Okudingeka Wazi Ngezinhlelo Zomthetho KaHulumeni

Izinqubo ezingokomthetho zikahulumeni zibusa yonke into kusukela ekuphukeni kwezimoto kuya ekubopheni izingxabano nezindaba zomkhaya.

Uhulumeni ngamunye ulondoloza isimiso sawo siqu senkantolo nemithetho ehleliwe, kodwa uhlaka oluyisisekelo luvumelana kuzo zonke izifundazwe ezingamashumi amahlanu. Ukuqonda lesi sici kukusiza ukuba usebenzise izimo ezingokomthetho ngokuqiniseka okukhulu futhi ubambe izinto ezimbalwa ongazilindele.

Isisekelo Sezimiso Zezinkantolo ZoMbuso

Izinkantolo zikahulumeni zisingatha amacala amaningi angokomthetho e-United States. Zisingatha izindaba ezinjengokulimala komuntu siqu, izimpikiswano zesivumelwano, izindaba eziphikisanayo, umthetho womkhaya, amacala obugebengu, kanye ne-probate. Ngokungafani nezinkantolo zikahulumeni, ezisingatha amacala ahilela umthetho kahulumeni noma umthetho-sisekelo, izinkantolo zikahulumeni ziyikhohlakalo oluyiphutha ezimpikiswaneni eziningi ezingokomthetho.

Izimiso zezinkantolo zikahulumeni zivame ukuhlanganisa izitezi ezintathu:

  • [[ALT:0] Izinkantolo zezeTrial[ — lapho kuqala khona amacala futhi kunikezwa khona ubufakazi
  • [ Appenellate zinkantolo — ezibukeza izinqumo zenkantolo zamaphutha angokomthetho
  • Isimo sezinkantolo eziphakeme[ — inkantolo ephakeme kakhulu kuhulumeni, esho okokugcina ezindabeni zomthetho wezwe

Ezinye izigodlo futhi zinamankantolo akhethekile, njengezinkantolo ezincane, izinkantolo zemikhaya, noma izinkantolo ezisekela amacala, eziklanyelwe ukusingatha izinhlobo ezithile zamacala ngendlela ephumelelayo.

Ukuqulisa Icala Elingokomthetho

Inqubo engokomthetho iqala lapho othile eqala icala ngokufaka amafomu enkantolo engokomthetho engokomthetho. Lesinyathelo, esaziwa ngokuthi sihlanganisa isenzo [, sidinga amaphepha akhethekile nokunamathela emithethweni eqondile kahulumeni.

Ukukhononda Noma Isicelo

Ibhukwana lokuqala eligcinwe libizwa ngokuthi ngokusho okuvamile ezicaleni zomphakathi noma upformation noma ukulahla [[[FLT:] ezicaleni zobugebengu]. Lencwadi iveza amaqiniso ayisisekelo empikiswano futhi isho ukuthi isiphi isikhalazo esifunwa yiqembu lemali. Endaweni yomphakathi, ukukhululeka kungaba yimali, isigwebo, noma inkantolo efuna ukuthunywa okuthile. Endabeni yobugebengu, uhulumeni uveza amacala ngokumangalelwa ngenxa yokugqelwa umthetho.

Izimfuneko Ezifiphazayo

Zonke izimo zinezimfuneko zazo zokufaka. Ngokuvamile, kumelwe:

  • Ngenisa amafomu alungile ohlobo lwecala
  • Ukukhokha imali, engasukela ku - R250 ezinkantolo ezincane kuya emadollar angamakhulu ambalwa emacaleni omphakathi ayinkimbinkimbi
  • Nikeza amakhophi okukhononda kweqembu ngalinye eliqanjwe icala
  • Ihele esifundeni esiqondile noma esifundeni sokwahlulela

Ezinye izifundazwe zivumela abantu abakhokha imali ukuze babonise ubunzima obungokwezimali. Uma ungakwazi ukukhokhela imali, ungacela umlindi ngokunikeza isikhulu sezimali enkantolo.

Inkonzo yenhlelo

Ngemva kokuhlela, umkhandlu owaqala icala kumelwe wazise ngokomthetho olunye uhlangothi. Lesinyathelo sibizwa ngokuthi umsizi wenqubo. Inkantolo ngeke iqhubeke kuze kube yilapho ummangalelwa noma iphendulwe kahle inikezwa ikhophi yesikhalo kanye ne-ammendu, okuthiwa banesikhathi esilinganiselwe sokuphendula. Inkonzo ingaqedwa ngenqubo ye-shempper, isiphakeli sangasese, noma kwezinye izimo, iposi egunyaziwe. Imithetho iyahlukahluka ngombuso, futhi inkonzo engafanelekile ingabambezela icala noma ngisho nomphumela wokuxoxiwa.

Izindlela Zokuthatha Iminyaka Emide

Uma ummangalelwa eseye wanikezwa, icala liqala inkathi yangaphambi kwecala. Lenkathi ingathatha noma kuphi kusukela emasontweni ambalwa kuya eminyakeni eminingana, kuye ngokuthi icala liyinkimbinkimbi kangakanani futhi kunezinqumo zenkantolo.

Impendulo Nezinyathelo Zokuqala

Ummangalelwa kumelwe abhale impendulo ebhaliwe, ebizwa ngokuthi impendulo, phakathi kwesakhelo sesikhathi esithile, ngokuvamile izinsuku ezingu-20 kuya kwezingu-30 ngemva komsebenzi. Empendulweni, ummangalelwa uyavuma noma aphike impikiswano ngayinye ekukhanseleni. Ummangalelwa angaphakamisa futhi ukuzivikela kokuvuma noma amafayela amelene nomphathi-mthetho.

Ngaphambi kokufaka impendulo, ummangalelwa angakhetha ukubhala phansi imizwelo, acele inkantolo ukuba ixazulule izindaba ezithile ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Izenzo ezivamile zangaphambi kwempendulo zihlanganisa:

  • Ukuguqula ukulahla [ — iphikisa ngokuthi ngisho noma wonke amaqiniso ekukhonondeni eyiqiniso, i-pacttiff ayinasisekelo esingokomthetho sokusho okuthile
  • Ukuguqula isisho esicacile kakhulu [ — kucela ukuba umkhangisi acacise izikhalo ezingacacisi
  • Motion ukuze ishaye[ — icela inkantolo ukuba isuse izinkulumo ezingabalulekile noma ezingafanelekile ekukhonondeni

Ukuthola

Ukuthola ukuthi inkantolo ithatha isikhathi esiningi. Kuyindlela lapho izinhlangothi zombili zidlulisela khona ukwaziswa futhi ziqoqa khona ubufakazi ukuze zilungiselele ukuqulwa kwecala. Ukuthola kusiza ekuqedeni izimangaliso futhi kuvumela iqembu ngalinye ukuba lihlole amandla nobuthakathaka becala lalo.

Amathuluzi okuthola avamile ahlanganisa:

  • [[I-FLT:0] Izinqumiso[ — imibuzo ebhaliwe okumelwe iphendulwe ngaphansi kwesifungo
  • Izicelo zokukhiqizwa kwamaphepha [ — ukucela ama-imeyili afanele, izivumelwano, amarekhodi ezokwelapha, noma ezinye izinto
  • Izilinganiso[ — ezingxoxweni ezithathelwe isifungo lapho abameli bebuza ofakazi, amaqembu, noma ochwepheshe
  • Izicelo zokuvuma [ — ukucela olunye uhlangothi ukuvuma noma ukuphika amaqiniso athile ukuze kuncishiswe izimpikiswano zokulingwa

Imithetho elawula imithetho yoMbuso ilawula izinga nemingcele yokuthola. Ngokwesibonelo, izifundazwe eziningi zilinganisela inani lemibuzo noma izivumelwano ezivunyelwe ngaphandle kwemvume yenkantolo. Izingxabano zokuthola izinhlelo zivamile, futhi abahluleli bavame ukungena ukuze baxazulule ukungaboni okumelwe kwenziwe.

Izingxoxo Nemihlangano Yangaphambi Kwesenzakalo

Njengoba usuku lokuqulwa kwecala lusondela, inkantolo ingabamba izingqungquthela zangaphambi kwezokwahlulela ukuze ixoxe ngabaphathi becala, amasu okuxazulula, nezindaba ezingokwe-procedro. Kuleliqophelo, abameli bangase bathathe amafayela e-limine, acele inkantolo ukuba ikhiphe ubufakazi obuthile ekuqulweni kwecala. Izenzo zomthetho zingakuhlela ngokuphawulekayo lokho abahluleli noma amajaji abakuzwayo.

Ukuqhubeka Okungokomthetho

Uma icala lingaxazululeki noma lingaphendulwa ngaphambi kokuqulwa kwecala, liqhubekela phambili ekuqulweni kwecala.

Ukukhethwa kwe Jury

Ezimweni lapho icala lejaji lifunwa khona, lenqubo iqala ngenani elithile labasizi bejaji ngenxa yesizathu futhi basebenzise inani elilinganiselwe lezinselele . Bobabili abameli nomahluleli babuza ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuba baphawule ubandlululo noma izingxabano zesithakazelo. Inhlangothi ngayinye ingabekela inselele inani elithile labagqibi bejaji ngenxa yesizathu futhi basebenzise inani elilinganiselwe lezinselele [ ukulahla izikhalazo [[[] ukuxoxa ngaphandle kokusho isizathu. Inani lezinselele zokulahla impikiswano liyahluka ngokwesimo nangohlobo lwecala.

Ukuvula Izinkulumo

Izinkulumo zokuvula azizona izimpikiswano — azilona amazwi okubonisa lokho okuzoboniswa ubufakazi. Isimemezelo esinamandla sokuvula sihlanganisa icala ngendlela elula ukuba abahluleli baqonde futhi bakhumbule.

Ukuboniswa Kobufakazi

Umshushisi uveza icala lakhe kuqala, ukubiza ofakazi nokufakaza amabhukwana, izithombe, ubufakazi obungochwepheshe, noma obunye ubufakazi. Ngemva kobufakazi obubodwa bufakaza ekuhlolweni okuqondile [, ummeli ophikisayo unethuba lokuqhuba [ ukuhlola okunganqamuki. Umgomo wokuhlola isiphambano ukuhlolwa ukuvivinywa kobufakazi nokwethembeka kobufakazi babo.

Ngemva kokuba i-paltiff isihleli icala, isivikelo sinikeza ubufakazi bayo. Isivikelo singabiza ofakazi, sidlulisele imibhalo, noma ubufakazi obungochwepheshe bamanje. Umbhishobhi angase anikeze ubufakazi obuphandle [ ukuze aphikise izimpikiswano ezintsha eziphakanyiswe yisivikelo. Uma izinhlangothi zombili seziphethe ubufakazi, ukuqulwa kwecala kuqhubekela ekuvaleni izimpikiswano.

Amampikiswano Okuvala

Ngokungafani namazwi okuqala, izimpikiswano zokuphetha zihlanganisa ukuphendula, ukuchaza nokunxusa okungokomzwelo — kodwa kumelwe zihlale zisekelwe ebufakazini obunikezwa phakathi nokuqulwa kwecala.

Ukufundisa Nenkululeko

Ecaleni lejaji, umahluleli uyala abahluleli ngomthetho okumelwe bawenze emaqinisweni. Lezi ziyalezo ziyagxeka ngoba zichaza izindinganiso ezingokomthetho okufanele zisetshenziswe yijaji. Abasizi bakhona bangazisebenzisi ngasese kuze kube yilapho bethola isinqumo. Izifundazwe eziningi zidinga isinqumo esivumelanayo ezicabeni zobugebengu, kuyilapho amacala omphakathi angase avumele isinqumo esiningi noma esinamandla kakhulu kuye ngemithetho kahulumeni.

Ukwahlulela Nokukhanga

Lapho icala seliphelile, inkantolo ikhipha ukwahlulela. Ecaleni lejaji, amajaji akhipha isinqumo, futhi umahluleli ungena ekwahluleleni okusekelwe kulesosinqumo. Ecaleni lasebhentshini, lapho kungekho bahluleli abahilelekile, umahluleli ukhipha isinqumo esibhaliwe esinemiphumela eyiqiniso neziphetho zomthetho.

Izinhlobo Zokwahlulela

  • Ukwahlulela okuphakathi [ — kuxazulula zonke izimpikiswano phakathi kwamaqembu futhi kuqede icala
  • Isahlulelo esiyiphutha[ — singene uma omunye umuntu ehluleka ukuphendula noma evela enkantolo
  • [[QUT:0] Ukwahlulela okungaqondakali[ — kunikezwa phambi kokuqulwa uma kungekho qiniso eliphathekayo empikiswaneni futhi omunye enelungelo lokuwina njengendaba yomthetho
  • Isahlulelo sokugunyaza [ — kusekelwe esivumelwaneni phakathi kwamaqembu, esivunyelwe inkantolo

Inqubo Yokukhanga

Iqembu elilahlekelwayo ekuqulweni kwecala lingase lidlulisele icala enkantolo ephakeme. Nokho, ukudlulisa icala akulona ithuba lesibili lokunikeza ubufakazi noma ukuphikisa amaqiniso. Inkantolo ethatha ipesenti ihlola umbhalo wokuqulwa kwecala wamaphutha [ — amaphutha umahluleli owenziwe ngokuchaza noma ukusebenzisa umthetho. Iqembu elikhangayo, elibizwa ngokuthi appanklellant[[, kumelwe libonise ukuthi kwenzeka iphutha nokuthi lithinta umphumela wecala.

Inqubo yokunxusa ihlanganisa:

  • Ukugcwalisa isaziso sokudlulisa [ phakathi kosuku oluqinile olumisiwe, ngokuvamile izinsuku ezingu-30 kusukela ekwahluleleni
  • Ukulungisa irekhodi ngokudlulisa [, okuhlanganisa ama-transcription ohlelo lokuthethwa kwecala namakhophi azo zonke izincwadi ezihlobene
  • Ukunikeza iziphakamiso ezimfushane — izimpikiswano ezicaciswe ngokuningiliziwe ezichaza ukuthi kungani inkantolo equlwayo yenze iphutha noma ukuthi kungani isahlulelo kufanele sisekelwe
  • Impikiswano ral [ — ukuzwa okufushane lapho abameli beveza khona amaphuzu abo ayinhloko futhi baphendule imibuzo evela kubahluleli be-panellate

Inkantolo ethatha isigwebo ingasiqinisekisa isinqumo senkantolo secala, sihlehlise, sishintshe, noma sithumele icala emuva ukuze kuqulwe icala elisha. Ezimweni ezingavamile, inkantolo ephakeme kahulumeni ingase ivume ukuzwa isikhalo esivela enkantolo ephakathi nendawo, kodwa amacala amaningi aphelela ezingeni eliphakathi.

Ukuphoqelelwa Kweziqondiso Zenkantolo

Uma lowo olahlekelwayo engawuthobeli ngokuzithandela umyalo wenkantolo, umnqobi kumelwe athathe izinyathelo ezengeziwe ezingokomthetho ukuze awuphoqelele. Ukuphoqelelwa kulawulwa umthetho kahulumeni futhi ngokuvamile kusingathwa yinkantolo efanayo yokuqulwa kwecala eyakhipha isahlulelo.

Izindlela Ezivamile Zokuphoqelela

  • [[UMTL:0] Imali yokudla [ — umyalo wenkantolo ofuna umqashi ukuba asuse ingxenye yomholo wobolekwayo futhi ayithumele kumninikhokhi
  • Bank levy — qhaqha i-akhawunti yobolekayo yasebhange futhi ubambe imali ukuze kwanelise ukwahlulela
  • [ iproperty phyn — ukubeka icala elingokomthetho esabelweni somhlaba noma somhlaba onecala, okumelwe kukhokhelwe ngaphambi kokuba impahla ithengiswe
  • Ukudayiswa nokuthengiswa kwempahla yomuntu siqu[ — ukugcinwa komthetho kungathatha ngokoqobo kanye nempahla yendali njengezimoto, imishini, noma izinto eziyigugu
  • [ Icala [ — elisetshenziswa lapho iqembu lenqaba ukuvumelana nomyalo wenkantolo, njengokuhluleka ukukhokha ukusekela umntwana noma ukuguqula amabhukwana. Inkantolo ingaphoqa amafa noma isikhathi sejele kuze kube yilapho iqembu lifaka imvume

Ngokwesibonelo, umthetho kahulumeni ulinganisela isilinganiso esingase siholwe iholo, futhi amazwe amaningi akhulula impahla ethile, njengendlu eyinhloko noma amathuluzi okusebenza, ekuthunjweni.

Ukukhishwa Kwesahlulelo Nokuvuselelwa

Isahlulelo senkantolo asihlali phakade. Izahlulelo eziningi zesifundazwe zisebenza ngeminyaka emisiwe, ngokuvamile iminyaka eyishumi kuya kwengu-20, ngemva kwayo iphela. Nokho, izifundazwe eziningi zivumela ukwahlulela ukuba kuphinde kuvuselelwe ukwahlulela ngaphambi kokuba kuphele, kudlulisele ukugcinwa kwayo. Kubalulekile ukulandelela izimpawu ezimisiwe ngoba ukwahlulela okuthatha isikhathi eside kungaba nzima noma kungabi nakwenzeka ukuqoqa.

Enye Impi Engaxazululwa

Akuwona wonke amacala angokomthetho aphela ngecala. Izifunda eziningi zikhuthaza noma zifune ngisho namaqembu ukuba azame isinqumo esihlukile [ [ADR] ngaphambi kokuba ayoqulwa. ADR ingalondoloza isikhathi, inciphise izindleko, futhi inike amaqembu amandla emiphumela.

Isiphazamiso

Ukubuyisana kuhilela iqembu lesithathu elingathathi hlangothi, umlamuleli, osiza abahilelekile ukuba baxazulule impikiswano. Umlamuleli akanqumi icala — kunalokho, wenza kube lula ukuxhumana futhi asize abantu baqaphele ukuthi ikuphi okuvumelanayo. Ukuxhumana kuyimfihlo, futhi noma iziphi izinkulumo ezenziwa phakathi nokuxhumana azinakusetshenziswa kamuva enkantolo. Izinkantolo eziningi zikahulumeni zinezinhlelo zokukhipha izivumelwano zomthetho wemikhaya, izimpikiswano zombango, kanye nezimpikiswano ezincane.

Ukudluliselwa Kwezindawo

I-Arbitation isemthethweni kakhulu kune-mediation. Amaqembu anikeza ubufakazi nezimpikiswano kumphathi, ofaka isinqumo sokubopha noma sokungabopheki. ebopha ukuhlanganisa [, isinqumo sisokugcina futhi singadluliswa kuphela ezicaleni ezimfashinini ezimngciphekweni. [ku-non ehlanganisa ukuhlanganisa [, noma yiliphi iqembu lingasenqaba isinqumo futhi liqhubeke lizahlulele. Abanye bathi ukugunyaza ukuva ngezindlela ezithile, njengempikiswano engaphansi kwenani eliqondile lemali.

Ukucatshangelwa Okungokoqobo Kwezinhlelo Zomthetho ZoMbuso Ezivimbela Umthetho

Ukuqonda inqubo engokomthetho kubalulekile, kodwa ulwazi olusebenzayo lwenza umehluko wangempela lapho uhilelekile ecaleni.

Izilinganiso Zokulinganiselwa

Umbuso ngamunye unezikhathi ezimisiwe, ezibizwa ngokuthi izilinganiso zokulinganiselwa , ngokuhlela izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezimo. Uma uphuthelwa isikhathi, ulahlekelwa ilungelo lakho lokufuna ukukhokha. Uhlelo lwesikhathi luhluka ngokwezwe nangohlobo lwezimo. Isibonelo, ukulimala komuntu siqu kungaba nomkhawulo weminyaka emibili, kuyilapho ukwephulwa kwesivumelwano kungavumela iminyaka emine noma eyisithupha. Amanye amazwe anemikhawulo emifushane yokuzisholo emelene nezinhlangano zikahulumeni. Uma ukholelwa ukuthi unento engokomthetho, ubuza ummeli noma ucwaninge ngeminyaka emisiwe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.

Ukuthola Nokusebenza Nge - Athoriney

Nakuba amanye amacala, njengezimpikiswano ezincane noma ezilula ezibalwayo, zingasingathwa ngaphandle kommeli, izinqubo eziningi zomthetho zizuza ekumeleni kochwepheshe. Ummeli angakusiza ukuba ubhale amabhukwana alungile, uhlangabezane nezikhathi ezimisiwe, uqoqe ubufakazi, futhi unikeze icala lakho ngokuphumelelayo. Ukuze uthole ummeli, ungathintana nenkonzo yenhlangano ye-pareji ye-parel ye-oparters, ucele ukutusa okuvela emithonjeni ethembekile, noma usebenzise amathunala ekhombhusayithi esemthethweni ku-inthane.

Lapho uhlangana nommeli, buza ngolwazi lwabo ngohlobo lwecala lakho, indlela okhokha ngayo, nalokho ongakulindela mayelana nesikhathi nemiphumela. Abameli abaningi banikeza ukuxhumana kwangesihle ekuqaleni, futhi abanye basingatha amacala ngenkokhelo [, okusho ukuthi bakhokhelwa kuphela uma uwina.

Izindlela Zenkantolo Nemithombo Yengcebo Yokusiza

Cishe zonke izimiso zenkantolo yombuso zinikeza imithombo yosizo kubantu abazimelayo, ngokuvamile ababizwa ngokuthi ama-se ama-ligigint. Lemithombo ihlanganisa amafomu agcwalisiweyo, iziqondiso ezifundisayo, futhi ibuza imibuzo kaningi. Izifunda eziningi futhi zinezindawo ezizisizayo noma abaqondisi-mthetho womkhaya abanganikeza isiqondiso esiyisisekelo ngaphandle kokunikeza iseluleko esingokomthetho. [ Isikhungo sesizwe seNkathi yeSizwe seNkathi yeNkathi [ inikeza umbombo wezibo zosizo lwenkantolo.

Ukunakekela Nokulindela Kwenkantolo

Uma uvela enkantolo, ugqoka ngokuqeqeshiwe, ufika kusenesikhathi, futhi uhloniphe bonke abasenkantolo. Khuluma umahluleli ngokuthi "Udumo lwakho" ukhulume kahle; cima ucingo lwakho, ungaphazamisi abanye; ukulandela lemithetho kubonakalisa inhlonipho ngenkantolo futhi kungakuthonya kahle indlela oqondwa ngayo.

Amaphutha Avamile Okungagwenywa Ezicabangweni ZoMbuso

Ukuqaphela lezi zihibe ezivamile kungakusiza ukuba uzigweme ngisho nabantu abayiqondayo inqubo engokomthetho.

  • [ imisa izikhathi ezimisiwe[ — izinkantolo zigcizelela ngokuqinile izikhathi eziphoqelelwe zokufaka, ukusabela, nokukhanga. Ukwephuthelwa isikhathi kungakubulala ecaleni lakho.
  • Ukukhomba ukulondoloza ubufakazi — amabhukwana, izithombe, ama-imeyili, nobufakazi bokwaziswa kokuxhumana kufanele kubuthwe kusenesikhathi. Ubufakazi bungalahleka noma bubhujiswe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
  • Ukukhuluma kakhulu [ — noma yini oyishoyo kwenye ingxenye, enkantolo, noma ngisho nasezokuxhumana kungasetshenziswa kuwe. Buza nommeli wakho ngaphambi kokuba wenze iziphakamiso.
  • Ukusola iziyalo zenkantolo — ukungavumelani neyale yenkantolo kungaholela ekudeleleni, ekuhlawulweni, noma emiphumeleni emibi kakhulu. Ngaso sonke isikhathi zithathe ngokungathi sína iziyalezo zasenkantolo.
  • Zibonakalise ezimweni eziyinkimbinkimbi[ — kuyilapho ukubekwa kwe-sethi kuvumelekile, amacala anzima anemiphumela emikhulu ngokuvamile adinga usizo olungokomthetho olungokobuchwepheshe. Imithetho yobufakazi nenqubo iyinkimbinkimbi, futhi iphutha lingakulahlekisela icala.

Imithombo yokuqonda inqubo ye-mthetho ka-Hulumeni wakho

Uma ufuna ukufunda okwengeziwe ngezinqubo zomthetho eziqondile zikahulumeni wakho, imithombo eminingana enegunya ingasiza. Inhlangano yeMelika Bar inikeza izinto ezifundisayo ezingokomthetho kanye nezixhumene nezindawo zikahulumeni ezihlanganisa i-bar. I-Legal Information Institute [ eCornell Law School iveza isici esiphelele senqubo yomphakathi nezimiso zenkantolo. Iwebhusayithi yenkantolo yenkantolo yakho ngokuvamile iyimithombo engcono kakhulu yemithetho yendawo, izakhiwo, nenkongozezi.

Ukuze ishintshe kakhulu indlela izinkantolo ezisebenza ngayo, i- National Center for State Courts inikeza ukucwaninga nokwaziswa ezinqubweni kulo lonke izwe. I-USA.gov futhi igcina incwadi yenkantolo ethintana nolwazi nemithombo yosizo yezomthetho.

Isiphetho

Nakuba umbuso ngamunye unemithetho yawo siqu, uhlelo lwesimiso lungaguquguquki futhi luklanyelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isigaba ngasinye silungile. Ukuqonda isigaba ngasinye kukusiza ukuba wenze izinqumo ongazi lutho, ukuthi ufaka icala, uvikela elinye, noma uzama nje ukuqonda ukuthi isimiso sisebenza kanjani.

Indlela engcono kakhulu iwukuzifundisa kusengaphambili, ukuqoqa izincwadi zakho, ukuhlangabezana nazo zonke izikhawu ezimisiwe, futhi ufune isiqondiso sochwepheshe lapho izigxobo ziphakeme. Izinkantolo zikahulumeni ziyizinhlangano ezimatasa ezisingatha izigidi zamacala unyaka ngamunye, futhi ukwazi indlela yokusebenzisa lesimiso kukunika inzuzo enenjongo. Ngokulungiselela nokuqonda okulungile, ungahamba ngenqubo engokomthetho ngokuqiniseka okukhulu nangokucacile.