Isingeniso

Amanzi ahlanzekile awumcebo olinganiselwe ngaphansi kokucindezela okukhulayo okubangelwa ukwanda kwenani labantu, ukwanda kwezezimboni, nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Imikhankaso yokulondoloza amanzi iye yaba isisekelo semizamo yokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwemali nokuthuthukisa imikhuba eqinile phakathi kwemikhaya, amabhizinisi, nezinhlangano. Nokho, ukwenza umkhankaso kuyingxenye yesilinganiso kuphela yesilinganiso; ukwazi ukuthi kuyasebenza ngempela yini. Ngaphandle kokuhlola kakhulu, izinhlangano zifaka engozini yokuchitha izimali ezilinganiselwe ezizandleni zokushintsha ukuziphatha, kuyilapho zilahlekelwa ithuba lokulinganisela lokho okusebenzayo.

Ukususa umkhankaso wokulondoloza amanzi kudlulela ngalé kokuhlola ukuthi amanzi asetshenziswe ngengqikithi yini. Kuhilela ukuqonda indlela izilaleli ezihlukene ezasabela ngayo, imingcele evimbela ushintsho olujulile, nokuthi iziphi izimali ezigcinwe ngaphandle kwejubane lokuqala. Lesi sihloko siveza isihluthulelo, izindlela, nezinselele ezichaza ukuhlolwa okuphumelelayo, kanye namasu asebenzayo okwenza umkhankaso wakho olandelayo usebenziseke futhi uphumelele ngokwengeziwe.

Kusukela e-American Southwest kuya emaphandleni ase-Australia, amadolobha namanzi asebenza ngokusetshenziswa kwe-athom aphendukela ekuhloleni ukwaziswa ukuze athethelele ukutshala imali nokulungisa ukufinyelela kwabo. Ngokugxila kulokho okungalinganiswa futhi kufundwe yilokho okungenakukwazi, abaphathi bemikhankaso bangakha indlela yokulungisa ethuthukisa imiphumela kancane kancane.

Izindlela Eziyinhloko Zokuhlola

Ukuze kutholakale ukuthi umkhankaso wokulondoloza amanzi uyaphumelela yini, abahloli bavame ukuthola isilinganiso esincane semigqa.

Ukusetshenziswa Kwamanzi Ekunciphiseni Uketshezi

Isibonakaliso esiqondile kakhulu ukwehla okunganqamukiyo ekusetshenzisweni kwamanzi phakathi kwabantu abahlosiwe. Lokhu kubalwa ngokuqhathanisa ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi agelezayo ngaphambi, phakathi, nangemva komkhankaso, ngokufanelekile ngokumelene neqembu elilawulayo elingatholanga ukungenela. Ama-Recussis angabikwa ngemisho ephelele (ama-galoni noma ama-litrons alondoloziwe) noma umnikazi ngamunye. Ngokwesibonelo, umkhankaso okhuthaza isomiso esihamba phambili esizalweni esihamba phambili ungakhomba ukuhla kwenani elingu 20% emanzini angaphandle asetshenziswa ezinyangeni ezingu-12. Ukuhlola okungantengiselwa okunga okungakhokhwa kwemishi yemininingwane noma ukufundwa kwemitako ehlakaniphile.

Ukuqaphela Umphakathi

Ngisho noma ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi kungashintshwe ngokushesha, umkhankaso okhulisa ukuqapha ubeka isisekelo sesikhathi esizayo esishintsha-shintshayo. Ukwaziswa kulinganiswa ngokuhlola okuhlola ulwazi lwezindaba zokuswelakala kwamanzi, imikhankaso, noma imisebenzi ethile yokulondolozwa kwamanzi. Imibuzo ingase ibuze ababuzwayo ukuthi bazi kanjani ukuthi bayakwazi ukuvuza noma yiziphi izikhathi zosuku ezingcono kakhulu ekuniseleni amanzi. Ukwanda okukhulu kwezimpendulo eziqondile kubonisa ukuthi okuqukethwe yimfundo kuyaphela. [[FLT: 0] Surveys futhi zingathatha izigijimi zemikhankankazo yomkhankaso, iziqu, izinkozo, noma izenzakalo.

Ukushintsha Kokuziphatha

Ukwazi ukuqaphela kukodwa akuvamile ukusindisa amanzi; ukushintsha kokuziphatha yibhuloho. Ama-metric kule ngxenye izenzo ezithile ezinjengokwenza izidleke ezimfushane, ukusebenza imithwalo egcwele yezingubo, ukulungisa ama-faucet aconsekayo, noma ukunciphisa ukuphindeka komchamo wesiphuzo. Lokhu kungabanjwa ngokuhlola ngokwakho (umz., “kangaki umpompela umthetho wakho?” noma ukuhlola (umz., izimpawu zesikhathi sokunika amanzi enkanyezini). Ezinye izisetshenziswa zemishini ezihlakaniphile ekhaya ukuqondisa isikhathi sokunandisa imvula noma amaza. Isihluthulelo siwukuhlukanisa [[FLT:] ] [FLT] [FL: action [FF:]][FM][FM][FM]

Izinga Lokuhlanganyela

Imikhankaso enikeza amashabhu, amabhukwana, noma izinselele zidinga ukuthola ukuthi bangaki abantu abahlanganyela ngokoqobo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuba khona ezinsukwini zomphakathi, ukuthatha izimpawu zokuhlola amanzi ekhaya, ukukhulula inzuzo ye-rebate enikezwayo yezinhlelo ezisebenzayo, noma ukubhalisa ezihlelwa ngezinhlu zezinhlelo. Ukuthatha iqhaza elikhulu kusikisela ukuthi umkhankaso wokuthumela imiyalezo nezindlela zokuhambisa imidlalo kuyakhanga. Kodwa ukuhlanganyela kukodwa akunele; kumelwe kuhlanganiswe nemali egciniwe yamanzi [ ukuze kubonakale ukuthi iyaphumelela. Ngokwesibonelo, uhlelo oluhambisa amapayipile angaphansi ayizi - 10 000 egelejini lokugeza amanzi kufanele futhi kulinganise ukuncitshiswa okuvela okuvelayo.

Umphumela Wesikhathi Eside

Ukulondoloza amanzi akuwona umzamo owodwa owenziwe ngesivinini. Ukuziphatha “kuboshelwe” — lapho imali incibilika khona esikhathini i-—is, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokuphelelwa kwezisusa noma ukunaka. Ukuphuma esikhathini eside kudinga ukulandelela ama-million afanayo izinyanga noma iminyaka ngemva komkhankaso uphelile. Ingabe amachashaza aphansi asesekile? Ingabe imikhaya iyaqhubeka iphuzisa amanzi kabili kuphela? Izifundo zesimiso somkhakhakha noma ukuphinda izibalo zingambula ukuthi imikhuba emishana ehlala njalo yini. [[FLT:] [FLT]] [FLD:1] ayiwona bufakazi obuphelele benani lomkhankaso wangempela.

Izindlela Zokuhlola

Indlela yokusebenzisa imali, ukwaziswa okutholakalayo nokujula kokuqonda okudingekayo ixhomeke emakheni nasendleleni yokusebenzisa imali.

Imininingwane Yesilinganiso Samanzi

Ukufunda isilinganiso kuseyindinganiso yegolide ekulinganiseni ukuncishiswa kokusebenzisa. Amamitha amaningi anamuhla “amanqampu,” anikeza ukwaziswa okusetshenziswayo ngehora noma nsuku zonke okungaqhathaniswa nenkathi ye-baseline. Ama-alytic aphambili angabona ngisho nokulungisa i-omalie enjevuzayo noma izilinganiso ezingavamile. Ukuhlola, kubaluleke kakhulu ukulawula ukuhlukahluka kwenkathi yonyaka nesimo sezulu: i-firvewa ingagcwalisa amanzi asetshenziswayo kanye nemiphumela yokufihla imbobo. ukulungiswa kobuphini obufana nomehluko-ku-kungalinganiyo noma ukuphinde kusetshenziswe kusize ekukhipheni umnikelo womkhankaso.

Ukuhlola Nemibuzo

Ukuhlola kubaluleke kakhulu ekulinganiseni ukuqapha, isimo sengqondo, nokuzibika. Ama-Online compal, izingxoxo zocingo, noma amafomu ephepha asakazwa ezikhungweni zomphakathi kungaveza konke ukwaziswa okuwusizo. Ukushintsha komkhondo, ukuhlola okufanayo kufanele kunikezwe ngaphambi nangemva komkhankaso. Isibonelo esingajwayelekile[[ siqinisekisa ukumela, futhi umklamo omuhle wokuhlola ugwema imibuzo eholela phambili. Ngokwesibonelo, kunokuba ubuze ukuthi “Uye wanciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi?” (Ikuphi okungakhathazekisa impendulo ejabulisayo), buzwe ukuthi “Esontweni elidlule, uphuzile umthetho wakho?" Landela ukuhlola okunezinhlolo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kamuva.

Ukuhlola Ukubuka

Ngezinye izikhathi lokho abantu abathi akwenzeki. Ukuhlola okuqondile — njengokuhamba komakhelwane ekuseni ukubona ufafaza u-fashmater osetshenziswa noma ukuhlolwa kwe-xeriscase — ukunikeza ukwaziswa okuneqiniso. Izinhlelo ze-cell nezakhamuzi zesayensi zingalinganisa ukuqashelwa kwezisebenzi zokuzithandela zomphakathi ezibhalisela ukubhalisa. Izinhlelo ziwusizo kakhulu ekusebenziseni amanzi endlini [[[FLT:], ngokuvamile okubangela ukuba kube ngu-50% noma ngaphezulu kokusetshenziswa kwezindawo eziwugwadule.

Ukuhlanganyela Nokuhlanganyela

Izenzakalo zesibonakaliso, ama-logi afakiwe, kanye newebhusayithi ye-analytics (umz., chofoza ku-“amakhasi angaphezulu”) kusiza ekuhlanganiseni ukuthembisana. Emikhankasweni yolimi, njengamazinga e-imeyili avulekile, imicimbi yezokuxhumana ehlanganyela, nesikhathi esichithwa kumavidiyo emfundo yezemfundo sinikeza amavoti avote abonisa ukuthi okuqukethwe yimali ephuma kahle kangakanani. Nokho, ukuthembisana akuqinisekisi ithonya; ividiyo yegciwane lingafinyelela izigidi kodwa lingase lithathe isinyathelo esincane. [ i-data edinga ukuficelwa i-imeyili ye-imeyili, ihlanganyela ekusebenziseni ukwaziswa okungena emanzini kwezembulo kwembula ukuthi yimiphi imisebenzi engokoqobo ehlanganisa ukugcinwa.

Ukuhlola Icala Nezindlela Zokusungula

Izinombolo zilandisa ingxenye yendaba kuphela. Izingxoxo eziphambili namaqembu angathola ukuthi kungani umkhankaso usebenze noma uhlulekile. Ngokwesibonelo, izakhamuzi zingavuma ukuthi azinandaba nezigingqi zamasango ngoba zazifana kakhulu, noma ukuthi ucingo olunobungane oluvela kumakhelwane lwazikholisa ukuba zifake imigqomo yemvula. Ukuqonda okunezelwe kuyasiza ekucwengisiseni ukudlulisa imiyalezo nokuhlasela kwemizamo yesikhathi esizayo. Ukubhala indaba yempumelelo eyodwa i-— njengenhlangano yasekhaya eyanciphisa i-parrowing ngezinselele zomphakathi i-— futhi kusebenza njengendabu enamandla yeminyango yemali.

Izinselele Ekuhloleni

Ngisho noma benamasu alinganiselayo, abahloli babhekana nezithiyo eziphikelelayo ezingase zibhuntshise imiphumela.

Ukunemba Nokungaguquguquki

Ukungalingani kwesilinganiso, imijikelezo yokunikeza izingcabo engavumelani nenkathi yomkhankaso, noma ukulahleka kwemininingwane yezakhiwo zokuqasha ingaqala umsindo. Ukuhlolwa kokwaziswa okubikwayo kubangelwa ubandlululo lwezenhlalo nenkumbulo eyiphutha. Ukubhekisa kulokhu, ukunqamqela imithombo eminingi: qhathanisa izikhathi zokugeza ezizibikayo nemininingwane yemitha elihlakaniphile, noma ukubala iqoqo elincane lemibhoshongo ebhaliwe. imithetho esemthethweni esemthethweni ye-data kanye nokuhlanza kuncishisiwe izikhathi zokuhlola.

Iminikelo

Uhlukanisa umphumela womkhankaso namanye amathonya — njengokuhlanganisa imithombo yezindaba yesomiso, izinga lokunyuka, noma izimpawu ezintsha zokwakha ezithi —is kunzima kakhulu. Ukulingwa okungalawulekiyo (RCT) kuyindinganiso yegolide kodwa ngokuvamile kungokokungaqondakali kwezezombangazwe noma okungaqondakali. Amasuyatha angathi ahambelana namaqembu aqhathaniswe noma ukuphehlwa kwesikhathi okulandelanayo kunganikeza izilinganiso eziqinisekile uma kungenakwenzeka. [[FLT: 0] i-activeism yemibhalo eshicile [ yezehlakalo zangaphandle phakathi nesikhathi somkhankaso isiza ukuzwa kwemiciciswana ezicini.

Ukulandelela ingobo yomlando olandelanayo

Ukusekela ukuhlolwa iminyaka eminingi kudinga ukuxhaswa ngokuqhubekayo kwezimali kanye nokuzibopha komphakathi. Ukushintsha kwezakhiwo zezakhiwo, noma ukushintsha izinto eziza kuqala kumkhankaso kungaphazamisa ukuhlola isikhathi eside. Elinye ikhambi ukuhlobanisa inqubo esebenzayo: ngokwesibonelo, ukuhlanganisa imininingwane yemitha namarekhodi athembise amakhasimende esimisweni sokwaziswa. Izinhlangano zezemfundo [ namayunivesithi noma amaqembu okucwaninga angaphumeleli nzuzo kunganikeza futhi ukuqhubeka okudingekayo ezifundweni zezindawo ezinde.

Ukuhlanganyela Nomfanekiso Womphakathi

Izindawo ezingenisa abantu ngokunzima i-— izigebengu ezingenisa imali, iziqasheli, izilimi ezingezona ezezilimi ezi-— zivame ukuvezwa kaningi ekuhloleni nasemininingwaneni yokuhlanganyela, kodwa zingathola kakhulu kuzinhlelo zokuvikela. Amasu okufinyelela aklanyelwe ngokukhethekile ukuhlanganisa lamaqembu, njengokuhlohlwa kweminyango yendlu ngeminyango eminingi noma ukuhlangana nezinhlangano zomphakathi, ukuthuthukisa ukuphelela kolwazi. [[FLT: 0] ukuhlolwa okusekelwe ngokwezimiso zokuvikela. kuqinisekisa ukuthi impumelelo ilinganiselwa kuzo zonke izingxenye zomphakathi.

Indima Yobuchwepheshe Ekuhlolweni Kwanamuhla

Intuthuko ekuqoqweni kokwaziswa nokuhlaziywa kwezincwadi ithuthukisa indlela imikhankaso yokulondoloza imvelo ehlolwa ngayo.

Isilinganiso Samanzi Ahlakaniphile

Amamitha ahlakaniphile adlulisa ukwaziswa okusetshenziswayo ngokuphindwe kakhulu, avumela abahloli ukuba baqaphele ukusabela okusheshayo emikhankasweni. Ngokwesibonelo, ngemva kokuthumela umbiko osebenza nge-octive, isisebenzi singabona ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwendlu kwehla yini ngosuku olulandelayo. Lokhu kuvula umnyango oya ku- digid disc [, lapho amasu ahlolwa futhi acwe. Imininingwane yemitha yenza futhi ikwazi ukukhipha i-agncustom ngaphakathi nangaphandle, inikeza isithombe esiqinile sokushintsha ukuziphatha.

Isayensi Yokuhlola Nokufunda Ngemishini

Izibonelo zezifundo zemishini zingaveza izindlela zokusebenzisa ukwaziswa abahlaziyi babantu abangase balahlekelwe. Imithetho-mthetho ingathatha amafulege ama-relage afuna ukusabela kumyalezo othile, noma iziphi izinyathelo zokuvikela (umzk., abalawuli bewashi nge-v. abanikazi be-autorth) baveza ibhange elikhulu kakhulu lamakhasimende athile. Nakuba lamathuluzi edinga ulwazi lobuchwepheshe, asuke eseyatholakala kakhulu phakathi kwemitafuthetho futhi asekela izinkonzo ze-alytics.

Ukuhlola Ngemishini Nokulalela Imithombo Yezindaba

Kunokuhlola kocingo okubizayo, okhiqizwayo bathumela izikhangiso ezimfushane ze-SMS noma ama-imeyili abuza imibuzo efinyelela abathengi ngokwesilinganiso. Ukuhlola kwezezokuxhumana kunikeza umuzwa wangempela wemizwa yomphakathi futhi kungaveza ukusakazeka kwemiyalezo yomkhankaso. Nokho, ukukhathazeka ngezindaba zomuntu siqu nezimiso zesikhulumi kudinga ukusingathwa ngokucophelela. ukuhlangana nemishini egcina ulwazi lwamakhasi [ kuvumela ukuhlanganisa izibalo zobuchwepheshe ezixhunyanisa nokwaziswa okungokoqobo kombono wobucuphini.

Ukuhlola Izifo Ngokuphumelelayo

Izibonelo zezwe zangempela zibonisa indlela ukuhlaziya okuhluzekile okufeza ngayo imiphumela engcono.

eNingizimu yeCalifornia, iMetropolitan Water District isebenzisa uvivinyo olulawulwa ngokungenazimiso ukuze ihlole ukuphumelela kokusebenzisa amanzi ekhaya ukuqhathanisa imibiko eveza ukulingana kwezenhlalo (njenge Opower’s mode). Ukuhlola kwathola ukuthi imikhaya ithola imibiko encitshisiwe ngesilinganiso se 6% uma iqhathaniswa neqembu labalawuli, kanye nokugcinwa kwemali egciniwe iminyaka eminingi. Ukuhlola kokwaziswa okuqinisekisa abaxhasi bezimali ukuba bandise uhlelo, ekugcineni bagcine izigidi zezigidi zemalitha. Imininingwane eminingi ikhona kusuka kuhlelo eManzi] eManzi e-EPASE, okusekela ubufakazi obusekela ukulondoloza indawo yokuhlala.

Ku Melbourne, Australia, phakathi nesomiso esikhulu, umkhankaso wedolobha “iMathikithi 155” wamisa umgomo wokusebenzisa ipetrolitha yonyaka nge-155. Ukuhlolwa kwancike emniningo yemitha kanye nokuhlolwa kwezikhathi ezithile. Lomkhankaso wafinyelela ukuncitshiswa kwesilinganiso se 30%, ngokuhlola okubonisa ukuthi inhlanganisela yento eqondile, isiqinisekiso sasikhathi sonke, nesivumelwano somphakathi kwakunzima. Izifundo ezivela eMelbourney zibhalwe empahleni yemithombo yamanzi [[[FLT:]] World Bank, ebala umkhankaso njengebhandek eshintsha ukuziphatha okukhulu.

Imikhuba Emihle Kakhulu Yokuhlola Okuphumelelayo

Ukuze bagweme izingibe ezivamile futhi bandise imfundo yabo, abaphathi bemikhankaso kufanele bahlole umklamo wabo wohlelo kusukela kolunye usuku.

Ukusungula Imininingwane Ye - Baseline Kushesha

Ngaphandle kokwazi ukuthi waqalaphi, awunakukwazi ukulinganisela ushintsho. Hlanganisa okungenani izinyanga eziyi-12 zamanzi angaphambi kwe-campaign usebenzisa ukwaziswa, kanye nokuhlolwa kolwazi nokuziphatha okusesisekelweni. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuba ulawule izinqubo ezikhona ngaphambi kokuba ufike.

Hlanganisa Iqembu Elilawulayo Noma Eliziqhathanisayo

Uma kungenzeka, hlela ukuthi iziphi izindawo ezizothathwa yi-octal. Uma kungenakwenzeka, sebenzisa izibalo ezilinganayo ukuze wenze into eqinisekile.

Hlela Ukulandela Isikhathi Eside

Sebenzisa uhlelo lokuhlola okulandelayo okungenani kanye ezinyangeni ezingu-6-12 ngemva kokuphela komkhankaso. Lokhu kwembula ukuthi imali elondolozwe ekuqaleni igcinwe noma inciphe. Cabangela ukushayela isilinganiso esincane “ukuhlolwa kokuphikelela” ukuhlola ukulinganiswa ngaphambi kokukalisha.

Hlanganisa Izindlela Zokuhlanganisa Izakhi Nezokuhlanganisa

Inani libonisa ukuthi kwenzekani; izingxoxo namaqembu achaza ukuthi kungani. Ukusondela kwemizwa exubile kunikeza ukuqonda okujulile futhi kusiza ekulungiseni imikhankaso yesikhathi esizayo. Ngokwesibonelo, uma imali egciniwe yamanzi ingaphansi kwento efunwayo, ukucwaninga okungaveza ukuthi izakhamuzi zithola ukuziphatha okutuswayo kuphazamisa kakhulu.

Isiphetho

Ukuhlola okuphumelelayo kuguqula imikhankaso yokulondoloza amanzi esuka ekuqageleni ibe amasu asekelwe kubufakazi. Ngokulandela indlela eyiyo yokulinganisela i-millins — ukucutha, ukuqaphela, ukushintsha kokuziphatha, ukuhlanganyela, kanye nethonya lesikhathi eside elithatha isikhathi eside, futhi ukusebenzisa izindlela ezihlukahlukene kusukela kumamitha ahlakaniphile kuya engxoxweni ebanzi, izinhlangano zingabonisa ukubuya ekubekeleni imali futhi zithuthukise ukufinyelela kwazo. Izinselele ezifana nokuthatha imingcele nenkathi ende zikhona kodwa zincishiswa ngezindlela eziqondile nangezindlela ezifanele.

Njengoba ukucindezeleka kwamanzi kwanda emhlabeni wonke, ukucindezela kokunciphisa wonke amanani kuyokhula.Imikhankaso ethatha isilinganiso esiqinile ngeke nje igcine amanzi amaningi kodwa futhi iyokwakha ukuthemba nokwethenjelwa okudingekayo emphakathini ezimisweni ezibanzi zokulondoloza imvelo. Ikusasa lobuphathi bamanzi lixhomeke ekufundeni ukuthi iziphi izinto ezisebenzayo, ukuhlanganyela izifundo, nokuthuthukisa impumelelo ezindaweni ezithile.