Indima yababusi nabaphathi-mameya isekelwe ekubuseni kwaseMelika, kodwa igunya labo elilinganiselwe livame ukungaqondwa. Laba baqondisi ababili abaphethe emazingeni ahlukene kahulumeni, ngamunye esebenzisa amandla ahlukene aklanywe ngemithetho engokomthetho, amasiko angokomlando, kanye namaqiniso ezombangazwe. Ukuqonda onegunya elikhulu kudinga ukuhlola izinga lombuso wabo, imingcele yomthetho-sisekelo nemithetho elinganiselwe emandla abo, futhi amandla asebenzayo ezwe nakwezomphakathi. Lesihloko sinikeza ukuqhathaniswa okunegunya kwe-gernarlator, i-gardacy ne-meyaracy, ngokugxila ezisekelwenisweni ezingokomthetho, emandleni, emagunyeni esimiso esiphuthumayo, nokusebenza kwezimiso eziphuthuma. Ngenjongo, abafundi bayoba nokuqonda kahle lapho umbusi ebusa kakhulu nalapho igunya le-meya libusa, futhi kungavamile ukuphendula.

Ukuchaza Indima

Ngaphambi kokuqhathanisa amagunya, kubalulekile ukuchaza lokho okuhilelekile ehhovisi ngalinye. Abaphathi bayizikhulu eziphakeme kakhulu zezifundazwe zabo, kuyilapho amameya esebenza njengezikhulu eziyinhloko zikamasipala. Umthombo wegunya lawo ngokuyisisekelo uyahluka: ababusi bathola amandla emithethweni kahulumeni nasemithethweni kahulumeni, kanti imeya ithola amandla kumthetho-mthetho-mthetho kamasipala nakumthetho kahulumeni wokuhamba.

Indima Yohulumeni

Abaholi bakhethwa ukuba bahole igatsha eliphethe likahulumeni wezwe. Imibuso yabo mikhulu futhi ihlanganisa kokubili igunya elingokomthetho lomthetho-sisekelo nethonya elivamile lezombangazwe. Imibuso engokoqobo ye-gabernary ihlanganisa:

  • [ Ukulawula imithetho yezwe[ — Abaphathi bengamele zonke izinhlangano zikahulumeni futhi baqinisekisa ukuvumelana nezimiso ezidluliswa yisishaya-mthetho sombuso.
  • uhlela uhlelo lwezwe [ — Bahlongoza uhlelo lwemali lwaminyaka yonke, baphatha izindleko zezigidi eziningi ze-dilor, futhi babe nohlu lwe-will transfet vento mandla ezifunda eziningi.
  • Izikhulu zikahulumeni ezimisayo — Abaphathi bagcwalisa izikhundla zekhabethe, izinhlangano eziphethe, futhi ngezinye izikhathi bamisa abahluleli, bangaphansi kokuqinisekiswa kwemithetho.
  • Ukwenza umthetho [ — ababusi abaningi bangadlulisa izikweletu ngemithetho yomthetho; abaningi futhi banohlu lohlu lwe-veto olubavumela ukuba benqabe izinto ezithile ezisetshenziswayo.
  • Ukuhlela iziqephu ezikhethekile[ — Abalawuli bangamisa isishaya-mthetho ukuze baxazulule izindaba eziphuthumayo njengezinkinga zemali noma izimo eziphuthumayo.
  • Imisho ehlanganisayo futhi inikeza izintethelelo — Ezizweni eziningi, umbusi unegunya eliphelele lokwenqabela ubugebengu obusebuhlalweni.
  • Ukuyala umbuso wezwe ugada — Abalawuli bangabaholi-inhloko ye-National Guard kazwelonke, ngaphandle uma bebuswa umongameli.
  • Ukukhipha iziyalo zezikhulu [ — Abalawuli bangaqondisa izinhlangano zikahulumeni ukuba zenze izenzo ezithile, ngokuvamile ezisetshenziswa lapho kuphuthuma.

Ngokwe[QULT:0] uMbusi wesizwe Association, izifundazwe ezingaphezu kuka-40 zinesibonelo esiqinile lapho umphathi ephethe amandla abalulekile okuhlela nokumisa. Nokho, kukhona umehluko: ezinye zilinganisela amandla kambusi, amandla, noma igunya ngokuhlola njengokugunyazwa kwemithetho noma izikhomishane ezizimele.

Indima Yezinyosi

Ama - mays ayizinhloko zohulumeni bakamasipala, kodwa amandla awo angempela ancike kakhulu ohlotsheni lukahulumeni wedolobha. Kukhona izifebe ezimbili eziyinhloko:

  • Isimiso semeya yedolobha — umphathi-meya unegunya eliphethe njengesikhulu esifana nombusi: ukubusa phezu kwezinqumo zomkhandlu wedolobha, ukulawula iminyango yedolobha, ukumisa nokususa amakhanda eminyango, nekhono lokuveza indlela yokuhlela imali yedolobha. Lesimiso sivame kakhulu emadolobheni amakhulu njenge New York, Chicago, neSan Francisco.
  • [[FLT: 0] Isimiso se-Weak sameya — umphathi-meya uthanda ukuphatha noma ukwabelana igunya nomphathi wedolobha noma umkhandlu wedolobha onamandla. Kulesi sibonelo, umphathi wedolobha angaqondisa imihlangano yomkhandlu, amele idolobha emisebenzini engokomthetho, futhi abe nemibuso elinganiselwe. Amadolobha amancane namadolobhana amaningi asebenzisa lesibonelo.
  • Isimiso sobumantshi-kamamarke — kulendlela yesithathu, evame ukusetshenziswa emadolobheni aphakathi, umkhandlu okhethiwe umisa umphathi wedolobha onolwazi osebenza njengesikhulu esikhulu. Imeya iyilungu lomkhandlu elisebenza njengomphathi wesihlalo nomholi wesimiso kodwa elingenagunya lokuphatha.

Imithwalo yemfanelo evamile yemeya ezimisweni zihlanganisa:

  • Ukubona iminyango yasemadolobheni enjengamaphoyisa, umlilo, indle namapaki
  • Umkhandlu wedolobha wadlula imithetho yedolobha
  • Ukuphatha imali yedolobha nokubeka intela yendawo (lapho kuvunyelwa khona umthetho kahulumeni)
  • Ukumelela leli dolobha embusweni nakuhulumeni
  • Ukuthuthukisa ukuthuthuka kwezomnotho nokuhlela amadolobha
  • Ukusabela ezimweni eziphuthumayo zendawo njengezinhlekelele ezingokwemvelo noma izinkinga zempilo yomphakathi

I- iphawula ukuthi indima yemeya iye yavela ngokuphawulekayo emashumini ambalwa eminyaka adlule, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinkulu zedolobha, lapho imeya ivame ukuhola khona izifundazwe ngenxa yobukhulu nokubaluleka kwezomnotho kwamadolobha ayo.

Amandla Okuqhathanisa

Lapho uhlola ukuthi ubani onegunya elithé xaxa, impendulo ixhomeke ekutheni umbusi uphethe izigidi zabantu namakhilomitha - skwele ayizinkulungwane; igunya lomphathi - dolobha lincane kakhulu ngokwezwe kodwa ngokuvamile liqondeke ngokuqondile ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Ngezansi kuqhathaniswa okuhlelwe ngendlela ehlukile.

Igunya Eliningi

Abalawuli banegunya kuwo wonke umbuso, ovame ukuba mkhulu kakhulu kunanoma iliphi idolobha. Ngokwesibonelo, uMbusi waseCalifornia wengamela inani labantu abayizigidi ezingu-3, kuyilapho uMmeli weLos Angeles ehola idolobha eliyizigidi ezingu-3,8.Igunya lezwe lonke elikhulu ngokuphindwe kayishumi emphakathini. Ngisho nasezizweni ezinedolobha elilodwa elikhulu, njengeNew York, igunya lombusi linwebeka kulo lonke izwe, kuhlanganise nezindawo zasemaphandleni nezindawo ezidinga okungahluka.

Ngokuphambene, omeya banegunya elilinganiselwe emingceleni yendawo kamasipala wabo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abanakuphoqa izinqubo emadolobheni angomakhelwane noma ezindaweni ezingekho ezihlangene. Umthetho kahulumeni uvame ukunqanda ikhono labo lokuphakamisa izintela, ukulawula amabhizinisi, noma ukudlulisela imithetho ephikisana nemithetho kahulumeni. Isimiso [Dilton’s [[FLT:] sisebenza ezifundeni eziningi: ama-masternetic ayizidalwa zikahulumeni futhi asebenzise lawomandla anikezwa ngokusemthethweni kuphela. Kumthetho ommbalwa olandela umthetho wezwe] [[FLT]], amadolobha anawo ozimele, kodwa ngisho nesifundazwe sihlala sikhona.

  • umbuso weGovernor: umbuso wonke, kuhlanganise nawo wonke amabala, amadolobha, kanye nezindawo ezingahlanganisiwe.
  • umbuso we-Mayor: Kuphakathi kwemingcele yedolobha; ukubekwa kwesihlengo negunya lesifunda kweminye imisebenzi.

Amandla Ezinto Ezingalawuleki

Abalawuli balawula indlela yokuhlela imali kahulumeni efinyelela emakhulwini ezigidi zamaRandi. Bangahlongoza izimali, i-fonometer transmet transport, nenzuzo yethonya ngenkambiso yentela (ngokuvunyelwa kwemithetho). Ohulumeni futhi bayakwazi ukuxhasa izinhlelo zezwe ezilungiselelwe i-Medicaid, ezokuthutha, nemfundo.

Ama-may baphatha izimali ezincane, kodwa imali echithwayo isalingana nezigidigidi emadolobheni amakhulu. Igunya leMayoral fiscal livame ukucindezelwa imingcele yentela ebekwe uhulumeni, izikweleti, izikweleti, nezimfuneko ezilinganiselwe eziqinile. Ezimisweni zemeya eziqinile, umphathi wedolobha uhlela izimali zedolobha futhi unegunya lokuhlela inombolo ye-oceal project, kodwa umkhandlu wedolobha kumelwe uvumele uhlelo lokusebenzisa imali. Ezimisweni zemeya ezibuthakathaka, umkhandlu-kamelo noma ikomiti yemali elawula izinqumo zemali ziqine kakhulu.

Lapho umnotho uwohloka, imeya ivame ukubhekana nezithiyo ezinkulu ngenxa yokuthi amadolobha awakwazi ukunyathelisa imali futhi athembele kakhulu ezintelani zempahla nezintela zokuthengisa, ezingase ziphazamiseke.

Amandla Aphuthumayo

Enye yezindawo ezibaluleke kakhulu zeziphathimandla ezihlukanisa ababusi nomphathi-maya yizo zokuphatha isimo esiphuthumayo. Ohulumeni banawo womabili angokomthetho nomthetho-sisekelo wokumemezela isimo esiphuthumayo, ukuqoqa i-National Guard, ukumisa imithetho ethile, nokuhlela imithombo yezimali zikahulumeni. Phakathi nobhadane lwe-COVID-19, ababusi bakhipha iziyalo zokuhlala ekhaya, ukubopha izifihla - buso, nokulawula ukukhipha isikhathi sokwenza imibandela yendawo.

Ama - mays angamemezela izimo eziphuthumayo zendawo phakathi kwamadolobha awo, kodwa iziyalezo zawo ziwugunyaza ukudunyiswa. Ngokwesibonelo, umphathi-maya angamisa umthetho wewashi noma wesifihla - buso, kodwa uma umbusi enikeza umthetho omkhulu owenziwe, umthetho kahulumeni uthatha indawo yokuqala. Lesisigaba sabefundisi saba indawo eshayelwayo phakathi no-202021 ezindaweni ezinjengeFlorida nase Texas, lapho ababusi basebenzisa khona iziyalezo zokuvimbela izilinganiso zezikhulu zendawo ezifuna izifihlabuso noma izitofuzo. Izimpi ezinjalo zibonisa ukuthi phakathi nezimo eziphuthuma kakhulu, ababusi banegunya eliphezulu elingokomthetho nesebenzayo.

Ithonya Lezombangazwe Nezinyathelo

Imibuso ehleliwe ilandisa ingxenye nje yale ndaba. Ithonya lezombangazwe − lavela ekunakweni imithombo yezindaba, ukuhola kweqembu, ukwamukelwa umphakathi, kanye nemifelandawonye — kululaza noma kunciphise igunya langempela lesikhulu.

Ithonya Lombusi Ezombangazwe

Abalawuli bavame ukusebenza njengelungu elibonakalayo kakhulu kwezombangazwe ezweni labo, liheha kakhulu imithombo yezindaba. Bahola kaningi amathuluzi abo eqembu lombuso, bavumela abameleli bamahhovisi endawo, futhi bathonye izigijimi zezombangazwe. Ababusi abaningi baqhubekela phambili ukuyobalekela eSigeqeni sase-U.S. noma kumongameli, bebanika iqophelo lesizwe. Ikhono labo lokushaya umthetho futhi babiza izikhawu ezikhethekile zibanika amandla phezu kwezikhulu zikahulumeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ababusi bangasebenzisa isikhulu sezikhulu zempi ukuze bacindezele umphakathi ezindabeni ezinkulu.

Usosayensi wezombangazwe uTad Kousser uye waphawula ukuthi amandla esimiso sombuso awami ndawonye: ayancipha futhi ageleze ngokusekelwe ekukhiweni okuhlukanisayo kwendlu yomthetho kanye nokuthandwa umbusi. Umbusi onezilinganiso eziphakeme zokugunyazwa kanye nomphathi wesimiso somthetho ohlangene angafeza izinguquko ezinkulu zesimiso; umbusi obhekene nesishaya - mthetho esihlukene kumelwe athembele kakhulu eziqondisweni zezikhulu nasekusebenziseni imali.

Ithonya Lezombangazwe Labahlaseli

Abasekeli bamadolobha amakhulu nabo banethonya elikhulu kwezombangazwe, ikakhulukazi lapho bemelela izikhungo zezomnotho nezempucuko. Umphathi wedolobha elikhulu njengeLos Angeles, iChicago, noma iHouston ngokuvamile uthola ukunakekela kwesizwe, futhi imeya iyonke inxusa uhulumeni kahulumeni ngezinhlangano ezinjengeNhlangano yamaMaya. AmaMaya angakha futhi izinxulumani ezinamandla zendawo nabaholi bezebhizinisi, izinhlangano zomphakathi, nezinyunyana zezisebenzi.

Nokho, ithonya lemeya livame ukucindezelwa kakhulu kunombusi ngenxa yokuthi amadolobha angenakho ukubusa komthetho-mthetho wezifunda. Ikhono lomphathi-dolobha lokuguqula imibuso lingalinganiselwa ukubekwa kwezikhulu zikahulumeni, izikhulu zesifundazwe, nezifunda ezikhethekile (njengezifunda zesikole noma iziphathimandla zezokuthutha). Ngokwesibonelo, umphathi wedolobha angase afune ukuguqula umnyango wamaphoyisa wendawo kodwa angabe engakwazi ukulawula ngokuqondile uma lesosikhundla simiswe yikhomisha.

Ukubambisana Nokuxabana

Ubuhlobo phakathi kombusi nomphathi-dolobha bungavela ngokuziqhayisa noma ngokukhipha isijeziso, kuye ngokuhlela, ubuhlobo bomuntu siqu, kanye nezindaba ezihilelekile. Ukubambisana okuphumelelayo kungaveza izinzuzo ezinjengokutshala imali ehlangene ekuthuthweni, ekuthuthukiseni kwezomnotho kwezifunda, nokusabela kwenhlekelele.

Ziningi izibonelo: Ngo-2021, uMbusi weTexas uGreg Abbott wasayina umthetho ovimbela ukuvala isifihla - buso ezikoleni zomphakathi, owenqabela iziyalezo zezikhulu zemeya namabhodi ezikole emadolobheni anjenge Dallas ne-Austin. Ngokufanayo, uMbusi weGeorgia u-Brian Kemp washela e-Atlanta Mayor Keisha Lance Lance Bottotts phakathi nobhaxandiswayo wedolobha. Phakathi nomkhosi wezinhlekelele zemvelo njengemiphepho, ababusi nomphathi-meyampulane abahlangene ngokwezikhundla zesifundazwe, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi imeyameya ikhala leyo ngokwezimali esasazwa ngokungafanele.

Ukuxhumana okunjalo kugcizelela ukuthi nakuba amameya enegunya elibalulekile elingokwendawo, ababusi banezwi lokugcina lapho umthetho kahulumeni uphikisana nemithetho yendawo. Lobubuhlobo bezikhulu buyisici samabomu sombuso waseMelika, onikeza ubukhosi ezindaweni ezithile futhi uthuma amagunya athile kumasipala.

Ukuhlola Icala Nezibonelo

Ukuze wenze ukuqhathanisa kube ngokoqobo, cabangela izibonelo ezilandelayo zezwe eziqokomisa amandla anamandla phakathi kwababusi nomphathi - dolobha.

UMbusi woMbuso waseNew York uphikisana noMayor

INew York City iyidolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke e-United States, futhi umphathi - dolobha wayo udume kakhulu esimisweni esiqinile sikameya. Nokho, uMbusi wezwe laseNew York uphethe igunya elikhulu ezimisweni zikahulumeni ezithinta idolobha ngokuqondile. Ngokwesibonelo, umbusi ulawula i-Metropolitan Transportiauthority Authority, elawula iziteshi zedolobha, kuyilapho umphathi wedolobha eqondisa i-NYPD nezikole (ngomthetho wokulawula isifunda se-meyamayalraljaral okumelwe izwe liphinde livusene ngezikhathi ezithile). Phakathi nobhadaba elinamandla i-CHOMERD , umbusi u-Andrentimorry weze aphethe iziqondiso zamakhaya asebe nabanamabhizinisi ngokuvamile ezilawulwa noma amaMay Bill de Blass. Ngemuva kokuba u-Ericlerceary esabard, izimpikiswano ezifana nemithetho yezwe elinamandla.

Izimiso Zomaya Ababuthakathaka: Isibonelo Sokuphatha Idolobha

Akuwona wonke amameya aphethe amandla okuphatha. Emadolobheni amaningi asemaphakathi nasemadolobheni amancane, ngokuyinhloko amameya alingana nomkhandlu wedolobha, engenagunya lokulawula. Ngokwesibonelo, eSan Jose, eCalifornia, umphathi-meya ukhethwa kakhulu futhi unezisebenzi ne-veto, kodwa umkhandlu wedolobha umisa umphathi wedolobha osebenza usuku nosuku. Isimiso sedolobha silinganiselwe ekubekeni isimiso esiza kuqala futhi uqondise emihlanganweni yemikhandlu. Qhathanisa lokhu noMbusi waseCalifornia, olawula izimali, umisa izinkulungwane zezikhulu, futhi umyale iHighway Patrol ne-National Guard. Kumisebenzi enjalo ebuthakathaka, izimiso zamandla e-grubiator zilinganiselwe kakhulu.

Amandla Aphuthumayo Phakathi Nezikhathi Zokuphazamiseka

Isifo se-COVOVAD-19 sabonisa ukuphakama okukhulu kwe-gubernar lapho kuphuthuma. Ohulumeni basezifundazweni ezinjenge-Ohio, iNew York, neMichigan bakhipha iziyalezo zezikhulu ezivimbela amabhizinisi, izifihla - buso, nemihlangano elinganiselwe. Ngokuvamile basula imiyalelo yendawo eqinile. Amakheni afana neLos Angeles neSan Francisco abonisa ukuthi ekuqaleni akhipha imithetho eqinile, kodwa abangedluli neze lokho umbuso ovunyelwe, futhi ababusi abaningi bahlulele imingcele yendawo. Ngokwesibonelo, uMbusi wase-Arizona Ducey wavala izikhulu zedolobha ukuba zisebenzise izikhundla. Le nkinga yabonisa ukuthi nakuba imeyameyameya ingenza umsebenzi ngokushesha ezindabeni zendawo, amandla omthetho nempahla yombusi wezwe nempahla kukhulu kakhulu phakathi nesilinganiso sesimo esikhulu.

Isisekelo Esingokomthetho Nesomthetho - sisekelo

Ukuliqonda ngokujulile igunya lokuqhathanisa kudinga ukuhlola indlela ihhovisi ngalinye elenziwe ngayo ngokomthetho.

Imithetho - sisekelo KaHulumeni Namandla Okubusa

Wonke umthetho-mthetho umisa isikhundla sikambusi futhi ubala imibuso ethile. Nakuba imithetho-sisekelo ihlukahluka, eminingi inikeza umbusi ophethe phezu kwesimiso sombuso, amandla okulawula umthetho, umsebenzi wokwengamela ukukhishwa kwemithetho, negunya lokulawula amabutho kahulumeni. Imithetho-mthetho eminingi yezwe ihlanganisa futhi amalungiselelo okuhlelwa kwengxenye yento, iziyalezo zesikhulu, nokulandelana. Amanye amazwe, njengoTexas noMassachusetts, alinganisela ngamabomu amandla kambusi ngokunika ezinye izikhulu ezikhethiwe (njengombusi omkhulu wesifundazwe noma ummeli) igunya elizimele.

I- Ikhomu yoMagunya eZwe ikhipha ukuqhathaniswa okuningiliziwe kwamandla ezwe aphethe, ebonisa ukwehlukahluka okukhulu emandleni okumisa, ukulawula uhlelo lwemali, nobude besikhathi. I-United States enesibonelo esiqinile sikambusi (umz., New York, California, Illinois) inikeza ukumiswa kwegunya eligcwele, kuyilapho labo abanesibonelo esibuthakathaka sikambusi (umz., Texas, South Carolina) bekhipha amandla esikhulu esiphethe phezu kwezikhulu eziningi ezikhethwe ngokuzimele.

Ama - Chartater Kahulumeni Nama - Mayoral Amandla

Amandla eMayoral achazwa ngomthetho-mthetho wedolobha, onikezwa isishaya-mthetho sezwe noma owemukelwa ngezimiso zasekhaya zomthetho-mthetho. Amadolobha asemakhaya (njengaseDenver, Seattle, neBoston) anenkululeko ephawulekayo yokuhlela uhulumeni wawo, kodwa ngisho nalamadolobha awanakwephula umthetho kahulumeni. Ezizweni ezinjengeColorado noma iMinnesota, umthetho wasekhaya uvumela amadolobha ukuba amukele noma isiphi isimo sohulumeni akhetha sobumeyameya, noma umphathi wedolobha obuthakathaka, noma umkhandlu wezenkampane. Nokho, ukulahlwa kwemithetho yendawo kuhlala kuseyindaba enamandla, ikakhulukazi ezindabeni ezinjengokulawulwa kwezibhamu, imiholo elinganiselwe, nezimiso zendawo.

Isazi esingokomthetho uRichard Briffault sigcizelele ukuthi omasipala “basunguli bezwe” nokuthi amandla ombuso kahulumeni ngokwemvelo anamandla amancane kunamandla e-gubernar ngoba ababusi babusa. Izinqumo zeNkantolo ePhakeme yase-U. zilandela amacala anjenge Hunser v. City of Pittsburgh [1907] iqinisekisa ukuthi amazwe anegunya eliqinile phezu komasipala, kuhlanganise namandla okuwaqeda noma ukuguqula amandla awo.

Isiphetho

Indaba yokuthi ababusi noma amameya banegunya elingcono ayinakuphendulwa ngoyebo noma cha. Ephephani, ababusi banegunya elikhulu, ukulawulwa okukhulu kwemithetho yesimo esiphuthumayo, umbuso ophakeme, nombuso womthetho-sisekelo ezifundazweni zabo. Ama-maya, nakuba enethonya eliqondile ekuphileni kwezakhamuzi zosuku lonke, asebenza ngaphansi kwesambulela sombuso esingokomthetho nesingokombangazwe. Imeya enamandla kakhulu ezweni ayinakudlula uhlelo lwesikhulu sikambusi, futhi izimali zikamasipala zincishwa kancane ngezimali zikahulumeni.

Nokho, ithonya negunya akuzona izikhulu kuphela. Ezindaweni ezinkulu, amameya angayala ukunakwa okuphawulekayo kwezezindaba, ukwenza imifelandawonye enamandla, futhi abe yizikhundla zesizwe. Inhloko - dolobha yezombangazwe yemeya yesikhulu esinamandla ingabekela inselele inqubo kambusi. Kodwa, lapho injoloba engokomthetho ihlangana nomgwaqo (‘ukubhekana nesimo esiphuthumayo, ukukhishwa kwezwe, noma ezindabeni zegunya lomthetho wezwe njalo.)

Kuzakhamuzi nabenzi bezimiso, ukuqonda lemisebenzi enzima kubaluleke kakhulu. Kuchaza ukuthi kungani izinhlanga zesigaba sesishiyagalolunye zivame ukudonsa ukunakekela nokusekela imali, nokuthi kungani abameleli bendawo bephendukela njalo kuhulumeni ukuze bafinyelele ushintsho lwesimiso. Ukulinganisela kwamandla phakathi kwababusi nomphathi-maya akumi ndawonye; kushintshana ngemithetho yenkantolo, imithetho emisha, nokushintshashintsha kwezombangazwe. Kodwa izinsalela eziyinhloko: ababusi babaphathi abakhulu bemibuso ebusayo, kuyilapho amameya eholwa phakathi kwaleyo bukhosi.