Isingeniso

Isinqumo senkantolo enkantolo siphawula ukuphela kwecala lomphakathi, kodwa kuleyo mpi ekhona, umsebenzi wangempela uqala ngemva kokushaya umthetho. Ukuthola isahlulelo kuyingxenye yempi. ukuphoqelelwa kwezahlulelo zomphakathi [ kuguqula isinqumo esilotshiwe sibe usizo lwangempela, cishe okusho ukwamukela imali, ukumisa ukuziphatha okulimazayo, noma ukucacisa amalungelo angokomthetho. Ngaphandle kokushaya umthetho, izahlulelo ziba yizingxenyana zephepha, zilulaza ubuqotho besimiso somthetho. Lokhu kuhlola zonke izigaba zenqubo yokugcinwa kwemithetho, kusukela ekuqondeni ukuthi iziphi izahlulelo zomphakathi ezikhona ukuze kukhishwe izivumelwano eziyinkimbinkimbi ezitholakalayo ukuze kuqondwe.

Ukuqubuka kwezivumelwano, ukulimala komuntu siqu, impahla, izikweletu, kanye nomkhaya. Uma inkantolo ikhipha isahlulelo, iveza isibopho esigunyaziswa ngokomthetho. Kodwa indlela kusukela kuleyo sinqumo ukuya eqoqweni lomklomelo ngokuvamile igcwele izithiyo. Izikweleti zingafihla impahla, amafayela okukhokha imali, noma zimane nje zingasinaki isahlulelo. Imithetho yombuso nohulumeni inikeza ithuluzi lokugunyaza, kodwa ngayinye idinga ukugcinwa ngokucophelela. Lesi sihloko sikhipha lawomathuluzi, sichaza izinselele, futhi sinikeza isiqondiso esisebenzayo kubantu ababolengi bakubo nabameli babo.

Ukuqonda Isahlulelo Sombango

Ukwahlulela komphakathi kuyisinqumo sokugcina senkantolo esenzweni somphakathi, ukuxazulula amalungelo nezikweletu zamaqembu. Izahlulelo kungaba yizo zomonakalo wemali (ukukhokha, ukukhipha isijeziso, noma ukuphatha) ukwenza okuthile (uwine ukuba enze okuthile), noma ukukhulula (ukwenza ubudlelwane obungokomthetho ngaphandle kokuyala). Isahlulelo kumelwe sibe yiyo [[FLT: 0] ukwenziwa [[FT:1] kanye nokungaphathwayo [[FLT:]] [[FLT]]] ukuphoqwala, nakuba imiyalo yokubulisa ingenziwa iphoqelelwe, noma ihlelwe uma iphakathi kwemithetho ephakathi.

Izahlulelo azizinqumi. Umboleki-cala, obizwa ngokuthi umtsheleli wokwahlulela , kumelwe athathe izinyathelo zokuvuma ukuqoqa eqenjini elilahlekileyo, ukwahlulela okunecala [[. Umboleki-cala kumelwe alandele izinqubo eziqondile ezimiswe umthetho lapho kufunwa khona umthetho. Izinkantolo ze-Federal Imithetho ye-Procectedurement ezahlulele indulo zazo, kodwa umthetho ulawula ukugcinwa kwezahlulelo zenkantolo. Izahlulelo zikahulumeni, 69 zemithetho ye-Foderal Revial Proctures Relation Reviorcel Reviordernment Red Requencesting (nezehlulelo nesemyondlayo) ngokusekela inqubo yemithetho yesizwe kanye nenqubo yezomthetho yezehlulelo.

Imibono Engokomthetho Eyinhloko Ezinqumweni Zomphakathi

  • I-Lien e-Jigment: Uma kungena isahlulelo, ezindaweni eziningi ngokuzenzekelayo sikha isakhiwo sangempela sobolekwayo esisendaweni lapho kubhalwe khona isahlulelo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa indawo yanoma isiphi isikweleti noma kamuva kuthola esikweletu, kuvimbele ukuthengiswa ngaphandle kokwanelisa isikweletu.
  • Isithakazelo seposi: Izahlulelo eziningi ziveza isithakazelo kusukela osukwini lokungena kuze kukhokhelwe. Isilinganiso sibekwa ngomthetho kahulumeni noma, ezimweni ezihlukahlukene, ngomthetho kahulumeni. Ababosheli kumelwe babale futhi bahlanganise isithakazelo esihlanganiswe kunoma isiphi isidingo.
  • Ukuvuselelwa kokwahlulela: Izahlulelo zinesilinganiso esilinganiselwe sokuphila ("impela iminyaka eyishumi kuya ku-20 kuye ngesimo."Ngaphambi kwesiphelo sesiphelo, umkweleti kumelwe afake inqubo yokuvuselela noma athathe ezinye izinyathelo zokunwebisa ukwahlulela. Ukuhluleka ukuvuselela kungacima isikweletu.
  • Izahlulelo zobuhlanga: Ukwahlulela okuvela kwesinye isifunda kungaphoqelelwa kwesinye isimo ngaphansi kokholo olugcwele nomthetho-sisekelo ka-Claus Claus e-U.S.. I-FUNIX Enforcement of Foreign Justice Act (UUFJA) inikeza inqubo yokubhalisa elandelanayo emazweni amaningi. Izahlulelo zomhlaba wonke ziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi zidinga ukucatshangelwa kwezibopho zesivumelwano nokuthatha izivumelwano.

Inqubo Yokuthola Isahlulelo Sombango

Izinyathelo eziholela ekwahluleleni zimisa ukuphoqelelwa kwaso. Ukuphenya izimfuneko ezingokwesiko kamuva kunganikeza izaba ezikweletayo ukuba zishiye isahlulelo.

Isinyathelo Sokuqala: Ukuqeda Ukukhononda

I-paltiff ifaka isikhalo enkantolo efanelekile (yombuso noma ye-guvernel, kuye ngesilinganiso sombuso nesilinganiso sempikiswano). Ukukhononda kumelwe kusho ukuthi kufanele kukhululeke, kuhlanganise namacala ayiqiniso, futhi kukhanye ikhambi elifunwayo. Kumelwe lisayinwe ummeli noma ummeli, ongaphansi kokubusa izijeziso ezingu-11 zamafa ayize.

Isinyathelo Sesibili: Inkonzo Yenqubo

Umsebenzi wenqubo imfuneko efunwa ngumthetho-sisekelo. Ummangalelwa kumelwe amukele isaziso esingokomthetho sokumangalelwa nethuba lokuzwakala. Inkonzo kumelwe ilandele imithetho yezwe eliphetheyo − ngokujwayelekile ukuthunyelwa komuntu siqu, ukuthunyelwa kowakhe endlini yommangalelwa, noma inkonzo ngeposi ngokuvuma. Inkonzo engafanelekile inganikeza izehlulelo futhi ingaphoqelelwa.

Isinyathelo 3: Ukusabela Nokuthola

Ummangalelwa unesikhathi esilinganiselwe (ngokuvamile izinsuku ezingu 20 kuya kwezingu-30) sokufaka impendulo noma ukunyakaza. Uma ummangalelwa ehluleka ukuphendula, ummangalelwa angafuna isahlulelo esingaphumi. Ukuthola kuqala: uphenyo, izicelo zokukhiqizwa, izicelo zokufakwa kwemvume. Lengxenye ibaluleke kakhulu ekwakheni ubufakazi nasekuhloleni amathuba okuhlawulwa. Isakhiwo sakuqala singasindisa kokubili izindleko zomthetho nenkongobo yecala.

Isinyathelo 4: Ukuqulwa Uvivinyo Nokwahlulela

Uma kungekho kusihlulwa, icala liqhubekela ecaleni (isinqumo sokwahlulela) noma icala lokwahlulela. Ngemva kokuzwa ubufakazi nezimpikiswano, inkantolo ithatha isahlulelo. Isahlulelo semali kumelwe sisho isilinganiso esiqondile; umyalo kumelwe uchaze ukuziphatha okunqatshelwe noma okudingekayo ngokuqondene. Inkantolo ingaphinde ikhokhe izindleko nenkokhelo yommeli uma igunyaziwe ngesivumelwano.

Isinyathelo 5: Ukuhamba Nokukhanga Kwangemva Komshoshaphansi

Ngemva kokwahlulela, iqembu elilahlekelwayo lingase lifake inquzumo yangemva kwenkantolo (umzk., ukunyakazisa ukuqulwa kwecala elisha noma ukuthathwa kwesinqumo). Lokhu kumele kuxazululwe ngaphambi kwesicelo. Ukudluliswa kwaso kungagcinwa ngaphandle kokuba inkantolo ikhiphe iziyalezo ngenye indlela noma i-applatellant i-gallery yesibopho esithathelwe indawo. Isibopho siqinisekisa ukuthi uma isahlulelo siqinisekiswa, izimali zikhona. Abakhokhi-mza-msekeli akumelwe bazame ukuphoqelela ukuba kugcinwe phakathi nendawo ezenzekelayo ngaphandle kokuba inkantolo igunyaze.

Izinhlobo Zezahlulelo Zomphakathi

Izahlulelo zombango zingezigaba eziningana, ngayinye ethinta izindlela zokuphoqelela ukugcinwa kwamaphoyisa. Ukuqonda uhlobo lokwahlulela kubalulekile ekukhetheni inqubo efanele yokuqoqa iminikelo.

Isahlulelo Se - monetary

Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu, ukwahlulela kwemali kuyala onecala ukuba akhokhe isamba semali. Imali ingahlanganisa izindleko zokukhokha izindleko (ukulahlekelwa okungokoqobo), isijeziso (ofuna ukujezisa ukuziphatha okungafanele), umonakalo womthetho (ngokubekwa ngokomthetho, ngokuvamile ngaphandle kobufakazi bokulimala kwangempela), kanye nokunqunywa kusengaphambili noma inzalo yangemva kokulahlwa. Izahlulelo zemali zigxile ekutholeni nasekuthatheni impahla ekweletayo.

Izahlulelo Ezingalawuleki

Isiyalo siyala umyali ukuba enze okuthile (isiyalezo) noma ugweme ukwenza okuthile (isiyalezo). Izibonelo ezivamile zihlanganisa ukuvimbela iziyalezo, iziyalo zokususa ukungezwani, neziqondiso zokunqanda ukuphambana. Ukuphoqelelwa kwemithetho kungokuthatha izicelo zendelelo, lapho inkantolo ingaphoqelela khona isikhathi sokungathathi mithetho noma sokugqunywa ejele. Abakhokhi abafuna ukuphoqelela isahlulelo esihlanganisa ukukhulula okumelwe kubuyele enkantolo yokukhipha iminikelo esikhundleni sokusebenzisa izindlela ezivamile zokuqoqa iminikelo.

Izahlulelo Zokumemezela

Isahlulelo esikhipha iziphakamiso siveza amalungelo nezibopho zamaqembu ngaphandle kokuyala noma isiphi isenzo. Ngokwesibonelo, inkantolo ingase imemezele ukuthi isivumelwano siyasebenza, ukuthi iqembu linelungelo lokusebenzisa uphawu, noma ukuthi isimiso somshuwalense sinikeza isiqinisekiso. Izahlulelo zokumemezela zigunyazwa ngezenzo ezilandelayo ukuze kukhululwe uma omunye enqaba ukuvumelana nesinqumo. Ngokuvamile, isimemezelo ngokwaso sixazulula impikiswano ngaphandle kokuqiniswa.

Izahlulelo Zephutha

Isahlulelo esinephutha singeniswa uma ummangalelwa ehluleka ukuvela noma ukusabela ekukhonondeni. Lokhu kuseyinto eqikelelwa ngokugcwele, kodwa kusengozini kakhulu yokungavumelani nezizathu ezilinganayo. Ababolekisayo abaqoqa izahlulelo zephutha kufanele baqinisekise ukuthi inkonzo yenqubo yayilungile; kungenjalo, onecala angase abeke inselele ukugcinwa kwemithetho kamuva. Izimo eziningi zidinga ukulalelwa ngengozi yezahlulelo ezizenzakalelayo, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yomonakalo ongaxazululwanga.

Ukuphoqelelwa Kwezahlulelo Zombango: Ubuciko Nezindlela

Ukuphoqelelwa kuqala uma isahlulelo sesigqi sokugcina futhi singahlali. Umkweleti kumelwe aqale athole onecala futhi athole izinto. Lokhu ngokuvamile kuyingxenye enzima kakhulu. Uma nje sekutholakele impahla, umthetho unikeza amathuluzi amaningana anamandla.

Ukuthola Okuthile: Ukuthola Lokho Onezikweleti Ezinakho

Phambi kokusebenzisa izindlela zokuqinisekisa, umkweleti kumelwe azi ukuthi yiziphi izinto ezikhona nokuthi zikuphi. Inkantolo ingayala onecala ukuba avele ukuze ahlolwe ukwahlulela ngokufakelwa (obizwa nangokuthi ukuhlolwa kwecala noma ukuqhubekeka komsebenzi). Kulokhu kuzwakala, onecala kumelwe aphendule imibuzo ekhokhelwayo ngenkokhelo, ama-akhawunti ebhange, impahla yangempela, izimoto, nezinye izinto. Obolekisayo angaveza isibopho sokuboshwa noma ukudelelwa. Futhi umnini-poena wesithathu ofana namabhange omqashi bemibhalo. Ezizweni eziningi, umuntu obolekisa imali angafuna ukukhiqiniswa kwentela nezitayela zemali, amarekhodi, amarekhodi omphakathi, neminye imisebenzi yokuxhumanisa.

Ingubo Eyisicathulo Esaphukayo

Ukukhokhwa kwemali ebhajwa ngecala kungenye yezindlela ezivamile neziphumelela kakhulu zokuqinisekisa ukugcinwa kwemali. Inkantolo iyala umqashi okweletayo ukuba agodle ingxenye yomholo obolekwayo futhi awukhokhele ngokuqondile kumphathi wokwahlulela. Umthetho we-Federal ulinganisela isilinganiso esingaba yimali engalahlwa engaphansi kwe 25% yemali elahlwayo noma imali elahlwayo ephindwe ka-30 ngenkokhelo kahulumeni (15 U.S.C. . .673). Izinhlobo ezithile zemali ehliswayo, njengenzuzo ye-Social Security, nenkokhelo yabantwana, ngokuvamile igwenywa ekukhokheleni. Umkhokhiso kumelwe asebenze uhlelo lwemali olusemthethweni lwe-garnnishton elandela imibandela engokomthetho (impoqolo).

Ama - alkeria E - bank

Ibhange lithatha imali ebhange. Umkweleti uthola imvume yokubulawa noma yokukhokhwa enkantolo futhi ayisebenzise ebhange. Ibhange lifaka ibhande iqhwa ngesikhathi sokushaya umthetho (ngokuvamile izinsuku ezingu-10 kuya kwezingu-30) bese lithumela imali enkantolo noma kumninimali. Ukukhipha imali efana nenzuzo ye-Social Security kungavikelwa uma i-akhawunti iqukethe ifa lendaweni kuphela, kodwa izimali ezikhokhwayo zingaba yinkinga. Abakhokhi bezimali kumelwe bafake ikheli lokuzi ukuthi baphucelwe ukukhululwa ukuze baphinde bakhokhe izimali ezivikelwe. Ababolenti kufanele benze ngokushesha ngenxa yokuthi abanecala bangahoxa bengazi imali ngemva kokufunda i-levy.

Amanga Nempahla Nokukhokhwa Kwayo

Uma kungena ukwahlulela futhi kubhalwe, kwakha isahlulelo esisendabeni yangempela yokweleta esifundeni. Umkweleti wesahlulelo angabona phambili kamuva kuleyondawo engekho, aphoqelele ukuthengiswa kwempahla. Imvume yokwahlulela ngamaphutha iwumthetho ohlukile. Imali ekhokha isahlulelo (kuhlanganise nenzalo egciniwe) kanye nezindleko. Isikhululo sekhaya esikweletayo singavikela ezinye izikhulu, kodwa lokhu kuyahluka ngokwezwe. Kwezinye izahlulelo zibophela kuyo yonke indawo yangempela, kuhlanganise nendawo yokuhlala okukweleta imali; kwezinye, zibopha kuphela impahla engakhokhiwe noma izindleko ezingafanele ngaphandle kwendlu ekhululekile.

Ukuphangwa Kwempahla Yomuntu Siqu

Isikhulu sesizwe singathatha impahla yaso siqu ephathekayo −vehicles, imishini, izibalo, ithengiswe, ithengiswe entengiselwaneni yomphakathi ukuze yanelise isahlulelo. Obolekayo unelungelo lokuqaphela nethuba lokukhipha ukukhululeka. Izifunda eziningi zikhulula izimpahla ezidingekayo zasekhaya, amathuluzi ohwebo, nenani elithile lempahla yomuntu siqu. Abakhokhi kufanele bahlole inani lempahla yokuthengiswa kwempahla; bathathe impahla ngokuvamile ithengiselwa imali engaphansi kakhulu kwenani lezentengiselwano. Uma impahla yalowo muntu enecala ingenamali etheni noma igcwele kakhulu, ukuthatheka okungakhokhi imali.

Ukuhlela Iziqondiso Zezithakazelo Zebhizinisi

Uma onecala enasithakazelo esisemshadweni noma enkampanini elinganiselwe yokukhokha izikweleti, umkweleti angathola umyalo okhokhelwayo. Lokhu kunikeza obolekayo ilungelo lokwamukela izimpahla ezizothunyelwa kobolekwayo. Umyalo okhokhelayo awunikeli lowo obolekwe imali noma amalungelo okuvota; umane uhlanganisa inzuzo yemali yobolekwayo. Leli yithuluzi elivamile lokuqoqa abanikazi bebhizinisi.

Ukuthola Inzuzo

Kwezinye izimo, inkantolo ingamisa isamukeli ukuba silawule impahla yobolekwayo futhi siyilawule ukuze kuzuze obolekwe isahlulelo. Ukuthola isigwebo kuyikhambi elinzima, eligcinelwe amacala lapho obolekwe imali ekhokhwa khona noma impahla yokufihla. Umniniyo angaqeda impahla, aqoqe izintela, futhi adlulise icala kwabathathu.

Ukulahlwa Kwenkantolo

Izahlulelo ezidinga izenzo ezithile (njengokuguqula impahla noma ukugwema ukuziphatha okuthile), inkantolo ingathola onecala edelela ukungalaleli. Ukuxoshwa kungaphumela ekukhokheleni, ekukhokheleni imiklomelo, noma isikhathi sokuvalelwa ejele. Nokho, izinkantolo azinakumbopha ityala lokuhluleka ukukhokha isahlulelo semali uma onecala ehluleka ukukhokha ikhono lokukhokha ukukhokha isigwebo."Ngakho ukuboshwa okunjalo kungaphula umthetho owenqabela amajele anecala.

Izinselele Ekwahluleleni

Ngisho noma kunamathuluzi aqinile angokomthetho, ukuphoqelelwa kwemithetho ngokuvamile kuyahluleka ngoba abanamacala avimbela ukwahlulela (ayikho impahla noma iholo), noma bathatha izinyathelo zokuvikela impahla. Abakweletayo kumelwe bazimisele ukunqoba izithiyo ezivamile.

Ukuwohloka Kwemali Yesikweletu

Uma ababolekisi ababoleleke imali ewile, ukuhlala okuzenzekelayo kumisa yonke imizamo yokuqoqa. Isikweleti sokwahlulela singakhishwa ngeSahluko 7 ngaphandle kokuba singakhokhelwa (umz., ukukhohlisa, ukulimala kwangamabomu, ukusekela kwasekhaya). ESahlukweni 13, onecala angakhokha isikweleti ngesu elingaphezu kweminyaka emithathu namihlanu. Ababolekwane kufanele bafake ubufakazi bokuzibopha nento ethile uma ikhona isisekelo. I-Bankruptic idinga uchwepheshe ngenxa yemithetho eyinkimbinkimbi.

Ukuthuthwa Okucashile Noma Okukhohlisayo

Abakweleti bangase bazame ukufihla izinto ngokuzidlulisela emalungwini omkhaya, kubangane, noma emagobolondo. I-Uniform Faccentirunt Treaunt Act [UFT] noma i-'i-UFT] entsha'e-UFLT]UNUISFUIS COM [[ I-ULTRANCESTS] I-Act [[ [UVTA]] [imvume] (UVTA]) ivumela abakweletayokususa okudluliswayo ukuba bavinjelwe, bephuze, noma benziwe ngenani elilinganayo ngesikhathi abakweletayo bengena ngokungenayo. Ababosheli-mali kumelwe basebenze phakathi komthetho wokulinganiselwa (ngokulinganayokusuka ekudlulisweni kweminyaka emine ukuya kwesithupha). Ukukhomba ukukhomba okudinga ubufakazi obuthola noma ukuphenya.

Izici Eziyisihlengo

Izindawo ezithile zikhululwa ekubulaweni. Ukungakhokhi okuvamile kuhlanganisa ishedi (amaRandi ayizinkulungwane ezimbalwa), imoto (ngokuvamile engamaRandi ambalwa), impahla yasekhaya, izingubo, amathuluzi ohwebo, nezinzuzo zomphakathi. Umthetho kahulumeni unikeza intethelelo yawo siqu emacaleni awile, kodwa umthetho kahulumeni usebenza ezivumelwaneni eziningi zokuphoqelelwa. Abakhokhi-mali kumelwe bahlole ababoshelwe ukuhoxa futhi bakuphikise uma onecala esebenzisa kabi isivikelo.

Ukuphoqelela ukuhleleka kwesiphambano

Uma onecala ethuthela kwesinye isifunda, umkweleti kumelwe afake isahlulelo esimweni esisha esebenzisa i-UEFJA. Lokhu kuhilela ukugcwalisa ikhophi eqinisekisiwe yesahlulelo kanye nemvume kumphathi wenkantolo entsha. Uma esekhonjwe, isahlulelo siphathwa njengesahlulelo sendawo futhi zonke izindlela zokuqinisekisa zikhona. Ukuqinisekisa ukugcinwa kwamandla ezwe lonke, isimo sinzima kakhulu. Amanye amazwe anezivumelwano zokugcinwa kwemithetho yesivumelwano ne-U.S., kodwa amaningi awadingi ukukhokhiswa. Abakhokhi bamatyala kungadingeka ukuba badlulisele isahlulelo ezweni lakwamanye amazwe noma bathembele ekusebenzeni.

Isilinganiso Sokulinganiselwa Nesigubhu

Izahlulelo ziphila ukuphila okulinganiselwe, ngokuvamile iminyaka engu-10-20. Umkweleti kumelwe avuselele ukwahlulela ngaphambi kokuphela, noma akuphoqelelwe. Ukubuyiselwa kuvame ukwenziwa ngokuhlela nokukhonza onecala. Ezinye izigodlo zivumela ukuvuselelwa okunganqunyiweyo; ezinye zilinganisela inani lokuvuselelwa. Uma umkweletwayo elindele isikhathi eside kakhulu ukuba kuphoqelelwe, imfundiso ye-laches ingaqoqwa uma ukulibala kucwasa onecala.

Amacebiso Awusizo Kwabakweleta Isahlulelo

  1. [ nyakazisa ngokushesha. Uma uqala ngokushesha ukugcinwa kwemithetho, uma isikweleti singasasebenzi kahle, kufanele silahle izinto. Ihele lokuthola ngemva kokwahlulela ngokushesha.
  2. phenya impahla yobolekwayo ngaphambi kokuba usebenzise imali egcinwe emkhosini. Sebenzisa amarekhodi omphakathi, imithombo yezindaba, nemibiko yokuthenga ngesikweletu. Cabangela ukuqasha umhloli wasese wamacala aqinile.
  3. Yaqopha isahlulelo kuzo zonke izifunda lapho izimali ezibolekile zikhona. Lokhu kwenza uqashelwa esabelweni futhi kuninika indawo yokuqala kunabakweletayo kamuva.
  4. [ Isivumelwano sokucabangela. Ngokuvamile ukukhokha igaxa lokuncishiswa kwesigamu esingaphansi kokwahlulela okuphelele kungcono kunokuthatha iminyaka eminingi yokuziphendulela. Sebenzisa isivumelwano sokukhokha ngokuvuma ilungiselelo lokwahlulela.
  5. Gcina amarekhodi azo zonke izindleko zangemva kokwahlulela nenzalo. Ungawabuyisa ngaphezu kokwahlulela okuyinhloko, kodwa kumelwe ukwazi ukuwafakazela.
  6. [[FLT: 0] Ikhonti lommeli othole imvume esemthethweni yokwahlulela. imithetho kaHulumeni ihluka kakhulu, futhi ukuphambuka kungalenza lingakhinyabeze i-levy noma i-garnit.

Isiphetho

Ukugcinwa kwezahlulelo zomphakathi kuyisici esikhethekile somthetho odinga ulwazi lwenqubo, ukutholakala kwempahla, nemithetho yokukhulula. Nakuba le nqubo ingathatha isikhathi eside futhi ikhungathekise, umthetho unikeza izinqubo ezinamandla − ukulahlwa kwemali, ukukhokhwa kwempahla, ukukhokhwa kwempahla, nokukhohliswa kwezenzo zokukhohlisa okuvumela ababolekwa abakhuthele ukuba baqoqe lokho abakukweletayo. Impumelelo ixhomeke esenzweni esisheshayo, ekuphenyeni, nasekusebenziseni kahle amathuluzi akhona. Abakweletayo kufanele baqonde futhi amalungelo abo: ukulahlekelwa izindleko, ukulahlekelwa kwempahla, ikhono lokuphikisa izenzo ezingafanele. Ngokukwazi le mibono, kokubili abakweletayo nabanecala bangahamba ngethemba indawo yeposi yokwahlulela.

Isiqondiso esengeziwe, i- National Center for State Courts inikeza imithombo ezinqubweni zenkantolo ngaphesheya kwezingazwe. U.S. i-website yeNkantolo [ inikeza ukwaziswa ngokumisa izahlulelo zikahulumeni, kanye [[FLT:] ne-Uniformal Law Commission [[[ ichaza izenzo ezihlangene ezilawula ukugcinwa nokudluliswa nokukhohlisa. Ukuqonda indawo yonke yokugcinwa komthetho kubalulekile kubalulekile kubalulekile ekuguquleni isinqumo esivumayo ukuba sithuthuke ngempela.