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Isingeniso: Ubuhlobo Obuxubile Phakathi Kwezimiso Zokuziphatha Nomthetho Kuhulumeni

Ukulandisa kukahulumeni kusekelwe ezinsikeni ezimbili: izimiso zomthetho. Nakuba umthetho unikeza umthetho ongokomthetho, ophoqelelwe wokuziphatha, unikeza isisekelo sokuziphatha esiqondisa ukuziphatha okungaphezu kwezimfuneko ezingokomthetho ezincane. Ingxenye ephakathi kwalamandla amabili inquma indlela izikhulu zomphakathi ezenza ngayo izinqumo, indlela izakhamuzi ezithemba ngayo izinhlangano zazo, nendlela idemokrasi ezizisekela ngayo. Ukuqonda le ngqungquthela akuyona nje indlela yokufunda yemfundo, ibalulekile ekwakheni izimiso eziqinile zokubusa ezingamelana nokucindezela, ukujwayela ushintsho, nokusiza umphakathi.

Ngokomlando, kwavela izisekelo zomthetho ukuze zivumelanise amathemba ezimiso, kodwa imithetho ayinakuhlanganisa zonke izimo. Izindawo zabampunga ziyaqhubeka, futhi ngaphandle kwezimiso eziqinile, ngisho nesimiso somthetho esinemininingwane eminingi kakhulu singagwenywa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izimiso zokuziphatha ezingenawo amazinyo angokomthetho zingashaywa indiva ngaphandle kokujeziswa. Lesi sihloko sihlola indlela izimiso zomthetho kanye nokuhlela uhulumeni, ukudweba emiqondweni yesisekelo, izibonelo zangempela zezwe, kanye namasu asebenzayo okuthuthukisa.

Ukuchaza Izimiso Zokuziphatha Nomthetho

Iyini Izimiso Zokuziphatha Kuhulumeni?

Izimiso zokuziphatha ziyikhosha lefilosofi ekhathalela izimiso zokuziphatha, ezilungile nezingalungile, ezilungile nezingalungile. Kuhulumeni, izimiso zibhekisela ezindinganisweni zokuziphatha okulindeleke kuziphathimandla zomphakathi nasemabuthweni. Lezi zindinganiso zivame ukuhlelwa ngemithetho yokuziphatha, izifungo zesikhundla, neziqondiso zobuchwepheshe. Bagcizelela izindinganiso ezinjengokwethembeka, ubuqotho, ukungalungisi, nokuhlonipha umthetho. Ngokungafani nomthetho, izimiso zokuziphatha aziphoqelelwa ngezinkantolo noma ngezikhulu kodwa ngokucindezela kontanga, ngedumela lobuchwepheshe, nangesiyalo sangaphakathi.

Ukucabanga okungokwesayensi kuhulumeni kuveza amasiko amaningana efilosofi. Izimiso zesayensi yenkolo (ezihlobene no-Immanuel Kant) zigxila emisebenzini nemithetho, ziphikisa ngokuthi ezinye izenzo zilungile noma azilungile ngokwemvelo kungakhathaliseki imiphumela. Izimiso zobuOlitiarian (zihlangene noJohn Stuart Mill) zigweba izenzo ngemiphumela yazo, zihlose ukuthuthukisa inhlalakahle. Ukuziphatha okuhle (okusekelwe ku-Aristotle) kugcizelela ubuntu bomenzi wesinqumo, zibuza ukuthi umuntu olungile ungenzani. Ngokwesiko, izikhulu zomphakathi zivame ukuhlanganisa lezi zinto, kodwa ukungezwani phakathi kwazo kungadala izinkinga ezingoko.

Uyini Umthetho Kuhulumeni?

Umthetho uyisimiso semithetho esungulwe futhi ephoqelelwe yizinhlangano zezenhlalo noma zikahulumeni. Inikeza uhlelo lapho ukuziphatha komuntu siqu nomphakathi kulawulwa khona. Ezimisweni zentando yeningi, imithetho imiswa izishayamthetho, ichazwa izinkantolo, futhi iphoqelelwe yizinhlangano eziphethe. Uhlelo olungokomthetho lokuziphendulela kuhulumeni luhlanganisa amalungiselelo omthetho, imithetho, imithetho echaza amacala (njengendlela yokufumbathisa noma ukukhwabanisa), ukumisa izinqubo (njengenqubo efanele nemihlangano evulekile), futhi lwenze amakhambi (njengezigwebo zobugebengu noma isigwebo somphakathi).

Umthetho unikeza amazinyo ezimiso zokuziphatha: isimiso sokuziphatha esinjenge "izikhulu zomphakathi akumelwe zisebenzise isikhundla sazo ukuze zizuze ngasese" siba yimfuneko uma sihlanganiswa njengomthetho omelene nokonakala. Nokho, umthetho ubheka emuva kanye-kakhulu ngokubheka, kuphendulelwa izinkinga esezivele kakade. Ngokungafani, i-Ethics ingabheka phambili, iqondise ukuziphatha ezimweni ezishayelelwe. Ohulumeni abaningi abalandisayo bahlela imithetho yabo ngezifiso eziqinile zezimiso zezimiso kuyilapho futhi bevumela izimiso zigcwalisa amagebe lapho umthetho uthule noma uphelelwe isikhathi.

Indlela Izimiso Zokuziphatha Nomthetho Okungaphazanyiswa Ngayo

Ukungqubana kwezimiso zokuziphatha nomthetho kunamandla. Ngokuphambene, imithetho ngokuvamile isebenza ngokomthetho kodwa akuzona zonke izibopho zokuziphatha ezibophayo ngokomthetho. Ngokwesibonelo, isikhulu somphakathi singaba nesibopho esingokomthetho sokugwema izingxabano zesithakazelo kodwa isibopho sokuveza izingxabano ezingase zidingeki. Ngokuphambene, umthetho ungase ube osemthethweni kodwa ube ongakholeki kahle ngokwezimiso zezimiso zesizwe.

Indima Yezimiso Zokuziphatha Ekulandiseni Kukahulumeni

Ukwethemba Nobuqotho

Izimiso zokuziphatha ziyikhosha lokuthemba umphakathi. Izakhamuzi kumelwe zikholelwe ukuthi uhulumeni wazo usebenza ngobuqotho, ngokungakhethi, nangokubona. Uma izindinganiso zokuziphatha ziphakeme, ukwethembana kuyakhula; lapho kuvela amahlazo, ukwethembana kuyancipha. Ukucwaninga kwe-OECD kuveza njalo ukuthi amazwe anezimiso eziqinile zokuziphatha ajabulela ukwaneliseka okukhulu kwezakhamuzi ngezinkonzo zomphakathi futhi azimisele kakhulu ukuhambisana nemithetho.

Ukuvimbela Ukonakala Nokuziphatha Okungafanele

Amasiko aqinile ezimiso zokuziphatha asebenza njengohlobo lokuqala lokuvikela ekukhohlakaleni. Imithetho iyodwa ayinakubheka phambili zonke izindlela zokuxhaphaza. Ukuqeqesha, ukuhola ngokwesibonelo, nezindinganiso ezicacile zisiza izikhulu ukuba ziqaphele futhi zimelane namathonya angafanele. Ngokwesibonelo, iHhovisi lemithetho elawulayo lase-U.S. linikeza ukuqeqeshwa okusemgqeni wezisebenzi zamagatsha, izihloko ezinjengezipho, imisebenzi yangaphandle, nemisebenzi yezombangazwe. Izinhlelo ezinjalo zinciphisa amathuba okuphulwa ngamabomu futhi zakha ukuqonda okunye ukuziphethe okulindelekile.

Ukukhuthaza Ukubona Izindawo Ngokubona Kahle, Ubuqotho, Nomthwalo Wemfanelo

  • Umthetho olawulayo: Ukubusa okungokomthetho kudinga ukuthulula iziphakamiso ekwenzeni izinqumo. Lokhu kusho izizathu ezicacile zokukhetha uhlelo, amarekhodi afinyelelekayo, namathuba okuhlola umphakathi. Imithetho yokubona ngaphaya kwecala (njenge Freedom of Information Acts"acts, kodwa ukusetshenziswa kwayo okuphumelelayo kuxhomeke ekubophekeni kwezimiso zokwambula kunokuba kufihleke.
  • [ Izikhulu kumelwe zenze ngokwethembeka futhi zisekele ukwethenjwa komphakathi. Ubuqotho budlulela ngalé kokulandela umthetho; kusho ukugwema ngisho nokubonakala kobuhlanya. Imithetho yokuziphatha ifuna izikhulu ukuba zizibeke esinqumweni lapho zingangatshazwa khona.
  • [ Ukungaguquguquki: Izikhulu zinecala ngezenzo zazo futhi kumelwe zivume imiphumela yezehluleko. Umthwalo wemfanelo wasendulo uhlanganisa ukubika ngokuqhubekayo okubi, ukubambisana nezindikimba zobuphathi, nokuzimisela ukulungisa amaphutha.

Isimiso Esingokomthetho Sokulandisa Kukahulumeni

Amalungiselelo Omthetho - sisekelo

Izimiso eziningi zanamuhla zihlanganisa izimiso eziyisisekelo zokulandisa, njengokuhlukanisa imibuso, ukuhlola nokulinganisela, namalungelo ayisisekelo. La malungiselelo akha uhlelo phakathi kwezimiso nezimiso. Ngokwesibonelo, uMthetho-sisekelo wase-United States ufuna uMongameli ukuba "aqaphele ukuba imithetho inikezwe ngokwethembeka," ukumisa umsebenzi wokubulala ngokwethembeka okunobukhulu obungokomthetho nobungokwezimiso. IMithetho-sisekelo inikeza futhi ukulawulwa njengenqubo yokususa izikhulu ezibophe i-"Crimes neMisdemears"" inkulumo evula umnyango wesahlulelo esingokomthetho.

Imithetho Eqoshiwe

Izimiso ezikhethekile zigcwalisa imininingwane. Izigaba eziyisihluthulelo zihlanganisa:

  • Imithetho yokuzingela: Enjenge-Foractics Act (FCPA) ne-UK Porkyry Act, ephambanisa ukufumbathisa kwezikhulu zomphakathi ezisemakhaya nakwamanye amazwe.
  • Imithetho kuMasenzo kaHulumeni:[ Lemithetho inikeza izimfuneko zezembulo zezithakazelo zemali, izipho, nezingxabano zesithakazelo. I-Ethics yase-U.S. kuMthetho kaHulumeni ka-1978 yamisa iHhovisi leMithetho kaHulumeni futhi yagunyaza ukuvunywa komphakathi izikhulu zegatsha eziphethe.
  • [ Imithetho yokuvikela i-wittleer Providect: Imithetho enjenge Wistle Protection Act e-U.S. i-'Whistler Protect' yokhuseleko lwezisebenzi ezivimbeleyo ezibika ukuziphatha okubi ngokuphindisela, ngaleyondlela ikhuthaza ukuziphatha okuhle phakathi kwezinhlangano.
  • INkqubo yokuphatha Imisebenzi:[ Lemithetho ibeka imithetho yendlela izinhlangano zenza ngayo izimiso nezinqumo, zikhuthaza ukulunga nokubonakala esizweni sokuphatha.

Ukuphatha Nokuphoqelelwa Kokwahlulela

Izinkantolo zinendima ebalulekile ekubekeni ohulumeni icala. Ukuhlola kokwahlulela kuvumela abantu ngabanye nezinhlangano ukuba babeke inselele yezenzo ezingekho emthethweni. Emazweni amaningi, izinkantolo ezikhethekile ezimelene nokonakala noma izinkantolo zomthetho-mthetho zisingatha amacala ahilela ukwephulwa kwezimiso. Ngokwesibonelo, iNkantolo Ephakeme yaseNdiya iye yasebenzisa amandla ayo okudelela ukuphoqelela izindinganiso zokuziphatha ekuphileni komphakathi. Nokho, ukugcinwa kwamacala kuxhomeke kumajaji azimele, imithombo efanelekile, nezindinganiso ezingokomthetho ezicacile. Uma izinkantolo zibekwa icala noma zibekwa phansi, kubekelwe icala.

Ukuhlolwa Kwezimiso Zokuziphatha Nomthetho Okusebenzayo

Ihlazo Lamanzi Nezimiso Zokuziphatha Kumthetho Kahulumeni

Ihlazo leWatergate (1972-1974) liseyisikhashana esiphoqelelekile ekuxhumaneni kwezimiso zomthetho nomthetho. Ukuwela endlunkulu yeDemocratic National Committee kwakuwubugebengu, kodwa isembozo esisembozweni sasihilela ukusetshenziswa kabi kwamandla nokwehluleka kwezimiso zokuziphatha emazingeni aphakeme kakhulu. Ihlazo lashukumisa uKhongolo ukuba ludlulise i-Profession in Government Act ka-1978, eyadala iHhovisi yezimiso ze-Hulumeni futhi yagunyaza ukuvunulwa kwezelelwa kwezezimali. Lendaba ibonisa indlela ukuhluleka okukhulu kwezimiso ezingoko ngokomthetho, ukuhlanganisa izimo ezingoko ezingokomthetho ezibekwe eqekelwe umthetho. Ngaphandle kwehlazo, eziningi zalezi zinyathelo zokukhanya zazingeke zenziwe.

IWhistlever Protections Necala LikaDkt. Jeffrey Wigand

UDkt. Jeffrey Wigand, owayengumphathi kagwayi, wadalula ukusetshenziswa kabi kwenanithi emazingeni embonini, isambulo esinemiphumela enzulu yempilo yomphakathi. Indaba yakhe, eqokonyiswe kuyifilimu iThe Inster, ibonisa ukuhlanganiswa kwezimiso zokuziphatha (imfuneko yokuziphatha yokudalula amaqiniso ayingozi) nomthetho (isivikelo esinikezwayo ekufunxenxeni kwemilo). UWigad wabhekana nezinsolo ezingokomthetho nokuhlukunyezwa ngokomthetho nokuhlukunyezwa komuntu siqu, kodwa ekugcineni imithetho yokuvikelwa kwempindiselo yamsiza ekuvikeleni ukuphindisela. Lesi sibonelo siqokomisa indlela izimiso ezingoko ezingokomthetho ezingakhuthaza ngayo izenzo ezifeza isithakazelo somphakathi, ngisho nalapho zibekela inselele izinhlangano ezinamandla.

Ukufumbathisa Nenkohlakalo: I - Car Shash (Lava Jato) EBrazil

Uphenyo olukhulu lokulwa nokonakala e-Brazil olwaveza ukufumbathisa okuhleliwe enkampanini kawoyela ka-Petrobras kanye nezazi zezombangazwe ezinecala ezivela emaqenjini amaningi. Uphenyo ngokwalo lwaphakamisa imibuzo engokokuziphatha ngokuphamba abashushisi nokusetshenziswa kwezicelo. Kodwa futhi kwabonisa amandla okuqinisekisa ukugcinwa komthetho okugcina abadlali benobuqhawe lapho izombangazwe zikhona. Icala ligcizelela isidingo samathuluzi aqinile angokomthetho (nethiwappect, le zivumelwano eziqinile, ukubambisana okunqamule imingcele yesivumelwano somthetho − ne-alonglidebon yesibopho esingokomthetho sokungakhethi. I-pastlash nesiyaluya engokokugcinwa kwemithetho yecala elinjalo futhi yezombangazwe yembula ukufaneleka okusemthethweni lapho izinqubo zokulandisa okunjalo zikhona.

Izimiso Zokuziphatha Nemizimba Ezimele

Ohulumeni abaningi baye bamisa imikhankaso yezimiso zokuzimela ukuze bengamele ukuthotshelwa nokuphenya ukuphulwa komthetho. Ngokwesibonelo, iHhovisi lemithetho ye-Rondmental Ethics lase-U.S. likhuthaza imibono nemfundo ephikisayo. I-Canadian Conflict of Infactive and Ethictic Commissioner yeluleka abaphathi behhovisi nokuhlolwa kokuphulwa kwezimiso. Lemikhakha esebenza ekuhleleni kwezimiso zokuziphatha nomthetho: iphoqelela izimfuneko ezingokomthetho kodwa ithuthukisa nezimiso zokuziphatha ngokuqondisa nokuqeqesha. Ukuzimela kwayo ekucindezeleni kwezombangazwe kuyagxeka. Uma izindikimba ezinjalo zilulaza noma zilulaza. Ukuphumelela kwalezi ziboshelwa kuxhomeke ezivumelwano ezingokomthetho, imithombo eyanele, nempucuko ehlonipha igunya lazo.

Izinselele Ekulinganiseleni Izimiso Zokuziphatha Nomthetho

Izindawo Ezimpunga Nezinkinga Eziyinkimbinkimbi

Imithetho ayinakubonela kusengaphambili zonke izimo. Izinkinga zezesayensi ziphakama lapho izimiso ezimbili ezisebenzayo ziphikisana ngokulinganayo, ngokwesibonelo, phakathi komsebenzi wokufihla imfihlo nomsebenzi wokubika ububi. Ezimweni ezinjalo, isiqondiso esingokomthetho singaba esinganele. Izikhulu zomphakathi kumelwe zisebenzise ukwahlulela, futhi isahlulelo singathonywa yizindinganiso zomuntu siqu, impucuko yenhlangano, kanye nokucindezela okuvela kwabaphakeme. Ngaphandle kokuqeqeshwa okuqinile kwezimiso zokuziphatha, izikhulu zingaphambuka ohlangothini lokuzivikela kunokuba zibonise isithakazelo emphakathini.

Ukuphoqelelwa Okushintshayo

Ama-plogin angokomthetho asebenza njengemithetho yawo elawulayo. Uma imithetho emelene nokonakala ikhona kodwa iqashelwa kancane, alahlekelwa inani lokuvimbela. Ukuphoqelelwa kungaguquguquka ngenxa yokuvinjelwa kwempahla, ukuphazanyiswa kwezombangazwe, noma ukungazimela kwenkululeko ezindikimbeni zokwahlulela nakumashivela. Kwamanye amazwe, imithetho yezimiso isetshenziswa ngokungakhethi ngokumelene nabaphikisi bezombangazwe kuyilapho izinxulumani zivinjelwa. Lokhu kuqeda ukwethemba umphakathi futhi kwakha umbono wokuthi umthetho uyithuluzi lamandla kunokuba ugcine ubulungisa.

Amasiko Okufihla Izimfihlo Nengqondo Ephithizelayo

Ngezinye izikhathi indlela "ye-check-box" yokulalela izindinganiso zokuziphatha ivela: izikhulu zilandela incwadi yomthetho kodwa zingawunaki umoya. Ngokwesibonelo, zingafuna ukudalulwa kodwa zifihle izinto ezisekwekwe yizinsini eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ukulalela okungokomthetho ngaphandle kokuzinikela kwezimiso zokuziphatha kungafihla ukuziphatha okubi okuqhubekayo. Ukushintsha kwempucuko yenhlangano kunzima. Izimiso zomshoshaphansi, ukwesaba ukuphindisela, nokwethembeka kozakwabo kungaphazamisa izibopho zezimiso zezimiso zezimiso. Imithetho egunyaza ukufusha i-ampemper noma i-astpisters ingasiza, kodwa ukushintsha kwempucuko kudinga ukuhola nomzamo oqhubekayo.

Izinselele Zokuhwebelana Kwembulunga Yonke Nezokuhleleka Kwesiphambano

Ezweni elihlangene, ukonakala kuvame ukuhlanganisa ukuthengiselana ngamazwe. Izinhlangano zomhlaba wonke njenge-OECD ne-Transparency International ziye zaveza izindinganiso (umzz., i-OECD Anti-Bribery Convention) ukuze zivumelanise imithetho futhi zithuthukise ukubambisana. Nokho, ukwehluka kwezimiso zomthetho, amandla okuqinisekisa, kanye nesimo sengqondo esingokwesiko ngezipho noma izindleko zokukhokha izindleko zomphakathi kudala izinselele. Izinhlangano zezizwe eziningi zibhekene nezinkinga zokuziphatha emazweni lapho imikhuba yendawo ingase ingqubuzane nemithetho yasekhaya. Ukuqinisa ukuhlukana kwezimiso zokuziphatha nomthetho ngesilinganiso sembulunga yonke kudinga izivumelwano zokusizana ezingokomthetho, ukuhlanganisa izibophonsi, kanye nokuzibopha izimiso zezimiso zezimiso zezimiso zendawo.

Izinyathelo Zokuqinisekisa Ukuthi Uhulumeni Unecala

Ukuqeqeshwa Kwezimiso Zokuziphatha Eziwubufakazi

Izimiso ezisemthethweni ezisemthethweni ziyindlela eyisisekelo. Ukuqeqesha akufanele kuhlanganise nje imithetho kodwa kufanele kuhlanganise nezikhulu ekuziqeqesheleni ukucabanga ngezimiso zezimiso (-cases, izingxoxo zendima, izingxoxo zezinkinga. Umgomo wokwakha imisipha yezimiso ekwazi ukuboniswa lapho kuvela izindawo ezimpunga. I-Province Ethics inikeza iziteshini ezihlukene ezisebenza njengesibonelo.

Ukuqinisa Imisebenzi Yesakhelo Sasemthethweni

Imithetho kumelwe ishintshele ekusingatheni izingozi ezivelayo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuvala izikhala ezisezimalini zomkhankaso, ukuqondisa izimfuneko eziqinile, kanye nokudalula izimfuneko. Ukuhlelwa kwamagama kungadinga ukubukezwa kwezimiso zezimiso ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ziyasebenza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimiso zomthetho kufanele zihlanganise ukuqiniswa kwezimiso eziqinile zokwenza imikhakha eqinile, ukuvikela abaphenyi, kanye nezijeziso ezinengqondo zokuphulwa. [FLTRAN] Transpactive Reconstment International Resolutions Index [ ibonisa ukuvumelana okunamandla phakathi kwemikhankathi engokomthetho nenkohlakalo ephawulekayo, iqoko lokukhuza ukubaluleka kokukhuliswa okuqhubekayo komthetho.

Ubuchwepheshe Obuntekenteke Bokubona Imibala

Izindawo zokuvula amapulatifomu okwaziswa, izimemezelo zezipho nezingxabano zesithakazelo, kanye nezimiso zemishini zinciphisa amathuba okungalawuleki okufihlekile. Ubuchwepheshe bungavumela futhi ukuqondisa izakhamuzi: amatheku avumela ukulandelelwa kwangempela kwezinqumo zikahulumeni. Ngokwesibonelo, isimiso sobukhompuyutha sase-Estonia sinikeza ukufinyelela okusobala kwezenzweni nezinqumo zikahulumeni. Nokho, ubuchwepheshe bunyusa futhi ukufihla imfihlo nezindaba ze-inthanethi. Iziqondiso ze-ethebula-actraiformation zokusebenzisa i-galleration noma i-aseasething zikahulumeni kumelwe zihlanganiswe nohlelo olungokomthetho kusukela ekuqaleni.

Imizimba Ezimele Enamandla Angempela Okulawula

Amakhomishane e-Ethics khomfe, i-ombudsmen, kanye nabahloli jikelele kumelwe babe nenkululeko − kokubili i-jure ne-de codo. Lokhu kusho ukugunyaza ngemali elondekile, izinqubo zokumisa ezibavikela ekuphathweni kwezombangazwe, negunya lokuphoqelela ubufakazi nezincwadi zokungena. Kufanele futhi babe namandla okutusa isenzo sokujezisa noma ukubhekisa amacala okuqulwa. Iziluleko ze-OECD ezimayelana nobuqotho bomphakathi[[[[FLLT:1]] zigcizelela isidingo sokuphatha imizimba ephethe eqondisa yonke isimiso sobuqotho, hhayi nje kuphela izinhlangano.

Ukuhlanganyela Okukhuthaza Ukuhlanganyela Komphakathi Nokuhlanganyela Kwenhlangano

Ukulandisa akuwona umthwalo wohulumeni kuphela. Izakhamuzi, imithombo yezindaba, nezinhlangano zomphakathi zisebenza njengezindawo eziqaphile. Imithetho esekela inkululeko yokwaziswa, ivikela izintatheli, futhi ivula imihlangano yenza umphakathi ube nesibopho sokulandisa ngezikhulu. Ukuhlanganyela ekuhleleni izakhiwo, ukuhlobisa izakhamuzi, nokuzifaka emabhodini aphambili ezokuphehla imilomo, kuqinisa ukulandisa okwengeziwe. Uma izakhamuzi zibophene, azigcini nje ngokubona ukuziphatha okubi kodwa futhi zisiza ekulolongeni izindinganiso zokuziphatha ngokuxoxa. Izinhlangano zemfundo, njengoba isihloko sokuqala saphawula, zinendima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni isiko lokuziphendulela izingxoxo phakathi kwabaholi besikhathi esizayo.

Isiphetho

Ukuhlangana kwezimiso zokuziphatha nomthetho ekuphenduleni uhulumeni akuyona indawo eqinile kodwa indawo eqinile yokuzimela nokuqinisana. Umthetho unikeza izakhiwo − projectal system, inqubo yokuphoqelela, namakhambi. Izimiso zenza umphefumulo − izindinganiso ezikhuthaza ukwethemba, ukwahlulela, nokusekela isibopho sokuzibophezela okuhle komphakathi. Futhi ngeke uphumelele wedwa. Uhulumeni oncike kuphela emthethweni ungaba nomthetho oqinile noqinile; lowo oncike kuphela ezindinganisweni zokuziphatha angase angabi nasibopho sokwenza nokugcinwa. Ohulumeni abaningi abanecala bafaka kubo bobabili, baqinisekisa ukuthi izimiso zomthetho ziqinile, zisebenza kahle, futhi ziqhubeke zihlelwa, nakuba uthuthukisa ukuqeqeshwa kwesimilo esingokwesiko, ukuhola, nokubonakala.

Njengoba izinselele ohulumeni ababhekene nazo zishintsha (ukusuka kuwedwa ngemishini kuya ekukhohliseni kwembulunga yonke kuya ekubuseni isimo sezulu) isidingo semithetho eqinile yomthetho owenziwe ngemithetho elawulayo iyanda. Othisha, abamisi-mthetho, nezakhamuzi zonke kumelwe zibe nengxenye kulomzamo. Ngokuqonda nangokusingatha ubuhlobo phakathi kwezimiso zomthetho nomthetho, singakhuthaza ukubonakala sobala, ukuthembeka, nokulawula. Umgomo awukona ukuphelela kodwa uqhubekela phambili ukuya esimisweni lapho isikhulu ngasinye siqonda ukuthi ukuziphatha akuyona nje imfuneko engokomthetho kodwa isibopho sokuziphatha, futhi lapho sonke isakhamuzi sizizwa sinegunya lokufuna ukulandisa.