Isisekelo Sethonya Lentando Yeningi

Intambo yokulawula i-demokrase emelela abameleli, indlela izakhamuzi ezibumba ngayo ukuqondisa kwesizwe sazo, umbuso, nomphakathi. Uma ufaka i-collat, awukhethi nje igama − uveza othanda ukulithandayo ngenqubo, izinto eziza kuqala, nezindinganiso okufanele ziqondise. Lesi senzo sokuhlanganyela siqinisekisa ukuthi uhulumeni uthola igunya lakhe ekuvumelaneni kwesizwe, njengasezinsimini zesisekelo njenge-U.S. Umthetho-Constitution. Kodwa abafaneleki abaningi abafuna ukukhokhi bahlala emaceleni enkambini, ngokuvamile ngenxa yokuthi abaqondi ngokugcwele ukuthi ivoti ngayinye iguqula kanjani izimpawu ezingeni ezihlukene. Ukuqonda lokhu kuthinta ukuvota ekusebenziseni ithuluzi elisebenzayo lokulawula i-octivesss. Kukhosha wonke amabhodi esikoleni, ukuvota, ukuvota, ukuphatha intela, ukuphatha, ukuphatha intela, ukuphatha, ukuphatha kwemicimbiso, ukuhlanganisa kwemicimbiso, ukuguqula imibandela ezindaweni eziphakathi ezisebuthweni zohulumeni, ukuveza zonke ukuthi uhulumeni kunganqoba kanjani.

Ukubaluleka Kokwaba Imali

Ukuvota kungaphezu nje komsebenzi womphakathi, kodwa kuwumthombo wegunya nokuhlolwa kwegunya lezombangazwe. Isenzo sokuvota sifeza imisebenzi eminingi ebaluleke kakhulu emphakathini onempilo:

  • [ Izakhamuzi ezivotayo zinethonya eliqondile kulowo obusayo nokuthi unjani. Ukucwaninga kubonisa ngokungaguquki ukuthi abavoti banomuzwa wokuhlobana okuqinile nemiphakathi yabo futhi basengozini kakhulu yokuhlanganyela kweminye imisebenzi yomphakathi, njengokuya emihlanganweni yasobala noma ukuzinikela ngokuzithandela.
  • Incazelo: Izinhlelo zinquma ukuthi yimaphi amavoti ayoba amaphepha okuvota. Nokho, ukumelelwa akuzenzakaleli − izikhulu ezikhethelwe ukulinganisela izithakazelo ezihlukahlukene zezinga-kanye, futhi i-vcotorotate ehlelwe kahle ihlonyiswe kangcono ukuba igcine benobuphini.
  • ukulandisa: njalo okhetho baphoqelela labo abanegunya ukuba bathethelele izinqumo zabo. Uma izikhulu zihluleka ukunikeza izithembiso, abavoti bangafaka indawo yazo. Lomjikelezo wokulandisa ubalulekile ekuvimbeleni ukonakala nokungalawuleki.
  • [[FLT: 0] I-pariciation: umvoti ophezulu uqinisa ukufaneleka kukahulumeni. Uma izakhamuzi ezifanelekayo zingaphansi kwengxenye zivota, uhulumeni owumphumela ungase ungabonisi intando yeningi, okuholela ekusebenziseni imithetho ezuzisa ingxenye encane yomphakathi.

Impi engokomlando yokulwa ne-suffgel − kusukela ekuqedweni kwezimfuneko zempahla ekhulwini le-199 kuya ku-Voting Rights Act ka-1965 kanye nokulwa okuqhubekayo kokungena kwe-bollat (Phakathi konyaka ongamashumi amahlanu ngamashumi amathandathu esimo esiqinile salelilungelo. UMartin Luther King Jr. wabiza ivoti ngokuthi "ithuluzi elinamandla kakhulu elingenabudlongophi esinalo ekubusweni kwentando yeningi"" Ezikhathini zanamuhla, umvoti we-voti ushintshile ngokuphawulekayo. Ngokwesibonelo, u-202020.S. umongameli wahlola 66% wenani labantu abavota abadlala i-gasi, izinga eliphakeme kakhulu kusukela ngo-1900, nokho izigidi azizange zihlanganyele. Ukuqonda izigxazulu ngalinye lohulumeni kungasiza ukuvala igebe.

Izikhundla Zikahulumeni

Uhulumeni ophethe idemokrasi ezindaweni eziningi wakhiwa wakhiwa ngezingqimba eziningi, ngamunye unemithwalo yemfanelo ehlukile. Ukuvota kwakho kunezici ezingafani kuye ngokuthi ukhetha umkhomishane wesifundazwe, ummisi-mthetho, noma ummeleli wesizwe. Ukuqaphela lokhu kuhlukanisa kuqondisa amandla akho lapho kungaba nethonya elikhulu khona.

Uhulumeni Wendawo

Uhulumeni wendawo uyinhla yezindawo ezifinyeleleka kakhulu nezisheshayo zokubusa. Uhlanganisa omasipala, izifunda, izifunda, nezifunda ezikhethekile (njengeziphathimandla zamanzi noma ezothutho). Lezi zindikimba zisingatha izinqumo ezithinta ukuphila kwakho kwansuku zonke ngokuqondile kunanoma iliphi elinye izinga:

  • Impatho engathintiwe: Izikhulu zendawo zinquma imithetho yendawo, imali exhasa amaphoyisa, isikole somphakathi, kanye nokulungisa ipaki. Ngokwesibonelo, ivoti yomkhandlu wedolobha ekulawuleni intela ingathinta ngokuqondile ukukhokha kwezindlu endaweni yakini.
  • Community Incenation: Ukhetho lwendawo luvame ukuba novoti abaphansi, okusho ukuthi ivoti ngalinye lithwele ubunzima obulinganayo. Ivoti eyodwa emkhandlwini wedolobha inganquma umncintiswano ngevoti ezimbalwa.
  • Izimiso zesizwe eziningi eziphumelelayo zaqala endaweni, njengezinhlelo zendawo yonke zangaphambi konyaka noma izinhlelo zomphakathi ezibanzi. Ngokuvota endaweni, usiza ekuzameni amakhambi angalingana.

Naphezu kokubaluleka kokhetho lwendawo, abavoti abaningi bayabashaya indiva. Ngokwemininingwane evela ku-Ecostations Project yase-U.S., babuyela kukhetho oluvame ukuma phakathi kwe 20% no-30%. Leligebe linikeza ithuba eliyinhloko lokuba abavoti abanolwazi bakhiphe ithonya. Ukufunda ngabavoti bakho abafuna ukuvota kanye nezinyathelo zokhetho, hlola ihhovisi lakho lesifunda noma imithombo yemali engekho kwelesizwe enjenge Vate11.

Uhulumeni WoMbuso

Ohulumeni boMbuso banamandla amakhulu ezimisweni ezithinta izigidi zezakhamuzi. Izishaya-mthetho zikahulumeni, ababusi, nezikhulu zikahulumeni (njengabameli abajenene nababhali bakahulumeni) benza izinqumo:

  • Imali ekhokhelwayo: Amazwe anquma indlela imali eyabelwe ngayo izikole, ihlele izinga lezifundo, futhi ilawule imvume yothisha. Ukungalingani kwemali yemfundo kahulumeni kungadala amagebe okuphumelela esikhathini eside.
  • Ukuthatha i-Access: Ngemithetho yokwandisa iMedicaid, ohulumeni bakahulumeni bathonya ukuthi ukunakekelwa okungakholeka kutholakala ezakhamuzini ezithola imali ephansi.
  • I-transport kunye ne-Infractrectation: iminyango yoMbuso yezokuthutha eqondisa ukwakhiwa komgwaqo omkhulu, ukuthuthwa komphakathi, nokunakekelwa kwebhuloho. Ukuvota kwezwe kungathinta ukuminyana kwezimoto nokuphepha.
  • Imithetho elawula ukugweba, imisebenzi yamaphoyisa, nezinga lokugqunywa. I-Ballot ithatha izinyathelo eziqondene nezindaba ezinjengokwenza insangu ibe ngokomthetho noma ushintsho lwamaphoyisa ngokuvamile iqala ezingeni likahulumeni.

Izishaya-mthetho zikahulumeni zidweba futhi izigodi zesifundazwe namahhovisi ezwe nakahulumeni .a inqubo engasetshenziswa nge-gerrymaning. Uma izigodi zidonswa ukuba zithande iqembu elilodwa, abavoti ngaphandle kwalo bangathola ithonya labo licwengile. Lokhu kwenza ukuba ukukhetha okusesilinganisweni sikahulumeni kokuqondisa okubalulekile. Izinhlangano ezinjenge Brennan Center yeJaji [[ Imizamo yokuguqula umkhondo futhi zinikeze ukuqonda endleleni yokuguqula amabalazwe.

Uhulumeni Ozimele

Uhulumeni usingatha izindaba zezwe nezizwe. Ukhetho lwe-Federal lukhetha uMongameli, amalungu eSishaya-mthetho (Indlu yabameleli neSigele), futhi, abahluleli bahulumeni, nangandlela-mthethweni, namajaji eNkantolo Ephakeme. Izindawo eziyinhloko ezithonywe amavoti kahulumeni zihlanganisa:

  • Umthetho wobuzwe: Izinqumo ezisezivumelwanoni, ezempi, nezezivumelwano zezohwebo zamazwe ngamazwe zenziwa ngokwezinga likahulumeni. Ivoti yakho yeSishaya-mthetho noMongameli ihlela indima yeMelika emhlabeni.
  • Ukuqina kwezomnotho: Uhulumeni kazwelonke ulawula uhlelo lwemali, uhlelo lwentela, iNyuselo yezenhlalakahle, neMedicare. Lezinhlelo zithinta ukulondeka komhlalaphansi nenhlalakahle yemali yezigidi.
  • Isivikelo samalungelo abantu:[ imithetho ye-Federal enjenge-Civil Rights Act, i-Voting Rights Act, ne-Melika ene-Act yokukhubazeka iphoqelelwa yizinhlangano zikahulumeni. Amavoti e-Congregation ezinhlanganweni zokwahlulela anquma indlela lemithetho echazwa ngayo amashumi eminyaka.
  • Ukubekwa kwe-Environry Regional: I-Evironmental Protection Agency imisa izinga lomoya namanzi, ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni, nokulahlwa kwemfucumfucu okuyingozi. Umthetho wenani lokushintsha kwesimo sezulu ungabangela imiphumela yomhlaba wonke.

Naphezu kwezigxobo eziphakeme, abavoti abaningi bazizwa behlukanisiwe kwezombangazwe zikahulumeni, bebheka i-projekthi njengekude noma eyonakele. Nokho, isimiso sokumelela sisho ukuthi ilungu ngalinye lesiKhongolo sesifunda esithile noma umbuso liyolandisa ngecala. Ukuxhumana nommeleli wakho, ukuya emahholo edolobha, nokuvota kokhetho oluyinhloko kuyizindlela zonke zokwenza izwi lakho lizwe kuleli zinga. Ukuqondisa okubanzi kokhetho lwamazwe, ukuvakashela .gov/voting.

Indlela Ukukhazimulisa Okusebenza Ngayo

Ukuvota kuye kwashintsha ngokuphawulekayo, kodwa izinyathelo eziyisisekelo aziguquguquki.

Ukubhalisa ngevoter

Ukubhalisa i Voter kuyisithiyo sokuqala. Ezizweni eziningi zase-U.S., kumelwe ubhalise ngaphambi kosuku lokhetho olumisiwe − izinsuku ezingu-15 kuya kwezingu-30 ngaphambi koSuku Lokhetho. Izimfuneko zokubhalisa ziyahluka: ezinye izimo zivumela ukubhaliswa kosuku olulodwa, kuyilapho ezinye zidinga ilayisense yokushayela noma i-ID kahulumeni. Amazwe amaningi manje anikeza ukubhalisa kolwembulo lwe-ingosi, ukuvala inqubo. Uma ususukile noma ulishintshile igama lakho, hlaziya ukubhalisa kwakho ngaphambi kokuvota. Hlola isimo sakho ngehhovisi likakhetho likahulumeni wakho noma sebenzisa amathuluzi anjenge-

Izindlela Zokusakaza

Amavoter namuhla anezindlela eziningi zokuphonsa ibhola lawo:

  • [ Ku-Perton ngoSuku Lokhetho: ukuvota okungokwesiko endaweni yokuvota ekhethiwe. Amahora ayahlukahluka, kodwa iziphetho zivame ukuvula kusukela ekuseni kakhulu kuze kube kusihlwa. Zilungiselele ukubonisa ukuthi ungubani uma isifundazwe sifuna ukuba uvote.
  • Indulo I-Person Votion: Izifunda eziningi zinikeza inkathi yokuvota kwasekuqaleni, ngokuvamile emasontweni ambalwa ngaphambi koSuku Lokhetho. Lokhu kunciphisa izixuku futhi kuvumela ukuvumelana nezimo.
  • Iposi-Phakathi noma i-Abree Ballots: Zonke izimo zivumela ukuvota kwangaphandle ngenxa yezizathu ezithile, kodwa inani elandayo livumela ukuba kungangeni meyili-excuse-posi ekuvoteni. AmaBallot kumele amukelwe ngenkathi emisiwe, ngokuvamile aphawulwe nge-Ecomption Day. Izinqubo zokuhlola mazibuke isimo se-colorlot.
  • [[UMTL:0] Ibhokisi-le-dip:[ Ibhokisi leconsi elilondekile linikeza okunye okungcono eposini. Zibuswa izikhulu zokhetho futhi ziba zisakazeke kakhulu.

Ukuvota iposi kuye kwanda kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokhetho lwama-2020 lapho izifunda eziningi zinwebekile ngenxa yobhadane. Izinkinga zokukhwabanisa ziye zancishiswa kakhulu yizifundo eziningi; iBrennan Center yathola ukuthi izinga lokukhwabanisa liphakathi kuka 0,0004% no 0.099%. Noma kunjalo, abavoti kufanele balandele iziyalezo ngokuqondile.(8) sisayities kumele zihambelane namarekhodi, futhi amabhola kumelwe amukeleke ngesikhathi.

Ukuqinisekiswa Nokubalwa

Ngemva kokuvota kwakho, inqubo enezinyathelo eziningi iqinisekisa ukunemba. Izikhulu zokhetho ziqinisekisa ukubhaliswa kovoti, zihlole izignesha kuma-posi, bese zihlela izikhombi ngemishini yokuhlanganisa i-tabule. Izifundazwe eziningi zidinga ukuphenywa noma ukulandiswa ngemijaho evalekile. Ukuqonda lenqubo kunganciphisa ukwesaba ngokukhetha futhi kuqinise ukwethemba esimisweni. Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okuningi ngokuvikelwa kokhetho, bheka imithombo evela ku .S.

Izithiyo Zokusakaza Imikhiqizo

Naphezu kokufuna ukuthumba yonke indawo, amaMelika amaningi abhekana nezithiyo ezicindezela ukuvota kwawo. Ukuqaphela lemingcele kuyisinyathelo sokuqala sokuwanqoba nokukhuthaza izinguquko.

Imithetho Yezincwadi

Kusukela ekunqumeni kweNkantolo Ephakeme ka-2008 ukusekela umthetho we-Id ka-Indiana oqinile, izifundazwe eziningi ziye zamisa izimfuneko ezifanayo. Abasekeli baphikisa ngokuthi ama-ID avimbela ukukhwabanisa; abaphikisi baveza ukuthi izigidi zabavoti abafanelekayo (ikakhulukazi abangaphansi kwemali, idlana, izakhamuzi esezincane, kanye nezakhamuzi esezikhulile . "Arefreeous i-IDs stautils. [[FLT: 0]] ACLU[[FLT]]] zibonisa ukuthi imithetho eqinile inciphisa ngokungalinganiyo i-intshisi phakathi kwevoti encane. Abanye basho ukuthi kunikezwa amavoti amavoti amahti akhululekile, kodwa ukuwathola kungadinga amabhukwana anjengezi esiqinisekiso sokuzalwa, okubiza noma okunzima ukuzuza.

Izihloko Ezitholakalayo

Izindawo zokuhlola ezingangeneki kubantu abakhubazekile, abakude kakhulu nohambo lomphakathi, noma abanemigqa emide evimbela ukuvota ngemva komsebenzi. Imingcele yolimi ivimbela futhi izikhulumi ezingamaNgilandi. IHelp America Vote Act ka-2002 idinga izindawo zokuhlola ukuze kutholakale usizo olufinyelelekayo nolimi, kodwa ukuphoqelela kuhlukile. Izimboni ezikhubazekile zingacela ukuvota noma ukusebenzisa imishini efinyelelekayo, kodwa ukuqaphela lezi zinketho kuhlala kuphansi.

Amagebe yolwazi

Abavoti abaningi abafanelekayo abavoti ngenxa nje yokuthi abanalwazi: bangase bangazi ukuthi babhalisa kuphi, ukuthi yini eyenzeka kukhetho, noma uma kwenzeka. Izilinganiso eziyinkimbinkimbi zebhola kanye nezinhlanga zokwahlulela zivame ukudida abavoti. Izinhlangano zobu - nopartistan ezifana iBallotepia[ inikeza izingxenyana nezincazelo, kodwa akubona bonke abantu abakwazi ukufinyelela noma isikhathi sokucwaninga. Izikole namaqembu omphakathi angenza indima ebalulekile ekugcwaliseni leligebedu ngokuthola amashabhu emfundo.

Ukungavumelani Okuphawulekayo

Ezizweni eziningi, abantu ababoshelwe ukuvota balahlekelwa amalungelo abo, ngokuvamile njalo noma isikhathi eside. Lokhu kuthinta ngokungenakulinganiswa imiphakathi yabamnyama nabaLatino ngenxa yokuhlukahluka komlando esimisweni sobulungisa bobugebengu. Amanye amazwe asanda kubuyisela amalungelo okuvota ngokuzenzekelayo lapho ekhululwa (umz., iMaine, iVermont, neWashington, D.C.), kuyilapho amanye efuna ukuxolelwa noma ukuqedwa kwe-parto. I-Sevenclistration ilinganisela ukuthi amaMelika angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-4,6 axoshwa ngenxa yezinkolelo ze-fal. Avoctacy amaqembu ayaqhubeka egqugquzela inguquko ezwe nakulelozwe.

Gerrymandering

Gerrymandering .Nkantolo ephethe imingcele yesigodi yokukhetha iqembu elilodwa.. Uma izigodi zidonsekela ukuvota abavoti ezifundeni ezimbalwa noma ziwahlakaze kancane phakathi kweziningi, okhetho baba abanciphisani kakhulu futhi bamele. INkantolo Ephakeme iye yanquma ukuthi i-gerrydering ayiyekeli ukuvota, ishiyela indaba enkantolo yezwe nasezinhlalweni zezishayamthetho. Activicies zikhuthaza izimende ezizimele zokuzimemezelo zokuzimela, ezikhona ngokwezisholo njengeCalifornia ne-Arizona. U Voters angasekela izinhlangano ezisebenza ngokwezentengo yokwahlukanisa, njengaye [[FLT:] Immondromon [FFF:]

Indima Yemfundo Ekuhwebelaneni

I-votorate enolwazi ibalulekile ekusebenziseni idemokrasi esebenzayo. Imfundo − kokubili i-productal nesmory(equip) izakhamuzi ezinolwazi namakhono okucabanga agxekayo adingekayo ukuze kuhlolwe abazothatha i-collet, kuqondwe izinyathelo zokuvota, futhi kuhlanganwe ngokuphumelelayo.

Ulwazi Oluhlangene

Izikole zinomthwalo wemfanelo wokufundisa isakhiwo sikahulumeni, umlando wamalungelo okuvota, kanye nokhetho. Ngeshwa, abafundi abaningi baphothula bengaqondi ukuthi umthetho uba umthetho kanjani noma lokho okwenziwa ibhodi lesikole lendawo. Izifunda ezifuna izifundo zemfundo zomphakathi, njenge Florida ne Illinois, ziye zabona umvoti wentsha ophakeme. iCurricula ehlanganisa ukuhlobisa (ukhetho lwamavoti) noma imisebenzi efundisa inkonzo ihlanganisa inkolelo yokusebenza.

Ukucabanga Okubucayi Nokufunda Ngemithombo Yezindaba

Isimiso solwazi sanamuhla sigcwele ukwaziswa okunganembile, kusukela ezindabeni zenkohliso eziphathelene nezinqubo zokuvota kuya ezindabeni ezifingqiwe. Abaqondisi kumelwe bafunde ukuqinisekisa imithombo, ukuqaphela ubandlululo, nokwehlukanisa phakathi kweqiniso nombono. Izinhlelo zezokubhala nokubhala i Media, ngokuvamile ezihlangene ezifundweni zezenhlalo noma zomtapo wezincwadi, zifundisa lamakhono. Izinhlangano ezinjenge News Literacy Project [[[FLT: 1]] zinikeza amathuluzi ehhalayo kubafundisi nasemikhayeni.

Ukuhileleka Komphakathi

Imfundo idlulela ngalé kwekilasi. Izinhlangano zomphakathi, imitapo, nezinhlangano zenkolo zingamukela iziyalo zokuvota, izimemezelo zokuvota, kanye nezindawo zokufaka amakhomputha. Ukungenela kwe-ontanga kuya kuphumelela; uma intsha ikhuthazwa ukuba ivote abangane, isengozini kakhulu ukwenza kanjalo. Izinhlelo ezingase zivotelwe kuqala ngabafundisi zingayiqeda inqubo futhi zakhe imikhuba ehlala njalo.

Isiphetho

Ukuqamba nokumelela akuwona amathuluzi awusizo okuguqula umphakathi ohlala kuwo. Ukhetho ngalunye, kusukela kwibhodi yedolobha elincane kakhulu kuya kumongameli, lunikeza ithuba lokuveza izindinganiso zakho nokufuna ukulandisa. Ngokuqonda imisebenzi ehlukile yendawo, uhulumeni, ungasebenzisa amandla akho lapho kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukunqoba imingcele evimbelayo njengemithetho ye-ID evimbelayo, ukuntuleka kwendlela yokungena, futhi igebe lolwazi lidinga isenzo esihlangene: ukusekela amalungelo okuvota, ukufuna ukuba uzenze uzenze ulandiso, nokuzifundisa wena nabanye. Impilo yedemokhrasi ixhomeke ekuthatheni indima yayo. Uma uvota, uhlonipha ukulwa kwemithetho eqinile yalabo abalwa lokho kanye nokuthatha indawo yakho endaweni eqhubekayo. Izwi lakho alizwakali nje.