Ukuqonda Umkhakha Ovelele: Isisekelo Sendawo Kahulumeni

Imibuso ephakeme i-Eminimenti ingumbuso wohulumeni wokuthatha impahla yomuntu siqu. Leligunya limelela elinye lamagunya abaluleke kakhulu abekwa uhulumeni, uhulumeni, nohulumeni, nezindawo, libavumela ukuba bathole indawo edingekayo emikhankasweni esebenzela umphakathi obanzi. IsiHlanzi sesihlanu sibeka imingcele emibili eqinile endaweni ephakeme: impahla yomuntu angathathwa kuphela ngenxa "yokusetshenziswa komphakathi," noma imisebenzi yomphakathi, njengemigwaqo namabhuloho, futhi ngisho noma impahla ithathwa ukuze isetshenziswe umphakathi, umniniyo kumelwe akhokhelwe "imbuyiselo"."

Umqondo wokuvelela unezimpande ezijulile ezingokomlando ezingokomlando ezisemqoka eMelika futhi ubhekwa njengesici esingokwemvelo sobukhosi bukahulumeni. Ikhono lokulahla impahla liyingxenye engokwemvelo yobukhosi bukahulumeni. Lamandla asiza ohulumeni ukuba baphishekele imisebenzi yezakhiwo ezibalulekile nentuthuko yasemadolobheni engase ingenzeki uma umnini wempahla ngamunye ebenamandla aphelele phezu kwemisebenzi yomphakathi.

Ngokomlando, izakhiwo ezivelele ziye zaba usizo ekwakheni isisekelo umphakathi wanamuhla oxhomeke kuso. Imigwaqo emikhulu, amabhuloho, izikole, izibhedlela, izinto ezisemzileni, izikhumulo zezindiza, nezakhiwo zikahulumeni konke kwakhiwe ngokusebenzisa leligunya. Ngaphandle kwezindawo ezidumile, imisebenzi yomphakathi egxekayo ingavalwa umnikazi wempahla oyedwa onqaba ukuthengisa, mhlawumbe enze imiphakathi ithunjwe yizithakazelo zabantu ngabanye.

Nokho, indawo edumile yayihloselwe ukuba ibe amandla alinganiselwe futhi ngokufanelekile ibizwe ngokuthi "indawo ewumbuso kahulumeni, enikezwe amandla ayo amakhulu okuxhaphaza: Ingabhubhisa ukuphila kanye nezindlela zokuziphilisa ngokususa abantu emakhaya abo, emabhizinisini, nasemiphakathini. Lobubu bunzima phakathi kwesidingo somphakathi namalungelo empahla yomuntu siqu bulokhu buseyimfashinini yezimpikiswano eziqhubekayo zokusetshenziswa okufanelekile kwendawo ephakeme ekwandeni kwamadolobheni.

Umsebenzi Womthetho - sisekelo Nezivikelo Ezingokomthetho

Isisekelo somthetho-sisekelo sombuso ovelele e-United States sisuka ekuthatheni kweSichibiyelo sesihlanu sika-Claus, esithi impahla yomuntu siqu angeke "ithathwe ukuba isetshenziswe umphakathi, ngaphandle kokukhokhwa." Ohulumeni bangaphansi kwemithetho engokomthetho noma engokomthetho evimbelayo ngokuphathelene noma nini/ndlela abangalahla ngayo impahla, futhi uHulumeni ungaphansi kokuthatha isigqebhezana seSichibiyelo sesihlanu esithi kumelwe banikeze imbuyiselo kunoma yiliphi iqembu elithi izwe lakhe lithathwe ngaphansi kwesimiso esiphezulu futhi izwe lingalahlwa kuphela uma liqhubeka nenjongo yomphakathi.

Uhulumeni nohulumeni bendawo abasebenza ngaphansi kwemingcele efanayo, nakuba izimfuneko eziqondile zingahluka-hluka ngokwemithetho. Umthetho-sisekelo wombuso omningi unikeza izivikelo ezengeziwe ezingaphezulu kwalezo ezitholakala kuMthetho-sisekelo kahulumeni. ISiphakamiso X 762 somthetho-sisekelo weMichigan sivumela iMichigan ukuba ilahle impahla kodwa ufuna ukuba ikhokhe i-12% yenani elingcono lempahla. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi imibuso ingabeka kanjani izindinganiso eziqinile kunesisekelo sikahulumeni.

Ngokuvamile, imbuyiselo inqunywa inani elifanele lempahla elahlwayo. Nokho, ukunquma ukuthi iziphi i-"makethe yezentengiselwano" kungaba nzima futhi kube nengxabano. Imali yezentengiselwano ezifanele ayithathi ngokungathi yindaba, ukuthi umniniyo wayikhokhelani impahla, noma izimali ezikweletwayo. Lokhu kuvame ukubangela ukukhungatheka kubanikazi bempahla abangase babe nokuxhumana okungokomzwelo emizini yabo noma emabhizinisini angenakuthathwa njengenkokhela imali.

Umqondo "wokusetshenziswa komphakathi" uye wavela ngokuphawulekayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Izinhlangano zikahulumeni eziningi, kodwa hhayi zonke, zinegunya lokulahla injongo "yomphakathi". Ezinye izindlela ziyizinjongo zomphakathi ezicacile: imigwaqo emikhulu, izikole, amajele, izikhumulo zezindiza, nezindawo zikahulumeni. Ngezinye izikhathi, injongo yomphakathi ayicaci kahle, njengoba impahla ingalahlwa njengengxenye yokuvuselelwa kwezakhiwo, kodwa ikhushulelwa ukusetshenziswa okusha okungasese okuzonciphisa ukuwohloka kwentengo futhi kuveze inzuzo enkulu yentela.

Inqubo Yokulahla: Ukusuka Ekwazisweni Kuya Ekutholeni Imvume

Nakuba indawo edumile ibhekisela ekhonweni likahulumeni lokuthatha impahla ngasese ukuze isetshenziswe umphakathi, ukulahla kuyinqubo okwenzeka ngayo. Ukuqonda lomehluko kubaluleke kakhulu kubanikazi bempahla abangase babhekane nethuba lokulahlekelwa yizwe labo. Ukulahlwa kumelela indlela engokomthetho lapho amandla angabonakali ombuso ophakeme eba yiqiniso.

Izinyathelo Zokuqala Nesaziso Somnikazi Wendawo

Igunya elilahlayo liveza indawo ebangela ukuphepha emphakathini, ukuhlola kunquma ukuthi indawo ihlangabezana yini nezindinganiso zokulahlwa, futhi isaziso sinikeza ukwaziswa okuphathelene nokulahlwa okuhlongozwayo, izizathu ezingemva kwayo, namalungelo omniniyo. Lesisigaba sokuqaphelisa sibucayi ngoba simelela ukuqaphela kokuqala okungokomthetho komninimnikazi wempahla ukuthi impahla yabo ingalahlwa.

Isaziso kumelwe sanele futhi sinikeze abanikazi bempahla ukwaziswa okwanele ukuze baqonde amalungelo abo kanye nesikhathi sokubekela isinyathelo inselele. Isikhathi sokubhala icala singanwetshwa yiNkantolo uma uhulumeni ehlulekile ukunikeza isaziso esinele nenqubo efanele, okuhlanganisa ukwazisa umphakathi ngemiphumela yesiqu (impela, ukuze siholele ekuthatheni impahla ngasese ngokwendawo edumile) kanye nemingcele yesikhathi yokubekela inselele isiqu (izinsuku ezingu-45).

Ukukhangwa Kwezindawo Nokuqoqwa Kwezindawo Kuyasiza

Uma nje isitholakele isakhiwo esilahlayo, uhulumeni kumelwe anqume ukubaluleka kwaso. Ngokuvamile ohulumeni baqasha abaphathi bezibalo ukuze bathole inani lezentengiselwano. Lenqubo yokuhlola ihlose ukusungula ukuthi impahla izothengiselwani entengiselwaneni yezentengiselwano esobala phakathi kwabathengi abazimisele nomthengisi ozimisele, bobabili banolwazi olunengqondo lwamaqiniso ahlobene.

Uma uhulumeni esenqume ukuqala le nqubo, bayoba nomnini mhlaba ahlolwe futhi anike umnikazi umklomelo owengeziwe, ngokuyisisekelo intengo eyingxenye yemali ebhaliswa uhulumeni wezwe. Abanikazi bezindawo ababopheki ukuba bamukele lesi sithembiso sokuqala futhi babe nelungelo lokuxoxa ngenkokhelo ephakeme noma ukubekela inselele isilinganiso esisenkantolo.

Umnikazi kufanele acabangele ukuthola izibalo ezizimele kodwa futhi akhumbule ukuthi inkantolo ekugcineni izobheka inani lezentengiselwano ezilungile. Ukuhlola okuzimele kunganikeza abanikazi bempahla imvume ezingxoxweni futhi kube njengobufakazi uma indaba iqhubeka nokuzinqumela. Umehluko phakathi komthetho nokuhlola okuzimele ngezinye izikhathi ungaba mkhulu, ikakhulukazi ngezakhiwo ezikhethekile noma labo abanezimpawu ezikhethekile ezingabanjwanga ngokugcwele ngezindlela zokulinganisa izinga elivamile.

Ukuzilibazisa Nemizamo Yokuhlala

Uhulumeni uxoxa nomninimzawo ukuze anqume imbuyiselo ebonisa inani lempahla, uma kucatshangelwa izimo zezentengiselwano, isimo sempahla, nokusetshenziswa kwayo. Le ngxoxo inikeza ithuba lokuba bobabili abantu bafinyelele isivumelwano ngaphandle kwezindleko nokungaqiniseki kokuthengwa.

Ezimweni eziningi, uhulumeni uyozama ukuxoxa ngokudayiswa kwecala ukuze kugwenywe ukuya enkantolo. Izingxoxo eziphumelelayo zingazuzisa womabili amaqembu: uhulumeni angayithola ngokushesha kakhulu leyompahla futhi ngezindleko eziphansi, kuyilapho abanikazi bempahla bengase bathole imbuyiselo ngaphandle kokucindezelwa nokukhokhwa okungokomthetho. Nokho, abanikazi bempahla kufanele baqonde ngokucophelela futhi bacabangele ukufuna iseluleko esingokomthetho ukuze baqiniseke ukuthi bathola inani elifanele lempahla yabo.

Ukuqhubeka Okungokomthetho Okungokomthetho

Uma izingxoxo zehluleka, uhulumeni ufaka icala ukuze aqale inqubo yokulahla. Lokhu kuphawula ushintsho olusuka ezingxoxweni ngokwethukela kuya ezinyathelweni ezingokomthetho. Uma isivumelwano singenakufinyelelwa, isicelo sokulahlwa sifakwa enkantolo futhi lokho kuphoqelela ukuba kuthengiswe uma isicelo sivunyelwe.

Phakathi nalokhu, abanikazi bezindawo banezindlela eziningana zokubekela inselele ukulahlwa kwezindawo ngokwazo, kodwa ngokuvamile baphumelela kakhulu ekubekeni inselele imbuyiselo. Izinselele zokulahlwa zona ngokwazo zigxile ekutheni ukuthatha izinto kufeza injongo yomphakathi ngempela noma ukuthi uhulumeni uye weqisa igunya lakhe.

Izifundazwe eziningi "zithatha i-"imithetho evumela uhulumeni ukuba afake imali futhi athathe iziqu ngokushesha, agweme ukulibala imisebenzi ebalulekile. La malungiselelo angaba yinselele kakhulu kumnini mpahla, ngoba angalahlekelwa impahla yabo ngaphambi kokuba izingxabano zembuyiselo zixazululwe ngokugcwele. Nokho, abanikazi bempahla banelungelo lokuqhubeka bebekela intengo inzuzo ngisho nangemva kokuba uhulumeni esethathe impahla yabo.

Ukuthuthuka Kwasemadolobheni Nokwanda Kokusebenzisa Umphakathi

Ukusetshenziswa kwezindawo ezivelele ekwakhiweni kabusha kwamadolobha kumelela enye yezindlela zokusebenza eziphikisana kakhulu zaleli gunya likahulumeni. Uma indawo izimisele ukuba "isidingo sokuthuthukiswa" negunya lokulahla (umzekelo, "ukwanda kokukhuliswa futhi"), uhulumeni angathatha impahla endaweni ephezulu, amise imithetho ehlela indawo ngokuphumelelayo, enze izivumelwano nabathuthukisi bokuthuthukisa indawo, futhi anikeze intela.

Ukwandiswa kwe-Urban ngezindawo ezivelele kwathola amandla aphawulekayo phakathi nekhulu lama-20. Kusukela maphakathi nekhulu lama-20 leminyaka, iNkantolo ePhakeme yase-U.S. yaqala ukwenza buthaka isivikelo somthetho-sisekelo ezindaweni eziphezulu ngokukhipha izinombolo zomphakathi, futhi esinqumweni sayo sonyaka ka-1954, uBerman v. Parker, iNkantolo yasekela ukuvuselelwa komthetho-mthetho "ukuvuseliswa kabusha," ukwenza uhulumeni ahlulele isakhiwo esibizwa ngokuthi singcoliswe kangaka, ngisho noma impahla igcinelwe ezandleni zabathuthukisi babantu ngabanye.

Berman wasekela futhi incazelo ebanzi yokusetshenziswa komphakathi, eguqula imfuneko "yomphakathi". Emehlweni eNkantolo, ukuphela akusasebenzi lutho; imisebenzi yafeza injongo yomphakathi yokuvuselela nokuvuselela. Lokhu kusuka "kusetshenziswa komphakathi" kuya "enjongweni yomphakathi" kwandisa ngokuphawulekayo izimo ohulumeni abangazisebenzisela kuzo indawo evelele, kuvula umnyango wokuthatha izimboni zomphakathi ekugcineni ezizozuzisa abathuthukisi babantu kunokuba kuzuze imisebenzi yomphakathi engokwesiko njengemigwaqo noma izikole.

Umbono Wokukhanya Nokusetshenziswa Kwakho

Isiqu sezindawo njenge "ukukhanya" sesiyinqubo eyinhloko yokuthethelela ukuvuselelwa kwedolobha endaweni ephakeme. Nokho, izimiso zokumemezela impahla "ekhanyiselwe" zazingacacile (futhi zisekhona) ukuze izikhulu zendawo zilahle noma yiliphi ikhaya elihle noma ibhizinisi elincane. Lokhu kungacaci kuye kwaholela ekugxekweni okukhulu nasekukhathazekeni ngamathuba okusetshenziswa kabi kwesiqu esinegciwane.

Isiqu esikhuliswe kabusha sidinga uphenyo lokuqala ngokuphathelene nokufaneleka kwe-statory firfe "criteria," isaziso esanele emphakathini, futhi sokulalela. Naphezu kwalezi zimfuneko ezingokwesiko, isimo sokuzimisela okunezici ezikhubazayo singashiya abanikazi bempahla besengozini yokubizwa ngeziqu ezingabonisi ngokunembile isimo sangempela sezakhiwo zabo.

Ukusetshenziswa kweziqu ezilimazayo kuye kwahluka kakhulu ezingxenyeni ezihlukene. Ezinye izindawo ziye zasebenzisa izimiso eziqinile, eziqotho ezigxile ekuntuleni kokwakha, ukuphulwa kwemithetho elandelwayo, noma izingozi zokuphepha emphakathini. Ezinye ziye zasebenzisa izincazelo ezibanzi zezomnotho ezihlanganisa izici zempahla, isizukulwane sentela, noma ukubonakala kokuthi zingasetshenziswa kakhulu. Lokhu kuguquguquka kuye kwanezela ezimpikiswaneni eziqhubekayo ngokuphathelene nesilinganiso esifanelekile seziqu zomonakalo nokusetshenziswa kwazo ekuthuthukeni kwamadolobha.

Ukuthuthukiswa Kwezimo Zokuphuthuma Namandla Azo

Izinhlangano zokuthuthukisa intuthuko (RDAS) zakhula zaba yizinhlangano ezasebenzisa amandla ezindawo ezivelele zokuchaza izindawo ezinkulu zempahla "ezikhanyisiwe," zithole impahla, bese ziyinika abathuthukisi abazimele. Lezi zikhungo zaba amathuluzi anamandla okuguqula amadolobha, kodwa imisebenzi yazo yabangela impikiswano ephawulekayo.

I-RDA yashukunyiselwa ukuba ihileleke kulokhu kuziphatha ngoba yathatha ukwanda kwentela yempahla eyayiwumphumela wokwanda kwenani lempahla ebangelwa imisebenzi yokuvuselelwa kwezindawo ebangelwa imisebenzi yasedolobheni, eyaphumela ekuthatheni imali yangempela kwabanye abayamukelayo, ikakhulukazi izikole. Lesisimo sezimali sadala izimpi zesithakazelo, njengoba izinhlangano ezithuthukisiwe zazinezisusa ezinamandla zokuphishekela imisebenzi engase ingabi khona njalo nenzuzo yomphakathi noma amalungelo amnikazi wempahla.

Ekugcineni, ukuphikisa imikhuba enjalo kwadlanga futhi i-RDA yaqedwa ngo-2011. Nokho, indaba ayiphelelanga lapho. Amadolobha manje anamandla okwakha amaGadi Ezezimali Athuthukisiwe noma ama-Community Revitation and Investivation Profecters, kodwa la mazwe awanakusebenzisa amandla ezindawo eziphezulu noma athathe izimali ezisezikoleni. La mahlelo amasha amelela imizamo yokulondoloza izici ezizuzisayo zokuthuthukiswa kuyilapho ekhuluma ngezici ezisemfashinini wokuqala we-RADA.

Isinqumo Se - Kelo Nemiphumela Yaso

Akukho kuxoxiswa ngezindawo ezivelele nokuthuthukiswa kwezindawo zasedolobheni okungaphelele ngaphandle kokuhlola icala leNkantolo Ephakeme evelele uKelo v. iDolobha laseNew London. uSusette Kelo, umninikhaya kuleyondawo yokuhlala, futhi abanye abanikazi bezindawo abaningana balwa ngokuya eNkantolo Ephakeme yaseU.S. futhi balahleka.

Icala lavela eNew London, eConnecticut, imizamo yezimali yokuvuselela umnotho wayo. Eminyakeni engaphezu kweyishumi edlule, ngomzamo wokuletha imisebenzi eNew London futhi bavuselele idolobha labo abagulayo, izikhulu zedolobha zanquma ukwakha idolobhana lasedolobheni elalizonezela imisebenzi futhi lidonsele izivakashi kulendawo. Izikhulu zasebenzisa lelocebo, kanye nezisusa zezimali, ukuyenga i-Pfrigggn enkulu yezemithi ukuba yakhe isakhiwo sendlunkulu esingu-26 emahektare ayo. Zibophelele ukukhokha ingxenye eyodwa kwezinhlengo zayo yempahla eminyakeni eyishumi yokuqala, uPfutize wachitha isambagamu esingu-R494 000 saqala ngo-750 000 000 (R1) ngohlelo lweziquare-200.

Ingxenye yesivumelwano nePfizer yayihlanganisa ukususa - ngezindawo ezivelele - indawo eseduze nendlunkulu entsha yenkampani ukuze ithathe indawo yezitolo, amahhotela, nama-condominium. Lesi sici secebo sabangela ukumelana okukhulu kombuso kusuka kubaninimakhaya ababengafuni ukuthengisa izakhiwo zabo.

Esinqumweni esiphikisayo esingu-5 kuya ku-4, inkantolo ephakeme yanquma ukuthi izinzuzo umphakathi ozijabulelayo ekukhuleni kwezomnotho okufanelekayo amasu afana "wokusetshenziswa komphakathi" ngaphansi kokuthatha u-Clause weSichibiyelo sesihlanu. Isinqumo sakusekela ngokuphumelelayo ukusetshenziswa kwezindawo ezidumile ezihloselwe ukuthuthukisa zomnotho, ngisho nalapho indawo elahlwayo ekugcineni idluliselwa kubathuthukisi babantu abazimele kunokuba isetshenziselwe izinjongo zomphakathi ezingokwesiko.

Isinqumo seNkantolo ePhakeme ka-2005 sabangela ukuphikisana ngokusetshenziswa nobukhulu bendawo ephakeme, ikhuthaza izenzo eziningi emazingeni endawo, ezwe nakuhulumeni. Icala lomphakathi lashesha futhi laqina. Naphezu kwesinqumo somphakathi seNkantolo Ephakeme yase-U.S. eKelo v. City of New London, indawo ephambili yenzuzo yabantu iyaqhubeka isongela abaninikhaya namabhizinisi amancane.

Ohulumeni abaningi bathatha isinyathelo sokuqinisa amalungelo amnikazi wempahla ngokulandela i-Kelo v. New London, kodwa ukulahla nombuso odumile kuseyindlela engokomthetho yokuthatha impahla uma ibhekwa njengenzuzo yenzuzo enkulu. Lezinguquko zombuso ziye zathatha izindlela ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise nezincazelo eziqinile zokusetshenziswa komphakathi, izimfuneko zokukhokhela, kanye nesivikelo sezindawo ezengeziwe kubanikazi bempahla.

Umphumela Ongalawuleki Emiphakathini Engalawuleki

Esinye sezici ezikhathaza kakhulu zokuvuselelwa kwezindawo ezivelele zamadolobha yithonya lazo elingenakulinganiswa emiphakathini yemibala nezindawo ezicekelwe phansi. Ukuvuselelwa kwezindawo zasedolobheni kwaqhubeka kubhubhisa imiphakathi esengozini yemibala ewubala kulo lonke elase-United States. Ukucwaninga kukaDkt. Mindy Fumilovel kwaveza imisebenzi yokuvuselela amadolobha engaphezu kwesigidi esisodwa eyasuswa ngempoqo amaMelika kusukela ngo-1949 kuya ku-1973. Phakathi kwalawo asuswa ngempoqo, ama-3 amathathu ayema-Afrika, ayecishe asuswa e-America, ayecishe aphindekahlanu.

Lendlela ayizange ibekwe phansi emlandweni. Emashumini eminyaka kamuva, imiphakathi ehloselwe ukuthuthukisa intuthuko yabantu ngabanye isengozini kakhulu yokuba imiphakathi enemibala, kuyilapho izakhamuzi zisengozini kakhulu yokuphila ngaphansi noma ngaphansi kobumpofu futhi zinezinga eliphansi leholo nemfundo kunezindawo ezizungezile. Lokhu kuhlukana okuqhubekayo kuphakamisa imibuzo engathi sína ngobulungisa bemvelo, isivikelo esilinganayo, nokusetshenziswa ngokungakhethi kwemibuso kahulumeni.

Ngenxa yokuthi ifeza indima eyinhloko ekuvuselelweni kwezindawo ezisemadolobheni, ngokuvamile ithinta imikhaya empofu enemibala. Ukugxila kwemizamo ethuthukisiwe kulemiphakathi kubonisa kokubili izindlela ezingokomlando zokuhlukana nezingcindezi zezomnotho zanamuhla ezenza lezizindawo zibe izisulu ezikhangayo zokuthuthukiswa kabusha.

Ukuvuselelwa kwezindawo zasemadolobheni okuvamile ngokuthuthukiswa kabusha kwamadolobha okusetshenziswa njengendlela eyinhloko yokuthola nokuhlanganisa imisebenzi yokususa okulimazayo kunokuthuthukisa izimo nokundisa amathuba ezingane nemikhaya ehlala kulemiphakathi futhi ngokuvamile kubangelwa imizamo yokuthuthukiswa komphakathi. Lokhu kuqokomisa ukucindezeleka okuyisisekelo ekuthuthukeni kwamadolobha: imisebenzi efanelekile njengenzuzo ngokuvamile iphumela ekususweni kwezakhamuzi ezikhona ezingazitholi izinzuzo.

Amalungelo Okuba Nempahla Nezinqubo Ezingokomthetho

Naphezu kwemibuso emikhulu enikezwa ohulumeni ngemibuso evelele, abanikazi bempahla banamalungelo namakhambi.

Ilungelo Lokuvivinya Ukuthatha

Banelungelo lokutshelwa, lokubuyisana, nokubekela inselele isinqumo uma bekholelwa ukuthi asilungile. Lamalungelo anika abanikazi bempahla amathuba amaningi okulwa nezenzo zokulahla abakholelwa ukuthi azilungile noma alungile.

Ohulumeni bangalahla impahla kuphela ngezinjongo zomphakathi ezingokomthetho. Uma ukusetshenziswa komphakathi kungahlangani nezilinganiso ezingokomthetho noma uma kunezisusa ezicashile ezibangela ukulahlwa, njengokuzuzisa umthuthukisi wezwe, lesi isisekelo esiqinile senselele. Abanikazi bezindawo abangabonisa ukuthi ukuthatha okuthile okuhlongozwayo akufezeki injongo yangempela yomphakathi kungaphumelela ekuvimbeleni ukulahlwa ngokuphelele.

Umnini-mpahla ofuna ukubekela isiqu kumele afake icala eNkantolo Ephakeme phakathi nezinsuku ezingu-45 zesinqumo esiqanjiwe. Lezizikhombo eziqinile zigcizelela ukubaluleka kokwenza ngokushesha lapho usolwa. Abanikazi bezindawo abaphuthelwa yilezi zikhathi ezimisiwe bangase balahlekelwe ilungelo labo lokubekela inselele, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi icala labo liyini.

Amanani Ayinselele

Ukubaluleka kwempahla kuyisici esibucayi senqubo yokulahla. Uma isinxephezelo esinikezwayo singalibonisi ngokunembile inani lempahla yakho, ummeli wakho angakusiza ukuba unikeze ubufakazi obufana nokuzincoma okuzimele noma imibono engochwepheshe ukuze usekele icala lakho ngenxa yembuyiselo engakhethi. Izimpikiswano zokubelesela ziphakathi kwezindaba ezivame kakhulu ekugwebeni futhi ngokuvamile zimelela indlela ekhiqiza kakhulu kumnini-mpahla ukuze andise imbuyiselo yabo.

Lokho akusekelwe ekusetshenzisweni kwendawo kwamanje, kodwa kunalokho ukusetshenziswa kwayo okukhulu kakhulu nokungcono kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, inzuzo ingahlelwa ngendlela yokuthi umthengisi webhokisi elikhulu akhiwe lapho noma indawo yokuhlala ingasetshenziselwa izakhiwo zokuhlala. "Azithathi nje lelozwe, kodwa zithatha amalungelo akho okuthuthukisa," futhi ngomthetho, udinga ukukhokhwa ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwempahla okubiza kakhulu. Lesi simiso singandisa imbuyiselo, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yezakhiwo ezingcono kakhulu ezingase zisetshenziswe kakhulu.

Uma ukuthatha kuhilela indawo engaphansi kwempahla yonke, isinxephezelo kufanele sithathe noma yimuphi umonakalo empahleni engathathwanga. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ekuthatheni ngokwengxenye, njengalapho uhulumeni elahla indawo ebanzi yomgwaqo. Impahla esele inganciphiswa, incishiswe, noma incishiswe, konke okumelwe kuboniswe ngokukhokhelwa.

Ukubaluleka Kokumelela Ngokomthetho

Ummeli: Lesi isinyathelo esisodwa esibaluleke kakhulu ongase usithathe lapho uphikisa ukulahlwa. Ummeli onolwazi ovelele embusweni ophakeme namalungelo empahla angakumelela ekumangalelweni kokulahlwa kwecala futhi aqinisekise ukuthi amalungelo akho avikelwe kuyo yonke lenqubo. Ubunzima bomthetho wokulahla nezigxobo ezibalulekile ezihilelekile kwenza ukuba ukumelelwa okungokomthetho kubaluleke kakhulu kubanikazi bempahla abaningi.

Abameli abaqavile baletha ulwazi olukhethekile lwezindlela zokubala, izimfuneko ze-processic, namasu okuxoxa angathuthukisa kakhulu imiphumela kumnini mpahla. Bangabona amaphutha angokwemvelo angaqeda ukuthatha, athuthukise ubufakazi bokusekela imbuyiselo ephakeme, futhi asebenzise indlela eyinkimbinkimbi engokomthetho yokulahla.

Ukulahlwa

Inkolelo - mbono ehlobene neyomthetho, emelene nokulahlwa, ichaza isimo lapho uhulumeni engathathi isiqu esingokomthetho kodwa ngokuyinhloko ilawula konke ukusebenza kwempahla. Lemfundiso inikeza abanikazi bempahla ikhambi lapho izenzo zikahulumeni zibaphuca amalungelo empahla ngaphandle kokulahlwa okungokomthetho.

Ukulahlwa okungaqondani kulapho uhulumeni ebusa indawo evelele kodwa ehluleka ukukhokhela umnikazi ngokungakhethi. Ukuze athole isigwebo esiphambene, umnikazi wempahla kumelwe adlulisele icala kuhulumeni ukuze athole indawo noma isinxephezelo esingakhethi ngenxa yempahla yakhe. Iziphakamiso ezihlukene zokulahla zingavela emongweni ohlukene, kuhlanganise nezenzo zokulawula ezivimbela kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwempahla, ukuhlasela ngokomzimba ngemisebenzi kahulumeni, noma izimo lapho uhulumeni ethatha khona impahla ngaphandle kokulandela izinqubo ezifanelekile.

Ukulinganisela Izidingo Zomphakathi Namalungelo Angasese

Umbango phakathi kwezidingo zomphakathi namalungelo empahla ewabo usemagunyeni omthetho ophakeme. Abasekeli baphikisa ngokuthi ukuthuthuka kwezomnotho kuwumsebenzi osemthethweni womphakathi ngenjongo yokuzibusa. Baphawula ukuthi ukubambisana komphakathi okuye kwavela ukuze kusizwe ohulumeni ekuhlanganeni nezidingo zokuhlangana kuyisu elidingekile nelifanele lokuthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa komphakathi. Futhi bathi imisebenzi emisha kanye nentela evezwe yile misebenzi yokuvuselela amadolobha kuzuzisa umphakathi wonke.

Nokho, abagxeki baphakamisa ukukhathazeka okukhulu. Labo abaphikisayo bathi kumane nje kuxhomeke emalini engumninimandla onke. Bathi, ohulumeni bendawo basebenzisa imibuso evelele ukuphoqa abantu ukuba baphumele ngaphandle kwezwe labo ukuze abakhi bomuntu siqu bakwazi ukwakha amakhaya namahhovisi abiza kakhulu ayokhokha izintela zempahla eziningi kunezakhiwo abazozibuyisela. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi ukuthuthuka kwezomnotho okuthatha inzuzo enkulu kungafaka isizukulwane esingenisa imali eningi ngaphezu kwenzuzo yangempela yomphakathi.

Kudingeka kube nengxoxo enkulu ngencazelo "yenjongo yomphakathi". Ukusetshenziswa kwezindawo ezivelele kungase kungahlukanisani njengoba kubonakala. Kungaba isithiyo sokwakha esiyisisekelo uma sisetshenziswa ngokufanelekile, kodwa indlela lempikiswano ehlelwa ngayo ingadala ukwahlukana okungadingekile. Lokhu kuhlola kubhekisela ekutholeni indawo efanayo ngokusebenzisa imibuso evelele nokunaka okukhulu kakhulu ethonyeni lomphakathi.

Izimiso Zokusetshenziswa Okufanele

Ngo-200.000, i-Casey Foundation Development i-ocet ye-Casey Foundation yabiza abantu nhlangothi zombili zenkampane edumile ukuze babone ukuthi leli thuluzi lingasetshenziswa kanjani ekusekeleni kunokuba lisuse imikhaya. Lengxoxo yaveza uhlelo lwezimiso eziqondisayo zokusebenzisa indawo ephezulu ephezulu ebekwe kulombiko. Imizamo enjalo yokusungula imikhuba engcono kakhulu imelela izinyathelo ezibalulekile ekusetshenzisweni okulinganayo kwemibuso ephakeme.

Injongo yokuthuthukiswa kweNguquko Yomthetho akukona ukunqanda ukuvuselelwa, kodwa ukuthonya izenzo kanye nezindlela zokuthuthukisa usizo olutholakalayo emikhayeni ethintekile.

Izimiso eziyinhloko zokusetshenziswa okubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni kabusha kwamadolobha zihlanganisa: ukuqinisekisa inzuzo yangempela yomphakathi kunokuzuza komuntu siqu ngokuyinhloko; ukunikeza imbuyiselo ebonisa ukubaluleka kwempahla yeqiniso; ukunikeza usizo lokuthutha nokusekela izakhamuzi ezishiywe kwenye indawo; ukuxoxa ngomphakathi okunenjongo ngaphambi kokuklama izindawo zokuthuthukiswa; ukusebenzisa indawo evelele njengendlela yokugcina yokuziphendulela ngemva kokuthola ezinye izindlela ezikhathazayo; nokusebenzisa izinyathelo zokulandisa ezithenjisiwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi kuzuzisa yini.

Izinkinga Zangesikhathi Esizayo Nentuthuko Yamuva

Izindawo eziphezulu kanye nokuvuselelwa kwezindawo zasedolobheni kuyaqhubeka kuguqukela ekuphenduleni ekushintsheni izimo zezomnotho, intuthuko yomthetho, kanye nezimo zomphakathi. Uma nje icebo lokuvuselela amadolobha seliqanjwa yiqembu elihlobene, linikeza igunya lokuvuselela amandla okuthatha impahla yomuntu siqu eyaziwa endaweni ethuthukisiwe eyaziwa njengendawo edumile, edinga umnikazi ukuba adayise impahla eqondile. Nokho, ukusebenza kwalamandla kubhekene nokwenyuka kokuhlola nokumelana.

Iminyaka yamuva nje kuye kwaba nokuthethwa kwemali yenkokhelo kanye nobukhulu obufanele begunya lokukhuliswa. Icala lesibili labekela inselele inani lezentengiselwano elisetshenziswa embonini. Nakuba i-SRA yayithemba ukuxazulula ukuthengiselana ngokuphathelene nemali yezentengiselwano, amaqembu awakwazanga ukufinyelela isivumelwano futhi icala laqulwa. NgoMay 2023, ummeli wamacala waphumelela ekuqulweni kwecala futhi i-SRA yathola isahlulelo sokuqala endabeni eyayifuna ukuba ikhokhele izindleko ezengeziwe ezingama - R260,58000,000 [R1,58 000 000] ukuze kukhokhelwe izindleko zokuthatha. Lokhu kubonisa izikhwana eziyinhloko ezihilelekile ekuhlolweni kwemali kanye nokubaluleka kwezimiso ezifanele.

Amanye amagunya aye asusa ukuthuthukisa okungokwesiko. Amalungu e-SRA axoxa ngalezi zinkathazo futhi anquma ukuthi ngeke aphishekele ukuvuselelwa kwamadolobha kulendawo ngenkathi emfushane. Kunalokho akhuthaza izisebenzi ze-SRA ukuba zisebenzise ezinye izindlela ukuze zifinyelele ukuvuselelwa kabusha kwezindawo zomuzi kanye nezindawo ezizimele ngasese, njengenqubo ye-RFP enezisusa zokuthenga iphakheji eliseduze. Lezizindlela ezihlukile zinganikeza izindlela zokufinyelela imigomo yokuthuthukisa futhi kuyilapho zigwema ezinye zezimpikiswano ezihlangene nezindawo ezidumile.

Ukuhlanganyela Nokuqondisa Umphakathi

Njengoba kwasungulwa ngo-2021 wesivumelwano (MAA) phakathi kwe-SRA ne-Omerville City Council, noma yisiphi isimo sempahla kubhekiswe kumbonisi owenzela inzuzo njengengxenye yokumiswa kwepulani ethuthukiswayo yasemadolobheni kumelwe futhi sihambisane nokwakhiwa kwe-CPICO Advisory Committee (COC). I-CAC iyikomiti yababambi beminyango yendawo (umzk. izakhamuzi, abanikazi bamabhizinisi, izisebenzi eziphethe izakhiwo) endaweni noma eduze kwedolobha okuvuselelwa izinhlelo zokuqondisa ukuhlelwa kwesinqumo somphakathi we-SRA. Izindlela ezinjalo zokufaka ukwaziswa zimelela izigwebo ezibalulekile ekuxhaseni imibuso emisha.

Ukuthembisana okukhuliswe emphakathini kungasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi imisebenzi yokuthuthukisa ifeza inzuzo yomphakathi nezidingo zomphakathi ngempela. Uma izakhamuzi zinamathuba abalulekile okuhlanganyela ezinqubeni zokuhlela, imisebenzi ingenzeka kakhulu ukuba ibonise izinto eziza kuqala zendawo futhi kungabi namathuba amancane okuphumela ekuthathekeni okungalungile. Ukubonisana okungenabulungisa ekwenzeni izinqumo, ukukhulumisana okucacile ngemigomo yemisebenzi kanye nemiphumela, nokusabela ngobuqotho emphakathini konke kunengxenye ekuthuthukiseni imiphumela elinganayo.

Ukuqamba okubalulekile kwemikhankaso yentuthuko yangaphandle

Lokhu kungazwakala njengokusetshenziswa kwezindawo ezivelele ekuthuthukiseni komuntu siqu, ngokuvamile okungavunyelwe ngaphansi komthetho wase California ngemva kokuncishiswa kwezinhlangano ezithuthukisa ukuthuthuka. Nokho, intuthuko ye-site-nethi lapho ibangelwa ukuthuthuka komuntu siqu -- ingeyokusiza umphakathi, futhi ngenxa yalokho indawo evelele ivunyelwe uma zonke ezinye izimfuneko zaneliswa. Lokhu kubonisa ukuyinkimbinkimbi okuqhubekayo kokunquma ukuthi yini esemthethweni ekwenza ukwenzeka emongweni wentuthuko yomuntu siqu.

Kwezinye izimo, izinkampani ezizimele zingasebenzisa isigwebo ekwakheni amapayipi, izintambo zamandla, noma ezinye izakhiwo. Kumele zifakazele ukuthi umsebenzi wazo ufeza isidingo somphakathi, njengokunikeza amandla. Izithunywa zegunya elivelele lezindawo ezizimele ezizimele ezimele izinhlangano zabantu zihlala ziphikisana, futhi abagxeki babuze ukuthi ukuthatha okunjalo ngempela kufeza izinjongo zomphakathi noma ngokuyinhloko kuzuzisa izithakazelo zenkampani.

Ukunakekela Okuwusizo Abanikazi Bempahla

Abanikazi bempahla abangabhekana nokulahlwa kufanele bawaqonde amalungelo abo nezinketho. Ukuthatha isinyathelo ngaphambi kwesikhathi kungathuthukisa kakhulu imiphumela futhi kulondoloze ezinye izindlela ezingase zigcinwe.

Izinyathelo Zokuthatha Lapho Usolwa

Okokuqala, abanikazi bezindawo kufanele bazibukeze ngokucophelela zonke izimpawu nemiyalezo evela kumphathi olahlayo. Ukuqonda isikhathi sokusabela nezizathu eziqondile zokuthatha kubalulekile. Ukungaqiniseki kwezikhathi ezibucayi kungaphumela ekulahlekelweni kwamalungelo abalulekile, ngakho ukunakekela okuphuthumayo kuzo zonke izincwadi kubalulekile.

Okwesibili, abanikazi bempahla kufanele bacabangele ukuzihlolela ngokwabo impahla yabo. Lokhu kunikeza isisekelo sokuhlola isinxephezelo sikahulumeni futhi kungaba ubufakazi ezingxoxweni noma ekuhlawulweni kwemali. Ukuhlola akufanele kucabangele kuphela ukusetshenziswa kwempahla kwamanje kodwa futhi nokusetshenziswa kwayo okukhulu kakhulu, ukukhula, nanoma yiziphi izici ezikhethekile ezingase zithinte inani.

Okwesithathu, abanikazi bezindawo kufanele bathintane nommeli ojwayelene nomthetho ophakeme. Ukumelelwa komthetho kubaluleke kakhulu ukubekwa kwesigwebo kanye nezigxobo ezibalulekile ezihilelekile. Ummeli angasiza ekuhloleni amandla ezinselele ezingase zivele, athintane ngembuyiselo ephakeme, futhi amele izithakazelo zomnini-mthetho phakathi nenqubo.

Okwesine, abanikazi bempahla kufanele babhale phansi izakhiwo zabo, kuhlanganise nezithombe, amarekhodi entuthuko, ubufakazi benkathi yemali (kwezentengiselwano), nanoma iziphi izici ezingase zithinte ukubaluleka. Le mibhalo ingaba usizo olukhulu ekusekeleni izinxephezelo.

Ukuqonda Ingxenye Ethathwayo

Ukulahlwa kungahlanganisa isilinganiso esingaphansi kwempahla yonke. Ngokwesibonelo, isifundazwe singalahla isiqephu esingamamitha ayishumi esiphakathi kwamamitha angaphambili ukuze sande umgwaqo. Kungase futhi kugxekwe ukuqabuleka, kunokuba kube ubunikazi, ukuthatha imigqa yamanzi.

Umonakalo wempahla esele ungahlanganisa ukuncipha kokungena, ukulahlekelwa ukupaka izimoto, ukuncipha kokubonakala, ukuwohloka komsindo, noma ukuncipha kwentuthuko. Abanikazi bezindawo kufanele bazicabangele ngokucophelela zonke izindlela ukuthatha inxenye okungase kuthinte ngazo indawo yabo esele futhi baqinisekise ukuthi lemiphumela iyabonakala ezingxoxweni zembuyiselo.

Ukuthatha Isikhashana

Ukuthatha kungaba yisikhashana. Ngokwesibonelo, umbuso ungadinga ukusebenzisa ingxenye yesakhiwo esingumakhelwane ukuze ungene lapho wakha ijele eliyokwazi ukuthatha imoto. Ukuthatha isikhashana kudinga isinxephezelo senkathi yokusetshenziswa kanye nanoma yimuphi umonakalo ohlala njalo owenziwe phakathi naleyo nkathi. Abanikazi bezindawo kufanele baqinisekise ukuthi izivumelwano eziphathelene nokuthatha isikhathi esicacile sokusetshenziswa, izimfuneko zokubuyisela, kanye nemali ekhokhelwayo.

Ikusasa Lokwethamela Umbuso Ovelele Ekuthuthukeni Kwezikhungo Zasedolobheni

Indima evelele yezindawo ezivelele ekuthuthukeni kwamadolobha iyaqhubeka iguquka ngenxa yokucindezela okungokomthetho, okungokomnotho, nokungokwenhlalo.

Okokuqala, kuqashelwa ngokwengeziwe isidingo sezindlela zokuthuthukisa amadolobha ezilinganayo ezigwema ukususwa nokuphazamiseka komphakathi okwaphawula ukuvuselelwa kwamadolobha phakathi nekhulu lama-20. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukugcizelelwa okukhulu kokubophana komphakathi, usizo oluvuselelwe, nemizamo yokuqinisekisa ukuthi izakhamuzi ezikhona zingazuza ekuthuthukeni futhi kunokuba zifuduswe yiwo.

Okwesibili, imibuso eminingi iye yathatha izindinganiso eziqinile zokusetshenziswa kwezindawo ezivelele ngemva kwesinqumo seKelo. Lezinguquko zihlanganisa izincazelo ezilinganiselwe zokusetshenziswa komphakathi, izimfuneko zembuyiselo, kanye nezindlela zokuvikela ezinye. Ukuphumelela kwalezinguquko kuyahlukahluka, kodwa kubonisa ukukhathazeka komphakathi okugcwele mayelana nokusetshenziswa kabi kwemibuso ephakeme.

Okwesithathu, kunesithakazelo esandayo kwezinye izindlela zokuthuthukisa amadolobha ezincike kakhulu ezindaweni ezivelele. Lezi zihlanganisa izinhlelo ezisekelwe kakhulu, ukubambisana komphakathi okuklanyelwe ukugwema ukuthatha izinto ngempoqo, ukubhalisa indawo, nokuthembana komphakathi. Nakuba indawo edumile iseyithuluzi elibalulekile, ukuhlola ezinye izindlela kungasiza ekufinyeleleni imigomo yokuthuthukisa kuyilapho kuncishiswa izingxabano nabanikazi bempahla.

Okwesine, ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu nezidingo zesisekelo kudala izingcindezi ezintsha zokusetshenziswa kwendawo ephakeme. Izinga lolwandle, izenzakalo zezulu ezimbi, nesidingo sokuzivumelanisa nesimo sezulu kungase kudinge ukuba kutholakale indawo esendaweni esengozini. Ngokufanayo, ushintsho lokuvuselelwa kwamandla nokuhlelwa kwezakhiwo kungenza ukuba kube nesidingo esisha sokuthola indawo. Lezi zidingo ezisanda kuvela ziyovivinya ukulingana phakathi kwesidingo somphakathi namalungelo empahla emongweni omusha.

Imikhuba Emihle Kakhulu Yohulumeni Neziphathimandla Ezithuthukisayo

Ohulumeni neziphathimandla ezithuthukisa kabusha bangathatha izinyathelo eziningana zokuqinisekisa ukuthi umbuso ovelele usetshenziswa ngokufanelekile nangendlela elinganayo emisebenzini yokuthuthukisa amadolobha.

Okokuqala, indawo evelele kufanele isetshenziswe njengendlela yokugcina yokuzilibazisa ngemva kokuthenga ngokuzithandela, ukushintshana kwezindawo, noma ukubeka isakhiwo esiqinile. Isimo sokulahla senza kufaneleke kuphela uma ezinye izindlela zihlulekile noma zingekho nokwenzeka.

Okwesibili, ohulumeni kufanele baqinisekise ukuthi imisebenzi ifeza izinjongo zomphakathi ngempela kunokuzuzisa abakhi abazimele ngokuyinhloko. Lokhu kudinga ukuhlolisisa imisebenzi ehlongozwayo, izinqubo zokwenza izinqumo ezibonisayo, kanye nezinqubo zokulandisa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinzuzo zomphakathi ezithenjisiwe ziyenzeka.

Okwesithathu, imbuyiselo kufanele ibe ngesihle futhi kufanele ikhokhele wonke amathonya kumnini zindawo, kuhlanganise nezindleko zokuthutha, ukuphazamisa kwebhizinisi, nokulahlekelwa ukuxhumana komphakathi. Imbuyiselo elungile akuyona nje imfuneko yomthetho-sisekelo kuphela kodwa futhi nesibopho sokusebenza kulabo abampahla yabo ithathwa ukuze kuzuze umphakathi.

Okwesine, ohulumeni kufanele bathintane nomphakathi ngaphambi kokuhlela izindawo zokuthuthukisa noma zokuqala ukulahla.

Okwesihlanu, ohulumeni kufanele banikeze izakhamuzi namabhizinisi afudukayo usizo oluqinile nezinkonzo ezisekelayo, kuhlanganise nokuthola indawo yokuhlala noma indawo yezentengiselwano, usizo olunyakazisayo nokusekela ukuxhumana komphakathi.

Okwesithupha, ohulumeni kufanele basebenzise izimfuneko ezicacile, eziqondile zokusebenzisa iziqu ezilimazayo nezinye izinqumo ezibangela igunya elivelele.

Imithombo Yezinto Nemininingwane Engeziwe

Abanikazi bezakhiwo nabanye abanesithakazelo sokufunda okwengeziwe ngezindawo ezidumile nokuthuthukiswa kwamadolobha bangathola imithombo eminingi. Izikhulu zeMahluleli zinikeza ukwaziswa okubanzi ngamalungelo empahla nemizamo yokulungisa izindawo eziphambili. Izinkampani eziningi zesifunda zinikeza imithombo yezimali futhi zikhomba abameli abanikeza izikhundla ezikhethekile eziphethe umthetho wezindawo eziphambili. Ama-Academic kanye nokucabanga ama-anki asakaza ukucwaninga ngentuthuko yempahla, amalungelo empahla, kanye nemiphumela yezindawo ezidumile.

Amawebhusayithi kahulumeni wendawo anikeza ukwaziswa ngokuphathelene namasu athuthukisiwe, izinqubo zokulahla okunzima, nokuthintana nokwaziswa kwezinhlangano ezihlobene nalokhu. Abanikazi bezindawo ababhekene nokulahlwa kufanele bahlole futhi imithetho eqondile kahulumeni namalungiselelo omthetho-sisekelo ngokuphathelene nendawo ephakeme, njengoba lokhu kuhluka kakhulu ezikhungweni ezihlukene.

Izinhlangano zochwepheshe ezinjenge- Appraisal Institute zinganikeza ukwaziswa mayelana nokubaluleka kwempahla enqubweni yokulahla. American Planning Association inikeza imithombo engohlelo lwasemadolobheni kanye nemisebenzi engcono kakhulu. Izinhlangano zokuthuthukisa umphakathi nezinhlangano zosizo olungokomthetho zinganikeza usizo kubanikazi bempahla abangakwazi ukukhomba izimpawu ezingokomthetho ngasese.

Isiphetho: Ukushintsha Umklamo Oyinkimbinkimbi Wokwethamela Izindawo Ezinhle

Izindawo eziphambili nokulahlwa kusenamathuluzi abalulekile okuthuthukisa amadolobha nentuthuko, okwenza ohulumeni bakwazi ukuphishekela imisebenzi efeza isithakazelo somphakathi. Amandla okuthola impahla eyimfihlo ukuze isetshenziswe umphakathi avule ukwakhiwa kwemigwaqo, izikole, izinto ezisemzimbeni, nezinye izisekelo ezibucayi umphakathi wanamuhla oxhomeke kuzo. Ngaphandle kwaleligunya, abanikazi bempahla ngabanye bangavimbela imisebenzi ezuzisa yonke imiphakathi.

Nokho, ukusetshenziswa kwezindawo ezivelele kuphakamisa imibuzo ejulile ngokulinganisela okufanele phakathi kwezidingo zomphakathi namalungelo empahla yomuntu siqu. Ukwanda "kokusetshenziswa komphakathi" ukuhlanganisa ukuthuthuka kwezomnotho nokuthuthukiswa kabusha kwamadolobha kuye kwadala impikiswano enkulu, ikakhulukazi uma impahla elahlwayo ekugcineni izuzisa abathuthukisi bomuntu siqu kunokuba izuzise imisebenzi yomphakathi engokwesiko. Ithonya elingenakulinganiswa emiphakathini yemibala nezindawo ezingenisa imali ephansi linezela ukukhathazeka okuphuthumayo ngezezentethelelo nobulungisa ezimpikiswaneni ezifanele zezindawo eziphambili.

Isimiso somthetho esibusa indawo ephakeme sibonisa imizamo eqhubekayo yokulinganisela lezizithakazelo ezincintisanayo. Izimfuneko zomthetho-mthetho zokusetshenziswa komphakathi kanye nenkokhelo nje zinikeza abanikazi bempahla isivikelo esibalulekile, kuyilapho izikhungo ze-procedism zinikeza amathuba okubekela inselele ukuthatha noma ukukhokha okunganele. Izinguquko zezinga likahulumeni ezamukelwayo ngokusabela esinqumweni sikaKelo zibonisa ukuthi umthetho uyaqhubeka uguquka ngenxa yokusabela ezinkingeni zomphakathi nezishintsha izimo.

Kubaphathi bempahla ababhekene nokulahlwa, ukuqonda amalungelo abo nokukhetha abakukhethayo kubalulekile. Ukuxoxa nomthetho osukhona, ukuthola izinqumo ezizimele, nokunaka ngokucophelela izimfuneko zemvelo kungathuthukisa kakhulu imiphumela. Nakuba amandla kahulumeni okulahla impahla ebanzi, awanamkhawulo, futhi abanikazi bempahla banamathuba anenjongo okubekela inselele yokuthatha noma ukuxoxa ukuze bakhokhele imbuyiselo elungile.

Kuhulumeni nakuhulumeni abahluzekile, ukusetshenziswa kombuso ovelele kudinga ukunakwa okucophelelayo enzuzoni yangempela yomphakathi, imbuyiselo elungile, ukuthembisana komphakathi, nokusekela izakhamuzi ezishiyekile. Izindawo ezizimele kufanele zisetshenziswe njengendlela yokugcina, ngokucabangela ngokugcwele ezinye izindlela nemiphumela emiphakathini ethintekile. Ukubonisana ekukhiqizeni izinqumo, izilinganiso ezicacile zeziqu ezilimazayo, nokuziphendulela ngezinzuzo ezithenjisiwe kungasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi izakhiwo ezithuthukisiwe zifeza izithakazelo zomphakathi kuyilapho zifeza amalungelo empahla.

Ukubheka phambili, indima yezindawo ezivelele ekuthuthukeni kwamadolobha kuyoqhubeka iguquka ekusabeleni ekushintsheni kwezidingo ezishintshiwe. Ukushintsha isimo sezulu, izakhiwo zanamuhla, nokuhlala emadolobheni kuyokwenza kube nesidingo esisha sokuthola indawo, kuyilapho ukukhathazeka ngokususwa kwendawo ehlelekile nomphakathi kuyohlela indlela lemibuso esetshenziswa ngayo. Ukuthola izindlela ezisiza ukuba imisebenzi edingekayo yomphakathi ivikele amalungelo empahla kanye nokusekela imiphakathi ethintekayo kuseyinselele eqhubekayo edinga ukunakekela okuqhubekayo kubenzi bezimiso zemithetho, ochwepheshe bezomthetho, nezakhamuzi eziboshelwayo.

Umbango phakathi kwezidingo zomphakathi namalungelo empahla womuntu siqu uvela ezindaweni ezivelele futhi awunakuxazululwa ngokugcwele. Nokho, ngokusebenzisa izimiso zomthetho ngokucabangela, ukuzinikela kwangempela ekulinganiseni nasekulinganiseni, ukubophana komphakathi okunenjongo, nokuqhubeka kuthuthukiswa kwezimiso zomthetho, kungenzeka ukusebenzisa indawo ephakeme ngezindlela ezifeza izinjongo zomphakathi ezingokomthetho kuyilapho uhlonipha amalungelo nabanikazi bempahla nemiphakathi. Lokhu kulinganisela kubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni intuthuko yasemadolobheni efeza ngempela okuhle emphakathini kuyilapho ukulondoloza amalungelo empahla ayisisekelo enkululeko nempumelelo yezomnotho.