Table of Contents

Ukuqonda isimiso somthetho kubalulekile ezakhamuzini ezifuna ukuhlanganyela ngokukhuthele kuhulumeni wazo futhi zenze amazwi azo azwakale ezindabeni ezithinta zona. Inqubo yokushaya umthetho ingabonakala iyinkimbinkimbi futhi yesabisa ekuqaleni, kodwa ngolwazi olungokoqobo lwendlela esebenza ngayo, izakhamuzi zansuku zonke zingahlanganyela ngokuphumelelayo nabameleli bazo, izinqumo zesimiso sethonya, futhi zibe neqhaza enqubweni yentando yeningi. Lesiqondiso esibanzi sinikeza ukuqonda okuningi kakhulu esimisweni, imisebenzi, kanye nezinqubo zezimiso zomthetho, kanye namasu asebenzayo ukuze zihlanganyele embusweni yezenhlalakahleni.

Isisekelo Sezimiso Zomthetho

Izimiso zomthetho zakha umgogodla wokubusa kwentando yeningi, zisebenza njengemikhakha eyinhloko yokubeka umthetho ezizweni emhlabeni wonke. Lezizinhlangano ziguqula intando yabantu ibe yizimiso eziqinile nemithetho ebusa umphakathi. Ukuqonda indlela lezizimiso ezihlelwe ngayo nendlela ezisebenza ngayo kuyisinyathelo sokuqala sokuthembisana okuphumelelayo kwezenhlalakahle.

Siyini Isimiso Somthetho?

Isimiso somthetho singumnyango kahulumeni onomthwalo wemfanelo wokwakha, ukuphikisana, ukupholisa, nokudlulisa imithetho. UMkhandlu uyigatsha lomthetho likahulumeni. Lemikhandlu imelela izithakazelo zezakhamuzi futhi isebenza njengesehlo emandleni abaphathi nokwahlulela. Igatsha lomthetho lifeza indima ebalulekile ekulondolozeni ukulinganisela kwamandla phakathi kukahulumeni futhi liqinisekise ukuthi imithetho ibonisa izidingo nezindinganiso zomphakathi.

Izindikimba ezingokomthetho zisebenza emazingeni amaningi kahulumeni, kusukela emikhandlwini yamadolobha endawo kuya ezishaya izishaya-mthetho zezwe kuya kumaphalamende esizwe. Izinga ngalinye linegunya lalo, imibuso, nezinqubo, kodwa zonke zihlanganyela injongo efanayo yokudala imithetho ebusa imiphakathi yazo.

Izakhiwo Zemithetho Eqinile

I-Badaralism iwuhlobo lwesishaya-mthetho esihlukaniswa sibe yimihlangano, amagumbi, noma izindlu ezimbili, ezibizwa ngokuthi isishaya-mthetho se-bamaral. Lesi simiso se-kamber ezimbili sisetshenziswa emazweni amaningi emhlabeni wonke futhi sifeza imisebenzi ebalulekile enqubweni ye-avism.

Ukuqonda Isimiso Sezinsalela Ezimbili

Kusukela ngo-2022, cishe amaphesenti angu-40 ezindlu zombuso zomhlaba ayizi-bamaral, kuyilapho ubu-un - dameral bumelela amashumi ayisithupha% ngokwesizwe futhi kakhulu kakhulu ezingeni lesizwe. Isakhiwo se-bimadral sivame ukuba nendlu ephezulu nephansi, ngalinye elinezindima ezihlukile, amandla, nezindlela zokukhetha.

E-United States, lamakamelo amabili yiNdlu yabameleli neSigele. Kwamanye amazwe, angabizwa ngamagama ahlukene, njengendlu yamaCommons nendlu yamaLords eUnited Kingdom, noma iBundestag ne Bundestrat eJalimane. Naphezu kwamagama ahlukene, isimiso esiyisisekelo sihlala sifana: ukuhlukanisa amandla omthetho phakathi kwezindikimba ezimbili ukuqinisekisa ukucubungulwa nokumelelwa okuphelele.

Indlu Engezansi: Imelela Abantu

Indlu ephansi, ngokuvamile ebizwa ngokuthi iNdlu yabameleli, iklanyelwe ukumelela umphakathi ngokuqondile. Amalungu endlu yabameleli ahlukaniswa ngokusekelwe enanini lombuso. Ngokukhethekile, uhulumeni uthola ukuma okulingana okusekelwe kubantu abakhona. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi izindawo ezinemiphakathi emikhulu zinezici ezinkulu ezimelelwe kakhulu enqubeni yemithetho.

Amalungu endlu ephansi ngokuvamile asebenzisa izintambo ezimfushane kunalawo asebenza nawo endlini ephezulu, okuwenza abe nesibopho esiqondene kakhulu nabo futhi asabelele kakhulu ekushintsheni umbono womphakathi. E-United States, amalungu endlu asebenzisa amagama athatha iminyaka emibili, afuna ukuba abhekane nabavoti njalo futhi ahlale evumelana nezinkathazo zabo.

Indlu Engenhla: Ukulinganisela Izithakazelo Zesifunda

Indlu ephezulu, eyaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi iSigeqe, ngokuvamile inikeza incazelo elinganayo noma elinganiselwe kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isilinganiso sani somphakathi. Isifunda ngasinye, kungakhathaliseki ubukhulu, sinabameli ababili. Lesi sakhiwo siqinisekisa ukuthi izifunda ezincane zinezwi elibalulekile enqubweni yomthetho futhi sivimbela izikhungo ezinkulu zabantu ukuba zilawule zonke izinqumo zezimiso.

Amalungu endlu aphezulu avame ukusebenzisa amagama amade, anganikeza ukuzinza okukhulu futhi avumele ukuhlela isimiso esithatha isikhathi eside. Amagama amade avikela futhi izigebengu ngandlela-thile ekucindezeleni kwesikhashana kwezombangazwe, ngokucabanga ukuthi avumela ukwenza izinqumo ezisekelwe ekucabangeleni kakhulu kunokukhathalela okusheshayo.

Okwenza Ukungathathi Hlangothi Luyindaba

Amagumbi amabili anganikeza ungwengwezi olungaphezulu lwezinsika nezinga eliphakathi kweSishaya-mthetho. UJames Madison waphawula ukuthi ububhinabhanabhari bungadala izidumbu ezimbili ezihlukene zabantu abangase babukane futhi bahlolane. Lesimiso sifeza izinjongo eziningana ezibalulekile ekubuseni kwentando yeningi.

I - badaralism isiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi umthetho ulinganiswa futhi umiliswe ngemibono engafani futhi ihlelwe ngezindlela ezihlukene futhi idinga kuphela izikweleti ezihlukene ezidlula emagumbini amabili ahlukene ahlelwe ngendlela ehlukile, isimiso sinciphisa amathuba okusheshisa noma okungabhekwa njengomthetho obhekwa njengomthetho.

Isakhiwo se-badaral sisiza futhi ekulinganiseni izithakazelo ezincintisanayo emphakathini. Ukumiswa komthetho oyinhloko kudinga ukuvunyelwa kweningi lamalungu egumbi ngalinye lendlu yomthetho. Lemfuneko iqinisekisa ukuthi imithetho isekelwa kakhulu ezifundeni nasezindaweni ezihlukahlukene.

Inqubo Yomthetho: Indlela Ibhuloho Eliba Ngayo Umthetho

Ukuqonda inqubo ethatha isinyathelo esilandelanayo yendlela ekwakhiwa ngayo umthetho futhi emiswa ngayo kubalulekile kwizakhamuzi ezifuna ukuthonya isimiso. Inqubo yomthetho ihlanganisa izigaba eziningi, ngayinye inikeza amathuba okufakwa, ukuphikisana, nokucwengisiswa.

Isinyathelo 1: Ukungena Kwephepha Nokuvinjelwa

Noma yiliphi ilungu leSigele – elivela eNdlu noma eMzini noma abameleli – abanomqondo womthetho bangakhipha umthetho. Lemiqondo ivela kumalungu oMkhandlu ngokwawo noma kuzakhamuzi zansuku zonke nasemaqenjini okuphatha izigebengu. Leli iphuzu elibalulekile ukuba izakhamuzi ziliqonde: Akumelwe ube yisikhulu esikhethiwe ukuze simise umthetho. Imibono yakho ingaba umthetho uma ungakholisa ummisi-mthetho ukuba azixhase.

Ilungu eliyinhloko le-Congress elisekela lesi sivumelwano libizwa ngokuthi "i-sponsor". Amanye amalungu asekela lesi sivumelwano abizwa ngokuthi "i-co-sponsors". Inani nokuvelela kwe-cone-sponsors kungabonisa izinga lokusekela isambatho nesifo sokudlula.

Isinyathelo Sesibili: Isabelo Nempinda Yekomiti

Amakomiti ahlukahlukene akhiwa amalungu eSishaya - mthetho anesithakazelo esikhulu ezindabeni ezihlukahlukene njengezindaba zempilo noma zezizwe. AmaKomiti alapho umsebenzi wangempela womthetho ukhona, futhi afeza indima ebalulekile enkambisweni yokulolonga.

Uma ikomiti iphethe icala, lihlolwa ngokucophelela futhi amathuba ayo okudlula yiyo yonke i-Congress anqunyiwe. Ikomiti ingase ikhethe ngisho nokuthatha icala ukuze iqonde kangcono imiphumela yecala. Lamacala angamathuba abucayi okunikeza ubufakazi obuqand ’ ikhanda nobuchwepheshe.

Izindaba zivumela imibono yegatsha eliphethe, ochwepheshe, ezinye izikhulu zomphakathi nabasekeli, kanye nabaphikisi bomthetho ukuba babhalwe phansi.

Amandla Amakomiti

AmaKomiti anamandla amakhulu enqubo yomthetho. Uma ikomiti ingasithathi isinyathelo esikweletini, isigwebo sibhekwa njengo "sifile". Lokhu kusho ukuthi izihlalo zamalungu namalungu anethonya elikhulu lapho izindleko ziqhubeka futhi yiziphi ezingaboni kukhanya kosuku.

Amakomiti angaphansi kwekomiti ahlelwa ngaphansi kwamakomiti futhi aphinde ahlolwe ngesihloko esithile. Ngokuvamile, amakomiti athumela izikweleti ekomitini engaphansi ukuze atadishe futhi athole ukuzwa kwawo. Lesi sakhiwo esinezingqimba sivumela ukuhlolisiswa okuningiliziwe kwezindaba eziyinkimbinkimbi yizishayamthetho ezinolwazi oluthile.

Isinyathelo 3: Impikiswano Nezinqumo Ezivamile

Uma isikweleti sephuma ekomitini ngokutusa okuhle, singena phansi egumbini ukuze kuqhutshwe impikiswano. Phakathi nayo yonke inqubo kufakwa izinguquko futhi kwenziwa izinguquko ezimalini ekomitini nasesiteji seSigele nendlu. Ngakho ngokuvota kokugcina isaziso kungenzeka ukuthi sesiye saqhubeka ngokubukeza okuningana futhi sibukeka ngokuhlukile kwesivumelwano esixhaswe yikho.

Inkulumo - mpikiswano ye-floor inikeza wonke amalungu egumbi ithuba lokuxoxa ngecala, ukusikisela ukulungisa, nokusekela noma ukuphikiswa. Imithetho elawula impikiswano yendlu neSigele iyahluka phakathi kwendlu neSigele, futhi ngokwesiko ivumela ukuba kube nempikiswano eyengeziwe nendlu isebenza ngaphansi kwemingcele yesikhathi esiqinile ngenxa yobukhulu bayo.

Isinyathelo 4: Ukukhuluma Esigungwini Sokuqala

Uma isamba semali sidlula ngeningi (218 yabangu - 435), inqubo yokuvota iyisikhathi esibucayi lapho abashaya umthetho kumelwe babhale phansi khona isikhundla sabo, bebenza balandise kubantu abasebenza nabo.

Izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zamavoti zingasetshenziswa, kuhlanganise namavoti ezwi, amavoti, namavoti aqoshiwe abizwa nge-oply. Amavoti abizwa nge-roll abaluleke kakhulu ngoba akha umlando wasobala wendlela ummisi-mthetho ngamunye avota ngayo, avumela izakhamuzi ukuba ziphendule abameleli bazo.

Isinyathelo Sesihlanu: Ukucabangela Umkhandlu Wesibili

Uma igatsha elilodwa leSishaya-Mkhandlu lidlulisa leli cala, liphinde lidlulele kwelinye igatsha loMkhandlu. UBill uphinde adlulele ngenhla egatsheni lesibili loMkhandlu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi icala kumelwe libukezwe ngamakomiti, ukubuyiselwa, ukuphikisana okungase kwenzeke, nokuvota futhi futhi egumbini lesibili.

Uma enye indlu yenza izinguquko ezimalini, indlu yokuqala kumelwe ivunyelwe. Lemfuneko iqinisekisa ukuthi zombili lezi zindlu ziyavumelana ngolimi oluqondile lomthetho.

Isinyathelo 6: Ukulungisa Ukungezwani NgamaKomiti Engqungquthela

Lapho iNdlu neSigele kudlulisa izinguqulo ezihlukene zesivumelwano esifanayo, ukungefani kumelwe kuxazululwe lapho izinguqulo zeNdlu Nezigele zalencwadi ziqukethe ukungafani okukhulu futhi noma okuningi, ikomiti yengqungquthela imiswa ngokomthetho ukuze ivumelane nomehluko phakathi kwezinguqulo ezimbili ngomthetho owodwa.

Uma bevumelana ngalokho okufanele kwenziwe, ikomiti yengqungquthela izobika. Lombiko ubonisa ukuhlehla phakathi kwalamakamelo amabili futhi kumelwe ivotelwe yiyo yomibili indlu neSigele.

Uma noma imuphi umbiko wengqungquthela unqaba, izindleko ziyahluleka futhi inqubo kumelwe iphinde iqale.

Isinyathelo Sesi - 7: Isinyathelo Sobumongameli

Ngemva kokuba umbiko wengqungquthela uvunyelwe yiyo yomibili indlu neSigele, umthetho wokugcina uthunyelwa kuMongameli. Uma uMongameli evumela umthetho, uwusayina futhi ube umthetho. Nokho, uMongameli unezindlela eziningana akhetha ngazo uma enikezwa ngesivumelwano.

Uma uMongameli ephikisa izindleko, bangase bakhiphe isikweleti. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma kungekho sinyathelo esithathwayo izinsuku eziyishumi noKhongolo-kanye isifushaniso kakade, kune-"pocket". Iveto evamile ingangagqwala i-Congress, kodwa i-veto ephaketheni ayinakho.

Uma uMongameli ekhipha umthetho, uMkhandlu ungazama ukudlulisa i-veto. Uma kokubili iSigele neNdlu kudlulisa lesi sigebengu ngenani eliphindwe kathathu, i-veto igqitshwe, futhi umthetho ube umthetho. Lomnyango ophezulu uqinisekisa ukuthi i-veto iwukweqa kuphela uma kunesisekelo esikhulu semithetho yesilinganiso.

Isimiso SeKomiti: Lapho Kulolongwa Khona Umthetho

AmaKomiti avame ukubizwa ngokuthi "amahhashi asebenzayo" esishaya - mthetho ngoba enza umsebenzi oningiliziwe wokuhlola, ukucwenga, nokuthuthukisa umthetho. Ukuqonda indlela amakomiti asebenza ngayo kubalulekile kwizakhamuzi ezifuna ukuthonya inqubo yomthetho ngokuphumelelayo.

Izinhlobo Zamakomiti

Amakomiti amisha agxile ezindaweni ezithile ezikhethekile njengezolimo, imfundo, izindaba zakwamanye amazwe, noma ezokunakekela impilo. Lamakomiti asingatha wonke umthetho ophathelene nendawo yawo ephethe futhi aqhube ukuqondisa izinhlangano zikahulumeni ezihlangene nezindaba zawo.

Amakomiti akhethiwe noma akhethekile amakomiti esikhashana aklanyelwe ukuphenya izindaba ezithile noma izinkinga. La makomiti ngokuvamile agxila ezindabeni ezingafanelani kahle nemithetho yamakomiti akhona noma ezidinga ukunakwa okukhethekile.

Amakomiti ahlangene ahlanganisa amalungu asemakamelweni amabili futhi ngokuvamile agxila ezindabeni zokuqondisa noma ekuqhubeni izifundo nasekuhloleni. amakomiti eNgqungquthela, njengoba kuxoxwe ngawo ngaphambili, angamakomiti esikhashana ahlangene ukuze kuhlangane ukungafani phakathi kwezindlela zendlu neNkathi Yezikweletu.

Izindaba Zekomiti: Amathuba Okuthola Imithombo Yomphakathi

Ikomiti iphethe inkantolo yecala lomphakathi, bese ixoxa ngayo. Ukuvota ukuqeda isigwebo. Ukuqulwa kwamacala omphakathi kungamathuba abalulekile ezakhamuzi ukuba zihlanganyele enqubweni yokushaya umthetho. Phakathi nalokhu kuqulwa kwamacala, amalungu ekomiti azwa ubufakazi obuvela kochwepheshe, abafaki-mthetho, izikhulu zikahulumeni, nezakhamuzi ezivamile ngemiphumela engathi ibekwe umthetho.

Ukufakazelwa kwekomiti equlweni lomthetho kungaba indlela ephumelelayo yokuthonya umthetho. Ubufakazi obubhaliwe bunganikezwa ukuze buqondiswe embhalweni ngisho noma ungafakazi uqobo. Lokhu kuthethwa kwale zindaba kwakha umlando obala oxoxwa abashicileli bemithetho nezisebenzi zabo lapho benza izinqumo mayelana nendlela yokuvota ezikweletini.

Imibiko YamaKomiti Nokutuswa

Ikomiti ibika ukutusa kwayo ukuthi umthetho "udlulise", "udlule njengolungisiwe" noma "ungadluli". Lokhu kutusa kunezici ezibaluleke kakhulu enqubweni yomthetho. Umbiko ovumayo wandisa kakhulu amathuba emali yokudlula, kuyilapho umbiko ongathandeki ngokuvamile uveza ukuphela kohambo lwesivumelwano.

Imibiko yamakomiti futhi ihlanganisa nezincazelo eziningiliziwe ngenjongo yemali, imiphumela yayo elindelekile, nokucabanga okuhambisana nokutusa kwekomiti. Lemibiko iba yingxenye yomlando wemithetho futhi ingasetshenziswa kamuva ukuchaza injongo yomthetho.

Indlela Izakhamuzi Ezingahlanganyela Ngayo Ngokuphumelelayo Nenqubo Yomthetho

Ukuqonda inqubo yokushaya umthetho kumane kuyisinyathelo sokuqala. Ukwazi ukuthi ungahileleka kanjani ngokuphumelelayo kuleyo nqubo ukuze izwi lakho lizwe futhi lithonye inqubo. Kunezindlela eziningi izakhamuzi ezingahlanganyela ngazo esimisweni sokushaya umthetho, kusukela ezenzweni ezithatha imizuzu embalwa kuya kweminye imizamo ehilelekile ekusebenziseni igunya.

Ukuxhumana Nabameleli Bakho

Enye yezindlela eziqondile zokuthonya umthetho ukuxhumana nabameleli bakho abakhethiwe futhi ubatshele imibono yakho ezindabeni nasezikweletini. Abameli balalela ukuxhumana okuhlanganyelwe ngoba bafuna ukuqonda ukuthi yiziphi izinto kubantu abamelelayo nangenxa yokuthi bayazi ukuthi cishe abathembisene ukuvota.

Uma uthintana nabameleli bakho, cacisa futhi uqonde ngalokho obacela ukuba bakwenze. Ikhomba izinombolo eziqondile uma kungenzeka, chaza ukuthi lendaba ithinta wena noma umphakathi wakini, futhi hlonipha ngisho noma ungavumelani nezimo zabo. Izindaba zomuntu siqu nezibonelo zendawo ngokuvamile zithonya kakhulu kunamaphuzu ajwayelekile okukhuluma.

Ungathintana nabameleli ngezindlela eziningi: izingcingo, ama-imeyili, izincwadi, i-menu yezokuxhumana, nemihlangano ye-person. Indlela ngayinye inenzuzo yayo. Izingcingo no-person zivame ukuba nethonya elikhulu ngoba zidinga umzamo owengeziwe futhi zibonise isibopho esiqinile. Nokho, ama-imeyili nezinhlamvu ezibhalwe kahle zingaba ngcono, ikakhulukazi uma zikwazi ukwenza izinhlamvu zomuntu siqu.

Ukuba Khona Ezokuqulwa Kwezindaba Zomphakathi NasemaHholo Edolobha

Imihlangano yamacala omphakathi nemihlangano yasedolobheni inikeza amathuba okuhlanganyela ngokuqondile nemithetho nenqubo yomthetho. Ukuqulwa kwecala kwamakomiti kukuvumela ukuba uzwe ubufakazi obungochwepheshe, ubone indlela abashaya imithetho abasebenzelana ngayo nezindaba, futhi ngezinye izikhathi banikeze ubufakazi bakho. Imihlangano yasedolobheni ikunika ithuba lokubuza imibuzo, ukuphakamisa izinkathazo, nokuzwa izimo zommeleli wakho ezindabeni ezihlukahlukene.

Ukuze uwasebenzise ngokugcwele lamathuba, cwaninga kusengaphambili izindaba ezizoxoxwa, lungiselela imibuzo ecatshangelwe kahle, futhi ukulungele ukukhuluma ngokufingqiwe uma unikezwa ithuba. Ukuletha amanye amalungu omphakathi kanye nawe kungandisa ithonya lakho futhi kubonise abenzi bemithetho abaningi ukuthi bayayikhathalela indaba ethile.

Ukuhlanganyela Emikhankasweni Yokuphanga

Ukujoyina noma ukuhlela imikhankaso yokulawula izikhali kungandisa ithonya lakho ngokuhlanganisa imizamo yakho nenye izakhamuzi ezinezingqondo ezifana. Izinhlangano zezemfundo eqinile zivame ukuba nobuchwepheshe ekuqondiseni inqubo yomthetho, ukusungulwa kobuhlobo nabashaya umthetho, kanye nemithombo yemali ukuze zisekele imizamo ephumelelayo yokulawula izivumelwano.

Imikhankaso yokuzitika ephumelelayo ihlanganisa amasu amaningi: ukuxhumana okuhlangene, ukuxhumana kwemithombo yezindaba, isakhiwo esihlangene, nokukhuthaza imishini ehleliwe. Ngokuhlanganyela kulemikhankaso, unganikela emzamweni omkhulu lapho ufunda kubameleli abanokuhlangenwe nakho.

Ungaqala futhi umkhankaso wakho wokuzitika ngezindaba ozikhathalelayo. Lokhu kungahilela ukuhlela amalungu omphakathi, ukwenza izinto zokufundisa, ukusebenzisa imithombo yezindaba ukuze kuphakanyiswe ukuqapha, nokuhlela ukungenela kwabamisi-mthetho. Imikhankaso yamaGrassroot ingaphumelela ngokumangalisayo, ikakhulukazi ezindabeni zendawo nakuhulumeni.

Ukuhlala Nginolwazi Ngokumiswa Komthetho

Kudingeka ukuba uhlale wazi kahle ukuthi kwenzekani kusishaya-mthetho. Uma isikweleti se-ace senziwa, singatholakala kuKhongolo.gov, eyiwebhusayithi kahulumeni esemthethweni elandela umthetho kahulumeni. Izishaya-mthetho eziningi zinowebhusayithi ezifanayo lapho ungalandela khona izikweleti, ufunde khona umbhalo, ubone isimo sazo, futhi uthole ukwaziswa mayelana nokulalela kwamakomiti.

Lungiselela izixwayiso ngezindaba ozikhathalelayo ukuze waziswe uma kuqashelwa izikweleti ezifanele noma lapho kudingeka uthathe isinyathelo. Landela izindaba ze-opagist ngemithombo yezindaba ethembekile, zitholela amaphephandaba avela ezinhlanganweni zezezimali ezisebenza ezindabeni zakho, futhi hlola amawebhusayithi omthetho womthetho kanye nama-akhawunti ezokuxhumana ukuze ubone ukuthi yini abasebenza kuyo.

Ukuqonda ikhalenda lomthetho nakho kubalulekile.Ukwazi ukuthi izindleko ziyozwakala nini ekomitini, lapho kuhlelwa amavoti aphansi, nalapho kuqalwa futhi kuqedwa isimiso sokushaya umthetho kungakusiza ukuba usebenzise imizamo yakho yokulawula ukuze ubhekane nethonya elikhulu.

Ukwakha Ubuhlobo Nabaphathi Abangokomthetho

Nakuba izishaya-mthetho zingabenzi besinqumo, amalungu ezisebenzi zabo anendima ebalulekile enqubweni yomthetho. Amalungu abasebenzi acwaninga ngezindaba, abeke umthetho wokuhlela, alungise izinto, alawule izingcingo ezizimele, futhi acebise izishayamthetho ngendlela yokuvota. Ukwakha ubuhlobo nezisebenzi zomthetho kungaba indlela ephumelelayo yokuqinisekisa ukuthi izinto zakho ziyazwakala futhi ziqondaka.

Uma uxoxa nezisebenzi, qapha, nikeza ukwaziswa okunembile, futhi uhloniphe isikhathi sazo. Zimisele ukuba unikeze usizo ezindabeni onolwazi noma onolwazi.

Ukusebenzisa Amathuluzi Ezokuxhumana Nawama - computer

Imithombo yezokuxhumana isiye yaba ithuluzi elibaluleke kakhulu ekuthembiseni izakhamuzi.

Lapho usebenzisa imithombo yezokuxhumana ukuze usebenzise izintambo, phawula abameleli bakho ezikhungweni, sebenzisa ama-hashtag ukuze uhlanganyele ezingxoxweni ezibanzi, uhlanganyele ukwaziswa okunokwethenjelwa nezihloko zezindaba, futhi uhlanganyele ngenhlonipho nabanye. Khumbula ukuthi konke okufakayo kungokomphakathi futhi kuhlala njalo, ngakho londoloza umsindo wobuchwepheshe ngisho nalapho uxoxa ngezindaba eziphikisanayo.

Nokho, khumbula ukuthi la mathuluzi aphumelela kakhulu uma ehlangene nezinye izinhlobo zokuthembisana. Inqwaba yama-imeyili akhiqizwa umkhankaso we - Internet ingase ingaba nethonya elincane kunenani elincane lokuxhumana.

Ukuqonda Imithetho Ehambisana Nezikhathi Nezinombolo Ezifile

Ukuqonda ukuthi kufanele uhlanganyele nini futhi kanjani kungenza umehluko phakathi kokuqasha isikole nokuchitha isikhathi.

Iziqephu Nezinsuku Zomthetho

Izishaya-mthetho eziningi zisebenza eziqephini ezicacisiwe ngesiqalo esiqondile nangezinsuku zokuphela. Ezinye izishaya-mthetho zikahulumeni zihlangana unyaka wonke, kuyilapho ezinye zineziqephu ezilinganiselwe ezithatha izinyanga ezimbalwa kuphela. Ukuqonda ikhalenda lombuso wakho kukusiza ukuba wazi ukuthi ungagxila nini emizamweni yakho yokubusa.

Amakhalenda okugunyaza ahlanganisa izinsuku ezimisiwe zokungena kwesivumelwano, ukuqulwa kwemithetho, ukuvota kwaphansi, kanye nengxenye yokugcina. Amabhukwana angafinyeleli kulezi zikhathi ezimisiwe ngokuvamile ayafa futhi kumelwe abuyiselwe esiqephini esilandelayo. Ukwazi lezinsuku ezimisiwe kukusiza ukuba uqonde ukuphuthuma kokuthatha isinyathelo ezikweletini ezithile.

Izikhathi Ezingcono Kakhulu Zokuhlanganyela

Isikhathi esiphumelela kakhulu sokuthonya umthetho sisekuqaleni kwenqubo, ngaphambi kokuba izikhundla ziqine futhi ngaphambi kokuba izikweletu ziqhubeke kakhulu. Ukungenela isigaba sokubhala izikweletu noma ekuqaleni kokucatshangelwa kwekomiti kukunika ithuba elingcono kakhulu lokuhlela lokho okuqukethwe umthetho.

Nokho, ukuqasha i-advocation kungaba ngcono kunoma isiphi isigaba senqubo. Ngisho nangemva kokuba isikweleti sidlule ekamelweni elilodwa, ungathonya indlela esicatshangelwa ngayo egumbini lesibili. Futhi ngisho nangemva kokuba isibhamu sesidlule kuzo zombili izitobhi, ungasakusekela ukuba umphathi asayine noma ayisayishiyile.

Ukwakha ubuhlobo nabamisi-mthetho kanye nezisebenzi zabo phakathi nonyaka wekhefu, uma bengekho esiqeshini, kungaba yigugu futhi. Lokhu kulapho bevame ukufinyeleleka khona futhi benesikhathi esengeziwe sezingxoxo ezingenzeki ezimayelana nezimiso.

Ukucatshangelwa Okukhethekile: Izikhundla Ezihlukene Zikahulumeni

Nakuba lesi sihloko sigxile ngokuyinhloko ezindlu zomthetho, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi izimiso zomthetho zikhona emazingeni amaningi kahulumeni, futhi izinga ngalinye linikeza amathuba okuthembisana kwezakhamuzi.

Imithetho Yesifunda

Umthetho kazwelonke udingida izindaba zobuzwe nokubaluleka. Lenqubo iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi incintisana ngenxa yenani elikhulu labafakeli bezimali nezigxobo eziphakeme ezihilelekile. Nokho, umthetho kahulumeni ungaba nethonya elikhulu, uthinte abantu kulo lonke izwe.

Ukuhlanganyela nomthetho kahulumeni ngokuvamile kudinga ukusebenza nezinhlangano zesizwe ezisekela ukubusa, ukwakha imifelandawonye enqamule amazwe, nokulungiselelwa izintambo zesikhathi eside. Izishaya - mthetho zeFederal zimelela izimemezelo ezinkulu, ngakho ukubonisa ukusekela isikhundla sakho kabanzi kubaluleke kakhulu.

Ukubekwa Kwemithetho Kahulumeni

Izishaya - mthetho zikahulumeni zisingatha izindaba eziningi ezihlukahlukene ezithinta ngokuqondile ukuphila kwansuku zonke, kuhlanganise nemfundo, ezokunakekela impilo, ezokuthutha, ezomthetho wobugebengu, nezomthetho wezebhizinisi. Izishaya - mthetho zikahulumeni zivame ukumelela izimemezelo ezincane kunemithetho kahulumeni, okungenza ukuba izakhamuzi ngazinye zifinyeleleke kakhudlwana.

Izinqubo zemithetho kahulumeni ziyahlukahluka kakhulu kuye ngokwesifundazwe. Ezinye izifunda-zwe zinezishaya-mthetho ezingochwepheshe, ezisebenza isikhathi esigcwele ezifana neziKhongolo, kanti ezinye zinezishaya-mthetho zezakhamuzi zesikhashana ezihlangana izinyanga ezimbalwa kuphela unyaka ngamunye. Ukuqonda isimiso esiqondile sikahulumeni wakho kubalulekile ekufezeni isithembiso esiphumelelayo.

Imithetho Yasendaweni

Izinkampani zezemithetho zendawo, njengemikhandlu yedolobha nezindawo zesifundazwe, zixoxa ngezindaba ezithinta umphakathi wakini ngokuqondile, kuhlanganise nentela yendawo, izinkonzo zomphakathi, nentuthuko yomphakathi. Izishaya-mthetho zendawo ngokuvamile zitholakala kakhulu ezakhamuzini futhi zingaba omakhelwane noma abantu ohlangana nabo nsuku zonke.

Izinqubo zokushaya umthetho zendawo ngokuvamile azizona ezingokomthetho njengezinqubo zikahulumeni noma zikahulumeni, futhi izakhamuzi ngabanye zingaba nethonya elikhulu. Ukuba khona emihlanganweni kahulumeni yendawo, ukukhuluma phakathi nezikhathi zokuphendula umphakathi, nokwakha ubuhlobo nezikhulu zendawo kungaba izindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokuthonya isimiso.

Izinselele Ezivamile Nendlela Yokuzinqoba

Ukuhlanganyela nenqubo yomthetho kungaba yinselele, ikakhulukazi ezakhamuzini ezisanda kuthola ulwazi olusha lokuzilawula. Ukuqonda izithiyo namasu avamile okunqoba le mithetho kungakusiza ukuba uphumelele ngokwengeziwe.

Ukuyinkimbinkimbi Nokwaziswa Okuningi

Inqubo yomthetho iyinkimbinkimbi, futhi umthamo wokwaziswa ungakhungathekisa. Qala ngokugxila ezintweni ezimbalwa ozikhathalela kakhulu kunokuzama ukulandela yonke into. Sebenzisa imithombo ethembekile ukuze uhlale unolwazi, futhi ungesabi ukubuza imibuzo uma ungaqondi lutho.

Izinhlangano eziningi zezezimali ezikhombayo zinikeza izincazelo ezilula zezimpikiswano eziyinkimbinkimbi nomthetho. Lezi zingaba amaphuzu okuqala awusizo, kodwa njalo ziqinisekisa ukwaziswa emithonjeni eminingi futhi zifunde umbhalo ongokoqobo wezindleko ezibalulekile uma kungenzeka.

Ukuzizwa Njengezwi Lakho Akunandaba

Kulula ukuzizwa sengathi umuntu oyedwa akanakwenza umehluko enqubweni yomthetho. Nokho, izishayamthetho zinaka ukuxhumana okuhlangeneyo, ikakhulukazi uma zizwa abantu abahlukahlukene ngendaba efanayo. Izwi lakho libaluleke kakhulu kunalokho ongase ukucabange, ikakhulukazi ezindabeni ezingatholi ukunakwa.

Khumbula ukuthi abantu abaningi abahlanganyeli nakancane nenqubo yokushaya umthetho. Ngokuthatha isinyathelo, usunethonya elikhulu kunezakhamuzi eziningi. Futhi ngokukhuthaza abanye ukuba bahlanganyele ngokufanayo, ungandisa ithonya lakho.

I - partisan Polaryation

Ukuwohloka kwezombangazwe kungakhungathekisa ukuthembisana kwemithetho, ikakhulukazi uma kubonakala sengathi kufana nezishaya - mthetho zinesithakazelo esikhulu ekuxazululeni izikhundla ezihlukanisayo kunokuxazulula izinkinga.

Gxila ezindabeni kunokuba ubheke emaqenjini, yakha imifelandawonye enqamula imigqa ehlukanisayo uma kungenzeka, futhi uhlele ukufaneleka kwakho ngokwezindinganiso ezifanayo nemigomo efanayo. Imithetho ngokuvamile isabela kakhulu kubantu abaya kubo ngenhlonipho futhi igxile ezimisweni ezivamile ezikhathazayo kunokuba igxile ezindaweni zokuxoxa ezihlukene.

Isikhathi Nemithombo Elinganiselwe

Ukuqamba imali kudinga isikhathi nomzamo, okungaba yinselele kubantu abamatasa futhi abafuna imithwalo yemfanelo encintisanayo. Nokho, ngisho nezenzo ezincane zingaba nomehluko. Ucingo olunezinhlanu lungabiza ummeleli wakho, i-imeyili emfushane, noma ukuxoxa ngokwaziswa okusezingeni eliphezulu konke kuyizindlela eziwusizo zokuthembisana.

Lokhu kungase kusho ukugxila ezindabeni zendawo lapho amazwi omuntu ngamunye ebaluleke ngokwengeziwe, noma ukugxila ezindabeni zikahulumeni lapho unolwazi oluthile noma okuhlangenwe nakho okukwenza ubaluleke khona.

Ukwakha Amakhono Okufunda Asemadolobheni Amade

Ukuthembisana komphakathi okuphumelelayo kuyikhono elikhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Njengoba ufunda inqubo yomthetho, uyoba ophumelela kakhulu ekuthonyeni imiphumela yezimiso.

Ukusetshenziswa Kwesimiso Somthetho Esithuthukisiwe

Ukufunda kabanzi ngezinto ozikhathalelayo, ulandele ucwaningo olungochwepheshe futhi ufune ukuqonda imibono ehlukahlukene.

Uma uzazi wena ngokwakho unganikeza ulwazi olubalulekile abashaya imithetho abangase bangalutholi kweminye imithombo.

Ukwakha Izindawo Zokwakha Nezingosi

Ukwakha ubuhlobo nabanye abasekeli, ukujoyina izinhlangano ezisebenza ezindabeni ozikhathalelayo, nokufuna amathuba okubambisana. Amakholiji angafinyelela izinto abasekeli ngabanye abangenakukwazi ukuzifinyelela, futhi anikeza amathuba okufunda kubashisekeli abanokuhlangenwe nakho.

Ukuxhumana nabanye abasekeli kukusiza futhi ukuba uhlale wazi ngentuthuko yomthetho namathuba okuthembisana. Imizamo eminingi ephumelelayo yokuqasha iqala ngezingxoxo zethukela phakathi kwezakhamuzi ezikhathalelayo ezinquma ukusebenza ndawonye.

Ukufunda Kokuhlangenwe Nakho

Zindla ngemizamo yakho yokuqonda ukuthi iziphi izinto ezisebenzayo nalezo ezingasebenzi. Uma uphumelela ekuthonyeni umthetho, zama ukuqonda ukuthi yiziphi izici ezabangela leyo mpumelelo. Uma imizamo ingafezeki, cabangela ukuthi yini ongayenza ngokuhlukile esikhathini esizayo.

Ungadangali ngenxa yezithiyo. Ukushintsha komthetho kuthatha isikhathi, futhi imikhankaso eminingi ephumelelayo yokulawula idinga umzamo oqhubekayo ezinyangeni noma iminyaka. Ukuphikelela nokubekezela kuyizimfanelo ezibalulekile kubalweli abaphumelelayo.

Indima Yemithombo Yezindaba Enqubweni Yomthetho

Imithombo yezindaba ingayithonya ngokuphawulekayo inqubo yomthetho ngokuthuthukisa umbono womphakathi, ngokuqokomisa izindaba, nangokucindezela abashaya imithetho ukuba bathathe isinyathelo.

Ukuhlanganyela Kwezomthonjeni Wezomthofu

Izincwadi eziya kumhleli, i-op-ead, nezingxoxo nezintatheli zingasiza ekuphakameni ukuqaphela izimpikiswano futhi zithonye impikiswano yomphakathi. Imithombo yezindaba yendawo ivame ukufuna amazwi omphakathi nemibono ezindabeni zomthetho, izenze iziteshi ezifinyelelekayo zabasekeli bezakhamuzi.

Lapho uhlanganyela nemithombo yezindaba engokwesiko, lungiselela ngamaphuzu acacile, afingqiwe. Qonda izilaleli zemithombo yezindaba futhi uhlele isigijimi sakho ngokuvumelana. Yiba osabelayo lapho izintatheli zifuna ukuveza izimo, futhi wakhe ubuhlobo nezintatheli ezixoxa ngezindaba ozikhathalelayo.

Imithombo Yezobuchwepheshe Nezenhlalo

Amathelevishini avumela izakhamuzi ukuba zidlulise abagcini besango abavamile futhi zixhumane ngokuqondile nabantu abaningi.

Ukusebenzisa i-advocation esebenzayo kudinga ukungaguquguquki, ukuthembeka, nokucabanga okuhleliwe. Gxila ekudaleni izinto eziyigugu ezifundisayo futhi ezihlanganyelwa izilaleli zakho. Sebenzisa ukwaziswa nezindaba ukuze wenze indaba yakho ibe yenze ibophelele. Futhi khumbula ukuthi imfanelo ibaluleke kakhulu kunezilinganiso ezimbalwa, okungathinta kakhulu kunezinto ezihlala zikhona ezisezingeni eliphansi.

Ukucatshangelwa Komthetho Osemthethweni

Ukuzenzisa okuphumelelayo kumelwe kusekelwe ezimisweni zokuziphatha ukuze kulondolozwe ukwethenjelwa futhi kufinyelele ushintsho oluhlala njalo.

Ukwethembeka Nokunemba

Ngaso sonke isikhathi nikeza ukwaziswa okunembile kubenzi bemithetho nakwabanye abantu. Ukuhlanekezela, ukusonta, noma ukusho amanga kunganikeza izinzuzo zesikhashana kodwa ekugcineni kuzakuqeda ukwethenjelwa kwakho nokuphumelela. Uma wenza iphutha, lilungise ngokushesha.

Thembeka ngezithakazelo zakho nezisusa. Abameli bazisa ukuba sobala ngokuthi umelela bani nokuthi yini ozama ukuyifinyelela. Izinhlelo ezifihliwe nezimpi ezingaziwa zesithakazelo zingaqeda ukwethembana futhi ziphazamise ikhono lakho lokuthonya isimiso.

Inhlonipho Nomphakathi

Phatha abamisi-mthetho, izisebenzi, nabanye abasekeli bemithetho ngenhlonipho, ngisho nalapho ungavumelani nabo. Ukuhlasela komuntu siqu, ukusongela, nokuhlukumeza akwamukeleki futhi akuzuzisi imigomo yakho yokufuna ukuxhaphaza. Khumbula ukuthi umphikisi wanamuhla kolunye uhlobo angase athathe umgomo wekusasa komunye.

Umphakathi awusho ukugwema imibuzo enzima noma ukulwa okuqinile. Ungaqina futhi uphikelele kuyilapho usahlonipha futhi uqeqeshiwe.

Ukusondelana Nokumelela

Uma ukhuthaza izinguquko zesimiso, cabangela ukuthi ubani ozothinteka futhi uqinisekise ukuthi iziphi izinkulumo ezihlukene zikhona engxoxweni. Qaphela amalungelo akho siqu nokulinganiselwa, futhi sebenzela ukuphakamisa amazwi angase angangeni enqubweni yokushaya umthetho.

Ukwakha imifelandawonye ehlanganisa zonke futhi kuqinisekisa ukuthi amakhambi esimiso ayasebenza kuwo wonke umuntu kuqinisa kokubili ukuqapha kwakho kanye nomthetho olandelayo.

Imithombo Yokuqhubeka Ufunda Nokuhlanganyela

Kutholakala imithombo eminingi yokusiza izakhamuzi ukuba zihlanganyele ngokuphumelelayo nenqubo yokushaya umthetho.

Imithombo Kahulumeni

Amawebhusayithi kahulumeni agunyaziwe anikeza ukwaziswa okunegunya ngenqubo yomthetho, ukulandelela izimemezelo, ukuxhumana nemithetho nezimiso zekomiti.

Izindikimba eziningi zemithetho zinikeza ukuhambela amazwe, izinhlelo zemfundo, namathuba okubona inqubo yokushaya umthetho isebenza.

Izinhlangano Zezemvume

Izinhlangano ezingazuzisi zezempatho ezisebenza ezindabeni ozikhathalelayo zinganikeza ukuqeqesha, imithombo, namathuba okuthembisana. Lezizinhlangano zivame ukuba nolwazi olujulile kokubili ezindabeni zezimiso nasemaqhingeni okulawula. Eziningi zinikeza izinhlelo zokuqeqesha ukuqeqeshela ukubopha, amathuluzi, kanye nokweluleka abameleli abasha.

Bheka izinhlangano ezinemibhalo egciniwe eqinile, imisebenzi ekhanyayo, nezindinganiso ezivumelana nezakho. Cabangela kokubili izinhlangano zezwe namaqembu otshani bendawo, njengoba ngayinye inikeza izinzuzo namathuba ahlukene.

Izinkolo Nezindlela Zokucabanga Ezifundisayo

Izinhlangano ezingekho mthethweni, izinhlangano zokucwaninga, kanye nezingqondo ziveza ukuhlaziywa okubalulekile kwezindaba zezimiso nenqubo yomthetho. Nakuba lezinhlangano zingaba nemibono ethile, zinganikeza ukucwaninga okusuka ekujuleni kanye nokuhlaziya okunikeza ulwazi oluphumelelayo lwezekhono.

Izifundo zezokufundisa, izinkulumo zeningi nemithombo yemfundo etholakala kuyi - Internet kungakusiza ukuba uqonde uhulumeni, isimiso nokungagunyazi.

Ukuthatha Isinyathelo: Izinyathelo Ozothatha

Ukuqonda isimiso somthetho kubaluleke kakhulu, kodwa amandla angempela avela ngokusebenzisa lolo lwazi. Nazi izinyathelo eziqinile ongazithatha ukuze uqale ukuhileleka enqubweni yomthetho:

  • Lungisa abameleli bakho emazingeni kahulumeni, kazwelonke, nawendawo. Funda amagama abo, ukwaziswa kokuthintana, izabelo zamakomiti, nezikhundla ezindabeni ozikhathalelayo.
  • Khetha umbango owodwa noma emibili [ owuthanda futhi ofuna ukugxila kuyo. Ukuqala ngokugxila kancane kuzokusiza ukuba uphumelele kakhulu kunokuzama ukuhileleka kunoma iziphi izinto.
  • Signome ezixwayisini zezishayamthetho ezivela kumawebhusayithi kahulumeni nasezinhlanganweni zezempatho ukuze waziswe uma kufakwa izikweleti ezifanele noma lapho kudingeka isenzo.
  • Hlanganisa kuqala [ nommisi-mthetho. Biza, imeyili, noma ubhale ukuze usho imibono yakho kumagazini wamanje noma isikwele. Ungakhathazeki ngokuba ophelele(-legilators) ufuna ukuzwa kuma-accomption ngisho noma ungeyena uchwepheshe.
  • Wahlanganisa umhlangano wasobala njengehholo ledolobha, ukuqulwa kwekomiti, noma isimiso sikahulumeni wendawo. Ukuqaphela inqubo esenzweni kuzokujulisa ukuqonda kwakho futhi kukusize ukuba uthole amathuba okuthembisana.
  • Zixhumene nabanye [ abahlanganyela isithakazelo sakho. Hlanganisani nenhlangano yokuzibandakanya, ukuba khona emihlanganweni yomphakathi, noma ukuqala izingxoxo nabangane nomakhelwane ngezinto ozikhathalelayo.
  • Ukuhlanganisa nokuthembisana okuqhubekayo. Ukuphumelela ekufundiseni kudinga umzamo oqinile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Beka imigomo enengqondo yokuthi uzohlala kanjani uhilelekile, noma ucingo olulodwa ngenyanga, ukuba khona emihlanganweni yesine, noma ukunikezela amahora ambalwa ngesonto emsebenzini wokubhalisa.
  • [ Hlanganisa lokho okufundayo [ nabanye. Siza abangane, umkhaya, namalungu omphakathi ukuba baqonde inqubo yomthetho nendlela abangahlanganyela ngayo. Ukwandisa izivumelwano zomphakathi kuzuzisa wonke umuntu.

Isiphetho: Amandla Okwazi Ukuba Izakhamuzi

Ngokuqonda indlela isimiso somthetho esisebenza ngayo nendlela yokuhileleka ngokuphumelelayo, izakhamuzi zansuku zonke zingaba nethonya langempela emithethweni nasezimisweni ezibusa ukuphila kwazo.

Intando yeningi idinga ukuthatha isinyathelo esinengxenye, abameli kudingeka bezwe kubantu ababaphetheyo ukuze baqonde izidingo zomphakathi, baqonde umbono womphakathi futhi benze izinqumo ezibonisa ulwazi. Uma izakhamuzi zihlanganyela enqubweni yokushaya umthetho, ziqinisa intando yeningi futhi zisiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi uhulumeni umelela abantu ngempela.

Amakhono nolwazi olwenzayo ngokuthembisana umthetho kuyokusiza kukho konke ukuphila kwakho. Uzoba umvoti onolwazi olungcono, ummeleli ophumelela kakhulu, nelungu elithembiswe ukukhokhela umphakathi wakini. Uzoba ulingisa nokuhlanganyela komphakathi kwabanye, ikakhulukazi intsha efunda ukuthi kusho ukuthini ukuba isakhamuzi esikhuthele.

Khumbula ukuthi ushintsho luvame ukwenzeka ngokuphazima kweso. Ungangawinwa yonke impi noma ubone imiphumela esheshayo yemizamo yakho yokufuna ukuxhaphaza. Kodwa noma iluphi ucingo, i-imeyili, ingxoxo ngayinye, nabo bonke abavoti banengxenye emsebenzini omkhulu wokubusa kwentando yeningi. Izindaba zakho zokuhlanganyela, futhi izwi lakho lifanelwe ukuzwiwa.

Isimiso somthetho singesazo zonke izakhamuzi, hhayi nje kuphela ezikhethweni, abasekeli bezindaba, noma izithakazelo ezikhethekile. Ngokufunda indlela esebenza ngayo futhi uhlanganyele kuyo ngenkuthalo, uthi unendawo yakho efanelekile enqubweni yentando yeningi.

Qalisa lapho ukhona, usebenzise onakho, wenze konke ongakwenza.

Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe ngenqubo yombuso neyomthetho, vakashela USA.gov's iziqondiso zokuthi imithetho yenziwe kanjani kanye ne-'FLT] Conreg.gov[ ukulandelela umthetho kahulumeni. Iwebhusayithi yakho yesizwe izonikeza imithombo efanayo yesivumelwano sombuso, futhi iwebhusayithi yakho kahulumeni yendawo iyakuba nolwazi mayelana nokuhlanganyela ezimisweni zezimiso zezimiso ze-mthetho.