Ukuqonda Ukuhlolwa Kokwaziswa Enkathini Yamanani

Nsuku zonke, abantu bahlangana nokwaziswa okuningi okuvela emawebhusayithi ezindaba, ezokuxhumana, omagazini bezemfundo, nasemabhukwini enkampani. Umqulu ukwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuhlukanisa okuthenjelwayo ekutholeni ukwaziswa okunganembile, okunokwethenjelwa, nokusebenza kokwaziswa ngaphambi kokuba bakwenze isinqumo. Lelikhono libalulekile kubafundi ababhala amaphepha okucwaninga, ochwepheshe bahlola izinqubo zezentengiselwano, nezakhamuzi zokuvota. Ngaphandle kokuhlola okuhleliwe, abantu bafaka engozini yokuhlola ukwaziswa okunephutha, ukusakaza amanga, noma ukulahlekelwa ukuqonda okungacunula okungathuthukisa imiphumela engcono.

Ukwanda kokuhlakanipha kokwenziwa kuye kwayihlanganisa inselele. Okuqulwe yi-Al kungabonakala kunamaphutha afihlekile kodwa kunamaphutha asobala. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuhlola ukwaziswa manje akudingi nje ukuhluza okungokwesiko kuphela kodwa futhi ukuqaphela indlela amathuluzi asetshenziswa ngemishini akhiqiza futhi ahlanekezele ngayo ulwazi. Ukuthuthukisa uhlelo oluqinile akuseyona into engenziwa ngokuzikhethela."Imphikiswano eyisisekelo yokuthatha isinyathelo ngolwazi emphakathini wanamuhla.

Izinqumo Eziyinhloko Zokukhipha Ukwaziswa

Ukuhlolwa Kwe - CRAAP: Ukubhekisa Amaqiniso Ngokushesha

Olunye lwezici ezamukelwa kakhulu zokuhlola ukwaziswa yi-CRAAP ukuhlolwa, okwasungulwa abaqondisi bezincwadi eCalifornia State University, Chico. CRAAP imelela i-Range, Relevance, Authority, Lixastency, kanye nenjongo. Indinganiso ngayinye inikeza uhlelo lwemibuzo engabuzwa mayelana nomthombo:

  • Ukwehla-kahle: Ukwaziswa kwanyatheliswa nini? Ingabe kuvuselelwe noma kubukeziwe? Ingabe isihloko esidinga ukwaziswa kwamanje (umz., umuthi, ubuchwepheshe) noma ingabe okuqukethwe kwakudala kusalokhu kunenani (isib., ukuhlaziywa komlando)?
  • [ I-relevisence:[ Ingabe ukwaziswa kuphendula umbuzo wakho ngokuqondile noma isidingo? Ubani ohloselwe ukuba yizilaleli, umphakathi, ochwepheshe, noma iqembu lezindawo? Ingabe izinga lokwaziswa lifanelekela injongo yakho?
  • isithunzi: Ngubani umlobi noma ummemezeli? Ziyini izimpawu zabo noma izinkolo? Ummemezeli unedumela elihle ensimini? Kuyo imithombo yangaphakathi, hlola indawo-/`.edu', `.gov`, ne`.org`ibonisa ukuthembeka okukhulu kuno-```.com` noma ``.info`.
  • Accurituration: Ingabe ukwaziswa kusekelwe ubufakazi? Ungakwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ikuphi okushiwoyo usebenzisa eminye imithombo ethembekile? Kukhona imicabango, izikhombo, noma amaxhumelano kukucwaninga kwasekuqaleni? Bheka igama lokubhala, uhlelo lolimi, kanye namaphutha okuhlela, okungaphawula izinqubo zomhleli ezibonisa ukugcinwa kobuploppy.
  • [[NT.0] Purpose: Kungani lokhu kwaziswa kukhona? Ingabe kukhona ukwazisa, ukukholisa, ukuthokozisa, noma ukuthengisa? Uyakwazi ukubona ubandlululo(izezombangazwe, ezentengiselwano, noma izinkolo? inhloso akufanele ifune ukungathathi hlangothi ngokuphelele, kodwa kufanele ibe sobala.

Ngalé Kwe - RAP: Amaphuzu Angeziwe

Nakuba ukuhlola i - CRAAP kuyisiqalo esiwusizo, abahloli abangomakad ’ ebona bacabangela nalokhu okulandelayo:

  • Ukubona nobubanzi: Ingabe umthombo uhlanganisa isihloko ngokubanzi noma kuphela esinikeza umbono omncane? Izihloko ezikhulu zingasusa ubufakazi obuphikisanayo.
  • Ukuphumelela: Ingabe ukwaziswa kungashintsha? Kusezokuguqula izihloko ezisheshayo njengobhadane lwe-COVID-19, isiqondiso sakudala singaba sesiphelelwe isikhathi. Ngokuhlukile, izimiso ezimisiwe zesayensi azivamile ukushintshwa.
  • ology:[ Kuzo ukuhlola, hlola indlela umniningo oqoqwe ngayo, ubukhulu obungalingani, nokuthi ukuhlolwa kuye kwabonwa ontanga yini. Inqubo evumelekile ingalulaza iziphetho ezinengqondo.
  • Ukuhlanganisa: Umthombo owodwa kufanele ungathenjwa kakhulu. Thola okungenani imithombo emibili ezimele eqinisekisa iqiniso elifanayo. I-Dispancies ifuna uphengululo oluqhubekayo.

Amathuluzi Awusizo Okukhipha Ulwazi

Izinhlobonhlobo zamathuluzi emishini manje zisiza ekuhloleni iqiniso, ekuqiniseni, nasekuboneni ukuthi ikhona. Ngezansi kunezigaba eziphumelela kakhulu, ngayinye inezibonelo ezithile.

Ama - Webhsayithi Nezimemo Eziyiqiniso

Izinhlangano ezihlolela iqiniso ezizinikele ziphenya ngokulandelana kwazo ukuthi kuvela kwezazi zezombangazwe, emashayeleni ezokuxhumana asemavilini, nasezihlokweni zezindaba. Izinqumo zazo zichazwa njengeziyiqiniso, amanga, izidukisa, noma ezingaphikisi. Izinkonzo ezingakholeki zihlanganisa:

  • [[IZITHOLO] :[ Enye yezindawo ezindala kakhulu zokuhlola iqiniso, ehlanganisa izinganekwane zasedolobheni, amahlebezi, kanye namaphutha olwembu lwe-inthanethi.
  • [FLT]] FACTCC.org:[[[FT:3] Iprojekthi engaphakathi ye-Anntenberg Policy Policy Center ehlola inkulumo yezombangazwe ye-U.S.
  • [[INTLA:0] FACT:[[[FT:3] Igxilisa ezilayeni ezenziwa izikhulu ezikhethiwe nezikhulu ezikhethiwe ze-U.S., kusetshenziswa isilinganiso seQiniso-O-Meter.
  • Izeqiniso ihlola[: Inikeza ukunqanda iqiniso lembulunga yonke lezinto ezifunwa amagciwane kanye nokuqukethwe kokudukisa.
  • Intengo-ingosi ye-International seconoting Network (IFCN): Iqoqo lembulunga yonke lokuhlola iqiniso lezinhlangano ezilandela uhlelo lwezimiso. FactCCCCCCC widget [[ amathikithi e-aggrees aqinisekisa amaphuzu.

Izincwadi Nemithombo Yokucwaninga

Kulwazi olunzima, omagazini abahlolwa ngontanga bahlala beyindinganiso yegolide. I-Access kulezi zincwadi zisekhona njalo emitatsheni yezincwadi yaseyunivesithi, kodwa abaningi banikeza umphakathi isilinganiso esilinganiselwe:

  • Isazi se-Google: Injini yokusesha yamahhala ehlanganisa izincwadi zezazi ezinqamule iziqondiso. Inikeza amanani nokuxhumana ezinguquloni zombhalo ogcwele.
  • [[FLT] Umtapo wezincwadi wemitapo onezinkulungwane zomagazini bemfundo, izincwadi, nemithombo eyinhloko. Izihloko eziningi zingemva komgoqo, kodwa abacwaningi abaqalayo bangafaka isicelo sokufinyelela mahhala.
  • [FLT] Iseshalo sezokuqondisa phambili sezincwadi ezisebenza ngezokwelapha, ezigcinwe yiNational Library of Medicine yase-U.S. ihlanganisa imicaphulo engaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-35.
  • I-CJY ye-Open Access Journals (DOAJ): Umbombo womphakathi ocwengisiwe onohlu olulinganayo oluphezulu, oluvulekile, omagazini ababukelwe ontanga. Usizo ekutholeni ukucwaninga okutholakala ngokukhululekile.

Ukuphathwa kokubhekisa kanye namathuluzi okuphawula

Ukuhlelwa kwemithombo akuyona nje kuphela into elula, kodwa futhi kusekela nokuhlola ngokwenza kube lula ukuthola isiqinisekiso nokuhlola imikhomo:

  • [FLT]] Zotero:[ Ithuluzi elikhululekile, elivulekile lomphetho eliqoqa, elihlelayo, futhi elicaphuna imithombo yokucwaninga. Ingakhipha ngokuzenzekelayo imethane yemethane emakhasini ewebhu futhi ikhiphe amabhulawuli ngezindlela ezingamakhulu.
  • Menudeley: ihlanganisa abaphathi bekhombo nenethiwekhi yezokuxhumana yabacwaningi. Inikeza i-PDF amazwana kanye nokugcinwa kwamafu.
  • Isiphelo seNote:[ Ithuluzi elithuthuke kakhulu (incazelo efunekayo) elithandwa ochwepheshe emikhankasweni emikhulu yesilinganiso. Isekela ukubambisana nokuhlanganiswa ne-stator.

Okwangaphandle kwesiyaluzi sokuhlolwa kwesikhathi sangempela

Ukwenezela kwamuva kuhlola ngokuqondile okuhlangenwe nakho kokuhlola, okunganciphisa imithombo engathembekile ngaphambi kokuba ufunde ngokujulile:

  • [FLT]NewsGuard: izilinganiso zezinkulungwane zamawebhusayithi ezindaba ezinesilinganiso esiluhlaza/esibomvu esisekelwe kwizimiso ezingu-9 zomnyuziyali. Ikhona njengesenezelo sesiyaluzi nezinhlelo ze-apply.
  • [FLT] I-media Bias/Fact ikekereke Inikeza izilinganiso zobandlululo (kwesobunxele, phakathi, kwesokudla, nokubika okuyiqiniso. Isilinganiso sibonisa izimpawu ezilandelana ukusesha imiphumela kanye nokuxhumana kwezezokuxhumana.
  • Dishinfo Drashboard: I-cohrome evala ulwazi lweqiniso-check on Twitter (manje u-X) kanye namanye ama-platfom.
  • B.Umtholi: Ususuphelile kodwa usasebenza kwabanye abasebenzisi, uyakwazi ukuvakashela indawo eyaziwayo ukusakaza izindaba ezidukisayo noma zokukhohlisa.

Izinyathelo Zokuhlola Okubucayi

Ukubuza Imibuzo Efanele

Amathuluzi aphumelela kuphela njengokusebenza kwengqondo.

  • Ubani okhulumayo? Yazi umqambi, inhlangano, noma into engemva kokwaziswa. Ngisho nemithombo engaziwa ingaba ngokomthetho uma ivikelekile ngenxa yezizathu ezizwakalayo] kodwa ukuntula ukubona ngalé kudinga ukucubungula okwengeziwe.
  • Kungani behlanganyela lokhu? Ithola isisusa. Ingabe ukufundisa, ukukhuthaza umkhiqizo, ukuthonya umbono womphakathi, noma ukuveza imali ngokuchofoza? Intengiselwano noma izisusa zezombangazwe azimanenzi ukuba umsuka ufaneleke, kodwa zandisa isidingo sokwenza kube yiqiniso.
  • Buyini ubufakazi? Buka imininingwane ethile, imicaphulo, noma izikhombo. UVague uthi “uhlelo lubonisa” ngaphandle kokuqamba ukutadisha amaflagi abomvu. Amaphawu afunayo noma okungenani imininingwane eyanele ukuthola ukucwaninga kwasekuqaleni.
  • Lokhu kuvumelana kanjani nalokho esengikwazi kakade? Qaphela ukungaqondi. Ulwazi oluvumelana kahle nezinkolelo zakho ezingase zihlolwe kancane, okungabizwa ngokuthi ukusekela. Hlaziya imibono ephikisanayo ukuze uhlole imicabango yakho.

Ukuhlanganisa Nokufunda Kwangemva Komshado

Abahloli beqiniso abawahluleli ngokuwahlola ngokuzihlukanisa. Kunalokho, bavula ama-tab amasha ukuze bahlole ukuthi imiphi eminye imithombo ethenjwayo esho ukuthini ngesihloko esifanayo ."Lendlela ibizwa ngokuthi i-pateral ass. Ngokwesibonelo, ngaphambi kokuthemba izibalo ezivela kwi-boblog, funa leyozibalo engosini yezindaba enedumela elihle noma embikweni kahulumeni. Uma imithombo eminingi egunyaziwe ivumelana, ukuqiniseka kuyakhula. Uma iphikisana noma ingakunaki lokho okushiwoyo, umthombo wokuqala cishe awuthembeki.

Ukuqaphela Ama - cog Diase

Ngisho nabahloli abaqeqeshiwe kakhulu babhekana nokuthambekela kwengqondo okuphazamisa ukwahlulela. Ukuqaphela lokhu kuthambekela kunganciphisa imiphumela yakho:

  • Ukuqinisekisa: Ukuthambekela ekusekeleni ukwaziswa okuqinisekisa izinkolelo ezandulelayo. Yilwe lokhu ngokufunda ngamabomu imithombo yemibono ephikisanayo.
  • Ukusebenziseka: ulinganisa kakhulu ukubaluleka kolwazi olucacile noma olusaqalayo ngokomzwelo. Hlola ukuthi indaba eshubile imelela ngempela yini noma imane nje ingaphezu.
  • I-Anchoring: incike kakhulu engxenyeni yokuqala yokwaziswa okutholakele. Butha amakhothane amaningi emininingwane ngaphambi kokwenza isiphetho.
  • [ Umphumela owenziwe nge-kuni: Ukwethemba ngokweqile emandleni akho siqu ukuhlola ukwaziswa. Ukuthobeka /ukuqaphela lokho ongakwaziyo, kuyisivikelo ekwahluleleni okusheshayo.

Ukukhipha ama-v amanani. Ulwazi olunyathelisiwe

Nakuba izinhlelo eziyinhloko zisebenza kuzo zombili, ukwaziswa okunemitapo kuveza izinselele ezihlukile: ukuhlelwa kalula kwamakhasi e webhu, ukusakazeka kokuqukethwe yi-operal-methomu, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-ephemeral ye-website. Imithombo ye-website, hlola ukuthi indawo isebenzisa i-HTTPS (i-ensipry), ukuthi ikhona yini i-criptudecs ecacile “Ngenxa yekhasi, futhi uma isihloko siqukethe umhla wencwadi. Izinguqulo ezigciniwe (i-wayback Machine) zingasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi ikhasi libukeka kanjani osukwini lwangaphambili, okushintsha incazelo yesihloko. Izincwadi ezinyatheliswe, ikakhulukazi ezisunguliwe, ezingokomlando zibuke, kodwa ezizinyathelisayo kanye nezingazenzisakazi. Njalo zihlola idumela lomme.

Ukufundisa Ukwaziswa Ngezilungiselelo Zemfundo

Ukuhlola Okushintshayo Kwe - Curicula

Othisha basemaqophelweni aphambili okuthuthukisa amakhono okuhlola agxekwayo. Lezi zinqubo ezilandelayo ziye zabonakala ziphumelela kakhulu emazingeni ontanga nasezihlokoni:

  • Inqubo yokuhlola: iveza izimpawu zokuhlola kusenesikhathi (umk., amamaki okuqala anohlu olulula) futhi ibuye iphinde ikwazise ngokuya iqina esikoleni samabanga aphakathi, esikoleni esiphakeme, nasekolishi.
  • Ukuhlolwa kwemiqondo: Hlaziya izibonelo zangempela zezwe zamankohliso, izindaba zenkohliso, noma amahemuhemu amagciwane. Yenza abafundi balandele umsuka, bahlole lokho okushiwoyo, futhi babhale ubufakazi obuthi bawulahla.
  • Ukudlala-umdlalo:[ Cela abafundi ukuba benze sengathi bayizintatheli noma abacwaningi. Banike isihloko esiphikisanayo futhi ubafunele ukuthola imithombo emithathu ethembekile enemibono engafani, bese uvikela ukukhetha kwabo kwezekilasi.
  • Imisebenzi yemfundo eyimfihlo: Yabele abafundi ukuba bakhe ingosi yewebhusayithi noma umkhankaso wezokuxhumana ngendaba yokucwaninga, kubaphoqelela ukuba bahlole ukwaziswa abakusebenzisayo futhi baveze imithombo ngokufanelekile.

Ukusebenzisa Ubuchwepheshe Ekilasini

Esikhundleni sokuvimbela ama - cell phone noma ama - website athile, othisha bangafundisa abafundi ukuba bawasebenzise ngokuhlukumeza:

  • Izibalo ezihlolwayo zekilasi: Faka amashandalaze noma i-Media Bias/Fact Hlola kuma-computer ekilasi. Bonisa abafundi indlela yokuchaza izilinganiso phakathi nokucwaninga.
  • [ Ukuhlola okungaguquguqukiyo okuphathelene ne-media:[[FT:1] Sebenzisa amathuluzi omgangathi aqonde ngqo njengo-Twitter's sesholor noma kaFacebook's “Kungani ngibona lokhu?” isici sokuhlola ukuhlelwa kwe-algorithism.
  • [[NTL:0] Imidlalo yezindaba:[ Imfaniso ehlangeneyo njengethi “Izindaba Ezimbi” (Ikhuliswe yiCambridge Social Communication-Ingation-Lab) yenza abafundi bathole ulwazi olungeyilo, olubasiza ukuba baqaphele amasu abo.
  • [[I-FLT:0] Imishini yokuhlola: Amathuluzi anjenge-Easybib noma i-KnightCite angasiza ukuhlela ufihlo lwabafundi, kodwa futhi kufanele aprakthize ukuqinisekisa imininingwane yomthombo ngesandla.

Izingozi Ezivamile Ekuhlolweni Kokwaziswa

Ngisho nochwepheshe abanolwazi ngezinye izikhathi bawela ezihideni. Ukuqaphela lezihibe kuqinisa inqubo yakho yokuhlola:

  • Ukuthembela ngokweqile eGunyeni Elilodwa: ngenxa nje yokuthi umthombo une-PD noma usebenzela isikhungo esidumile akubenzi bangaphutha. Ngisho nochwepheshe bangaphambuka. Isiphambano sibheka lokho abakushoyo nabanye abasensimini.
  • Ukuchaza i-Correnation njenge-Causation: Ucwaningo lubika izingxabano ezithi izintatheli zivele zivele zibe yizihlobo zobuhlobo. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuhlola kungathola ukuthi abantu abaphuza ikhofi baphila isikhathi eside, kodwa kungaba ngoba abaphuza ikhofi bathanda ukuphila kangcono.
  • Ukungavumelani noMthombo weNgxoxo: Ukucwaninga okuxhaswe inhlangano kungase kuveze imiphumela engcono kuleyo nkampani. Bheka ukudalulwa kwengxabano futhi ucabangele ukuthi umthombo wezimali ungathonya yini okutholakele.
  • Ukuhlanganisa ukuthandwa nokuvuleka: Isihloko esihlanganyelwe kabanzi kwezezindaba zomphakathi asilona iqiniso ngempela. Okuqukethwe yisihebhe ngokuvamile kukhanga umzwelo kunobufakazi. Udumo luyisilinganiso sokufinyelela, hhayi ukwethembeka.
  • Ukufuna izikhomba-phambili ze-clubbait: izihloko eziphambili zekhono ziklanyelwe ukuchofoza, hhayi ukutshela. Funda isihloko sesihloko esidlulela emzimbeni wesihloko sesihloko, uma sinikeza isithembiso, uqhubeke uhlola; uma kungenjalo, ungayiphebezi.

Isiphetho: Ukwakha Umkhuba Wokuhlola Okubucayi

Ukuhlolwa kolwazi akulona ikhono elithatha isikhathi esisodwa kodwa umkhuba wokuphila konke okumelwe uvumelane nokwakheka kwezezindaba nobuchwepheshe. Amathuluzi namasu achazwe kulesi sihloko anikeza isisekelo esiqinile, kodwa asebenza kuphela uma kusetshenziswa njalo. Kwenze umkhuba ukuma ngaphambi kokuxoxa nganoma yikuphi ukwaziswa, ikakhulukazi uma kuvusa ukusabela okunamandla okungokomzwelo. Sebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwe-CRAP, sebenzisa imithombo ye-CRAP, ufunde kamuva, futhi uhlale uqaphela ubandlululo lwakho siqu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, le mikhuba iba indalo yesibili, kukwenze ukwazi ukubheka indawo yolwazi ngokuqiniseka futhi wenze izinqumo ezisekelwe ebufakazini obuthembekile. Ezweni lapho ukucushela khona inkulumo esheshayo, uyakwazi ukuqonda okungcono kakhulu kungenza ukuphila kwakho.