Ukuthola inzuzo ezinkonzweni zezempilo kuyisici esiyisisekelo somphakathi ongcono, kodwa izakhamuzi eziningi zizama ukusebenzisa isimiso esiyinkimbinkimbi sabagcini-mzanso, izinshuwalense, nezinhlelo zomphakathi. Izinhlelo zikahulumeni wendawo zifeza indima ebalulekile ekulolongeni indawo yokunakekela impilo, ithonya indlela izakhamuzi ezithola ngayo ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha, kusukela ezinsingweni zokuvimbela ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo. Ukuqonda lezi zinhlelo kungasiza abantu ukuba benze izinqumo eziqondile, zinciphise izithiyo zokunakekela, futhi ekugcineni zithuthukise imiphumela yempilo. Lesi sihloko sihlola izindlela ezihlukahlukene zohulumeni bendawo ezithinta ukufinyelela kwempilo, izinhlobo zezinhlelo ezikhona, izinselele ezikhona, nendlela ongazisekela ngayo izinkonzo ezingcono emphakathini wakho.

Indima Kahulumeni Wendawo Ekunakekeleni Impilo

Ohulumeni bendawo bavame ukuba yizimpendulo zokuqala zezidingo zempilo yomphakathi. Ukuhileleka kwabo ekunakekeleni impilo kungaba ngezindlela eziningi, kuhlanganise nokuxhasa ngemali, ukuqondisa, nelungiselelo lenkonzo eliqondile.

Izindawo eziyinhloko lapho ohulumeni bendawo bethinta khona ukunakekelwa kwempilo zihlanganisa:

  • [ Ifundisa iminyango yezempilo [ eyongamela izindlela zomphakathi zezempilo, ukuqapha izifo, nemfundo yempilo.
  • [ Ukulinganisa izimiso zempilo [ ezithinta ukufinyelela izinkonzo, njengemithetho yokuhlanganisa imithola-mpilo noma izimfuneko zokuhlanzeka kwezindawo zokudlela.
  • [ Ukuhlanganisa imithola-mpilo yendawo nezinhlelo zokunakekela impilo ngokukhokha intela, izikhokhelo, kanye nokuhlangana komphakathi.
  • [ Ukuhlela izinkonzo eziphuthumayo kanye nokulungiselela inhlekelele ukuhlela ukusingatha izifo eziwumqedazwe, izinhlekelele zemvelo, nezenzakalo zokulimala okukhulu.
  • [[[I-FLT:0] Izindawo zokunakekela impilo ezilawulayo futhi iqinisekise ukuthi ihambisana nokuphepha nezindinganiso ezisezingeni eliphezulu.

Ngenxa yokuthi ohulumeni bendawo basondelene kakhulu nemiphakathi abayikhonzayo, bangalungisa izinhlelo ukuze bahlangabezane nezidingo ezithile zenani labantu, amasiko, nendawo.

Izinhlobo Zezinhlelo Zokunakekela Impilo Kahulumeni Wasendaweni

Izinhlelo zosizo lwempilo zikahulumeni wendawo ziyahlukahluka kakhulu ezifundeni eziningi, kodwa zihlanganisa izigaba zenkonzo eziyinhloko eziningana eziklanyelwe ukuthuthukisa ukutholakala. Ukuqonda lezinhlelo kunganika abantu amandla okusebenzisa imithombo ekhona nokunciphisa izinhlobonhlobo zempilo. Ngezansi kuyizigaba ezivame kakhulu.

Izikhungo Zezempilo Zomphakathi

Imithola-mpilo yomphakathi, ngokuvamile exhaswe noma esetshenziswa ohulumeni bendawo, inikeza izinkonzo zezempilo ezidingekayo kubantu abadinga inzuzo ephansi. Lemithola-mpilo inikeza isikali semali esishelelayo esisekelwe emalini eholweni, iqinisekisa ukuthi ngisho nezakhamuzi ezingahlolwanga noma ezingatholi nzuzo inganakekelwa. Izinkonzo zihlanganisa:

  • Ukunakekela [ kwezimo ezibucayi nezingamahlalakhona.
  • [ Ukunakekelwa nokuhlolwa kwezifo zezifo ezinjengomfutho wegazi ophakeme, isifo sikashukela, kanye nomdlavuza othile.
  • Ukufakwa [ kwezingane nakubadala, kuhlanganise nomkhuhlane ne-COVID-19 yokugoma.
  • Imfundo eqinile kanye nokukhushulwa ngezihloko ezinjengokudla, ukuvivinya umzimba, nemikhuba ephephile yobulili.
  • Ukuphatha isifo seChronic [ izinhlelo zesifo sesifuba somoya, isifo senhliziyo, nezinye izifo zesikhathi eside.

Eminye imitholampilo futhi inikeza amazinyo, amehlo, nokuziphatha okungcono ngaphansi kophahla, inikeza i-modeli yekhaya lezokwelapha eliphakathi. Ngokwe-National Association of Community Health Centers, amaMelika angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-30 athembele ezikhungweni zezempilo zomphakathi, eziningi zazo ezixhomeke ekuxhaseni imali kahulumeni wendawo.

Imikhankaso Yezempilo Yomphakathi

Ohulumeni bendawo bavame ukusungula imikhankaso yezempilo yomphakathi ukuze babhekane nezindaba ezithile zempilo. Le mikhankaso ivame ukuba yi-data efakwa ezindaweni ezicindezela kakhulu ezichazwa umnyango wezempilo. Ihlonze elivamile lihlanganisa:

  • Ukuvimbela ukukhuluphala nokukhuluphala [ ngezindlela ezifana nezikhangiso zemakethe yabalimi, izinhlelo zesikole, nokubhala ukudla okunempilo.
  • Izinhlelo zokukhipha i-tobacco ceses[[FL:1] zinikeza amapayipi e-nicotine akhululekile, iseluleko, nemithetho yomsebenzi engenantuthu.
  • [ Ukuvimbela ukuxhashazwa kokusebenzisa kabi indle] kuhlanganise nemithi egunyaziwe ithatha izenzakalo ezibuya emuva, ukusakaza i-naloxone, nemfundo ngezingozi ze-opioid.
  • [ imikhankaso yempilo yentamo yokunciphisa ihlazo nokuthuthukisa imithombo ekhona enjengezintambo ezishisayo eziyingozi kanye nezikhungo zokuhamba.

Izinkonzo Zempilo Zezingane Nezempilo

Lezi zinkonzo zihloselwe ukunciphisa ukufa kwezinsana, ukukhuthaza ukukhulelwa okunempilo, nokuqinisekisa ukukhula kwezingane zisencane. Izibonelo zihlanganisa:

  • ukunakekelwa kokubeletha nokubeletha kwabesifazane abazalelwe abaphansi ngokuhambela abahlengikazi ekhaya noma imitholampilo.
  • [[Abesifazane:0] Abesifazane, izinsana, nabantwana (WIC) izinhlelo zokondleka kokudla ezinikeza ukudla okunempilo nokuncelisa ibele.
  • [[UMTL:0] Ukungenela kwasekuqaleni kuhlola ukubambezeleka kokukhula, ukuzwa, nokubona noma izinkinga.
  • [ Izikhungo zezempilo ezisekelwe ku-ool [ ezinikeza ukuhlolwa kahle komntwana, imidlalo, kanye nokwelulekwa kwengqondo.

Impilo Yengqondo Nezindlela Zokusetshenziswa Kwayo

Njengoba impilo engokwengqondo iqala ukubekwa phambili ezweni lonke, ohulumeni bendawo bandisa izinkonzo ngalé kwemitholampilo engokwesiko. Inkinga imaqembu okungenela, izinkonzo zengqondo ezihambayo, nezinhlelo zokuhamba emajele zivame kakhulu. Ezinye izilinganiso ziye zamisa izinkantolo zempilo yengqondo ukuze zixhumane nabaphuli-mthetho ekwelaphekeni kunokuba baboshwe. Lezinhlelo zincike ekuxhaseni imali esetshenziswayo endaweni, ngokuvamile esekelwa yizibonelelo zikahulumeni nohulumeni.

Ukuvinjelwa Nokulawulwa Kwezifo Okungamahlalakhona

Ohulumeni bendawo bafaka futhi izinhlelo zokuhlasela izifo ezingapheli njengesifo sikashukela, isifo senhliziyo, nomfutho wegazi ophakeme. Lezi zinyathelo zingahlanganisa ukuhlola umfutho wegazi mahhala ezikhungweni zomphakathi, ukuhamba ngemitapo, amakilasi okupheka, kanye nezindawo zokuzimela isifo sikashukela. Ngokugxila ekuvimbeleni, ohulumeni bendawo banganciphisa izindleko zempilo ezithatha isikhathi eside futhi bathuthukise izinga lokuphila.

Indlela Izinhlelo Zikahulumeni Wasendaweni Ezithuthukisa Ngayo Ukutholakala Kwazo

Izinhlelo zikahulumeni wendawo ziklanyelwe ukuthuthukisa amathuba okuthola izinkonzo zokwelapha ngokulungisa izithiyo ezivamile. Lezi zinyathelo zingaholela empucukweni engcono empilweni yamalungu omphakathi, ikakhulukazi lawo angahlolwanga noma ahlala ezindaweni ezinganakekelwanga ngokwezokwelapha. Nazi izindlela eziningana ezikhethekile izinhlelo zendawo ezenza umehluko.

Izinhlelo Zosizo Lwezimali

Izindleko zohulumeni abaningi bendawo banikeza izinhlelo zosizo lwezimali ukuze kusizwe izakhamuzi ukuba zikhokhele izinkonzo zokwelapha. Lezi zingahlanganisa:

  • [ Izindleko zesilinganiso [ zeziguli ezithola imali ephansi emitholampilo yomphakathi, okusekelwe ebungakoni bendlu nasemalini eholayo.
  • [ Izindawo zokukhokhela imishuwalense yempilo ukusiza izakhamuzi ukuba zithenge ngemakethe noma ngemedicaid yezwe ukuthenga izinto ezikhethiwe.
  • [ usizo olungokwezimali [ lwezidingo eziphuthumayo zezokwelapha, njengokuvala isikweleti sesibhedlela noma umbiko wesibhedlela lapho isakhamuzi sibhekene nenkinga engalindelekile.
  • [ Ukukhulula intela [ ezibhedlela ezingazuzisi ezishintshanayo ngokunikeza izinzuzo zomphakathi.

Izisekelo Zokuthutha

Ukuntuleka kwezinto zokuhamba ezinokwethenjelwa kungavimbela abantu ukuba bagcine izithembiso, ikakhulukazi emaphandleni noma ezindaweni ezibanzi zasemaphethelweni.

  • Izinketho zokuthutha ezikhethekile eziya esibhedlela , njengezindawo zebhasi ezilahliwe noma i-paratransit kubantu abakhubazekile.
  • Izinkonzo zentelezi zomkhumbi-msila ezikhululekile emitholampilo nasezibhedlela , ezivame ukulawulwa iminyango yezempilo noma ngokubambisana nezinkampani ezihamba ngemoto.
  • [ Isithuthi se-Medicaid izinhlelo ezixhumanisa izithuthi zezokwelapha ezingalawuleki (NEMT) kubathumeli abafanele.

Ukutholakala Kwe - Telehealth Nezinombolo

Umqedazwe we-COVOID-19 wandisa ukuthathwa kwe-telehealth, futhi ohulumeni bendawo baye bafeza indima eyinhloko ekutholeni izinombolo ezibanzi. Izinhlelo zihlanganisa:

  • Izakhiwo zesakhiwo ezingaphandle zinikeza ukuletha i-inthanethi enezintambo eziphakeme ezindaweni zasemaphandleni nezingenamali.
  • IPublic Wi-Fi hormones emitatsheni yezincwadi, ezikhungweni zomphakathi, nasemapaki ukuze kuvuleke ukuhanjelwa kwadokotela.
  • [ Utho lokwekongoza uhlelo oluvumela izakhamuzi ukuba ziboleke izibhebhe noma ama-laptop ukuze zibonane no-telehealth.

Ngokwe[QUMT]'s se-[FLT] Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, i-telehealth ingathuthukisa ukunakekelwa futhi inciphise ukushiywa kwezikhathi ezilahlekile, ikakhulukazi ekunqandeni izifo ezingamahlalakhona.

Izimoto Nezinkonzo Ze - Pop-Up

Abanye ohulumeni bendawo basebenzisa ama-pop-up ahamba ngezinyawo ezihamba ngezinyawo eziya ezindaweni ezingaphansi kwezindawo ezigciniwe, izikole, nezikhungo eziphezulu. Lemithola-khaya inikeza imijovo yokugoma, umfutho wegazi, ukuhlola i-STD, nemfundo yempilo. Izinkonzo ze-Pop-up zinganikeza futhi izithombo zomkhuhlane noma i-COVOVID-19 ekuhlolweni phakathi nokuqubuka, zifinyelele kubantu abangase bavakashele emtholampilo emisiwe.

Ukufinyelela Ulimi Nempicabadala Yempucuko

Ohulumeni bendawo bayaqaphela ukuthi imingcele yolimi ivimbela ukuba umuntu akwazi ukunakekelwa kwezempilo okuphumelelayo.

  • [ Izinkonzo zokudlulisa ngezilimi eziningi emitholampilo yomphakathi nasezibhedlela.
  • [ I-'transformed's zempilo' yezikhulumi ezingezona isiNgisi.
  • Ukuqeqesha komncintiswano we-' kubakhathaleli bezempilo ukuxoxa ngezinkolelo nemikhuba yeziguli ehlukahlukene.
  • Izinhlelo zezisebenzi zezempilo ze-community ezisebenzisa izisebenzi ezikhuluma izilimi ezimbili ukuze zihambe nge-implut systems.

Izinselele Ezibhekene Nezinhlelo Zokunakekelwa Kwempilo Zikahulumeni Wasendaweni

Nakuba izinhlelo zikahulumeni wendawo zifeza indima ebalulekile ekunakekeleni impilo, zibhekana nezinselele ezinkulu ezingaphazamisa ukuphumelela kwazo.

Ukulinganiselwa Kwemali

Enye yezinselele eziphikelelayo ukuthola imali eyanele. Ohulumeni abaningi bendawo basebenzisa imali elinganiselwe, befuna izinkonzo ezikhudlwana ezisezikoleni, ekulondekeni komphakathi, nasezisekelweni zesakhiwo. Lokhu kungaholela:

  • Izinkonzo eziye zancitshiswa emitholampilo yomphakathi , njengehora elimfushane, amathengi, noma ukuvalwa kwezindawo zeziphuphutheki.
  • [ Imikhankaso yempilo yomphakathi enciphile kakhulu, ilinganisela ukungenela kwezindaba ezibalulekile njengokugoma noma ukuxilonga umdlavuza.
  • Izikhathi ezikhulisweyo zokulinda iziguli [ ngenxa yokusebenzisa izitafu ezingaphansi kanye nezindawo ezilinganiselwe zokuhlela.
  • Ukwethembela ekunikezeni imali engaguquguqukiyo [ engangase ingenziwa ivuselelwe, ibangele iziphazamiso zohlelo.

Ngokwesibonelo, umnyango wezempilo wesifunda ungathembela kakhulu eziphakalweni zikahulumeni ezivela ku-Health Resources and Service Administration (HRSA). Uma leminyango incishisiwe noma ibambezeleka, izinhlelo zendawo ngokuvamile kumelwe zilinganisele emuva noma ziphele ngokuphelele. i-National Association of County and City Health Actigionals ibika ukuthi iminyango yezempilo yendawo iye yabona ukuncitshiswa okukhulu eminyakeni yamuva, okuthinta ikhono layo lokusabela ekuvukeni kwezinsolo.

Iziphazamiso Zemithetho

Izimiso zokunakekela impilo yendawo zingadala izinselele. Imithetho yoMbuso yokuqeda amadolobha ngezinye izikhathi ilinganisela ikhono lamadolobha kanye nezilinganiso zokumisa imithetho yempilo yendawo, njengentela yesoda noma imvume yokufihla imbobo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imithetho ingase ingavumelani njalo nezidingo zomphakathi, iholele ku:

  • Ukusabela okunganele ekuqhamukeni kwezinkinga zempilo , njengokuphuza ngokweqile noma ukuqubuka kwezifo ezithathelwanayo.
  • Ukutholakala okungahlelekile kwenani labantu abakwekwehlelekile, kuhlanganise nabafuduki abangabhalwanga ukuthi bangathunjwa besaba ukusebenzisa izinhlelo zomphakathi.
  • Ukujwayela ukuthambekela kokunakekela impilo okusha, njengemikhokhi esekelwe kukubaluleka kwenani noma impilo ehlangene.
  • I-tepe ebomvu e-Bureaucrate ebambezela ukuvunyelwa kwemitholampilo noma ukwanda kwenkonzo.

Ukuswelakala Kwamandla

Izinhlelo zikahulumeni eziningi zendawo zizama ukuthola futhi zigcine ochwepheshe bezempilo, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zasemaphandleni.

  • [ amabanga amade [ eziguli ezifuna ukunakekelwa okukhethekile.
  • Ukuthembela okukhulisiwe kuyi-comment tens (induku yesikhashana), okunganciphisa ukuqhubekeka kokunakekelwa.
  • Izinga eliphezulu lokujika , kuphazamisa ukuhleleka kohlelo nokwethembana kwesineke.

Intando Yezombangazwe Nengxenye Yomphakathi

Ngisho nezinhlelo ezihlelwe kahle zingahluleka uma zintula ukusekela kwezombangazwe noma umphakathi uthenga. Izikhulu zendawo ezikhethiwe zingase zifake ezinye izimpikiswano kuqala, futhi izakhamuzi zingazi ukuthi zinezinkonzo ezikhona. Ukwakha umphakathi kuyodinga ukuxhumana okungaguquguquki, ukuxhumana okusobala, nemiphumela esheshayo.

Ukuhlolwa Kwezinkonzo Zokunakekela Impilo Ezithuthukisiwe

Amalungu omphakathi angafeza indima esebenzayo ekulolongeni izinhlelo zokwelapha zendawo. Ngokuhlanganyela nohulumeni wendawo, izakhamuzi zingasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi izinhlelo zihlangabezana nezidingo zangempela futhi zivikele imithombo edingekayo ukuze iphumelele. Nawa amasu amaningana asebenzayo okuqamba:

  • Imihlangano kahulumeni yendawo [ ukusho izinto ezikhathazayo nokusikisela phakathi nezikhathi zokuphendula komphakathi. Umkhandlu wedolobha nemihlangano yesifunda sesifunda ingamathuba okuqokomisa amagebe ekunakekeleni noma ukuveza izinyathelo ezintsha.
  • Paricipate ezindaweni zempilo yomphakathi namashabhu akhiwe umnyango wakho wezempilo. Lezi zenzakalo zivame zihlanganisa ukuhlola kanye namaqembu agxilayo athonya ukuklanywa kohlelo.
  • Ihlobana nezinhlangano zezempilo zendawo njengezikhungo zezempilo zomphakathi, izimiso zesibhedlela, kanye namaqembu angekho nzuzo ukuze andise isigijimi sakho.
  • Ukuthola ukuhlolwa komphakathi [ ukunikeza intuthuko yohlelo. Iminyango eminingi yezempilo iqhuba i-Community Health Idinga Ama-Assessment (CHNAs) njalo eminyakeni emithathu, kanye nokufakwa kwezakhamuzi ezikuhlobo oluqondile oluza kuqala.
  • Hlanganisa abameleli bakho abakhethiwe ngezinhlamvu, ama-imeyili, noma izingcingo ukuze usekele izinguquko ezithile ezingokonyaka noma ezinqunyiwe.
  • Ukungena noma ukwakha umkhandlu wesiguli onikeza ukuzwana okuqhubekayo ezinhlanganweni zezempilo zendawo.
  • [ Yabelana ngendaba yakho ngemithombo yezindaba yendawo noma ngezokuxhumana ukuze ubonise isidingo sokuthola ukwelashwa okungcono.

Impumelelo yokuzimela iqala ngeqembu elincane lezakhamuzi ezizinikele. Ngokwesibonelo, ngemva kokuba izakhamuzi zase-Midstern zibike ukuthi zilinde isikhathi eside ukumiswa kwempilo yengqondo, iqembu labameleli lasebenza nebhodi lesifunda ukuxhasa i-offanti entsha ebangela izinkinga. Phakathi neminyaka emibili, ukuhambela amagumbi okuphuthuma ezinkingeni zempilo zengqondo ehla ngo-30%. Izindaba ezifanayo zibonisa ukuthi lapho imiphakathi ikhuluma, ohulumeni bendawo bangasabela ngokuphumelelayo.

Isiphetho

Ukuqonda indlela izinhlelo zikahulumeni wendawo ezithinta ngayo ukufinyelela izinkonzo zokwelapha kubalulekile kunoma ubani oweqa isimiso sezempilo. Emitholampilo yomphakathi nemikhankaso yezempilo yomphakathi ukuya ezinkonzweni zokuthutha nokuthatha isinyathelo sokuzihambela, le zinhlelo zigcwalisa izikhala ezibucayi ezingase zingakhohlakali izinhlelo zomshuwa wezomuntu siqu nohulumeni. Nokho, imingcele yezimali, ukulinganiselwa kwezimiso, ukuswelakala kwemisebenzi, kanye nezingamandla ezombangazwe zingase zinciphise ukuphumelela kwazo. Ngokuqaphela indima yale zinhlelo nezinselele ezibhekene nazo, amalungu omphakathi angaba abameleli abanolwazi ngezimiso ezifaneleke kakhulu zezokunakekela impilo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi udinga ukunakekelwa noma ukudinga ukusiza abanye, ukuhlala ubophene nezinqumo zezokunakekela impilo yendawo kungezinye zezindlela ezinamandla kakhulu zokuthuthukisa imiphumela empilweni.