Ukuqonda Ubuhlobo Obuyinkimbinkimbi Phakathi Kwamapacco Angaxhunyiwe Nemali Emnyama Kukhetho LwaseU.S.

Isimiso sezezimali saseMelika siyinqwaba yemithetho, izikhala, nezinhlangano ezixubene ezivame ukufihla imithombo yeqiniso yezezimali zezombangazwe. Phakathi kwempikiswano enkulu kakhulu kukhona amaKomiti asebenza ngokwezombangazwe (PACs) kanye nemikhankaso yemali efihlekile [ evimbelayo . Nakuba ngalinye lisebenza ngaphansi kwemikhankambi eqinile engokomthetho, ivula indlela yalo eqinile yokusebenzisa leyo miklamo, isimiso, isimiso, nenkulumo yeningi. Kubafundisi, abafundi, nabafundi, beqonda indlela le mikhosi emibili ehambisana ngayo nokuqondana okubalulekile ekuqondeni ithonya lezombangazwe nokulwa kwezentengosi yezentengo yeze yezentengo yezentengo yeze yezentengo.

Lesi sihloko sinikeza ukuhlolwa okubanzi kwama-PAC nemali emnyama, sihlola izincazelo zazo, ukuziphendukela kwemvelo okungokomthetho, izindlela zokuhlangana kwemigwaqo, nemiphumela yentando yeningi yokusetshenziswa kwazo zihlangene. Siqokomisa futhi imizamo yokuguqula futhi sinikeze umbono ongaphambili ngekusasa lokukhanya kwezezimali.

Yiziphi Izincwadi Ezingaxhunyiwe?

Ama-PAC angaxhunyiwe amakomiti ezombangazwe abhaliswe ne-PURCM (Federal Envotion Commission) ephakamisa futhi isebenzise imali ngaphandle kwanoma yimuphi umbhalisa, i-partina yezombangazwe, noma enye inhlangano ehlangene. Ngokungafani ne-PACs engokwesiko eyakhiwe yizinhlangano, izinyunyana zezisebenzi, noma amaqembu ezohwebo, futhi elinganiselwe ukuthi angacela kuphi i-PAC ehlangeneyo ikhululekile ukuphakamisa imali kunoma imuphi umuntu noma iqembu ngaphandle kokuboshelwa nomxhasi othile.

Le -PAC ingazenza izindleko ezizimele (umz., izikhangiso ezisekela noma eziphikisayo) futhi inikele ngokuqondile kubazo, ngaphansi kwemingcele kahulumeni. Ngo-2024, i-PAC engaxhunyiwe inganikezela kuR3 000 kukhetho lwekomiti yomfundi futhi ifinyelele ku-Cs 5 000 ngonyaka ekomitini yesizwe. Nokho, amandla awo azimele atholakala ngokungenamkhawulo, ngokuvamile nge i-PCS, enguhlobo oluncane lwe-PACS e-PAC engekho mdlalweni oxhumaniswe nonganyusa futhi achithe izinombolo zemali ezingalinganiswangalingani namagama engeziwe uma nje bengahlangani nababekiwe.

Ukwanda kwe-PACs okungaxhunyiwe kunyaka ka-1970 nezinguquko zangemva kweWatergate, kodwa amanani azo aqhuma ngemva kwesinqumo seNkantolo Ephakeme yase-U.S. ngo-2010 ] iCitaisens United v. FEC kanye nezinkulungwane ze-D.C ezilandelayo zibusa SSpech.org v.FEC, eziphakamisa imingcele yomnikelo ye-equality-enditure-enture. Namuhla, izinkulungwane ze-PAC ezingekho ezixhumayo zisebenza ezweni, ukuchithwa kwezigidi zezigidi zezigidi zezigidi zezigidi zemali yomjikelezo hlelo.

Ama-PAC angaxhunyiwe avame ukugxila engxabanweni yokungavumelani nemibono, imikhankaso yemibono, noma ukusekela isikweleti sabafundi abavumelana nemibono yabo. Bangaphikisana kakhulu − njenge-PAC enikezelwe amalungelo okudubula, isenzo sendawo ezungezile, noma inguquko yezempilo esekelwe kakhulu, njengalabo abamelela izinxulumano zezebhizinisi noma izinhlangothi ezihlangene zemibono. Ngenxa yokuthi abahlangene nonoma yimuphi umbhanqwanqi, bajabulela ukuvumelana ngokwengeziwe ekuthumeleni imiyalezo futhi bangahlanganyela “ekucindezeleni ngokungemthetho owenziwa yi-ivoccoracy” (ngokunye ngokukhuthaza ukuvota noma ukumelana nomlandeli) noma“ bakhuthaza ukuvotela ngemizwa kwezentengo yeze yezentengiselwano yeze”.

umehluko oyinhloko: I-PAC engaxhunyiwe kumele ibhalise ne-FEC, amafayela imibiko yendabuko enikeza iminikelo enikeza imali engaphezu kuka-R3, futhi ihambisane nesilinganiso somnikelo sokunikeza ngokuqondile. Lokhu kwakha izinga lokukhanya(kodwa kodwa njengoba sizobona, ukuthi ukukhanya kungancitshiswa uma le -PAC ixhumana nezinhlangano zemali ezimnyama.

Ukuqonda Imikhankaso Yemali Emnyama

“ Imali eyi-Dark” ibhekisela ekuchithweni kwezinhlangano zezombangazwe ezingadingeki ngokomthetho ukuze zembule abanikeli bazo. Igama ngokuvamile lisebenza ekusebenziseni 501 (c)(4) izinhlangano zezenhlalakahle yezenhlalo[, [[FLT:]501] [6] [6] izinxulumani zezokuhwebelana [[[FLT]] [[FLT]]] [[FLT]]] [6] [6] [6] [6] [6] [6] [iiiingxenye engu-awuthi eqinile] emisebenzi yezombangazwe, kuhlanganise nokuvota, ngisho nokuzikhokhelo okuzisebenzela, njengoba kungenziwa injongo yazo enkulu.

Umehluko oyinhloko ngokomthetho uwukuthi ama-501(c)(4) nama-501(c)(6) awadingeki ukuba abike obala abanikeleyo ngaphansi kwemithetho ye- Internal Revenue Service (IRS), futhi akhululwe kakhulu ezidingweni ze-FECP ukuze asebenzise ezinye izindlela. Lokhu kuvumela abantu ngabanye, izinkampani, nezinyunyana ukuba bathumele imali ngalezi zinhlangano ngaphandle kokuba zambulelwe umphakathi. Umphumela uyisikhukhula semali “engaziwa” esimisweni sezombangazwe.

Imali echithwayo ikhule ngokuphawulekayo kusukela i-Citizens United. Ngokwe- OpenSET [, imali emnyama elinganiselwa cishe ku-R1 000 000 000 000 kukhetho lukahulumeni phakathi nomjikelezo wama 2020, ne 501(c) ukuba yizimoto eziyinhloko. Lamaqembu avame ukusebenzisa izikhangiso ezikhankaza amagama noma axoxe ngemithetho, kodwa ngenxa yokuyeka ukuchaza okucacile “ivote” yolimi (igama elibizwa ngokuthi“isigalelo-20201), angagwema ukushumayeza izimfuneko ze-FECC.

Esinye isibonelo esidumile ukusetshenziswa ko kwamaqembu emali emnyama akha futhi ancibilike ngemva kokhetho olulodwa, ashiya umkhondo omncane wemithombo yawo yezimali. Amaqembu avame ukuhlanganyela amakheli, amalungu ebhodi, nezisebenzi nezinye izinto ezifiphele, ukwakha ulwembu lwezinhlangano ezihlangeneyo olususa ithonya elingachazwanga.

IQUMENTI libalulekile:[ Akuyona yonke imali emnyama engekho emthethweni. Imithetho elawula ukwambulwa kwezombangazwe iyisici esinemigoqo, futhi izinhlangano eziningi zisebenza phakathi kwemingcele engokomthetho ekhona. Inkinga akuwona amaqembu ngokwawo, kodwa izikhala ezibonisa ukuthi imali eningi ithonya amavoti ngokungaziwa.

Indlela Okungahlangana Ngayo: Indlela Ama - pacco Angaxhunyiwe Aba Ngayo Imali Emnyama

Ukuhlangana kwe-PACs kanye nemikhankaso yemali engaxhunyiwe kulapho ukufiphala kwezimali zomkhankaso kujule khona. I-PACs − ikakhulukazi i-PCS Enkulu − ingathola khona iminikelo engenamkhawulo evela ezinhlanganweni, ezinyunyana, nabantu ngabanye. Nakuba i-PCCs kumele yambule abanikeli bayo, kunendiva ephawulekayo: bangathola imali evela ku 501(c)(4)() namanye amaqembu emali amnyama, angazidaluli ezawo iminikelo yabo siqu. Lokhu kwaziwa ngokuthi imali edlula-kudluleni” noma [[FLT:] [FLD].[FLD]

Ngokwesibonelo, umninindlu ocebile ofisa ukuthonya okhethweni ngokungaziwa anganika i-dollar yezigidi ezingu-501(c)(4). Lenhlangano, ngaphansi kwenhlala - kahle yezenhlalo, khona - ke inikela isigidi esifanayo sika-R2, 000 ephepheni le-PUS PC elingax. Umbiko we-PUC’option uzonikeza u-501(c) (4) njengomninindlu othembekile. Ngakho, i-PUPC iveza imithetho egunyaza ukudluliswa kwemivubukulo, kuyilapho i-Super PaC ingekho i-mmouse i-precurediography i-secunt i-'ufix i-'unicelder.

Lomkhuba usakazeke kakhulu. Ukucwaninga kwe-Brennan Center yeJaji kwathola ukuthi eziningi zezikhulu ezinkulu kakhulu ze-PAC zithola imali ephuma emithonjeni emnyama. Phakathi nama-20222, amaPUI amakhulu amabili amakhulu eqembu ngalinye .[[FLT] [[2] [FLT] [FLT]] [[FORT:3] [Republican] [[FLT]]] kanye [[FLT]] ne-Sanetate Motal PC[FLD[F:5] [D] [idemocratic]] (Democratic]) [ose] [obho kanye namashumi ezigidi zemali emnyama.

Enye i-PACS yenza lapho i- ingena [i-“issue advocation” engahlukaniswe nokuveza i-advocacy. A 501(c)(4) ingasebenzisa izikhangiso ezihlasela irekhodi lomfundi, kuyilapho i-PAC exhunyiwe ekhuthaza ukuphikisana. Ngenxa yokuthi i-501(c)(4) ayisho ngokucacile ukuthi “i-vote iphikisana,” igwema ukuveza i-projekthi ehlangene ingumkhankaso wokuhlanganisa owenziwa ngokushelela ukuvoncisa.

Imithetho yokumisa ivame ukucashunwa njengendawo yokucima umlilo emelene nokubambisana okuqondile, kodwa ngokwesiko, ababesebenza, abadayisi, abathengisayo, namabhodi ahlangeneyo afiphaza umugqa. I-FEC ayivamile ukuphishekela izenzo zokuphoqelela ukugcinwa kwemithetho esemthethweni yokubambisana, ishiya indawo empunga kakhulu lapho ama-PAC kanye namaqembu emali amnyama esebenza khona ngaphandle kwezivumelwano ezingokomthetho.

Ngezinye izikhathi, abantu abafanayo balawula kokubili i-501(c)(4) kanye ne-PAC engaxhunyiwe. Ngokwesibonelo, i-pastiki ethile ingathola iqembu lemali emnyama ukuze icele imali engaziwa ne-PC engayichitha. Lezi zinhlangano ezimbili zihlanganyela indawo yehhovisi, izisebenzi, necebo, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi zihlukene ngokomthetho, umthetho uziphatha ngendlela ehlukile. Leli lungiselelo lindisa ikhono lokufaka imali engafihliwe kuyi-PAC kuyilapho zigcina intembethe yokulalela.

Kunezibonelo eziningi zezwe. AmaMelika eHlolwano lwe-Usperity, exhaswe yiKoch bazalwane, ahlanganisa 501(c)(4) nekhulu elixhumayo, avumela ukungabekeki nengabekezelelwa. Ngokufanayo, [[FLT:]] u-USAP [FLT]] [[FLT]] [[FLT]] [[FLT]] [i-DEmoc PAC] [indlela yedemocratic P [4] ne-[FLT] Amagerive engax Transformation Transreaised Transreader [a1])] (ac))) ahlanganyela umholi nokusekela. Lezi zimo ezisebenza ngokwendlela ezikhona.

Izinselele Ezingokomthetho Nezokuqondisa

Isimiso sokuqondisa samanje asihlonyiselwe kahle ukusingatha ukuhlangana kwezindawo ze-PAC nemali emnyama. I-FEC iboshwe yi-death lock exhulufication, futhi abakhomishane abakwazi ukuvumelana ngezenzo zokuphoqelela. I-IRS, engameleli 501(c)(4) ukuvuma, iye yalinganiselwa kakhulu ngokugawulwa kwemali nangokungenela kwezombangazwe, cishe ikhawulela ukuncintiswa kwemisebenzi yezezombangazwe ngamaqembu enhlalakahle.

Imibuzo eminingana eyisihluthulelo engokomthetho ayikaxazululwa:

  • Ukwambulwa kuka 501(c)(4). Nakuba i-IRS ifuna ukuba lezinhlangano zibike abanikeli ngezindlela zentela eziyimfihlo, akwenzeki lokho kwaziswa kube umphakathi. Imizamo yokugunyaza ukuthululwa komphakathi igcinwe eSivumelwaneni.
  • Imithetho yokuhlela phakathi kwe-PACs namaqembu emali angekho. Incazelo ye-FEC ye-“ukuxhumana okuxhunyiwe” incane futhi ngokuvamile ihluleka ukuthatha ubuqiniso bemisebenzi kanye namasu ahlangene.
  • Iposi-Izikhombisi ze-United jurispuldence. Izinkantolo ngokuvamile ziye zabheka ukusetshenziswa kwemali kwezombangazwe njengokuvikelekile, ngisho noma kuvela emithonjeni engaziwa. Ukubusa kweNkantolo Ephakeme ngo-2014 Mccheon v. FEC yalula ngokwengeziwe imikhawulo yomnikelo, yandisa ngokungaqondile indima ye-PACs engaxhunyiweyo.
  • Izindlela zokuvula imvume ze- “izikhangiso ezikhangisayo” lezo ezibizwa ngamagama. Ngaphansi komthetho wamanje, kuphela izikhangiso ezisebenzisa amagama aqondile "amazwi” (umk., “zikhankanye,”” ziveza imvunulo egcwele. Ama-ad axoxa ngerekhodi lomfundi ngaphandle kwalawomagama akhululeke kakhulu, ngisho noma inhloso ihlelwe kahle.

Ezinye izifundazwe ziye zangenela lapho uhulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni ungazange. Ngokwesibonelo, iCalifornia, iNew York, ne-Illinois ziye zamisa imithetho eqinile yokuveza amaqembu amnyama emali asebenza okhethweni lukahulumeni. Nokho, umthetho kahulumeni uvala imithetho kahulumeni yemikhankaso kahulumeni, ngakho lemizamo isebenza endaweni kuphela. Imithetho ehlukahlukene yenza inkundla yokudlala engalingani futhi ivumela amaqembu e-savvy ukuba axhase amagunya abuthakathaka kakhulu.

Enye inselele ukuphakama kwezinhlangano zezenhlalakahle yezenhlalo” ezisebenza njengemishini yezombangazwe. Indinganiso ye-IRS ka-501(c)(4) iwukuthi izinhlangano kumelwe “zihileleke ngokusemthethweni” ekuthuthukiseni inhlalakahle yezenhlalo, hhayi ezombangazwe. Ngokwezwi lenqubo, amaqembu amaningi achitha imali engaphezulu kwesigamu semisebenzi yawo yezombangazwe futhi awabhekeni namiphumela. Ukuntula kwe-IRS i-impatho yenjongo ye-irzisekeli kuguqulele ukuhlolwa kwenjongo eyinhloko ekubeni incwadi engasasebenzi.

Ukufuna Intando Yeningi

Ukwanda kwe-PACs engaxhunyiwe nemali emnyama kunemiphumela emikhulu kuhulumeni wentando yeningi wabameleli. Uma isilinganiso esikhulu sokhetho lwemali olungenamklomelo, izimiso eziningana eziyinhloko zentando yeningi ziyaphela:

  • Ukungavumelani nokuvota okunolwazi. Abashicileli abanakuhlaziya izisusa ezisekukhangisweni kwezombangazwe uma bengamazi ukuthi ubani ozixhasa ngemali. Ukuhlasela okusungulwe kahle kungakhokhelwa umninindlu oyedwa ocebile, isithakazelo sakwamanye amazwe (amazwe avinjelwe ukupha), noma imboni ezama ukwenza buthaka iziqondiso − kodwa ngaphandle kokwembula, abavoti bashiwe bashiywa ebumnyameni.
  • ukukhokha icala kwabaphathi abakhethiwe. Uma isazi sezombangazwe sizuza emalini emnyama, kunzima ngabaxhasi ukwazi ukuthi yisiphi esingase sithakazelele isazi sezombangazwe. Lokhu kubangela ukungathembani futhi kunciphisa ukuthembela kuhulumeni.
  • [ ukulingana komfanekiso. Ikhono lokusebenzisa imali ngokungaziwa lifaka iphimbo labantu abacebe kakhulu nezinkampani, liminyanisa izinkathazo zezakhamuzi ezivamile. Njengoba isazi sesayensi yezombangazwe uMartin Gilens sibonise, inqubo ihambisana kakhulu nokuthanda kwabacebile kunakulokho okuthandwa umphakathi jikelele.
  • Ukuzihlela nethonya. Nakuba kunzima ukufakazela inkohlakalo ekhona ngokuqondile, umbono wokonakala uyalimaza. Amalungu oMkhandlu achitha ingxenye enkulu yesikhathi sawo sokuqoqa, ngokuvamile kuvela kwizimiso zemali ezifanayo ezimnyama ezisekela i-PACs engaxhunyiwe. Lokhu kudala isimiso lapho ukufinyelela kuthengiselwa khona entweni eshibhile kakhulu.

Ukuntuleka kokubona kude futhi kwenza ukuba kungenele ukuphazamisa kwangaphandle. Nakuba amazwe angaphandle enqatshelwe ukunikela kukhetho lwase-U.S., angafaka imali ngamaqembu emali amnyama ngokwenza iminikelo ezinhlanganweni eziqhamile zamagobolondo ezinikela kuma-PAC amakhulu. Uphengululo luye lwembula ukuthi izinhlangano ezizinze kwamanye amazwe ziye zasebenzisa lendlela ukuthonya izigaba nokhetho lwasendaweni.

Imizamo Yokwandisa Ukucaca Nokushintsha

Naphezu kwalezi zinselele, inhlangano eqinile yokuguqula izimali emikhankasweni iyaqhubeka iphokophele ukuba yambule futhi ilandise kakhulu.

  • UMthetho we-DISCLOSE (Umbuso uqiniswa ngokukhanyisa ngokusetshenziswa kwemali e-Ecostations). Okokuqala wethulwa futhi waphinde wabekwa, lomthetho ungadinga zonke izinhlangano ezisebenzisa imali engaphezu kuka-R3 000 kunomjikelezo wokhetho ukuze zambule abanikeli abanikelayo abangaphezu kuka-R1 000. Futhi uyoyala ukuba ama-PAC namaqembu emali emnyama kwembulethe izikhwama zazo ezikhangisweni zazo. Imali iye yadlula iNdluyalo kodwa ibheke i-pinebuster eSigeqeni.
  • [ Iziqondiso nesenzo sokuqondisa. uMongameli Biden wakhipha umyalo wokuqondisa ngo-2021 ukuqondisa izinhlangano zikahulumeni ukuba zihlole ukucaca okukhulu kwezakhiwo zikahulumeni nokusebenzisa imali kukhetho lukahulumeni. I-Secuurities and Exchange Commission (SEC) iye yacabangela ukumiswa kokufuna ukuba izinkampani zomphakathi zithulule izindleko zezombangazwe, nakuba kungekho mthetho wokugcina oye wathathwa.
  • Izinguquko zezinga lesifundazwe. Amazwe anjengeCalifornia, Connecticut, ne-Maryland amise imithetho edinga izinhlangano ezingaphumeli nzuzo ezichitha kukhetho lukahulumeni ukuze kuthulwe abanikeli bazo. Lemithetho iye yabekelwa inselele enkantolo, kodwa eminye iye yasekelwa. Impumelelo yezinguquko zikahulumeni inikeza isibonelo sesenzo sikahulumeni.
  • Izinyathelo ezithatha izinyathelo zomthetho kanye nokucindezela kwezakhamuzi. Izinhlangano ezinjenge openSEts, Brennan Center for Justice [, inikeza ukucwaninga nokufaka i-ligial Center [[ ukuze ibonise iziphakamiso ezimnyama zemali nokusunduza imvume yokugcinwa. Isithakazelo somphakathi ekuboneni obala siye saholela ekuhlanganyeleni iziphakamiso zeze izinkampani ezifuna ukuchithwa kwemali kwezombangazwe.
  • Izinguquko. Abanye abameleli, abaholwa amaqembu anjenge Isithembiso saseMelika, baye babiza ukubuyiselwa komthetho-sisekelo ukuze bagumbuqe [[FLT:]] i-Citazens United futhi baqinisekisa ukuthi imali ayiyona inkulumo.

Indima yemfundo ayinakushiwo ngokweqile. Uma abafundi beqonda ukuthi ama-PAC axhumene nemali emnyama, baba abathengi abanokuqonda okwengeziwe ngokwaziswa kwezombangazwe futhi bahileleke kakhulu ekufuneni izinguquko eziphuthumayo. Izifundo zangemva kwesikole ezihlanganisa izimonyo ezisemalini yomkhankaso, ithonya [le-] i-United, futhi umsebenzi we-PAC uveza u-octivetation ongazifunela izikhulu ukuba ziphendule.

Indlela Engaphambili: Ukuqinisa Ukuvimbela Nokuphoqelela

Ukuze kuvele izinguquko ezinengqondo, kudingeka izinguquko eziningana zokwakha. Okokuqala, uMkhandlu kumelwe ukhiphe umthetho obanzi ovala igebe elivumela 501(c)(4) kanye namanye amaqembu emali amnyama ukuba afihle abanikeli. Kumane nje ufuna ukuba lezinhlangano zembule abanikeli bazo lapho besebenzisa imali ezikhangiswa kwezombangazwe kungaba yinyathelo elikhulu.

Okwesibili, i - FEC kufanele ilungiswe ukuze inqobe ukukhubazeka kwayo kwamanje.

Okwesithathu, i-IRS kumelwe inikezwe ingcebo nesiqondiso emaphoyiseni imisebenzi yezombangazwe yezinhlangano ezikhuculula intela. Ukubuyisela ukuncintisana okuqinile kwamashumi amahlanu1(c)(4) nokususa intela yalabo abaphazamisa ukuhlolwa kwenjongo yokuqala kungakhubaza ukusungulwa kwamaqembu enhlalakahle angenalusizo oluqinile.

Okwesine, izinkantolo kufanele ziphinde zihlole ubukhulu be- quences United . Nakuba isinqumo ngokwaso singahlehliswa ngokushesha, izinkantolo eziphansi zingalinganisela ukufinyelela kwazo ngokufuna ukudalulwa njengesimo sokusebenzisa.] Okuthile iNkantolo Ephakeme ekhuthazwa ngokucacile ngombono wayo.

Okokugcina, abavoti bona ngokwabo bangafuna ukuba abantu babonekale ngokusekela abathembise ukwenqaba imali emnyama nangokusebenzisa amathuluzi afana ne-OpenSecrets “umhloli wamazwe omba egcwele” ukuze alandele imali. Ukucindezela komphakathi kwesakhamuzi esinolwazi luvame ukuba yikona okunamandla kakhulu kokuguqula.

Isiphetho

Ukuhlangana kwezindawo ze-PAC nemikhankaso yemali emnyama kumelela esinye sezici eziyinselele kakhulu zemali yomkhankaso waseMelika. Ngokuklama, le migwaqo ivumela ingcebo ukuba ingene kwezombangazwe ngaphandle kokubona okuncane, ilulaza isimiso sokuthi abavoti kufanele bazi ukuthi ubani ozama ukuthonya ukukhetha kwabo. Kodwa ukuqonda lezi zinqubo kuyisinyathelo sokuqala sokukhuluma nabo.

Othisha banethuba eliyingqayizivele lokuhlomisela isizukulwane esilandelayo ulwazi oludingekayo ukuze sihambe nge-"fulls" futhi ekugcineni sishintshe isimo esiyinkimbinkimbi(-/yilesimo esiyinkimbinkimbi." Ngokufundisa abafundi indlela esebenza ngayo i-PACs, indlela imali edlula ngayo, nendlela iqoqo elimnyama lokusungula ngayo ithonya elinamandla, sikhuthaza ukuqashelwa nokuhlangana kwesizwe. Kumbuso wentando yeningi onempilo, ukubonakala ngokucacile akusona isisekelo sokunethezeka; isisekelo. Ukulwa okuqhubekayo ukukhanyisela amagumbi amnyama emalini yomkhankaso kuyimpi yobuqotho bobuqotho bomuntu siqu uhulumeni ngokwawo.

Ukuze sifunde ngokwengeziwe, situsa ukuhlola imithombo enikezwa i-Facets’s Demart for Moral Money , [[FLT:] Brennan Center’s Money in Politics [, kanye ne-FLT]FEDAL Evolution Commission [[ yemininingwane engokomthetho ye-PACPUPCP] nemibiko ye-Recolution.