Ukuswelakala kwamanzi kuye kwaba enye yezinselele zendawo ezungezile ezicindezela kakhulu zekhulu lama-20 000 000, ezithinta abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili abahlala emazweni acindezeleke kakhulu. Nakuba izingxoxo zomphakathi zigxile ekuniseleni ngenkasa noma ekusebenziseni amanzi kamasipala, amanzi afihlekile emikhiqizweni yansuku zonke yansuku zonke, kusukela ku-cell phone kuya ku-mebhulans(-) umshayeli omkhulu futhi ngokuvamile onganakwamukelwayo wokuphuza amanzi embulungeni yonke. Ukukhuluma ngale “isiteshi samanzi” kudinga uhlelo oluhlangene oluphoqelela izimboni ukuba zilinganise, zinciphise, futhi ngokucace kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi. Lesi sihloko sihlola ukubaluleka komdlana kwezinyawo eziphumayo emitholweni yabathengi futhi sihlola izindlela zokuhlola izindlela zokusebenzisa amanzi ezingaholela ekunciphekeni okunenzuzo.

Ukuqonda Umkhiqizo Wamanzi Ovela Kubathengi

Umqondo wokukhipha amanzi usungulwe abacwaningi eYunivesithi yase-Tne ukuze banikeze isilinganiso esibanzi sokusetshenziswa kwamanzi ahlanzekile. Kungenxa yengqikithi yamanzi acwengiwe nangcoliswe kulo lonke umkhiqizo (kusukela ekukhishweni kwezinto ezingokwasemzimbeni ukuze kwenziwe, ekuthuthweni, ekusetshenzisweni, nasekulahlweni. Ngokungafani nohlobo olulula lwamanzi, unyawo lwamanzi olugcinwa enhlabathini futhi olusetshenziswa yizitshalo, [FLT: 0] amanzi aclue[FLT] [ult] [umthamo wezinto eziwufinyele], amanzi acwe aphukayo, [[FLT]]] amanzi aluhlaza okwenhlayo okudingeka ukuze ahlangane. [[FLT]] [FM]] [oct: [fd]]

Umshini Wamanzi Onqamula Izibhayisekili Eziphilayo

Wonke umuntu othenga kahle ulandisa indaba ethile emanzini.

  • Cotton T-shirt: I-t-shirt eyodwa idinga amalitha amanzi angaba ngu-2,700 (i-litars) yamanzi − alingana nalokho umuntu akuphuzayo eminyakeni engu-5,5. Amaningi ala manzi aluhlaza okotshani asetshenziselwa ukutshala izitshalo zikakotini, kodwa amanzi aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka asetshenziswa futhi ekuniseleni ngenkasa nangendlela empunga ukuze adayise futhi aqede.
  • Smartphone: Ukukhiqizwa kocingo oluvamile olusebenzisa amanzi angaba ngu-12,760 amalitha amanzi. Nakuba okuningi kwalokhu kusetshenziswa ezimayini nasekucoliseni (umz., lithium, cobalt, i-goldet), inqubo ye-chip i-ap inficived, idinga amanzi acwengile kakhulu ekuhlanzeni ama-rafer.
  • I-Beef burger: Inyama yenkomo eyodwa (i-patty (50g) inesigqebhezana samanzi esicishe sibe ngu-2 350, esiqhutshwa kakhulu amanzi adingekayo ukuze kufuywe izinkomo.

Lezi zibonelo zibonisa ukuthi unyawo lwamanzi alukona nje ukusetshenziswa ngokuqondile ezimbonini; lufakwe kakhulu emaketangani ezolimo afaka izinto ezikhiqizwayo ekwenzeni.

Umshini Wembulunga Yonke Wezembuyiselo Zezimboni

Impahla etholakala ezingxenyeni eziningi, ngayinye enamanzi ahlukene. Ingxenye yezolimo iwuthengwa okukhulu kakhulu kwamanzi ahlanzekile embulungeni yonke, okubangela ukuba amaphesenti angaba ngu-70 alonke amakhambi. Ngaphakathi kwalokho, izilimo zitshalwa ngendwangu, ibhayo, nokudla okugawulweyo kunikela kakhulu. Imboni yemfashini iyodwa ibangela amanzi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-79 ze-kyubic mitha ngonyaka, inani elilindeleke ukuba likhule ngokushesha njengemfashini. Imboni yamagesi, nakuba iwumthamo wayo uncike kakhulu, ixhomeke ezindaweni ezinamanzi aphakeme kakhulu, cishe iTaiwan ne-South Korea, lapho amakhoraliti asebenza khona ngewashini.

Ukudla neswishi kungokunye okusindayo. Ngaphandle kwamanzi afakwe ezithakweni ezingaphekiwe, ukulungisa nokupakisha anezela izimpawu eziphawulekayo ze-blue nempunga. Ngokwesibonelo, ukukhiqiza ikhilogremu elilodwa likashokoledi kudinga amalitha amanzi angu-24 000, kuyilapho ilita lamanzi afakwe ebhodleleni lisebenzisa amalitha afinyelela kwamahlanu amanzi ekukhiqizweni kwawo (kuhlanganise i-pakethe kanye nokuthuthwa). Lamanani agcizelela ukuthi abathengi ngokuvamile abangazi ukuthi bawathwele wonke amanzi ngemva kokuthenga kwabo kwansuku zonke.

Izinqubo Zokunciphisa Izinyawo Zamanzi

Izimiso ezisebenzayo kumelwe zihlanganiswe ngokuningi, zihlanganise imithetho, izisusa zezomnotho, izimfuneko zokubona ngapha nangapha, nokusekela ukusungulwa. Ngezansi kunezinsika eziyinhloko.

Izindinganiso Zokuqondisa Zokuphumelela Kwamanzi

Ohulumeni bangamisa isilinganiso esilinganiselwe sokusebenza kahle kwamanzi ngenxa yezinqubo zokwakha, esifana nezindinganiso zempumelelo yamandla emishini. Ngokwesibonelo, i-European Union’s [FTL:0] I-Industrial Directives [ ihlanganisa imingcele ebophekayo ekusetshenzisweni kwamanzi kanye nokukhishwa kwezindawo zezimboni. Ukubekwa kwemithetho enjalo ekudayiseni indwangu, ukulungisa ukudla, kanye nokukhiqiza imishini kunganciphisa kakhulu ubungako bamanzi obuluhlaza nobehlayo. Ukwehlisa ipetrosi elinganayo ye-literium ngayinye yomkhiqizo .Njengafaka izinhlangano ezimpompompo ezifaka amandla ekulungiseni imishini yokulungisa amanzi, ezobuchwepheshe ezomileyo, kanye nezimiso zokusebenza ezivalwayo.

Izisusa Zezomnotho Nezici Eziphazamisayo

Amathuluzi ezomnotho angaqondisa ukuziphatha kwenkampani ngaphandle kwemithetho eqondile. Amabhizinisi alawula inguquko enkampanini kanye nezikweleti zentela zezinkampani ezisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obusebenza ngamanzi (umzk., izinqubo zokuhlanza indwangu, ukubuyisela amanzi ngemishini encishisiwe ewumshini wokuphehla amandla adingekayo) anganciphisa unkimbinkimbinkimbi wezimali. Ngokuphambene, amanzi ashintsha inguquko − ukubiza abasebenzisi bezimboni izindleko ezigcwele zokukhipha amanzi nokwelapha (umklenze), akha isisusa esinamandla sezimali ukuze kuncishiswe. Inani lezindawo ezilawula igesi, kuhlanganise ne-Australia kanye nezingxenye ze-Indiya, ziye zamisa amanzi ancipheka lapho abasebenzisi bakhokhela khona amazinga aphakeme, athuthukisa ukugcinwa kwamanzi.

Ukuveza Izimpawu Ngokucace Nenzuzo

Abathengi abakwaziyo ukuqhuba amashifu amatheki. I-policies edinga izimpawu zamanzi acwengile emikhiqizoni − njengephawu lokulinganisela amanzi elifana netshe lemishini esebenzayo .Abathengi abakwazi ukukhetha ezinye izindlela eziphansi ezisebenzayo. I-Water Traftprint Network[ isungule izindinganiso zokubala nokuxhumana ngezinyawo zamanzi aphansi. Nakuba ezindaweni eziningi izimpawu ezibolile, izimpawu eziyimfuneko zingafakwa ezingxenyeni zemiklayeni enjengezinsi, ukudla okuphakiwe, nemikhiqizo yomuntu siqu. Ngokwesibonelo, iJapane [FLT:] i-E.[FLT] uhlelo lwe-octivess [FFFOLD]

Ukucwaninga Nokulungisa Izimali

Ukucwaninga okusungulwe nguhulumeni kungasheshisa ukusungulwa kwezinto ezidinga amanzi amancane. Izibonelo zihlanganisa ukusungulwa kobuchwepheshe bokudaya ngaphandle kwamanzi (umz., ukusebenzisa i-CO2 njengencilisi endaweni yamanzi), imicu edayisayo enciphisa amanzi ampunga, nezitshalo ezidayiswayo zezitshalo ezihlukene ukuze zikwazi ukufuya nokufuya. Izinhlangano zomphakathi, njenge-alliance for Water Mastership, ingasiza ekunciphiseni ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi kanye nokungcola. Umthetho kufanele usekele izinhlobo zezitshalo zokuphatha amanzi, ezisiza izinhlangano ukuba zibone izingozi nokuncithaka amanzi emakelweni azo.

Ukubambisana Kwamazwe Ngamazwe Nokulwela Ukuthola Ingcebo

Kuqashelwe ukuthi imikhiqizo yabathengi ngokuvamile yenziwa ezindaweni ezikude nalapho ithengiselwa khona, izimiso zesizwe ezingangeni ndawo zinganganele. Izivumelwano zezizwe ngezizwe zenzakalelayo `njenge-UN Assembly .Acan asungula izinga elivamile lokuthola izinyawo zamanzi eziphumayo nokweqa umlomo. Izivumelwano zezohwebo zingahlanganisa iziphakamiso zamanzi eziqinile, ezihlanganisa ukukhetha ukuvumelana nempumelelo yamanzi ebhandeni. [FLT] E] CD yesiqondiso samanzi [[FLT] ephethe amaketanga] anikeza izintambo zezinhlangano zomhlaba ukuze zikwazi ukulawula imiphumela yamanzi emingceleni, futhi zivumela le mizamo ngenkambizansi edlala insimu.

Ukuhlola Izifo Emthethweni Wokunyathelisa Ngezinyawo Zamanzi

Izibonelo zezwe langempela zibonisa ukuthi isimiso singanciphisa imingcele engenakulinganiswa ezintanjeni zamanzi.

Isimiso Samanzi Esinenzuzo ECalifornia

Kubhekene nesomiso esingamahlalakhona, iCalifornia yasebenzisa iqoqo lemithetho elibanzi ngaphansi kwe- Indication, intengiselwano, ne Institutional Econfizence Evencement Standards. Lezindinganiso zidinga izakhiwo zokuhlola amanzi, ukufaka amapulani angaphansi, futhi isebenzise izindlela zokuphatha ezingcono kakhulu. Uhlelo luholele ekuncishisweni kwe 15% ekusebenziseni amanzi ezimbonini kusukela ngo 2015, kanye nemali egciniwe egciniwe ekwakheni ukudla nasembonini yamaelectronic. Indlela yokuhlola iCalifornia ihlanganisa izimpawu ezigunya elifaka ngosizo lwezobuchwepheshe.

Ukunyathelisa Isakhelo Samanzi EU

I-WFD ye-European’s Water Framed Directive (WFD) imisa imigomo efuna ukunethezeka yokuthola amanzi nokusetshenziswa okungaguquguquki kwezindawo ezingamalungu. Nakuba ingabhekiswa ngokuqondile embonini yomkhiqizo, i-WFD iye yaqhubela amazwe afuna ukuhlola izakhiwo zamanzi ezisemzileni wezwe. Amanye amazwe, njengaseNetherlands nase Jalimane, aye andisa lezi zimfuneko ezimbonini zendwangu nezobuchwepheshe, idinga ukuhlaziywa kwamanzi ebhayisekile ukuze ikwazi ukuvikela indawo ezungezile. Umphumela uye wakhuphuzwa amazi endwangwini zendwangu nama-athonsi ancishini emfutho yamanzi enziwe ngezitshalo zamakhemikhali eJalimane. Ukuze uthole imininingwane eyengeziwe, bheka [[FLT: 0] i-Fraccoms tracking tracking trans pap ekhasini[FFFlution].

Isinyathelo Sokuzithandela Samanzi AseJapane

IJapane, izwe eliqaphela kakhulu ukuthi amanzi ancishisiwe, liye lasungula izitebhisi zamanzi zokuzithandela ezibhalwe ngakuyo uhlelo lwayo olunophawu lwe-Eco '. Imikhiqizo ehlangabezana nezimiso zokulondolozwa kwamanzi . Imikhiqizo ehambisana nokukhiqizwa kwe-efficiencies kanye nokuncishiswa kwemithwalo enciphileyo, zenza kube nophawu lwe-Eco Mark. Nakuba ukutholwa komntwana kusesilinganisweni, ezinye izimboni ezinkulu zemishini neziphuzo eziphuzayo kuye kwahlanganyela, kwakha imboni yemikhiqizo yamanzi esendaweni engaziwa. Uhlelo luyi-ashicilo gesi yemithetho ewusizo, ibonisa kokubili imithwalo yemithetho efanelekile nemingcele yezimiso zokuzithandela. Funda kakhulu esendaweni yezezezeze-E[FLD [F2] [F2] [F:]

Izinselele Zokusetshenziswa Kwama - dollar

Naphezu kwesizathu esicacile sesimiso sokukhipha amanzi, izithiyo zisekhona. Ukumelana kwezezimboni mhlawumbe kuyinto enzima kakhulu: izinkampani eziningi zesaba ukuthi izindleko zokubambisana zizonciphisa ukuncishiswa, ikakhulukazi emaketangeni embulunga yonke lapho amaqoqo amancane khona. Ukwethembeka kolwazi lungenye isithiyo esikhulu. Ukuhlelwa komgoqo wamanzi kudinga ukwaziswa okuningi nganoma isiphi isigaba somkhiqizo, ngokuvamile emazweni amaningi anokugcinwa okungaguquguquki. Imisebenzi emincane neyamaphakathi ingantula imithombo yokuhlola ngokuphelele, ibangele ukudlala okungafaneleki.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanzi awumcebo wendawo---"a inkambiso esebenza endaweni ecebile yamanzi ingaba engafanelekile esomisoni. Abenzi bomthetho kumele bavumelanise izisusa nezindinganiso zezimo zasemanzini zendawo, ezenza kube nzima ukuchaza imikhiqizo evamile. Kukhona futhi ingozi yenqubo “igebe”: uma imithetho iqine kakhulu ezindaweni eziphethe, abakhi bangayifudukela ezindaweni ezinemithetho ephansi kakhulu, ilinganisela izimali zamanzi embulungeni yonke. Izivumelwano nemithetho yezohwebo ezisebenza emingceleni ibalulekile ekuvimbeleni lokhu.

Izindleko Zezomnotho Nezokuhweba

Izentengo zobuchwepheshe bokuthutha amanzi ngokuvamile zithwala izindleko zezimali ezikhokhwa emaphandleni ezingathiya amafemu amancane. Nakuba izimali zingaziqeda lezizindleko, zidinga izimali zikahulumeni ezingase zibe nzima ngokwezombangazwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuncishiswa kwamanzi okunzima kungase kungqubuzane neminye imigomo yendawo ezungezile cishe, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi ngezinqubo ezomile kungandisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla nogesi. Izimiso ezisesilinganisweni zidingeka ukuze kuvinjelwe imiphumela engalindelekile, ukukala ukuhweba phakathi kwamanzi, amandla, nezinyawo.

Izindlela Ezilandelayo: Ukulandelela Imithombo Yezomnotho Nezinombolo

Imingcele elandelayo yesimiso sokugada amanzi ezindaweni zokushintshwa kwezindawo zemisebenzi yezentengiselwano isekelwe ekulandeleni izimiso zezentengiselwano ezijikelezayo. Kunokuba kuncishiswe nje ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi engxenyeni ngayinye yomkhiqizo, indlela eyindilinga yokususa udoti futhi igcine amanzi esetshenziswa kakhulu. I-Picience isebenzisa i-centicio escreation nakusetshenziswa futhi phakathi kwezindawo zokupaka ezimboni, njengoba ibonwa i-Kalundbbiosis [ Symbiosis [[FLD]] eDenmark, inganciphisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi ngenethi. Ngokufanayo, izinhlelo zomkhiqini (EPR) izinhlelo ezifuna abakhiqizi bezinto ezithatha amanzi emuva futhi ziphinde zisetshenziswe kabusha zinganciphisa unyawo lwamanzi olukhishwayo olukhishwayo.

Ubuchwepheshe bezemishini bunikeza amathuluzi amasha okuqinisekisa ukugcinwa kwezimiso kanye nokuthengwa. Ukuqoqa iketanga elisekelwe ekulandeleni i-rocket kunganikeza amarekhodi angenayo emininingwane yamanzi evimbelayo, okwenza ukuba ibonakale i-Aschemeter meter nemishini ye-IoT inikeze ukwaziswa okusetshenziswayo kwangempela ekusebenziseni izintambo zokwehlisa ijubane nakumphakathi, ukwenza ukuba ikwazi ukuhlanganisa nokulungisa nokulungisa imishini. World Resources Institute’s Aqueduct Water At Impactal Atlas[ kakade inikeza i-autotion message ater trans mediation trans, futhi ifaka amathuluzi anjalo embonini echazayo.

Isiphetho

Isilinganiso samanzi emikhiqizo yabathengi siyisici esifihlekile kodwa esikhulu semithombo yamanzi ahlanzekile embulungeni yonke. Kusukela emasimini kakotini asinika amandla emishini elawula amanani ethu, amanzi ageleza kuzo zonke izinto esizithengayo. Izimiso zenza izinga elisukela ezilinganisweni zempumelelo kanye nezisusa zezomnotho zokubonisa ukubonakala kwentengo nokubambisana kwezizwe ngezizwe ngezizwe nokusebenza okunamandla kokunciphisa le ngxenye entweni ewuniwe. Nakuba izinselele zemininingwane yokwaziswa, izindleko zemali, nezombangazwe ziyoqhubeka, impumelelo yabatholi bezinto abaqalayo njenge California, i-EU, neJapan ibonakalisa ukuthi intuthuko yamanzi ingenzeka ngokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, ukuphakama kokusebenza okunamandla. Ngokuhlola konyawo lwamanzi kungenza ukuhlolwa okuqinile kube yinqubo, singadayisa izimboni zesikhathi esizayo esingasanelisangasanelisanga semikhiqizo kodwa namanzi ngokwayo.

Ukufundwa okuqhubekayo ezindleleni zokuhlola zamanzi, kubhekisa ku- Water Traffrom print Network. Ukunyukela kakhulu ekuqondiseni amanzi enkampanini, i-CEO Water Mandate[ inikeza imithombo nezifundo zezembulaniso. World Resources Institute’s Aqueduct platifomu ye- inikeza ukwaziswa kwamanzi embulungeni yonke okuwusizo kubenzi bezimiso nezamabhizinisi ngokufanayo.