Isisekelo Sokuqondisa Komphakathi Okungokwesimiso

Izikhulu zomphakathi ziphethe isikhungo sokubusa kwentando yeningi, zihumushela izinkonzo ezithinta izigidi zabantu. Ukukhetha okwenziwa izikhulu zomphakathi nsuku zonke − ngokuhlela ukuhlelwa kwemali ukuze ziqikelele izinqumo − ziveza imiphumela enzima. Ekungqubaniseni izimiso nomthetho, abaphathi kumelwe bahambe endaweni lapho ukuthobela okungokomthetho kumane kuyisisekelo somthetho, futhi umkhuba wokulawula ufuna okuthile okwengeziwe. Ukuqonda ukuthi lokhu kunamandla kubalulekile kunoma ubani ohilelekile ekubuseni, ekufezeni inqubo yezimiso, noma ukuhola kwezezwe.

Izimiso zokuphatha umphakathi akuyona nje indlela yokugwema ukwenza okubi. Ibhekisele ekuvumeni ukwenza ngesithakazelo somphakathi, ukusekela izindinganiso zentando yeningi, futhi ukulondoloza ukwethemba izakhamuzi ezibekwa ezinhlanganweni zikahulumeni. Ukwethakazela, ukulandisa, nokubona ngawenye [ izinsika inkonzo yomphakathi engokokuziphatha esekelwe kuzo. Ngaphandle kwazo, uhulumeni ulahlekelwa ngokomthetho futhi isivumelwano somphakathi siyantengantenga.

Isisekelo Sokuqondisa Komphakathi Okungokwesimiso

Izimiso zokuziphatha zibhekisela eziqondisweni eziqondisa ukuziphatha kwabantu. Endabeni yokuqondisa umphakathi, lezizimiso ziwumphumela omkhulu ngoba abaphathi banegunya phezu kwemithombo yomphakathi nenhlala - kahle yezakhamuzi. Ukuziphatha kobufundisi kulenkundla kusho ukwenza izinqumo ezilungile, ezilungile, futhi ezivumelana nobuhle bomphakathi, ngisho nalapho kungekho muntu ozibukayo.

I-American Society for Public Administration (ASPA) sekuyisikhathi eside isekela umthetho ogcizelela izindinganiso eziyinhloko zenkonzo yomphakathi. Lezi zihlanganisa ukuthuthukisa isithakazelo somphakathi, ukuhlonipha umthetho, ukubonisa ubuqotho bomuntu siqu, nokuthuthukisa izinhlangano zezimiso zokuziphatha. Imithetho enjalo ayiyona nje inqubo kuphela − inikeza ikhampasi yokuziphatha yokuqondisa izindawo ezimpunga ezivele ngokungenakugwenywa emsebenzini kahulumeni.

Ukusetshenziswa Kwezimiso Ezingokwezimiso Zekhorathi

  • [ Ukungaguquguquki: unamathela njalo ezimisweni zokuziphatha nasezindinganisweni zokuziphatha, ngisho nalapho ucindezelwa ukuba uhlehle. Ubuqotho busho ukutshela iqiniso, ukugcina izithembiso, nokugwema izingxabano zesithakazelo.
  • [ ukulandisa: ukuthatha umthwalo wemfanelo ngezenzo nezinqumo zomuntu, kuhlanganise nokuzimisela ukuchaza nokuzithethelela ezindikimbeni zomphakathi nezengamele.
  • I-'tractsparence': Isebenza ngokuthulula ekuxhumaneni nasezinqubeni zokwenza izinqumo, ivumela izakhamuzi ukuba zibone ukuthi zingenziwa kanjani futhi ngani izinqumo.
  • [ Ukuzihambela: Ukuphatha bonke abantu namaqembu ngokulinganayo, ngaphandle kokukhetha noma ukucwasa, nokuqinisekisa ukuthi izinqubo zilungile.
  • Umkhumbi:[ Ukuphatha imithombo yomphakathi ngokukhomba, uqaphela ukuthi lengcebo ingeyabantu futhi kumelwe isetshenziswe ngokuphumelelayo.

Lezi zimiso aziyona imicabango engabonakali. Zibonakala ezenzweni eziqinile: isikhulu sezisebenzi esidalula ingxabano yesithakazelo, umqondisi ochaza isisekelo esingemva komthetho, noma umsizi osekela izinzuzo ezifanele zekhasimende. Ngasinye salezizenzo sakha ukwethemba okubalulekile ekubuseni okuphumelelayo.

Ukwakhiwa Kwenhlangano Elawula Uhulumeni Ngokusemthethweni

Umthetho unikeza isisekelo sokwakha lapho ukuqondisa komphakathi kusebenza khona. Ichaza imingcele yesenzo esivunyelwe, imisa izinqubo okumelwe zilandelwe, futhi ibeke imiphumela yesephulo. Abaphathi bomphakathi kumelwe babe nolwazi olusebenzayo lwezwe elingokomthetho ukuze baqinisekise izenzo zabo zingokomthetho futhi zingagwegwesi.

Imithombo Eyinhloko Yomthetho

  • Umthetho we-Cunistigational:[ Izimiso eziyisisekelo ezimisa isakhiwo sikahulumeni futhi zivikele amalungelo abantu ngabanye. E-United States, umthetho-sisekelo unquma ukuhlukaniswa kwemibuso, uhulumeni, nenkululeko eyisisekelo njengenqubo efanelekile nesivikelo esilinganayo.
  • UMthetho ophethe: Indikimba yezimiso nezinqubo ezilawula izinhlangano eziphethe. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukubusa, ukufushanisa, ukuphoqelela, nokuhlola izenzo zezinhlangano. I-Administrative Procedure Act (APA) iyitshe lesisekelo lomthetho wokuphatha.
  • [ Umthetho wokufundisa: Imithetho emiswa izishaya-mthetho ezikha izinhlelo, ezinikeza izimali, futhi zinika izinhlangano igunya. Abaphathi bomphakathi kumelwe basebenzise lemithetho ngokwethembeka, ngemingcele yabo.
  • Umthetho we-Case:[ Izinqumo zokwahlulela ezichaza imithetho namalungiselelo omthetho-sisekelo, zimisa izibonelo eziqondisa ukuphatha. Isinqumo seNkantolo singaphinde sikhanye ngendlela amanxusa asebenza ngayo.

Ukuqonda le mithombo engokomthetho kugxeka kakhulu ngoba izenzo zokuphatha ezidlula igunya elingokomthetho noma eziphula amalungelo omthetho-mthetho zingashaywa izinkantolo. Abaphathi kumelwe basebenze phakathi komthetho, okusho ukuthi akukho muntu ophethe kakhulu, futhi akukho muntu ophethe phezulu.

Izimiso Eziyinhloko Ezingokomthetho Ekuqondiseni Komphakathi

  • Inqubo elindelekile: Imfuneko yokuba uhulumeni anikeze izinqubo ezilungile ngaphambi kokuncisha umuntu ukuphila, inkululeko, noma impahla. Lokhu kuhlanganisa isaziso, ithuba lokuzwiwa, kanye nomenzi wesinqumo ongakhethi.
  • Isivikelo esingokobuhlanga: Isimiso sokuthi abantu abasendaweni efanayo kumelwe baphathwe ngokufanayo ngaphansi komthetho. Ukubandlululwa ngesisekelo sohlanga, ubulili, inkolo, noma ezinye izici ezivikelweyo ngokungekho ngokwezimiso.
  • Isimiso soMthetho: Isimiso sokuthi bonke abantu nezinhlangano, kuhlanganise nohulumeni ngokwawo, bangaphansi futhi balandise ngaphansi komthetho. Lokhu kuvimbela ukusebenzisa amandla okungenazimiso.
  • I-Faithtural Fairy:[ Isibopho sokulandela izinqubo ezimisiwe njalo, kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izinqumo zenziwa ngendlela eqinisekile nebonisayo.

Lezi zimiso zomthetho azizona nje izimfuneko zobuchwepheshe . Uma inkampani inganaki inqubo efanelekile noma isebenzise imithetho ngendlela engalingani, iqeda ukuqiniseka komphakathi futhi icela inselele engokomthetho. Abaphathi abanolwazi baqonda ukuthi ukuhambisana nezindinganiso zomthetho kuyisimo esincane sokugunyaza.

Lapho Izimiso Zokuziphatha Nezomthetho Zingqubuzana Khona

Ukungqubana kwezimiso zokuziphatha nomthetho kulapho kuphakama khona izinkinga ezinkulu kakhulu ekuqondiseni umphakathi. Nakuba umthetho ubeka phansi ngezansi − indinganiso elinganiselwe yokuziphatha okwamukelekayo(-) okuvamile kufuna uphahla oluphezulu nolufinyelelwe kakhulu. Ukushukuma kwalezindinganiso ezimbili kudala izikhathi ezinzima kakhulu ezikhulwini zomphakathi.

Cabangela isimo lapho umthetho uvumela khona isenzo esingaqiniseki ngokwezimiso. Ngokwesibonelo, umthetho ungavumela isikhulu esithatha imali ukuba sinikeze imvume kumnini-mkhankaso womkhankaso, uma nje kuhlangatshezwa izimfuneko ezithile. Ngokusemthethweni, kodwa ngokusemthethweni. Isikhulu kumelwe sinqume ukuthi sizovumelana yini nencwadi yomthetho noma sibambelele ezindinganisweni zokuziphatha eziphakeme ngokuzibeka esinqumweni noma ngokufuna ezinye izivikelo.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izibopho zokuziphatha zingadinga izenzo ezingagunyaziwe umthetho. Umphathi womphakathi angathola ukuthi inkambiso ibangela umonakalo ongalindelekile kubantu abasengozini. Nakuba umthetho ungadingi ukuthatha isinyathelo sokulungisa, umsebenzi wezimiso ungaphoqelela umphathi ukuba akhuthaze ushintsho, ngisho noma esengozini yomuntu siqu noma engochwepheshe. Lokhu kuwumongo wobuholi bezimiso zokuziphatha, futhi kudlula ngaphaya kwalokho okufunwa umthetho ukwenza okulungile.

Ukucindezeleka Okuvamile Kwamakhorali

  • [ Izenzo ezingekho emthethweni kodwa ezingekho-mthethweni: ezivumelana nezimfuneko zomthetho kodwa eziphula izimiso zobulungisa, ukwethembeka, noma ubuphathi. Izibonelo zihlanganisa ukusebenzisa izaba, ukusebenzisa amasu anzima okuphoqelela amaqembu agwegwe, noma ukwenza impumelelo ngokulingana.
  • Izenzo ezivumelana nezimiso zokuziphatha kodwa ezidlula igunya elingokomthetho noma isimiso senhlangano. Impicabadala, ngokwesibonelo, ingathethelelwa ngokwezimiso ngisho nalapho iphula izivumelwano zomshoshaphansi noma imithetho yeketanga.
  • Izibopho eziyimfihlo: Izimo lapho imisebenzi engokomthetho nemisebenzi yezimiso ikhomba khona nhlangothi ezihlukene. Umvikeli womphakathi angadingeka ngokomthetho ukuze amelele ikhasimende ngentshiseko, kodwa akhathazeke ngokwezimiso ngezenzo zekhasimende.
  • Isikhala sezindawo eziqinile:[ izindawo lapho umthetho udida noma uthule, kushiyela abaphathi ukuba bathembele ekwahluleleni okungokokuziphatha. Lokhu kuvamile ezindaweni ezintsha ezilandelanayo njengemithetho yokulawula ukusungula kokuhlakanipha noma ukusabela kobhadane.

Ukubhekana nalezi zingxabano kudinga okungaphezu kwencwadi yemithetho, okudinga ukucabangisisa ngezimiso zokuziphatha, isibindi, nokuzinikela emphakathini okudlula ukuzithoba nje.

Ukuhlola Izenzakalo Ezibucayi Ekucindezelekeni Kwamaqembu

Izibonelo zezwe langempela zicacisa izinselele abaqondisi bomphakathi ababhekene nazo lapho kungqubana izimiso zokuziphatha nomthetho. Lokhu kuhlola kubonisa indlela izimiso ezingabonakali ezisebenza ngayo.

Ukutadisha Indaba 1: Ukuphikisana Nesithakazelo Ekuncintisaneni Kukahulumeni

Isikhulu esiphethe esiphethe umnyango wezokuthutha sithola ukuthi inkampani yokwakha umfowabo ifuna umsebenzi omkhulu wezemfashini. Umthetho uyamvumela ukuba engamele inqubo yokukhetha uma eveza ubuhlobo futhi ephendula ngesinqumo sokugcina. Nokho, uyazi futhi ukuthi inkampani yomfowabo isebenza ngomlando wezindleko zokulwa nokukhononda okusezingeni eliphezulu. Ukumane nje ahlulele futhi anelise izimfuneko ezingokomthetho, kodwa ingabe iyawugcwalisa umsebenzi wakhe ofanele wokuqinisekisa ukukhokha intela kusetshenziswa ngokuhlakanipha? Umphathi wezimiso zokuhle ungazindisa ukukhathazeka ngokuphakamisa umsebenzi wefemu wangaphambili nokukhuthaza ukuphatha kahle kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ubani owina isivumelwano.

Ukutadisha Indaba 2: Ukuhlaselwa Kwe - Agency Errugle Ukuziphatha Okungafanele

Isiqondisi esiphakathi kwenhlangano evikela indawo ezungezile sithola ukuthi abaholi bakhe bacindezela ngamabomu ukwaziswa okubonisa ukuthi ifektri yendawo iwukungcola okukhulu. Umthetho awufuni ukuba abike lokhu kucindezela ngaphakathi, futhi ukwenza kanjalo kungalahlekisa umsebenzi wakhe. Nokho, umsebenzi osemthethweni wokuvikela impilo yomphakathi nokusekela ubuqotho besayensi yokuzilawula uphoqelela ukuba kwenziwe. Ubhekene nokhetho olunzima: ukulandela izinqubo ezingokomthetho ezingase zingasebenzi, noma ukuthatha inyathelo eliqinile lokubika ukuziphatha okubi ngemizila ye-pile, okungabangela ukuphindisela kodwa futhi kubangele ukulandisa. [[FLT:] [WP] I-hective Provizetection Protection Act [FLD [FLD: 1]] inikeza izikhungo ezithile ezingokomthetho, kodwa ezingokomthambo nezingozini ezingokobuchwepheshe.

Ukuhlolwa Kwezimo 3: Ukulinganisela Ezindaweni Eziphuthumayo

Phakathi nenkinga yempilo yomphakathi, umnyango wezempilo wasedolobheni kumelwe ubeke izikhungo ezilinganiselwe ezibhedlela. Uhlelo lwezomthetho luhlela ukuphumelela kanye nesidingo sezokwelapha. Kodwa ukwaziswa kwembula ukuthi imiphakathi enzima kakhulu ithola imali encane kakhulu futhi imiphakathi emincane ekhona ngokomlando ithola imali encane kakhulu. Ngokuqinile ilandela uhlelo olusemthethweni lokungaqhubeki komthetho wezobulungisa. Umphathi wezimiso kumelwe anqume ukuthi angasekela yini indlela elungisiweyo yokulungisa leyo zinkinga zomlando, ngisho noma lokho kuveza incwadi yomthetho. Lokhu kudinga ukulinganisela okungokomthetho ngomqondo oqinile wobulungisa obungokwenhlalo nokweqikelelwa.

Lokhu kuhlola kugcizelela iqiniso eliyisisekelo: ukuqondisa komphakathi ngokokuziphatha akunakuncishiswa kube ukubusa. Kudinga ukwahlulela, uzwela, nokuzimisela ukubhekana nokudayiswa okungajabulisi.

Ukuthuthukisa Ukuziphatha Okungemthetho Ngaphesheya Kwezinhlangano Zomphakathi

Ukwakha isimilo ezinhlanganweni zomphakathi kuwumzamo oqhubekayo odinga umzamo wenhloso kuzo zonke izinga. Akwanele ukuba nesimiso sokuziphatha; kumelwe kuphile, kufane, kuqiniswe ngezimiso nangemikhuba. Impucuko eqinile yokuziphatha inciphisa amathuba okungaphathi kahle, ithuthukise ukwethembana komphakathi, futhi ithuthukise ukusebenza kwenhlangano.

Amasu amaningana abalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukuziphatha okuhle:

Ukuqeqeshwa Kwezimiso Zokuziphatha Eziwubufakazi

Izinhlelo zokuqeqesha kufanele zisho ngokuphindwa ngekhanda imithetho. Imfundo yezimiso eziphumelelayo ihlanganisa izisebenzi ezimweni ezingokoqobo, ikhuthaza ukuzindla ngezindinganiso, futhi yakha amakhono okwenza izinqumo ezingokokuziphatha. Imithetho ye-ASPA ye-Ethics[ inikeza isisekelo esiqinile sokuqeqesha okunjalo, kodwa izinhlangano kumelwe zivumelane nomongo wazo oqondile. Izikole zokuvuselela njalo, izingxoxo ezisekelwe ezinhlangothini, kanye nezinhlelo zobuholi zinemiphumela eminingi kunemishini yendlela yokuqondisa.

Inhlonipho Nezindinganiso Ezicacile

Izinhlangano zidinga izimiso eziphakele kakhulu ezimayelana nokungezwani kwenzalo, izipho, imisebenzi yangaphandle, ukwaziswa okuyimfihlo, nokubika ukuziphatha okubi. Lezi zinqubo kumelwe zitholakale, ziqondakale, futhi ziqikelelwe njalo. Unya lukhuthaza ukuwohloka kwezimiso zokuziphatha. Uma izisebenzi zikwazi kahle okulindelekile kuzo futhi zibona ukuthi izindinganiso zisebenza ngokufanayo kubo bonke, kuhlanganise nabaholi abakhulu, ukuvuma kwezimiso kuthuthukisa.

Ukubika Imishini Ngokuphepha

Izisebenzi kumelwe zibe nezindlela ezingenekayo, eziyimfihlo zokuthuthukisa ukukhathazeka ngezimiso zokuziphatha ngaphandle kokwesaba ukuziphindiselela. Lokhu kuhlanganisa iziqondiso ezisheshayo, izikhulu zezimiso zokuziphatha, namahhovisi anezikhundla. Isiko elijezisa abashaya ikhwelo noma elinqanda imibuzo yisiko lapho izinkinga zokuziphatha zikhula khona. Izinhlangano eziningi ezibonisa izimiso zokuziphatha zifuna ukuvuma ngokuqhubekayo futhi zibheka ukukhathazeka njengamathuba okuthuthukisa, hhayi njengezinsongo.

Uhlelo lokulandisa

Izenzo zokwephulwa komthetho kumelwe zibe nemiphumela. Izinqubo zokufundisa kufanele zibe ezilungile, ezibonisa ngapha nangapha, futhi zibe nezinga elilinganayo. Okubaluleke ngokufanayo, ukuziphatha okuhle okuyisibonelo kufanele kuqashelwe futhi kuhlonishwe.

Indima Yokuhola Ekubuseni Kwabaholi

Abaholi banikeza isisekelo sokuziphatha okuhle. Abaphathi bomphakathi abanezikhundla zokuhola banomthwalo wemfanelo okhethekile wokulingisa ukuziphatha okuhle, baveze ukubaluleka kwako, futhi babangele izimo lapho ukuziphatha okuhle kuchuma khona. Lena akuyona indima nje ethatha igxathu.

Abaholi babonisa ukuzibophezela okungokwezimiso zokuziphatha ngokuthi:

  • ukuziphatha kokulingisa: usebenza ngobuqotho ngezindlela ezibonakalayo nezingabonakali, kusukela endleleni abaphatha ngayo abangaphansi kuya endleleni abaphatha ngayo ukwaziswa okuzwelayo.
  • Izindinganiso ezihlanganisayo: Njalo kuxoxwe ngezimiso ezilungile emihlanganweni yezisebenzi, kugcizelelwa ukuthi ukucabangela okungokokuziphatha kubaluleke ekwenzeni izinqumo, futhi kuhlelwa izinselele ngokwezimiso.
  • Ukuqinisa ukuphepha okungokwengqondo: Izisebenzi ezikhuthazayo ukuba ziphakamise ukukhathazeka okungokokuziphatha ngaphandle kokwesaba, futhi zithathe lezozinto ngokungathi sína.
  • ukubeka wonke umuntu enecala: Ukusebenzisa izindinganiso zokuziphatha ngokungaguquguquki, ngaphandle kobandlululo noma ukucabangela kwezombangazwe.
  • [ Ukuhlanganisa ezimisweni: isekela imithombo yokuqeqeshelwa izimiso zokuziphatha, ukuvumelana nezimiso zemisebenzi, kanye nokuzimela.

Lapho abaholi behluleka kulemithwalo yemfanelo, imiphumela ingaba mikhulu. Izimo ezishayelwa izinhlangano ezinjenge-Veterans Health Administration ne-General Service Administration zibonisa indlela ukwehluleka kobuholi kwezimiso ezihlelekayo okungena ekwahlulekeni kwenhlangano futhi kubangele intukuthelo emphakathini.

Isiphetho: Ukusekela Izindinganiso Zentando Yeningi Ngokuhlelwa Kwemithetho

Ukuhlangana kwezimiso zomthetho nomthetho embusweni womphakathi akusona isilinganiso esiqinile − iyindawo eqinile lapho izimiso kumelwe ziqhutshelwa khona njalo futhi zisetshenziswe. Umthetho unikeza uhlelo olubalulekile lwemithetho nezinqubo eziqinisekisa ukuhleleka, ukungalungi, nokulandisa. Izimiso zinikeza ikhampasi yokuziphatha eqondisa abaphathi uma umthetho uthule, udida, noma unganele.

Kubaphathi bomphakathi, umgomo awukona ukugwema ukubekwa icala okungokomthetho kuphela kodwa ukulondoloza ukuthenjwa nomphakathi. Lokhu kudinga ukuzinikela emkhubeni wezimiso ezihloniphekile okungahambisani nokuthobelana. Kusho ukuthatha iso elingumoya wenkonzo yomphakathi, ukuthatha isibopho somphakathi, ukusekela ubulungisa, kanye nabagcini bezindinganiso zentando yeningi.

Kulesi sikhathi sokuhlukana okukhulayo, ukungaqiniseki ngohulumeni, nezimiso eziyinkimbinkimbi, ukuqondisa komphakathi kubaluleke kakhulu kunanini ngaphambili. Ngokumisa umsebenzi wabo kokubili ngokuqinile okungokomthetho nokujule ngokwezimiso, abaqondisi bomphakathi bangavala igebe phakathi kwalokho uhulumeni agunyaziwe ukukwenza nalokho izakhamuzi ezikudingayo nokukufanele. Bangabonisa ukuthi uhulumeni ungaba ophumelelayo nothembekile, ongakhethi nophumelelayo, ongokomthetho nolungayo.

Indlela ephambili isemfundoni, ukuhola, nokuhlela izinhlangano lapho izimiso zomthetho nomthetho ziqinisa khona, lapho ukwenza into elungile kulindelwe khona ngokomthetho nangokwesiko. Leyo inselele kanye nokubizwa kwezembutho zomphakathi emphakathini wentando yeningi.