Ukuhlasela Kwamanzi Asemadolobheni Nokuvela Kwesenzo Sokuqondisa

Imithetho yokulondoloza amanzi izakhiwo ezingokomthetho ezimiswa ohulumeni bakamasipala zokunqanda ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi phakathi kwabantu abahlala, abahwebi, nezimboni. Njengoba imithombo yamanzi ahlanzekile ibhekene nokucindezela okukhuphukayo ngenxa yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, ukwanda kwenani labantu, kanye nezakhiwo ezisebudala, amadolobha embulunga yonke aye aphendukela kulezi zinyathelo ezilawulayo njengethuluzi eliyinhloko lokulawula amanzi. Ngokungafani nezinhlelo zokulondolozwa kokuzithandela, imithetho iphethe umthetho, iveza izibopho ezibophekayo ezingaveza imiphumela eqinile nengaguquguquki.

E-United States, ukukhuliswa kwemijikelezo yesomiso − ikakhulukazi eNingizimu-ntshonalanga nasezingxenyeni ze-High Plains . kwaye yasheshisa ukusetshenziswa kwemithetho yokulondolozwa kwamanzi ebophekile. Izifunda ezazibheka amanzi njengengcebo enkulu manje zibhekana nobuningi bemithombo elinganiselwe, ukushintshwa kokusetshenziswa kwamanzi kusukela enseleleni yezobuchwepheshe kuya engxabanweni yezombangazwe nezenhlalo. Ukuqonda ukuphumelela kwemithetho yokulondolozwa kwamanzi kudinga ukubhekisisa emklanyweni wazo, ezimisweni zokuphoqeleleka, kanye nokusabela kwazo ezikubangelayo emiphakathini.

Kuyini Ukulondolozwa Kwamanzi?

Umthetho wokulondoloza amanzi umthetho kamasipala ogunyaza izenzo ezithile noma imingcele ehloselwe ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi. Lezi zimiso ziyahlukahluka kakhulu ngokobubanzi nangendlela eqinile, kodwa zivame ukuxoxa ngezindawo eziyinhloko zokusetshenziswa kwamanzi. Izimiso ezivamile zihlanganisa ukulinganiselwa ekuniseleni ngaphandle, iziqondiso zokusetshenziswa kwamanzi okungasebenzi kahle ekwakhiweni, imingcele yezenzo zokuchitha izimoto ezihamba ngezinyawo, nezakhiwo ezihleliwe ezikhipha ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile. Ezinye izimiso zidinga futhi ukusetshenziswa kokubuyiselwa noma ukuvuselelwa kwamanzi ngaphandle ngezinjongo ezingekho nzuzo ezindaweni zezentengiselwano nasembonini.

Igunya elingokomthetho lalemithetho ngokuvamile litholakala emandleni amaphoyisa edolobha ukuze avikele impilo yomphakathi, ukuphepha, nenhlalakahle. Ezizweni eziningi, imithetho yokulondoloza amanzi isebenza eduze namasu esomiso sikahulumeni futhi ingaqala ngokuzenzakalela lapho amazinga amathengi noma amanzi angaphansi kwamanzi ehla ngaphansi kwemikhawulo eqondile. Ukucaciswa kwalemithetho: imithetho echaza ngokucacile izenzo ezinqatshelwe, imingcele ebekelwe imingcele ephoqelelwe, futhi ihlanganise namalungiselelo esijeziso athambekele ekufinyeleleni ukuvumelana okungcono kunokuvumelana nolimi olungacacile noma olunenzuzo.

Umlando Nokuziphendukela Kwemvelo

Imithetho yokulondoloza amanzi ayiyona into eqanjwe muva nje. Amadolobha abhekene nezimo zesomiso ezingathi sína aye abeka imingcele yokusetshenziswa kwamanzi esikhathini esingaphezu kwekhulu leminyaka, kodwa indlela yesimanje yaqala ukumiswa phakathi nesomiso saseCalifornia sama-1970 futhi kamuva yakhula phakathi nesomiso esikhulu saseNingizimu - ntshonalanga yawo 2000. Okwashintsha emashumini eminyaka yamuva nje ukumiswa kokulondolozwa kwendlela njengendlela ehlala njalo kunokusabela kwenhlekelele yesikhashana. Amadolobha amaningi manje alondoloza imithetho ehlangene evimbela ukuniselwa ngaphandle kwezinsuku ezithile noma izikhathi ezithile, ngisho nalapho isomiso singekho.

Icala Lokubuyiselwa Kwamanzi KaMasipala

Isizathu esiyisisekelo semithetho yokulondoloza amanzi sisekelwe ezintweni eziningana ezingokomnotho nezemvelo. Okokuqala, ukusungula amanzi amasha ngokususa imithombo, ukwakhiwa, noma ukuthutha amanzi isikhathi eside kuyabiza kakhulu futhi ngokuvamile kuyaphazamisa indawo ezungezile. Ukulondolozwa kwemvelo, kungokuphambene, kuyindlela ephansi kakhulu yokuhlangabezana nesidingo sesikhathi esizayo. Okwesibili, izimiso zamanzi emadolobheni amaningi zibhekene nezithiya ezidingekayo ukuze kugcinwe inkonzo ithembekile phakathi nezinyanga eziphezulu zehlobo. Okwesithathu, ukuncishiswa kokusetshenziswa kwamanzi kunciphisa amandla adingekayo ekulapheni nasongezwani, kunezela emigomweni yesimo sezulu esibanzi.

Imithetho yokulondoloza amanzi kaMasipala ikhuluma nangenkinga ehlangene ebangelwa ukulawulwa kwamanzi. Ngaphandle kwemithetho, abasebenzisi ngabanye abanaso isisusa sokulondoloza ngoba intengo yamanzi iphansi futhi izinzuzo zokulondoloza imvelo ziyasakazeka. Izindawo zokudlala zakha izinga lokudlala ngokufuna ukuba bonke abasebenzisi bamukele imikhuba yokulondolozwa kwamanzi, kanjalo kuvimbele ukuthunyelwa kwenkululeko nokuqinisekiswa ukuthi umthwalo wokulondoloza imvelo usakazwa ngokulinganayo emphakathini.

Ukuphumelela Ekunciphiseni Ukutholakala Kwamanzi Emadolobheni

Ukucwaninga okungokwesayensi kuye kwabonisa ukuthi imithetho ehlelwe kahle yokulondoloza amanzi ingaveza ukuncishiswa okukhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwamanzi asedolobheni. Ukuhlolwa kokuhlola izinhlelo zokulondolozwa kukamasipala kwathola ukuthi amadolobha asebenzisa imingcele ebophekile afinyelela isilinganiso sokwehla kwamaphesenti angu-15 kuya ku-30 engqikithi yamanzi phakathi nezikhathi zesomiso, eminye imiphakathi ebika ukuncipha okungaphezu kwamaphesenti angu-35. Lemiphumela ayilinganiselwe ezimweni zesomiso; amadolobha anemithetho eqinile esekela izinga eliphansi lokusetshenziswa konyaka uma kuqhathaniswa nemiphakathi efanayo engenayo iziqondiso ezinjalo.

Imiphumela ephawuleka kakhulu iyenzeka lapho imithetho ihlasela ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi ngaphandle, okuvame ukuba amaphesenti angu-50 kuya ku-70 okusetshenziswa kwamanzi ahlala ezindaweni ezomile nangasadli kakhulu. Imithetho evimbela ukuniselwa kotshani, ikakhulukazi, iye yabonakala iphumelela kakhulu ngoba ukusetshenziswa kwangaphandle kunwebeka kakhulu kunasemzileni: abantu bangabekezelela utshani onsundu kalula kakhulu kunangendlela abangayiyeka ngayo indle eyisisekelo kanye namanzi okuphuza adingekayo. Ngokwesibonelo, amadolobha alinganisela ukunisela ngaphandle ngenkampane izinsuku ezimbili noma ezintathu ngesonto avame ukubona ukwehla ngokushesha ekusetshenzisweni kwesimiso somhlaba wonke ngamaphesenti ayishumi kuya kuyishumi.

Lokho Imininingwane Ekubonisayo Ngomphumela Wesikhathi Eside

Ukuhlola kokulandelela amanzi okusetshenziswa eminyakeni eminingi kwembula ukuthi ukuphumelela kwemithetho kuvame ukuphikelela ngemva kokusetshenziswa kokuqala, nakuba okunye ukubuye kusebenze kwenzeka lapho imikhaya ilungisa. Ukuhlolwa okuphawulekayo kwezinyathelo zokulondoloza amanzi endaweni yeDenver kwathola ukuthi imikhaya engaphansi kwemingcele ehlala njalo yokunisela yaqhubeka isebenzisa amanzi angaphansi kwamaphesenti angu-18 kuya ku-22 kunamanzi kunemikhaya engathinteki ngisho nangemva kweminyaka emihlanu kubekwe imithetho. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi iziqondiso zingaveza izinguquko ezihlala njalo, ikakhulukazi uma zihlangene nemfundo kanye nokungangenisi kuleyo mithetho yokulondolozwa.

Nokho, ukuphumelela kuyahlukahluka kakhulu ngenxa yomklamo wemithetho. Izinhlelo ezithinta kakhulu zihlanganisa amasu amaningi aphelelisayo: ukusebenzisa imingcele ngaphandle, izimfuneko zempumelelo ngaphakathi, nezimpawu zamanani ezivuza i-odance. Izindlela ezizimele, njengokuthembela kuphela emfundweni yomphakathi ngaphandle kokuphoqelelwa, ngokungaguquki okungalinganiyo okuhlobene nezinyathelo zokulawula. Ukuze ukwenzeka okwengeziwe kwamanzi asebenzisa izisekelo zomthetho kanye nezimpawu zokuvikela imvelo, EPA Watersense program ye-waters [ inikeza ukwaziswa okukhulu ngokusetshenziswa kwe-pastoms nanga yomthetho wokusebenza.

Izici Ezibucayi Ezithonya Impumelelo Yemvelo

Ukuphumelela komthetho wokulondoloza amanzi kuxhomeke ezicini eziningi ezidlulela ngalé kombhalo womthetho ngokwawo. Ukuqonda lezi zinguquko kubalulekile kubenzi bezimiso abafuna ukuklama izinhlelo eziphumelelayo nakuzakhamuzi ezifuna ukuhlola indlela umphakathi ozosebenza ngayo.

Ukuqaphela Umphakathi Nokuhlanganyela Komphakathi

Isisekelo sokufinyelela imfundo lapho kwakhiwa khona imithetho ephumelelayo. Izakhamuzi eziqonda izizathu zemingcele yamanzi,(*) futhi ezithola isiqondiso esicacile, esithatha isinyathelo sokuvumelana ne-("ithuba elikhulu lokunamathela ngenkani emithethweni. Imikhankaso yomphakathi ephumelelayo isebenzisa iziteshi eziningi: iposi eziqondile, imithombo yezokuxhumana, izimemezelo zezentengiselwano, izinxulumano zezokuxhumana zendawo, nezenzakalo zomphakathi. Izindlela eziphumelelayo zokuzilungisa ziveza njengenani elihlanganyelwayo lomphakathi kunokuba zisebenzise i-parediomstion.

Amadolobha afaka imali ekulondolozweni kwamanzi athambekele ekuboneni amazinga aphakeme okuthobela intela ephansi. Ngokwesibonelo, izinhlelo ezinikeza izinkonzo zokuhlola amanzi mahhala nemibiko yokusetshenziswa komuntu siqu iye yaboniswa ukuthi inciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwemithetho engaphezulu kwamaphesenti amahlanu kuya kwayishumi kuphela. INhlangano yamanzi aseMelika eMisebenzistion [ inikeza isiqondiso esiningi ngokusemthethweni emikhubeni yokuzibopha umphakathi izivumelwano zokulondolozwa kwamanzi.

Ukuphoqelelwa Nokusetshenziswa Kwemishini

Umthetho unamandla njengethuluzi lawo lokuqinisekisa. Izinhlelo ezisebenzayo zihlanganisa ubuchwepheshe bokuhlola obusebenza ngemishini, obunjengemibhoshongo yamanzi ehlakaniphile ebona izindlela ezingasebenzi ngendlela engavamile, nezakhiwo zesijeziso ezikhuphuka zisuka ezixwayisweni ziye ekuhlahleni, futhi, ezimweni ezidlulele, imingcele yenkonzo. Ukungaguquguquki nokubonakala kwamandla okusebenza kuyagxeka: lapho ukujeziswa kwemithetho kuthathwa njengokungajeziswa, kubhuntshiswa ngokushesha.

Amanye amadolobha asungule amasu amasha okuqinisekisa ukuthi izakhiwo zikhona, kuhlanganise nezimiso zokuzibika lapho izakhamuzi zingabika khona ukuphulwa komakhelwane ngokungaziwa, kanye nokuthunyelelwa kwemiyalezo engokwenhlalo eqhathanisa ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi endlu nesilinganiso somphakathi.

Izisusa Zezomnotho Nezici Eziphazamisayo

Izimpawu zamanani zinendima ebalulekile ekuqiniseni ilungiselelo lomthetho. Izakhiwo zamanzi eziboshelweyo ezikhuphula izindleko zeyunithi ngalinye ekusebenziseni isilinganiso esiphakeme zidala ingcingo enamandla emali yokulondolozwa kwezindawo. Uma zihlangene nezinhlelo zemishini esetshenziswayo yemishini esebenzayo, abalawuli abahlakaniphile benkasayo, kanye nokulungisa i-tonarth coration, lezi zinqubo zokulungisa izinga le-pringing zingathuthukisa ukushintsha okuphawulekayo. Ukucwaninga kubonisa ukuthi intengo yokunwebeka kwenani lamanzi ahlala endaweni yokuhlala isukela ku -0.2 kuya ku -0.6, okusho ukuthi isamba senani esingamaphesenti ayishumi senani elikhuphuzile kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwesimiso sokusetshenziswa kwemisebe ngesomiso, isilinganiso esisukela kumaphesenti amabili kuya kwamaphesenti ayisithupha.

Nokho, ukucatshangelwa kokulinganisela kumelwe kuqaphele umklamo wezinga. Imikhaya ethola imali ephansi ingabhekana nobunzima ngaphansi kwenani elicushiwe, ikakhulukazi uma ihlala ezindaweni ezihlala abantu abadala ezinezimo ezingasebenzi kahle. Amadolobha amaningi akhuluma ngalokhu kukhathalela ngezinhlelo zosizo ezinikeza izilinganiso zemali zamahhala, izikweleti zemali, noma izakhiwo zemali ezikhuliswayo ezivikela amazinga adingekayo okudla.

Isimo Sezulu Nendawo Esizungezile

Izimo zesimo sezulu sendawo zinethonya elinamandla ekwakhekeni komthetho. Izakhamuzi ezisezindaweni ezinesomiso esingapheli, lapho ukuntuleka kwamanzi kuyinto eyenzeka njalo, zivame ukufinyelela ukuthobela okukhulu nokwehlisa okukhulu kunalezo ezisezindaweni ezicebile zamanzi ezibeka imingcele yesikhashana ngesikhathi sokoma. Ukufaneleka kwezinyathelo zokulondoloza imvelo kuphakeme ezindaweni lapho izakhamuzi zinolwazi oluqondile lwendlala, zizenza zizimisele ngokwengeziwe ukwamukela imithetho elawulayo.

Izinselele Nokulinganiselwa Kokulondolozwa Kwamanzi

Naphezu kokuphumelela kwazo okubonakala, imithetho yokulondoloza amanzi ayilona ikhambi.

Imiphumela Yokulinganisela Nokusakaza

Enye yezinhlolo eziphikelela kakhulu zemithetho yokulondoloza amanzi impumelelo yokuthwala umthwalo omncane kakhulu emikhayeni ehlawulwayo. Izakhamuzi ezithola imali ephansi zingahlala ezakhiweni ezindala ezinezimpompo zamanzi nemishini engasebenzi kahle, okwenza kube nzima ukufinyelela ukuncitshiswa okufanayo kwemindeni ecebile ekwazi ukukhokhela ukukhucululwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindleko ezimisiwe zenkonzo yamanzi zihlala zikhona kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zisetshenziswa kanjani, okusho ukuthi ukuncishiswa kwemali kungandisa umthwalo wezimali emikhayeni engenisa imali ephansi uma imishini yezezimali inyusa izindleko zezendlu.

Imithetho eqhubekayo isingatha lezi zinkinga zobulungisa ngezinhlelo zosizo ezihlolwe, ukushelela okungasheshi ukusheshiwe, nezinqubo zomphakathi eziqinisekisa ukuthi amazwi abantu abasengozini ahlolwa ngokusemthethweni. Ukungazinaki izindaba ezilungile akuzifaki engozini nje kuphela emiphakathini eswele kodwa kungalulaza futhi ukusekela kwezombangazwe izinhlelo zokulondoloza imvelo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ukumelana Nezombangazwe Nezithiyo Eziqeda Izwe

Imithetho yokulondoloza amanzi ingabhekana nokuphikiswa okukhulu kwezombangazwe, ikakhulukazi emiphakathini enamasiko aqinile amalungelo empahla noma ukungaqiniseki ngemithetho kahulumeni. Ukuphikiswa ngokuvamile kugxile ezinkathazweni zokuzitika − abaninikhaya bangamelana nemingcele evimbela ukunisela nge-oral ngoba bazisa izindawo eziluhlaza (noma izimpikiswano zezomnotho ezithi imingcele yezezomnotho izolimaza izimboni zokulungisa indawo ezungezile. Icebo lezombangazwe eliphumelelayo lihlanganisa ukwakha imifelandawonye phakathi kwamaqembu ezungezile, abameleli bezentelezi zindawo, abaholi bebhizinisi, nezinhlangano zomphakathi ukuze bakhe ukusekela okusekelwe kakhulu ezinyathelo okuvikela imvelo.

Izindleko Zokuphoqelelwa Nokusetshenziswa Kwamandla

Ukuhlola ukuthotshelwa kwemithetho nokuthunjwa kudinga imithombo yezokwenqatshelwa kwemali egciniwe amanye amadolobha antula, ikakhulukazi omasipala abancane abanazo izisebenzi ezilinganiselwe. Izindleko zokuphoqelelwa zingaba nkulu: izikhulu zokuqasha abaqaphi bamanzi, ukuthenga i-software yemininingwane yemitha, ukuthunyelelwa, nokunxusa kwabathengi ukuba bonke basebenzise imali egciniwe. Amadolobha kumelwe alinganisele izindleko ezikhona, aqaphele ukuthi ukugcinwa kwemithetho kumelela izindleko eziqhubekayo kunokutshala izindleko zesikhathi esisodwa.

Ukulinganiselwa Kwezobuchwepheshe Nemikhuba

Ngisho nemithetho eqinile kakhulu ayinakuphoqelela izakhamuzi ukuba zithathe ukuziphatha okudinga ukushintshwa okukhulu kokulondoloza imvelo noma ukushintsha indlela yokuphila. Indlu engakwazi ukuthenga umshini wokugeza ophumelela kakhulu ingahluleka ukuhlangabezana nezisulu ezisetshenziswayo, kungakhathaliseki izijeziso ezihilelekile. Ngokufanayo, izimiso ezingokwesiko ezikusizungezile ezisendaweni ezungezile nengaphandle eziqinile zigxilile futhi ezimelana nokushintsha ngomthetho kuphela. Imithetho ephumelela kakhulu iqaphela lokhu kulinganiselwa kanye nemithetho ehlukene ehambisana nezinhlelo zokusekela ezinciphisa imingcele yokuthobela.

Ukuhlola Icala: Amadolobha Abonisa Ukuphumelela Kwe - ordinance

Ukuhlola izimiso ezithile zikamasipala kunikeza ukuqonda okucacile ngendlela imithetho yokulondoloza amanzi esebenza ngayo nokuthi imiphi imiphumela engafinyelelwa.

ILos Angeles, eCalifornia

I-Los Angeles iye yasebenzisa ezinye zemithetho enzima kakhulu yokulondoloza amanzi e-United States, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yezimo zesomiso ezinzima phakathi kuka-2012 no-2016. Umthetho wedolobha uhlanganisa imingcele yonyaka ejikelezayo yokunisela ngaphandle, ukusetshenziswa okubopheleleyo kwamanzi emisebenzi ethile yezentengiselwano, nohlelo olubanzi lwemisebe yokulungisa injini kanye nezikhungo zokuhamba emanzini ezisebenzayo. Phakathi kuka-2014 no-2019, iLos Angeles yanciphisa amanzi asetshenziswa cishe ngamaphesenti angu-23, ngisho nanjengobani bedolobha benezela impumelelo. Impumelelo kuthiwa ibangelwa yinhlanganisela yemisebenzi eqinile yezentengiselwano yezentengiselwano, inzuzo eqhubekayo yezentengo yomphakathi, nezisusa zemali ezakhazimulisa inzuzo.

Las Vegas, Nevada

ILas Vegas Water District isebenza ngaphansi kwemithetho ebanzi kakhulu yokulondolozwa kwamanzi ezweni, kuhlanganise nokunqatshelwa kotshani emagcekeni amasha angaphambili okuhlala nokulinganiselwa okuqinile kwezici zamanzi njengemithombo. Le ndawo iye yafinyelela imiphumela ephawulekayo: ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi kumuntu ngamunye kuye kwehla ngamaphesenti angaphezu kwangu-35 kusukela ngo-2002, naphezu kokukhula okukhulu kwabantu. Isihluthulelo salokhu kuphumelela yisimiso sokuqinisekisa konya olunonya lwesifunda, esihlanganisa ukujikeleza kwamanzi okunikezelweyo okuthatha unyaka wonke, kanye nesakhiwo esinesilinganiso esibiza abasebenzisi abadedindileyo kakhulu nge-Rhover.

ISan Antonio, eTexas

Uhlelo lokulondoloza amanzi lweSan Antonio lubonisa amathuba okusebenzisa amanzi isikhathi eside, angaguquki. Umthetho wedolobha, owenziwe ngawo 1990, uhlanganisa imingcele ehlala njalo yokunisela amanzi, ukufakwa kwemizwa yemvula ebotshelelweyo ezimisweni ezizenzekelayo, kanye nohlelo lwezinga lokuwalondoloza. Emashumini amathathu eminyaka, iSan Antonio iye yanciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi ngengxenye eyodwa ye-kaputa ngamaphesenti angaphezu kwangu-40, ukuphumelela okuqhubekayo okuvame ukuvezwa njengesibonelo sesizwe. Isimiso samanzi u-Antoni Antonio inikeza imithombo yasobala yezimiso zayo zokulondololwa kwezindawo ukuze ifune ukuphumelela kwayo.

Izindlela Ezingcono Kakhulu Zokuklama I - ordinances Ephumelelayo Yokuvikela Amanzi

Isebenzisa ubufakazi obutholakala ezimisweni eziphumelelayo nasezifundweni ezifundwa kulezo ezingaphumeleli, kuye kwavela imikhuba eminingana emihle kakhulu ukuze omasipala bafune ukusebenzisa noma ukuqinisa imithetho yokulondoloza amanzi.

  • [ Beka izimpondo ezicatshangelwe, eziqondile. Izingcingo zohlobo oluthile zokulondoloza azisebenzi kakhulu kunezimiso ezichaza izimiso eziqondile zokunisela, amahora avunyelwe, nesilinganiso sokusetshenziswa kwamanzi kumuntu ngamunye noma ekhaya ngalinye.
  • [ Igunya lokukhipha imvume ngezinhlelo ezisekelayo. Imali yokuhlola, ukuphenya okukhululekile, nosizo lobuchwepheshe lwehlisa umthwalo ezakhamuzini futhi kwandisa amazinga okuzithoba.
  • Ingenele ekugadweni nasebucimeni bokuqinisekisa. Amamitha ahlakaniphile, ukugadwa kwenkasa, nezimiso zokuqapha ezisebenza ngemoto zinciphisa izindleko zokugcinwa kwemithetho futhi zithuthukise ukungakhethi.
  • Ukulawula umphakathi ekuthuthukiseni kwenqubo. izinqubo zomphakathi ezihlanganisa abafaki zincwadi abahlukene bakha ukuthengwa kwezombangazwe futhi baveze imiphumela elinganayo.
  • [[[NTL:0] Iphasethi ngokwezimfuneko kancane kancane. Inikeza isikhathi soshintsho lwendlela yokuziphatha nolwezobuchwepheshe lunciphisa ukumelana nemithetho futhi luvumela imikhaya ukuba ihlele ukuthobela.
  • Ukulondolozwa kwamanzi kanye nesimo sezulu esibanzi kanye nemigomo eqinile. Ukuhlela ukuncishiswa kwamanzi njengengxenye yecebo lendawo ezungezile elibanzi kuqinisa icebo lokuthatha isinyathelo sokuqondisa.
  • Imithetho ethatha isikhathi esisekelwe emniningo. ukuhlolwa njalo kohlelo kuvumela amadolobha ukuba acwengisise amalungiselelo futhi athathe inguquko yezimo.

Ikusasa Lomthetho Wokulondolozwa Kwamanzi

Njengoba ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kukhuphula ukutholakala kwamanzi angena ezindaweni ezihlukene namanani ayandayo abantu, indima yemithetho yokulondolozwa kwamanzi cishe iyokhula kunokuba ithathe isivumelwano. Izimo eziningi eziqhakazile ziguqula ukuziphendukela kwenqubo yamanzi kamasipala. Okokuqala, ukuhlanganiswa kwemininingwane ethuthukile ibe inqubo yamanzi esebenzayo kwenza ukuba amanani asebenza ngokushelela kakhulu athole ukuqashwa nokulondolozwa komphakathi. Okwesibili, ukusetshenziswa kogesi owenziwe ngemishini ekhethekile nokusetshenziswa kwamanzi aneziphethuthi. Okwandayo kwemisi yesomiso kubangela ukuba kusetshenziswe amanzi ampunga futhi kukhishwe amanzi emvula ekwakheni elisha. Okwesithathu, ukukhula kwezenzakalo zesomiso esinzima kucindezela ukuba kwamukele izinyathelo zokulondolo lwemvelo kuxhomeke ezimweni eziphuthumayo.

Izindawo ezingokomthetho nezilawulayo nazo ziyashintsha. Ezinye izifundazwe ziqala ukuyala ukuba amadolobha amukele imithetho yokulondolozwa kwemvelo njengesimo sokwamukela izimali zikahulumeni noma njengemfuneko ngaphansi kwezinhlelo zokulawula amanzi esifunda. Lokhu kucindezela okuphezulu kungasheshisa ukusakazeka kwezinhlelo zokulondoloza imvelo, ngisho nasezindaweni lapho ukusekela kwezombangazwe ngokomlando bekubuthakathaka khona.

Izimiso zokulondoloza amanzi zimelela elinye lamathuluzi anamandla kakhulu atholakala emadolobheni okulawula ukufunwa nokuqinisekiswa kwamanzi ahlala isikhathi eside. Ukuphumelela kwawo kubhalwe kahle lapho imithetho iklanywa, ilawulwa ngokufanele, futhi isekelwa izisusa ezinengqondo zomphakathi kanye nezezimali. Ubufakazi obuvela emadolobheni obuye baqhubeka nezinhlelo zokulondolozwa kwezindawo amashumi eminyaka bubonisa ukuthi izindlela zokulawula izinga lokusetshenziswa kwamanzi zingaveza ukuncitshiswa okuhlala njalo, zisize imiphakathi ukuba izivumelane nekusasa lapho ukuswelakala kwamanzi kuzoba inselele khona. Kubaphathi bamanzi basedolobheni nabenzi bemithetho, umbuzo awusaphathwa ukuthi inqubo yokuzilungisa inqubo engcono, ephumelelayo, futhi iqinile ekubhekaneni nesimo sezulu esingaqinisekile.