi isakhamuzi esifisa ukusebenzisa izwi laso ngokuphumelelayo.

Isisekelo Sokukhetha Okuyinhloko E - United States

Ukhetho oluyinhloko lwavela e-United States phakathi neNkathi yokuhamba phambili yasekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 njengenguquko ehloselwe ukunqanda amandla abalawuli beqembu nemishini yezombangazwe. Ngaphambi kokuba amaprimend asakazeke, abavoti bakhethwa emikhankasweni eyimfihlo noma emihlanganweni elawulwa iqembu elincane labangaphakathi. Isigaba esiyinhloko esivunyelwe ukuba sibe yisigaba kanye nehele lamalungu eqembu (*) futhi kwezinye izizwe, bonke abavoti (htoto bakhetha isifekethi sawo. Namuhla, zonke izifunda-50 zisebenzisa uhlobo oluthile lokhetho oluyinhloko kuhulumeni, umbuso, namahhovisi endawo, nakuba imithetho eqondile ihlukene.

Isimiso esingokomthetho sezindawo ezizimele sibunjwa yimithetho yombuso nemithetho yeqembu. UMthetho-sisekelo wase-U.S. unikeza igunya elibanzi ekuqondiseni ukhetho, kuhlanganise namandla okumisa usuku, indlela, nezimfuneko ezisobala. Amaqembu ezombangazwe, njengenhlangano ezimele, abeka nemithetho yawo siqu ngokuphathelene nokuthatha inxaxheba kanye nezimfanelo zomvoti. Lokhu kuveza umsebenzi ocacile wezimiso eziyinhloko ezweni lonke. [ U.S. I-Eucision Commission[[[FLT: 1]] inikeza ukucaciswa okuwusizo kokuthi imithetho yokhetho yezwe ihluke kanjani, kodwa iyizikhundla ezinqumayo ekugcineni imininingwane eminingi.

Izinhlobo Zokhetho Oluyinhloko: Ukuwohloka Okunemininingwane

Uhlelo oluvamile lokhetho oluyinhloko lusekelwe ekutheni ubani ovunyelwe ukuvota. Isimiso ngasinye siveza izisusa ezihlukene kwabazovotayo nabavoti ngokufanayo.

Izinhlamvu Zemali Ezivalekile

Eqeleni eliyinhloko, amalungu abhalisiwe eqembu lezombangazwe kuphela angavota engxenyeni eyinhloko yaleloqembu. Ngokwesibonelo, umvoti obhaliswe njengeDemocratic angavota kuphela eDemocratic; umvoti obhaliswe eRepublic angavota kuphela ekhoneni eliyinhloko. Abagxeki baphikisa ukuthi ukuvala ama-printary amacala eqembu kulondoloza ubuqotho besinqumo sokwenza, ukuvimbela ukuvota kwamanye amaqembu “ukungena eqenjini” ukuze bathobe umphumela wempi yeqembu eliphikisanayo. Abagxeki baphikisa ukuthi i-Preventionmfranchise ekhulayo ka-cracces angafuni ukuthatha noma yiliphi iqembu. Njengo-2024, ukuvimbela ukuvota kwamanye amaqembu ayinhloko. [i-Prevention:]

Ukuvula Imisebenzi

Ngokuyinhloko, noma imuphi umvoti obhalisiwe angahlanganyela ekukhetheni noma yimuphi umvoti, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungowayiphi ingxenye noma untula. Abavoti kufanele bakhethe kuphela ivoti yeqembu elilodwa ngosuku lokhetho. Lesi simiso siklanyelwe ukuveza ingxenye enkulu yomvoti futhi akhuthaze ingxenye enkulu yeqembu elikhethayo ukuze lazise ukukhetha kweqembu ngalinye. I-Primetriary ingaholela ekuvoteleni ngokusemthethweni, lapho abasekeli beqembu elithile beqembu eliyinhloko bezama ukuzama ukungafaki umvoti obuthakathaka kunabanye. Babuye bafihle imigqa yeqembu. Amazwe angu-15 asebenzisa khona izintambo ezivulekile zokukhetha kweqembu ngalinye.

Semi-evalekile neSemi-open Primitary

Ezinye zisebenzisa izimiso eziyingxubevange. -semi evalelwe kakhulu, amalungu eqembu kanye nabovota abangahlanganyela, kodwa abavoti ababhaliswe omunye amalungu bakhishwa. Lokhu kuvumela izwi elizimele ngaphandle kokuvumela amalungu eqembu aphikisanayo ukuba angene. i-opensemi-opendiopy [[ ivumela ukuvota ukuthi iliphi iqembu eliyinhloko lokuvota, kodwa kumelwe bamemezele obala ukuthi bayazikhethela endaweni yokuvota, futhi lokhu kuzakubhalwa. Lokhu kuhloselwe ukulinganisela okungaqondana.

Iziribhi eziphezulu-mbili nangaphezulu

Futhi yaziwa ngokuthi “i-nonpartisan” noma“i-printary, lezizimiso ziye zazuza ukuhlanganiswa kwezindawo ezimbalwa. Phezulu-mbili , bonke abavela kuzo zonke izigaba bavela eqenjini elilodwa eliyinhloko. Amavoter angase avote noma yimuphi umthelela, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuliphi iqembu. Abafuni bevota kakhulu − ngisho noma bengowomkhandlu ofanayo . California, Washington, ne-Nevalka (ngesishaya-mthetho) basebenzisa lefonsomi. Abaxhasi bangase baphikise ukuthi phezulu-indawo engaphezulu-indlu-mibili ye-politiki futhi bakhuthaze ukunxusa okubanzi. Abagxekwa kakhulu. Abagxeki bethiwa bangava ngokukhubazeka futhi badide kakhulu eqeke kakhulu eqekelweni. [2] [2] [2]

Umongameli we-Primitary u-v. State/Louniver Primitary

Umongameli ophethe izakhiwo ezizimele usebenza ngokwehlukile kuhulumeni nakumaqembu ezwe. Ziphethwe yizigaba zikahulumeni, hhayi ohulumeni bezwe, futhi zivame ukuqhutshwa phakathi kuka-January noJune weminyaka yokukhetha. Amazwe akhetha phakathi kokhetho oluyinhloko noma i-caucus(a encane, umbuthano wedili. Inani lezihambeli ezingenela isikole liyaphumelela esifundeni ngasinye. Umongameli wesifunda uthambekele ekutholeni ukunakekela okukhulu kwezezindaba, kodwa umbuso nezikhulu zendawo ngokuvamile zinemiphumela eqondile ekuphileni kovoti, ukuqondisa izinqumo zesikole, izingqungquthela zesikole, nemikhandlu yedolobha.

Okwenza Ukukhetha Okuyinhloko Kube Indaba Abavolontiya

Ukhetho oluyinhloko luvame ukuba izindaba zokuzihambela eziphansi. Ezizweni eziningi, ngu-15-25% kuphela yabavoti abafanelekelayo abahlanganyela okhethweni oluyinhloko, ngisho nasemahhovisi aphezulu e-profile. Lokhu kukhetha okuphansi kusho ukuthi ingxenye encane, eshukunyiswa kakhulu ingasebenzisa ithonya elisemqoka ekukhetheni abavoti. Ngakho ukuqonda amakheni kanye nezigxobo zeprimeter kubaluleke kakhulu kunoma ubani ofuna izwi labo lizwiwe.

Ukudukiswa Kweqembu Nokuqondiswa Kwesayensi Yemvelo

Abavoti abayinhloko bathambekele ekubeni babe nomqondo omkhulu kunabavoti abavamile. Ngenxa yokuthi baba yizihlobo eziboshelwe kakhulu, abavoti abayinhloko bavame ukudonsela abavoti ekungcoleni kweqembu. Abavoti ababhekene nenselele eyinhloko bangase bahambe beya ngakwesokudla noma ngakwesobunxele ukuze bavikele umphikisi omkhulu, kodwa bagcine belinganisela phakathi nokhetho oluvamile. Lokhu okunamandla, ngezinye izikhathi okubizwa ngokuthi “ukuzingela,” kubekwe icala ngokwanda kwe-international divolation. Nokho, futhi kunikeza izivukelo zezentengiselwano zotshani nezinhlangano − ezithi iThea Party ngo-201010, noma iphiko elithuthukayo leDemocratic Party emjikeni wamuva.[a]

Ithonya Langaphandle Kwebhayisikili

Ngisho nakubavoti abangaboni abafuna ukuwina, ukuthatha isinyathelo kuqala kuthumela izimpawu kubaholi beqembu. Ukuthatha isinyathelo esiphezulu kuveza amandla aqinile, angaguqula ukuthumelelana imiyalezo nezimiso zesikhathi esizayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imiphumela eyinhloko ingaveza ukufaneleka kwengxenye yesithathu noma ukuthembeka okuzimele uma izimiso eziyinhloko zivaliwe noma zivinjelwe.

Indlela Yokuhlanganyela Ezinkonzweni Eziyinhloko

Ukuhlanganyela okhethweni oluyinhloko kudinga ukuhlelwa kusengaphambili. Izinyathelo eziqondile ziyahluka ngokwezwe, kodwa inqubo evamile ayiguquguquki.

Hlola Isimo Sakho Sokubhalisa Imali

Okokuqala, qinisekisa ukuthi ubhalisile ekuvoteni. Ezinye izifundazwe zidinga ukuba abavoti babhalise ngeqembu; ezinye azibhalise. Ungahlola isimo sakho ngehhovisi lokhetho likahulumeni wakho noma ngamawebhusayithi anjenge .Vote.org[. Uma uhulumeni wakho usebenzisa ama-primeript futhi awubhaliswanga ne-part, ngeke ukwazi ukuvota eqenjini elikhulu lalelo ngaphandle kokuba uphinde ubhalise imvume yalo ngokomthetho.

Yazi Indlela Yakho Yosuku Oluyinhloko Neyokukhuluma

Izinsuku eziyinhloko ziyahlukahluka kakhulu. Ezinye ziphethe izitembu zazo ngoMatshi, ezinye ngasekupheleni kuka-September. Hlola nehhovisi lakho lokhetho lwendawo ngosuku oluqondile. Izinqubo zokuvota zingahlanganisa ukuvota kwe-person ngosuku lokhetho, ukuvota kwakuqala ezindaweni ezimisiwe, nokuphuma kweposi noma ukubhalisa iposi. Izizwe eziningi zinikeza futhi ukubhalisa okufanayo kovoti abaqalayo, nakuba kungenjalo konke. Ukuqonda isikhathi sokucela i-colota ongekhoyo uma ungakwazi ukuvota.

Bukeza Izimpikiswano

Amavoti ayinhloko awahlanganisi nje kuphela abazongenela ihhovisi kodwa futhi nezinyathelo zobuthathi-mfantu, izikhundla zekomiti yeqembu, nokukhetha abameleli. Cwaninga izizinda zalabo abazobhapathizwa, izikhundla zezimiso, nokugunyazwa. Amaphephandaba endawo, abaqondisi bamavoti, nama-orbum ayimithombo emihle. Qaphela ukuthi kwezinye izizwe, abavoti abangenazo izikhundla zombango bangacela i-colot; kwezinye, banganikwa i-odantisban engekho eqenjini leqembu elinomba izinhlanga ezihlukene.

Izinselele Nezinguquko Ezikhethwa Ngokuyinhloko

Ukhetho oluyinhloko lunempikiswano, futhi izinselele eziningana zokwakha nokusebenza kwazo zithinta ubulungisa nokuphumelela kwabo.

I - Low Voter Turnout Ne - Demographic Bias

Njengoba kuphawuliwe, ukugwema okukhulu kuphansi futhi kukhulu kakhulu, kumhlophe, futhi kucebile kakhulu kunokhetho oluvamile. Lokhu kungaholela kubantu abangabonisi lokho okuthandwa umphakathi obanzi. Abasekeli abaningi benguquko basikisela ukuba kuthathwe izinsuku zokuqala zokuhlanganisa izinsuku zokukhetha noma ukwenza usuku oluyinhloko lube iholide lokuthuthukisa ukuhlanganyela. Abanye basikisela ukuba bathathe zonke izingeniso noma ukuvota okuzenzakalelayo okuthatha isigaba.

Ukuhlelwa Kwezindawo Ezifanele Nokuhlangana

Emaphandleni, kuvotelwa imishini ekhethekile − lapho abavoti ngamabomu bevoti kuphikisani weqembu eliphikisayo ukuze bathonye umphikisi ongonamandla kakhulu − ungenza kube lula ukunemba kwenqubo yokukhetha. Ezinye izifundazwe ziye zashukumisela ezimisweni ezivalekile ukuze zinciphise lenkinga. Nokho, ubufakazi obungokwesiko nobungathonyelwa kwenani lokuvota kuxubana.

Indima Yemali Emalini

Ngokuvamile okhetho oluyinhloko luncishisiwe ukuba abazongena kukhetho oluvamile, kodwa kusadingeka ukuba bathengiswe imali ephawulekayo. Abanikeli abacebile namakomiti ezombangazwe bangathela imali ezinhlangeni eziyinhloko, ikakhulukazi ukuze basekele abaphikisi abavumelana nokuma okuqondile kwemibono ethile. Lokhu kuye kwaholela ezimpikiswaneni zokuguqula imali ngomkhankaso. Eminye imikhankaso iye yazama ukuxhasa umphakathi imikhankaso eyinhloko ukuze kuncishiswe ithonya lemali enkulu.

Ezinye Izimiso Nekusasa Lezigebengu

Izifunda-zwe eziningi nomasipala bahlola ezinye izindlela ezisetshenziswayo kunezici ezingokwesiko. Ukuvota okuzimele (RCV) kuyasetshenziswa kakhulu okhethweni oluyinhloko, ikakhulukazi ngokuhlangene namafomati aphezulu-sine noma aphezulu. I-RCV ivumela abavoti ukuba bahlele abavoti ngokukhetha, okunganciphisa isidingo sokhetho oluhlukile nokukhuthaza umkhankaso ongcono. I-Maine ne-Alaska isebenzisa i-RC ezindaweni zabo eziphambili nasemthethweni. Enye inguquko yi-[FL:2] emfucucsbhaka enkulu[FOT], lapho bonke abavotayo bevela ebholeni elilodwa, nakuhloti ye-otive. Izimiso ezinjalo ze-uthothothothotho lwezimiso ze-buthonga. I-UProvince.[3][5]

Ukukhethwa Okuyinhloko Emhlabeni Wonke

I-United States ihlukile ekusakazekeni nasekuhlanganeni okungokomthetho kokhetho oluyinhloko. Ezinye idemocracy zisebenzisa izindlela ezihlukahlukene ukukhetha abazobhapathizwa.

EUnited Kingdom, abathathi-mfundazwe basepalamende bakhethwa amalungu eqembu lendawo emihlanganweni yokukhetha isigaba esiphezulu sombuso, engavuleki emphakathini. ECanada, imincintiswano yokuhola abaholi bamaqembu ivame ukuhlanganisa isigaba esisodwa sohlanga olulodwa, kodwa iziqu zendawo ziyahluka ngokweqembu. Izinhlangano eziningi zaseYurophu zisebenzisa izingqungquthela zeqembu noma izibheki ezingekhona ezisemthethweni zokukhetha ezihlangene nohulumeni. Nokho, ukuthambekela ezinqunyweni zokukhetha okuzimele ezihlukene kukhula emhlabeni wonke, ngokwengxenye kushukunyiswa yisibonelo esiyinhloko saseMelika.

Amazwe anjenge-Argentina, i-Uruguay, ne-Chile aye athatha izimiso eziyisisekelo ezigunyaziwe ezivulekayo kuwo wonke amaqembu. I-South Korea neTaiwan zisebenzisa futhi amasuntswana amaqembu abafuna umongameli nomthetho. Umklamo walezi zimiso .(ongavota), amavoti, nokuthi umphumela uhlanganisa yini isiko lezombangazwe nesiko elingokomthetho lezwe ngalinye.

Isiphetho: Amandla Olimi Oluyinhloko

Ukhetho oluyinhloko alusona nje isenzakalo esiyinhloko esifudumele. Banquma ukukhetha abavoti abazobhekana nakho ngoNovember futhi bahlele isiqondiso sikahulumeni iminyaka eminingi ezayo. Isakhamuzi esihlanganyela kwesokuqala sinethonya elingalinganisiwe uma siqhathaniswa nalowo olinda kuze kube nokhetho oluvamile.[1] Ikakhulukazi ezifundeni lapho iqembu elilodwa lithandwa kakhulu khona.

Ukuqonda uhlobo oluyinhloko lwezwe lakho, ukubhalisa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, nokuzifundisa ngalabo abazobhapathizwa kuyizinyathelo ezibalulekile ekwenzeni izwi lakho libe nesilinganiso. idemocracy isebenza kangcono kakhulu uma wonke umuntu ofanelekayo engahlanganyeli esigabeni sokugcina kuphela kodwa futhi nasekuqaleni kwenqubo. Okuyinhloko kulapho umkhakha ulinganiselwe khona, futhi izwi lakho lingaba isici esinqumayo ukuthi ubani omele isikhundla esesahlukweni.

Njengoba isimo sezombangazwe siqhubeka siguquka, ngezimpikiswano zokuvota okulinganiselwe, ukuvuleka kwezindawo zokuvota. Ukuvala izakhiwo, nezimali zomkhankaso, isidingo sokuhlanganyela kovoti abanolwazi sisalokhu sibalulekile njengakuqala. Ngokufaka ivoti esicini esilandelayo, awumane nje ukhetha umlandeli wesikhathi esizayo wokumelelwa kwentando yeningi.