Ukulingana kwamandla kufana nenye yezinsika ezihlala njalo zokubusa kwentando yeningi. Yilungiselelo lomthetho-sisekelo elisebenzayo elisakaza igunya emagatsheni amaningi noma emazingeni kahulumeni, liqinisekisa ukuthi akukho muntu oyedwa, i-costance, noma inhlangano enganqwabelana ngokungalawuliwe. Ngaphandle kwalokhu kulinganisela, ngisho nohulumeni abazimisele kakhulu bangangena ngobushiqela, lapho inkululeko yomuntu ngamunye incishiswa khona ngaphansi komthetho oqinile. Ukuqonda ukuthi lokhu kulinganisela kusebenza kanjani nemvelaphi, imishini yangempela, izinhlelo zezwe, kanye nemisebenzi yamanje ekhona, ibalulekile kunoma ubani ofuna ukuqonda hhayi isayensi yezombangazwe kuphela kodwa futhi nesivikelo sansuku zonke esigcina idebe idemocrali eqinile.

Ukuqonda Ukulinganisela Kwamandla

Phakathi nendawo, ukulinganisela kwamandla yisimiso segunya elisahlukanisiwe eliklanyelwe ukuvimbela ukuhlanganiswa kwamandla ezombangazwe. Eziningi zemibuso ebusa ngentando yeningi yanamuhla, lokhu kusho ukuhlukanisa uhulumeni ube amagatsha amathathu alinganayo: umphathi, ophatha umthetho; isishaya-mthetho, owenza umthetho; nejaji, elichaza umthetho. Igatsha ngalinye linikezwa amandla ahlukile omthetho-sisekelo, futhi ngalinye linikezwa amathuluzi okuvimbela amanye. Lesi sakhiwo sivame ukuchazwa njengesimiso sokuhlola nokulinganisela, lapho isifiso sokuvelela sinikezwa khona ukulwa nesifiso sokuvelela.

Inkulumo ethi “ukulingana kwamandla” ingasebenza futhi ezimisweni zikahulumeni, lapho igunya labelana khona phakathi kohulumeni abasenkabeni nabezifunda, noma ebuhlotsheni bezizwe zonke, lapho imibuso ivumelana khona ukuvimbela noma yisiphi isizwe ukuba singabuswa. Kodwa emongweni wokubusa kwasekhaya, ukuhlukaniswa kwangaphakathi kwemibuso okuthiya ngokuqondile ukuvela kokubusa ngempoqo. Ifilosofi engaphansi kwayo ilula: amandla kumelwe ahlukaniswe, alinganiselwe, futhi abe necala. Uma elinye igatsha lizama ukuhlasela, elinye linethonya elinamandla kanye negunya lomthetho-mthetho-sisekelo lokuhlehlisa.

Imvelaphi Engokomlando Yokulinganisela Kwamandla

Izimpande zokuhlakanipha kokulinganisela kwamandla zibuyela emuva eGrisi naseRoma yasendulo, lapho ongqondongqondo abanjengoPolybius bachaza khona imithetho-siseko exubile ehlanganisa i-monarchy, izikhulu, nentando yeningi. Kodwa ukwakheka kwanamuhla kwavela phakathi noKhanyiselwano, edume kakhulu emsebenzini kaBaron de Montesquieu. Kunyaka wakhe wekhulu lekhulu lekhulu lekhulu leminyaka uMoya woMthetho , uMontesquieu waphikisa ukuthi inkululeko ingenzeka kuphela lapho “amandla enqamuka.” Waphawula ukuthi kumthetho wesiNgisi, isikhulu, i-Genestimula, nomthetho wokwahlulela kwakugcinwa kuhlukile ngokwaneleyo ukuze kuvinjelwe ubushiqela.

Imibono kaMontesquieu yahamba inqamula i-Atlantic futhi yalolonga kakhulu uMthetho-sisekelo wase-U.S. uJames Madison, ebhala kuFederalist No. 51, yathola iphuzu elibalulekile: “Uma abantu babeyizingelosi, bekungeke kube uhulumeni odingekile. Uma izingelosi zazingabusa abantu, futhi zingalawuli uhulumeni wangaphandle.” Ngenxa yokuthi abantu babengezona izingelosi, uMthetho-sisekelo waklanyelwa ukunikeza igatsha ngalinye izindlela zokumelana nokungenela kwabanye. Loluhlelo luye lwathathwa, lwamiswa, futhi lwathuthukiswa yizizwe eziningi emhlabeni wonke.

Ezinye izibonelo ezingokomlando zihlanganisa ukuhlola kweRome Republic phakathi kweziphakamiso, iSigele, nemihlangano ethandwayo; ukugcizelela kancane kancane kwePhalamende laseBrithani igunya phezu kombuso; kanye nokuhola kweqembu eliphethe i - Switzerland Federal Council. Esimweni ngasinye, umgomo wawufana: ukusungula amaphuzu aphikisanayo alokho ukuphoqelela, ukuhlehliswa, nokuvumelana ngaphambi kokuba kusetshenziswe amandla.

Amagatsha Amathathu: Izinsika Zentando Yeningi Yanamuhla

Konke ukuhlukana kwemibuso okuhlelwe kahle kusemagatsheni amathathu ahlukene, ngalinye linendima yalo eyinhloko kanye nemininingwane yalo eyisisekelo.

Igatsha Eliphethe

Igatsha eliphethe linomthwalo wemfanelo wokumisa nokumisa imithetho. Livame ukuqondiswa umongameli noma undunankulu, usekelwa yizinhlangano zekhathemende nezokuphathwa kweziphathimandla. Ezimisweni zomongameli njenge-United States, umphathi uzimele kumthetho womthetho; ezimisweni zephalamende, umphathi uphuma futhi uhlale enomthwalo wemfanelo kumphathi wendlu yomthetho. Amandla omphathi uhlanganisa ukubeka umthetho, ukuyala amabutho ahlomile, ukuqhuba isimiso bezizwe, nokumisa abahluleli nezinye izikhulu. Kodwa lamandla ahlala engaphansi kwemithetho yezomthetho nokwengamele ikomiti.

Igatsha Elingokomthetho

Indlu yomthetho iyindikimba yokwenza umthetho, eyakhiwa abameleli abakhethelwe ukuveza izithakazelo zabantu. Ezimisweni ze-bimaral, amagumbi amabili (njengendlu neSigele) anikeza ezinye iziphetho: elinye igumbi lingase libonise umbono othandwa kakhulu, kuyilapho elinye linikeza icebo elingcono, ngokuvamile izifunda zesifunda. Imisebenzi eyinhloko yendlu yomthetho ihlanganisa ukudlulisa izimali, ukugunyaza izindleko, ukumisa izikhulu zezikhulu, ukugunyaza izivumelwano zokugunyaza izivumelwano, nokuhlola. Ikhephethina kwalo elinamandla kakhulu liyikhono lokungathathi ngokomthetho nokususa izikhulu zezehlulele ukuziphatha okubi.

Igatsha Lokwahlulela

Ijaji lichaza imithetho futhi liqinisekisa ukuthi isetshenziswa ngokungakhethi futhi isebenza njalo. Ikomiti ezimele iyisisekelo sokulinganisela kwamandla. Izinkantolo zinegunya lokuhlola ubukhondlazeli bezenzo zomthetho-mthetho nezenzo zezikhulu, qhawe eliyaziwa njengenhloli yokwahlulela. Ngaphandle kwalamandla, amanye amagatsha angangayishaya indiva imingcele engokomthetho. Abahluleli bamiswa ngenqubo ehilela kokubili isikhulu nendlu yomthetho, futhi bajabulela ukuphila okuyishumi noma izintambo ezinde zokuzivikela ekucindezeleni kwezombangazwe.

Nakuba isakhiwo esinemiklamo emithathu eqinile sivamile, kukhona ukuhlukahluka. Amanye amazwe ahlanganisa inkantolo ehlukene yomthetho-sisekelo, ikhomishane ezimele ye-volution, noma ihhovisi le-ombudsman. Abanye basebenzisa isimiso sephalamende lapho umphathi ehlanganiswa khona nendlu yomthetho-mthetho, inkantolo engokomthetho, kanye nenhloko kahulumeni enezikhungo zezindawo.

Ama - vicket Nokulinganisela Okusebenzayo

Amasheke nezilinganiso yizindlela zokusebenza ezenza ukuhlukana kwamandla kuphumelele. Igatsha ngalinye linamathuluzi akhethekile okuqondisa, ukulinganisela, futhi uma kudingeka, likhiphe amanye amagatsha.

Umphathi - sisekelo Uyahlola

  • Amandla e-VETO:[ Umongameli noma umphathi wombuso anganqaba ukusayina umthetho odluliswe yisishaya-mthetho, aphoqelele ukuthatha indawo enkulu kakhulu ukuze asuse iveto.
  • Amandla okumisa: Isikhulu simisa amajaji, amalungu amakhabethe, amanxusa, nezinye izikhulu eziphakamisayo, ezingaphansi kokuqinisekiswa kwemithetho.
  • Amandla e-pardon:[ Isikhulu singanciphisa izigwebo noma sithethelele abantu, sinikeze i-exake ezinqumweni zokwahlulela ezicaleni zobugebengu.
  • Igunya elikhulu loMyalo: Umphathi oqondisa ibutho lezempi, kodwa isishaya-mthetho kuphela esingamemezela impi futhi sixhase amabutho ahlomile.

Iziphetho Zemithetho

  • Ukuhlela nokususa:[ Isishayamthetho singaletha amacala kubaphathi abaphetheyo nakwahluleli ngenxa yokuvukela umbuso, ukufumbathisa, noma ezinye izenzo zobugebengu ezinkulu kanye namaphutha.
  • Ukuqinisekisa nemvume: Indlu ye-senate noma ephezulu kumelwe ivumele ukumiswa kwezikhulu kanye nezivumelwano.
  • Ukulawula kobuhlanya: Kuphela isishaya-mthetho esingaba nemali efanele, silinganise lokho umphathi angakusebenzisa.
  • [ Ukudlulisa ukuzwa:[ Amakomiti ahlola izenzo zobuphathi, amabhukwana afuna, kanye nofakazi.
  • [[UMTL:0] I-egisistived:[ Isikhongozelo singadlula futhi isibalo esinqunyiwe ngenani eliphindwe kabili-ntathu emagumbini womabili.

Ama - archy Okwahlulela

  • [ Ukubukeza okungokwesiko: Izinkantolo zingashaya imithetho noma izenzo zezikhulu eziphula umthetho-sisekelo.
  • [ Ukufakwa komthetho: izinkantolo zichaza incazelo yezimiso, zilinganisela indlela umphathi aziphoqelela ngayo.
  • [ Amandla okungalawuleki: Izinkantolo zingakhipha iziyalezo ezivimbela isenzo sikahulumeni esingekho emthethweni kuze kube yilapho kuqulwa icala eliphelele.

Lokhu kuhlola akuqashelwa; kuyasetshenziswa njalo. Ngokwesibonelo, uma umongameli wase-U.S. enikeza umyalo ophethe odlula igunya lomthetho, izinkantolo zikahulumeni zivame ukuwuyala. Uma isishayamthetho senqaba ukuqinisekisa abameleli, umphathi wendlu kumelwe axoxe noma akhiphe ukukhetha kwakhe. Uma izinkantolo zichaza imithetho ngezindlela eziphikisanayo, imithetho emisha ingadluliselwa ukuze kucaciswe inhloso. Isimiso siklanyelwe ukuba sibambe kancane futhi singabi nempumelelo, ngakho - qhaza --ukuvimbela ukuqubuka noma isenzo sobuhluku.

Isizathu Sokuba Ulinganisele Izinto: Ukuvimbela Ukuhlukunyezwa

Kuvela i-Tyrany lapho uhulumeni eba owephula umthetho, ozishaya umthetho, nocindezelayo. Kungathatha izindlela eziningi: umashiqela oqeda ukungavumelani, isishayamthetho esishushisa amaphekula amancane, noma ikomiti enqabela isibopho sokuzifunela intando yakhe. Ukulinganisela kwamandla kulokhu kuvikela okuyisisekelo ngakunye.

Ukuthuthukisa Ukulandisa

Uma amandla egcwele, akekho ongabiza umbusi ukuba alandise. Isimiso esilinganiselayo siqinisekisa ukuthi igatsha ngalinye lihlolwe abanye. Isishaya-mthetho singahlola ukuziphatha okubi kwesikhulu; izinkantolo zingaphoqelela umphathi ukuba alandele umthetho; umphathi angadalula ukonakala kwemithetho ngemiyalezo ye-veto nokunxusa komphakathi. Lokhu kuqondisa kuveza isiko lomthwalo wemfanelo ongokomthetho nongowezombangazwe.

Ukuvikela Amalungelo Abantu Ngabodwa

Uhulumeni ononya ucindezela inkululeko eyisisekelo(speech, ingqungquthela, inkolo, inqubo efanelekile, amalungelo empahla. Ukulinganisela kwamandla kuvikela lamalungelo ngokukwenza kube nzima nganoma yiliphi igatsha elilodwa ukumisa izinyathelo zokucindezela. Ngisho noma isishayamthetho sezikhulu sidlulisa umthetho onqanda inkululeko yokukhuluma, izinkantolo zingakusho ukuthi ayivumelani nemithetho esemthethweni. Ngisho noma umshushisi oshisekayo ehlasela abaphikisi bezombangazwe, abahluleli abazimele bangawakhipha icala. Ukwahlukana kwemibuso kusebenza njengesihlaseli samalungelo amancane amelene nezinkanuko zeningi.

Ukubambisana Okukhuthazayo Nokuhlehla

U-Tyranny uvame ukuvela kuhulumeni ongenza izinto ngaphandle komdlandla futhi ngokushesha. Ukulinganisela kwamandla kucabangela. Umphathi akanakuyisebenzisa imali ngaphandle kokushaya umthetho; isishaya-mthetho asinakuphoqelela imithetho yaso ngaphandle kokubambisana kwezikhulu; ijaji alinakuyisusa ebhentshini. Lokhu kubambisana kuphoqelela ukuba kuxoxiswe, kwakhiwe ngokuhlangene, futhi kwehlehliswe.

Umlando ubonisa ukuthi amazwe anezingcingo eziqinile nezilinganisekile mancane kakhulu amathuba okungena ekubuseni ngempoqo. Amazwe alulaza noma aqede lezizivikelo − ngokupakisha izinkantolo, ngemithetho yokubusa, noma ukubusa okukodwa okunengxenye eyodwa, / ngokuvamile ayadabuka ngokulahlekelwa yinkululeko elandela.

Ukuhlola Izenzakalo: Ukulinganisela Kwamandla Emhlabeni Wonke

Ukuhlola indlela izizwe ezihlukene ezisebenzisa ngayo amandla kwembula kokubili amandla nobuthakathaka, nakuba ukuhlukaniswa kwemibuso kuyisifiso sendawo yonke, kuyahlukahluka kakhulu.

E - United States

UMthetho-sisekelo wase-U.S. uyisibonelo esivelele sesimiso sobumongameli esihlukanisa kakhulu imibuso. Umongameli, uKhongolo, neNkantolo ePhakeme ngayinye iye yachaza indima neziphathimandla ezihlalisanayo. Ngokwesibonelo, umongameli umisa izinkantolo zeNkantolo Eziphakeme, kodwa iSigeqe siwaqinisekisa. ISishayamthetho singawengamela umongameli, kodwa iJaji Eliyinhloko lengamele ukuqulwa kwecala. INkantolo Ephakeme ingagawula imithetho kahulumeni neyombuso, kodwa ingenza iMithetho-mthetho. Lesimiso siyakwazi ukuqeda uMthetho-Constitution. Nakuba sibhekene nobunzima obukhulu ekuhlaseleni kwezombangazwe nesikhulu sezekhono. I-Congregational Research Servation Service inikeza ubufakazi obukhulu ekuhloleni kwalezi zinqunyweni.

EJalimane

I-Bactacy Law (Grundesetz) yaseJalimane yakha isimiso sephalamende esinezivikelo eziqinile zokulinganisela amandla. I-Chancellor ikhethwa i-Bundestag (indlu engezansi) futhi ingasuswa kuphela ngevoti eyakhayo yokungathembi − okusho ukuthi iningi kumelwe livumelane ngomlandeli ngaphambi kokulahla isigaba sombuso wezwe. I-Federal Constitution Court (Bundesfesrichgesricht) inemibuso ebanzi yokubukeza izelo yokwahlulela futhi ingavimbela amaqembu ezombangazwe asongela uhlelo lwentando yeningi. Isimiso sombuso waseJalimane kumelwe futhi sivumelane amandla phakathi kohulumeni wesizwe nowe-16 Lä (izwe), ukwenezela ukuphakama kwemibuso ehlukene.

eNdiya

INdiya iyisimiso sokubusa ngentando yeningi esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni futhi ilandela isimiso sephalamende laseWestminster. UMongameli uyinhloko kahulumeni wezomthetho-sisekelo, kuyilapho uNdunankulu noMkhandlu Wezikhulu usebenzisa amandla alawulayo. IPhalamende laseNdiya lihlanganisa iLok Sabba (indlu ephezulu) neRajeya Sabbaha (indlu ephezulu). INkantolo ePhakemende yaseNdiya inamandla okuhlola futhi ingayephula imithetho eyisisekelo eqinisekiswe nguMthetho-Mthethweni. INdiya futhi ineKhomisha yeSikhungo sokhetho esizimeleyo esiqinisekisa ukuvota ngesihle nangesihle. Nokho, abagxeki baphawula ukuthi eminyakeni yamuva isikhulu sezikhulu siye sathonya ekwahlulelweni nakwezinye izinhlangano zezinhlangano.

i-France

IRepublic yesihlanu yeFrance ihlanganisa izici zomongameli nepalamende ezisemikhawulweni “yobukhoma”. UMongameli ukhethwa ngokuqondile futhi uphethe amandla amakhulu, kuhlanganise negunya lokuncibilikisa i-National Assembly futhi abize ama-assendum. UMphathi omkhulu, omiswe nguMongameli, unomthwalo wemfanelo kumphathi wendlu yomthetho. UMkhandlu we-Constitupleal uhlola imithetho yomthetho-mthethwe-mthetho ngaphambi kokuba ikhululwe. Lo mklamo we-projekthi uhlo ukuba uhlanganise ukuqina nokuzimela, kodwa futhi ufaka izingozi nasekulawuleni kwezikhulu lapho umPresidentente ulawula i-Ngqungquthela. Phakathi nezinkathi “yokuhlala isikhulu sendlu yesizwe” (lapho uMongameli neNgqozi weSikhulu uvela eziphikisaneni), ukuncitshiswa kwemithetho emuva ngemva kokumiswa kwendlu yomthetho.

Ezinye izibonelo eziphawulekayo zihlanganisa isimiso sephalamende laseCanada neSigele esimisiwe, umthetho-mthetho waseNingizimu Afrika ongemva kokwakhela izifundazwe eziyisishiyagalolunye neNkantolo eqinile yoMthetho-sisekelo, nesimiso sobumongameli saseBrazil esinamandla amakhulu okuqondisa imithetho. Ngasinye sibonisa ukuthi ukulinganisela kwamandla kumelwe kuvumelane nomongo wezwe ongokomlando, isiko lezombangazwe, kanye negunya lezezikhundla.

Izinsongo Zanamuhla Ezisongela Ukulinganisela Kwamandla

Naphezu kokubaluleka kwalo okuqinisekisiwe, ukulinganisela kwamandla kuyahlaselwa embusweni wentando yeningi namuhla.

Ukuphumelela Okuphakeme Namandla Aphuthumayo

Ezikhathini zenhlekelele(-pandemics), ubuphekula, ukuwa kwezomnotho , ukuwa kwezomnotho − ngokuvamile kuheha ukudlula imishini evamile egameni lejubane nokunquma. Bangase banikeze iziyalezo zezikhulu ezikwazi ukuphinda zibhale imithetho, zimemezele izimo eziphuthumayo zokuvula amagunya angavamile, noma zenqabe ukuhambisana nama-popona abekwe umthetho. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kwanda kwesikhashana kungaba okuhlala njalo uma kungavinjelwa izinkantolo nezishayamthetho.

Ukwehla Kwemibono Yezombangazwe Nokuvaleka Kwemizwa

Lapho amaqembu ezombangazwe ehlukana kakhulu, ukuhlola nokulinganisela okuhloselwe ukuveza ukuyekethisa esikhundleni sokubangela ukukhubazeka. Isishaya-mthetho singase senqabe ukuqinisekisa ukumiswa, kuholele ekuthatheni izikhala ejajini nasebuthweni lezezombangazwe. Amahlelo okusetshenziswa kwemali angase angabi nanjongo, avimbele uhulumeni. Lokhu kululaza ukholo lomphakathi ezinhlanganweni zentando yeningi futhi kubangele isidingo sokuba abaholi abanamandla, ngokuyinqaba kululaza ukuhlukaniswa kwemibuso evimbela ubushiqela.

Ukuzibusa Kokwahlulela Kuyavinjelwa

Ikomiti yezomthetho ezimele ibalulekile ekubekeni imingcele engokomthetho. Kodwa emazweni amaningana, izikhulu ziye zafuna ukumisa izinkantolo nabasekeli bomthetho othembekile, abahluleli abaphikisana nazo ababusa ngokumelene nazo, noma izinkantolo ezikhipha imingcele yezindaba ezithile. Ngisho nasebudemokrasini obumisiwe, inqubo yokumisa iye yancishwa, isusa ukwethenjwa komphakathi ekungakhethini kokwahlulela.

Ukonakala Nekhasimende

Lapho abaphethe besebenzisa amandla abo ukuze bacebise noma bakhokhele izimpahla, ukulinganisela kwamandla kuyawohloka. Ukufumbathisa, ukufumbathisa, nokudla injoloba kuguqula amasheke abe izitembu zenjoloba. Izinhlangano ezizimele ezilwa nokungakhohlisi kanye nezivikelo zokufutha impepho zibalulekile, kodwa zona ngokwazo zidinga ukusekela kwemithetho nezikhulu ukuze zisebenze.

Ukusebenzisa ulwazi

Imikhankaso yokungavumelani nezindaba, ukuthunjwa kwemithombo yezindaba, kanye nenkulumo - ze ye-inthanethi kungathonya umbono womphakathi futhi kuvikele ohulumeni ukuba bangalandisa. Iphephandaba elikhululekile livame ukubizwa ngokuthi “igatsha lesine” likahulumeni ngoba lihlola amandla ngokuwadalula. Uma amaphepha-zindaba ecindezelwa noma elawulwa, kunyamalala okunye kokuhlola okubaluleke kakhulu.

Ukuvikela Ukulinganisela Kwamandla

Ukulondoloza ukulinganisela kwegunya kudinga umzamo oqhubekayo wezakhamuzi, izinhlangano, nabantu osebenza nabo emhlabeni wonke.

Ubuqotho Bomthetho - sisekelo Nemfundo Yesibalo

Izincwadi ezisungulwe isizwe kumelwe zinikeze amandla acacile okulungisa futhi zinikeze izinqubo zokulungisa ukuthula.Izakhamuzi kumelwe ziziqonde lezi zimiso futhi zizimisele ukuzivikela. Izikole, imithombo yezindaba, nezinhlangano zomphakathi konke kunendima ekufundiseni indlela umsebenzi ozokwenziwa nokulinganisela nokuthi kungani kubalulekile.

Imithombo Yezindaba Nezakhamuzi Ezizimele

Imithombo yezindaba enamandla ehlola ububi bukahulumeni futhi ikhiphe amazwi aphikisanayo iyisiphetho esinzima sangaphandle. Izinhlangano ezingezona ezohulumeni zingabhala izikhankaso, umkhankaso wezinguquko, nokhetho. Uma la mandla ebambisana, njengoba enza ezinhlanganweni zokuziphendulela enkantolo emazweni amaningi.

Inguquko Engokomthetho Yokwahlulela

Imishini efana nemithetho emisiwe yahluleli, amakhomishane okumisa angekho ngxenye, nemibono egunyaza ukumiswa komthetho-sisekelo ingaqinisa ukuzimela kokwahlulela. Imithetho ingamisa imithetho evikela amalungelo eqembu elincane, idinga izimemezelo ezinkulu kakhulu zezenzo ezithile, futhi igunyaze ukushona kwelanga kwemibuso emisha ephuthumayo. Inqubo yokuqondisa yenza izinhlangano eziphoqelela ukuba zilandele ukuqashelwa komthetho womphakathi nokwenza imithetho yomthetho futhi isize.

Ukucindezela Komhlaba Wonke Nezimo Zangasese

Izizwe ezibusa ngedemokrasi nezinhlangano zomhlaba wonke zingasekela ukulinganisela kwamandla kwamanye amazwe ngezingxoxo zezingxoxo, ukunikeza usizo olunemibandela, nokuqinisekisa okuhlangene. Izindikimba ezinjengeVenice Commission of the Council inikeza imibono ewuchwepheshe ngemithetho engokomthetho. Nakuba ubukhosi kumelwe buhlonishwe, nezimiso ezicacile ezimelene nokugxiliswa kwamandla zingavimbela ukuvukelwa kwecala.

Ukulwela ukulondoloza izinhlolo nokulinganisa akupheli. Isizukulwane ngasinye kumelwe siphinde sizifake ngezingozi zamandla agxilile futhi sithathe izinqubo eziphazamisayo, ezithatha kancane, ngokuvamile ezikhungathekisayo zokubusa kwentando yeningi.

Isiphetho

Ukulinganisela kwamandla akuyona inkolelo ecatshangelwayo; kuyilungiselelo lokuphila, lokusebenza elivikela inkululeko yabantu. Kusukela emahholo e-Capitol kuya emakamelweni eNkantolo ePhakeme yaseNdiya, kusukela eBoundamestag eBerlin ukuya eBrasília’s Panácio do Planalto, isimiso sokuthi amandla kumelwe ahlole amandla ahlala eyisivikelo esinokwethenjelwa ekubuseni kobushiqela. UDemocracracy usebenza kahle lapho kungekho gatsha lingakwazi ukubusa, lapho izikhulu zingenakho ukuxoxa, lapho inkantolo zingethe cha, futhi lapho izakhamuzi zingakwazi ukuphendula wonke umuntu. Ukuqonda lokhu kulinganisela kwePlantaaltalto, futhi ukuvikela intengo yenkululeko.