Ubuhle Bemithombo Yezindaba Yanamuhla

Nsuku zonke, abantu bahlangana nenqwaba yezihloko zezindaba, iziteshi zezezindaba, amavidiyo, kanye nezinkulumo. Ukwaziswa okuningi kwenza kube nzima ukuhlukanisa ukubika okuyiqiniso nombono, ukuqapha, noma ukuqamba amanga okuqondile. Abafundi nothisha, bathuthukisa ikhono lokuhlola ngokuhluzekile ukusakazwa kwezindaba akuyona nje inqubo yemfundo yemfundo, ikhono eliyisisekelo lokuba isakhamuzi esinemisebenzi. Uma abantu beqonda ukuthi ubandlululo lusebenza kanjani, bangahamba ngaphandle kokuthatha izimpawu eziqondile futhi bangene ezindabeni ngendlela enengqondo, enengqondo. Lesiqondiso esibanzi sihlola imvelo yokucwasana, kungani kudinga, ukuthi kubaluleke kanjani ukukubona, futhi kuyindlela ewusizo yokufundisa lamakhono emfundo.

Iyini Imithombo Yezindaba?

Ubandlululo lwezindaba lubhekisela ekukhetheni okungokoqobo noma okucatshangelwayo kwezintatheli, abahleli, nezinhlangano zezindaba ekukhetheni nasekudluliseleni izindaba. Akukho mithombo yezindaba engabika zonke izenzakalo emhlabeni, futhi zonke izinqumo zomhleli zihlanganisa izinga elithile lokwahlulela. Umbiko uba yinkinga lapho uhlanekezela ulwazi, ucindezela imibono ehlobene, noma udukisa izilaleli. Ukuqonda ubandlululo oluqondile kuyinyathelo lokuqala ekuhloleni izindaba ngokugxeka.

Ukhetho

Ubandlululo lwenzeka lapho icebo lokukhipha ucingo likhetha ukufihla izindaba ezithile kuyilapho linganaki ezinye. Ngokwesibonelo, elinye iqoqo lezindaba lingase liholele ngehlazo lezombangazwe, kuyilapho elinye liholela enhloniphweni yezentengiselwano yezomnotho. Akukho ukukhetha okungalungile ngokwemvelo, kodwa indlela yokuhlanganisa izihloko ithonya lokho izilaleli ezikubheka njengokubalulekile. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukushiyeka okuphindaphindiwe kwezihloko ezithile kungadala umfanekiso ocwebileyo weqiniso. ubandlululo luthonya uhlelo lomphakathi[[ ngokunquma ukuthi yiziphi izindaba ezikhona ezibhekwa njengezingabalulekile futhi zihlala zisethunzini.

I - bias Ephothayo

Ukuveza ubandlululo kwenzeka lapho amaqiniso afanayo enikezwa ngendlela ekhuthaza ukuchazwa okuthile. Ukukhetha amagama, izithombe, kanye nomongo kungaqondisa izilaleli ekuphenduleni okungokomzwelo noma esiphethweni. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuchaza ukubhikisha ngokuthi "ukucasha" kanye "umlimo" kuhlanganisa isenzakalo ngendlela ehlukile kakhulu. Ukuhlela izindaba ngoba kulawula indlela izilaleli eziqonda ngayo ukusabela nomthwalo [[ wezezezenzakalo. Iziphakamiso ezimbili ezibika ukwaziswa okufanayo zingadlulisela imibono ehlukeneyo ngolimi ezilukhethayo.

Ukuqinisekisa I - Bias

Ukuqinisekisa ukucwasa kuwukukhetha ingqondo, hhayi ukugxeka, kodwa kuhambisana kakhulu nokusetshenziswa kwemithombo yezindaba. Abantu ngokwemvelo bakhetha ukwaziswa okuvumelana nezinkolelo zabo ezikhona. Amaza ezindaba angasebenzisa lokhu kuthambekela ngokuveza okuqinisa iso lezilaleli zabo. Uma izibukeli zisebenzisa izindaba ezivela emithonjeni eqinisekisa imibono yazo kuphela, ziba nokungavumelani kakhulu neminye imibono. Ukwamukela ukuqinisekiswa komuntu ngokwakhe kobandlululo kudingekile ekusebenziseni imithombo yezindaba elinganiselayo .

I - partisan Bias

Ubandlululo lubhekisela ekuthambekeleni kokukhipha imibiko eqondene neqembu elithile lezombangazwe, imibono, noma uhlelo lwesimiso. Lokhu kungaba okucacile, njengasezinhlwini zombono, noma okucashile, njengasezihlokweni eziphambili zezindaba. Ubandlululo lungaholela ekubikeni ngokukhethayo, lapho amaqiniso amahle eqokonyiswa khona namaphuzu angemahle enziwa anganakwa. [FLT: 0] Abacuphi kufanele baqaphele ukuthambekela kwezombangazwe kwemithombo yabo eyinhloko yezindaba [ futhi bafune imibono ehlukene ukuze bakhokhe.

Ukuzwana

I-salvary iwuhlobo lobandlululo olubeka phambili idrama, izingxabano, noma ithonya elingokomzwelo ezintweni ezisemqoka. Izindaba ngobugebengu, amahlazo, noma izinhlekelele zemvelo zivame ukunakwa kakhulu ngenxa yokuveza izinkinobho nezinombolo. Nakuba lezizindaba zingamanga ngempela, ukushiseka kwazo kungaphazamisa ezindabeni ezilandelayo ezinjengempikiswano yezesayensi, ukucwaninga, noma izindaba zomphakathi. I-SANSTAL] ikhubaza ikhono lomphakathi lokuhlela izinto ngeqiniso.

Okwenza Ukuqonda Ububi Kubaluleke

Ukuthuthukisa ikhono lokubona nokuhlaziya ubandlululo ekusakazweni kwemithombo yezindaba kunezinzuzo ezifinyelela kude kubantu ngabanye nasemphakathini. Amakhono ahilelekile awagcini nje ekutholeni ikilasi lobuthakathi; asebenza ezimisweni nasekuphileni kwansuku zonke.

Ukuba Izakhamuzi Ezinolwazi

Izakhamuzi zixhomeke kukhetho olunolwazi. Uma izakhamuzi zingaluqaphela ubandlululo, zihlonyiselwe kangcono ukuhlaziya izimpikiswano ezincintisanayo, ukuqonda ukuthengwa kwezimiso, futhi zigcine abaholi belandisa. Izakhamuzi ezihamba phambili ze-Media azithambekele kakhulu ekufakeni inkulumo ekhohlisayo nasekuxhaphazeni [. Zingahlanganyela enkulumweni yomphakathi ngokuqiniseka, zazi ukuthi imibono yazo isekelwe esisekelweni sokuhlola okugxekayo kunokuba zifake izikhalo ezingokomzwelo noma ezingxoxweni ezihlukene.

Amakhono Okucabanga Abucayi

Ukuhlola imithombo yezindaba kudinga amakhono okuhlola adlulela ekucwaningeni ngemfundo, emsebenzini wezobuchwepheshe, nasekwenzeni izinqumo zomuntu siqu. Ukukhipha ubufakazi, ukuhlukanisa, nokucabangela ezinye izincazelo kuyizici eziyinhloko eziphikisanayo zokucabanga okugxekayo. Izinga lokuhlola okucubungulayo kuba izihlakaniphi ezinamandla kakhulu [, okungcono ukuqaphela amaphutha anengqondo, igunya, ukungabaza, futhi kwakha izimpikiswano ezinengqondo.

Ulwazi lwemidiya

Ukufunda imithombo yezindaba kuyikhono lokuthola, ukuhlaziya, ukuhlola, nokwakha imithombo yezindaba ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Ukuqonda ubandlululo kuyisici esiyinhloko semfundo yokufunda engokwami imithombo yezindaba. Njengoba amapulatifomu efihlwa imigqa phakathi kobudinali, ukukhangisa, nokufakwa komsebenzisi, ukufunda nokubhala okusemithonjeni yezindaba kuba okubaluleke kakhulu. ukufunda abafundi ngamakhono okufunda imithombo yezindaba kubalungiselela ukuba basebenzise ulwazi oluyinkimbinkimbi olusemzingeni eliphezulu [[ lapho noma ubani angasakaza khona noma yini, futhi kumelwe athole ukwethenjwa kunokuba athathwe.

Ukumelana Nokungaqondi

Ama-distinformation kanye nokungavumelani nemininingwane esakazwa ngokushesha kuwezokuxhumana, ngokuvamile okunemiphumela engathi sína yezwe. Abantu abaqonda ubandlululo bathambekele kakhulu ekungabazeni izinkulumo ezisolayo, ekuqinisekiseni imithombo, futhi bagweme ukuhlanganyela okungaqiniseki. ukuhlolwa okungaqondakali kwezindaba kusebenza njengomjovo wokulwa kwamanga [[, okwenza abantu nemiphakathi bazimisele kakhulu ukuhlanganisa imikhankaso.

I-Empathy kanye nombono

Ukuhlanganyela nemithombo yezindaba ehlukahlukene kukhuthaza uzwela ngokuveza izilaleli kokuhlangenwe nakho nemibono ehlukile kweyabo. Uma abafundi beqhathanisa indlela ukuveza izenzakalo zezombangazwe ezihlanganisa ngayo isenzakalo esifanayo, baqala ukubona ukuthi iqiniso elifanayo lingachazwa kanjani ngezindlela eziningi. Lomkhuba ukhuthaza ukuthobeka kokuhlakanipha nenhlonipho ngemibono ehlukene [, izimfanelo ezidingekayo engxoxweni esebenzayo emphakathini onezici eziningi.

Indlela Yokubona I - bias Ezincwadini Zezindaba

Ukuqaphela ubandlululo kuyikhono elithuthukisa ukulisebenzisa, futhi la masu alandelayo anikeza indlela ehlelekile yokuhlaziya izindaba.

Hlola Umthombo Walokho Okushiwo Yikho

Ngaphambi kokuba ungene entweni ephumayo, zinike isikhathi sokuqonda indlela yokukhipha iposi eyayenza. Hlola indlela yokuphatha impahla, imoduli, kanye nomsebenzi wokuhlela wezezimali. Inhlangano yezindaba yenhlangano enkulu ingaba nezingxabano zesithakazelo ezishukumisa ithonya. Iziphakamiso ezixhaswe umphakathi zingase zisebenze ngaphansi kwemingcele ehlukene kunezentengiselwano. AmaWebsite anjenga [] iMedias /ct Seck ne Allides [[FLT:]] inikeza izilinganiso nezingatho zolwazi eziyizinkulungwane zemithombo yezindaba [FLT:], isiza izibukeli lapho iqonde khona iqoqo lezombangazwe.[FLT]

Hlaziya Ulimi

Naka kakhulu ukukhetha amagama, iphimbo, kanye nokuwabeka. Ulimi olulayishiwe lungadlulisela ukuvunyelwa noma ukungavunyelwa ngaphandle kokwenza impikiswano ecacile. Amagama afana "claimeding," "elungisiwe,"" "ecacisiweyo" noma "eyenziwa" anencazelo engaguqula ukuqonda komfundi. Ngokufanayo, ukubiza umuntu ngokuthi "uchwepheshe" kanye "umsizi" no" "msizi" uhlanganisa ukwethemba kwabo. [ Izihloko eziphambili ngaphesheya kwezindawo ukubona indlela amagama ahlukile ashintsha ngayo umyalezo oshiwoyo[. Ulimi olungenazimpawu kufanele luve ulwazi ngaphandle kophawu lombono wentatheli.

Qaphela ukulinganisela

Qaphela ukuthi ukuhlanganisa kuhlanganisa imibono eminingi kulendaba ekhona. Indaba elinganiselayo ayinikezi isilinganiso esilinganayo kuyo yonke imibono, kodwa kufanele ivume ukuma okuhlobene futhi inikeze umongo wesizathu sokuba amaqembu ahlukene angavumelani. Qaphela izindaba eziveza uhlangothi olulodwa kuphela njengezisebenzayo uma uthalalisa noma ungabunaki ubufakazi obuphikisayo. [[FLT: 0] futhi isho ukunikeza imithombo yethuba lokuphendula ekugxekeni [[ kunokuba ucaphuce kuphela labo abasekela ukuphikisa komcosheli wezindaba abasho i-asis.

Amaqiniso

Ukuqinisekisa kuwumsuka wesadaye esiphambili. Abafundi kufanele bahlakulele umkhuba wokuhlola amaqiniso ngokumelene nemithombo ezimele. Izinhlangano eziqashelwayo ezihlola iqiniso njenge Snopeps, Platviact[ PlatF] Platct [, futhi [[FLT:] i-FLT] ilandela ngokunemba okunemba okushiwo yizibalo nayimithombo eminingi. Uma indaba yenza ubufakazi obumangazayo obunganikezi ubufakazi obuqinisekileyo, isingatha ngokungaqiniseki [FLT]] [fLT]

Okubukekayo Okucacile Nezinhlangothi Eziyinhloko

Izithombe, amashadi, nezinsika zevidiyo zingasetshenziswa noma zikhishwe ngaphandle komongo ukuze kuvele umbono oyiphutha. Isithombe esiphawulekayo singahambisana nendaba engameleli isimo esibanzi. Izihloko ngokuvamile zibhalelwe ukuveza ukucofoza, futhi zingakukhubaza noma zeqisa okuqukethwe yisihloko. njalo zifunda isihloko futhi zibheke imongo egcwele yanoma yisiphi isici esibonakalayo [ ngaphambi kokuba zenze umbono.

Thola Injongo

Cabangela ukuthi kungani indaba ethile yavezwa nokuthi ihloselwe ukuba ibe namuphi umphumela. Ingabe ucezu luhloselwe ukwazisa, ukuthonya, ukuthokozisa, noma ukukhuthaza isenzo? Izihloko zemibono, abahleli, kanye nokuqukethe okuxhaswe kunezindinganiso ezihlukene zokungaqondi kahle kunokubika izindaba eziqondile. Ukuqonda ukuhlelwa kwengxenye yethimba kubeka amathemba afanele [ ngenxa yokwethembeka nokulunga kwayo.

Imisebenzi Ewusizo Kubafundi

Imisebenzi yekilasi ehilela ukuhlaziywa kwemithombo yezindaba ingajulisa ukuqonda kwabafundi ubandlululo ngezindlela ezikhumbulekayo. Izindlela ezilandelayo ziklanyelwe ukuvumelana namazinga ahlukahlukene ontanga nezihloko.

Ukuqhathaniswa kwemithombo yezindaba

Khetha isenzakalo esikhulu bese ucela abafundi ukuba baqhathanise indlela izikhangiso ezintathu ezihlukene ezisibika ngayo. Zinikeze iziphakamiso ezihlanganisa isigaba sezombangazwe, njengemvelaphi yangakwesobunxele, umthombo ophakathi, nomthombo owesokudla. Abafundi kufanele baphawule ukungafani kwezihloko, ukukhetha izindaba, imithombo ecashunwe, kanye nendlela egcwele ngayo i-athonsi. Lokhu kwembula indlela iqiniso elifanayo elingavezwa ngayo ngama - le-lens ahlukene kakhulu futhi kusize abafundi ukuba baqaphele izindlela ezikhethekile ezisetshenziselwa ukuveza indlela yokuqonda.

I - bias Journal

Abafundi bagcine iphepha isonto elilodwa lapho beqopha khona izibonelo zobandlululo abahlangana nazo ekusetshenzisweni kwabo kwemithombo yezindaba yansuku zonke. Ukungena ngakunye kufanele kuhlanganise umthombo, incazelo emfushane yokuqukethwe, nokuhlaziywa kohlobo lobandlululo olukhona. Abafundi futhi bangaphawula ukusabela kwabo siqu okungokomzwelo, ngokuvamile okubonisa ukuba khona kolimi olulayishiwe noma ubandlululo. ukubonakalisa ngokuphandle] kwakha ukuqaphela futhi kuvule inqubo ezenzekelayo ngesikhathi [

Ukulandisa Ngekhanda

Nikeza abafundi ngamaqiniso angathathi hlangothi ngesenzakalo esithile sezindaba futhi ubacele ukuba babhale izihloko zezindaba ezizovela ezikhungweni ezinezimo ezihlukene zezombangazwe. Lokhu kuphoqelela abafundi ukuba bacabange ngendlela yokufaka amachashaza ngezinga eliyisisekelo. Ukuhlukanisa izihloko ezilandelayo zibonisa indlela ukukhetha kwamagama kuphela okungaguqula ngayo incazelo eshiwoyo yendaba, ngisho noma amaqiniso ayisisekelo ekhona ehlala efana.

Umthombo Wengobo yokwehlela

Uma indaba yezindaba icaphuna ukuhlolwa, umbiko, noma ingcaphuno evela kumphathi, icela abafundi ukuba bathole ukwaziswa komthombo wokuqala. Qhathanisa indlela imithombo yezindaba eveza ngayo lowo mthombo ngalokho okushiwo ngempela. lomsebenzi ufundisa abafundi ukuqinisekisa imithombo eyinhloko[ futhi udalula izindaba lapho imithombo yezindaba idlulisa khona noma ihlanekezela ukucwaninga kwasekuqaleni.

Ukulungiselela Impikiswano

Hlela impikiswano yekilasi empikiswano ephikisanayo, kodwa kudingeka abafundi balungiselele izimpikiswano zabo besebenzisa kuphela imithombo yezindaba evela kolunye uhlangothi lwezombangazwe. Ngemva kwenkulumo - mpikiswano, xoxani ukuthi isisekelo esilinganiselwe sathinta kanjani izinga nokuphelela kwempikiswano yabo. Studenting zizibonela mathupha indlela amagumbi okuhlola avimbela ngayo ukuqonda [ nokuthi kungani ukuchayeka emibonweni ehlukahlukene kubalulekile ekucabangeni okugxeka kakhulu.

Ukulinda

Izikhangiso zezombangazwe, kokubili emikhankasweni nasemaqenjini angaphandle, ziyimithombo ecebile yobandlululo nokulawula. Abafundi bahlola izikhangiso zokunemba okuyiqiniso, ukunxenxa okungokomzwelo, nokungaqondi. ukukhangisa okunengqondo kusiza abafundi ukuba babone ngenkulumo - ze [[[FLT: 1] kokubili ngokwezombangazwe nangezentengiselwano.

Imithombo Yemfundo Eqhubekayo

Amathuluzi amaningi nezikhombo zingasekela imfundo eqhubekayo ekufundeni izinto zezindaba nasekuboneni ubandlululo.

Izincwadi

Izincwadi eziningi zinikeza ulwazi oluyisisekelo ngezimiso zokuhlola izihloko, ukucwasana kwemithombo yezindaba, nokucabanga okugxekayo. "Izimo zezibalo zeJournach" nguBill Kovach noTom Rosenstiel bachaza ukuthi iziphi izindaba okufanele zizenzele izakhamuzi nokuthi yiziphi izintatheli okufanele zisekele. "i-Media Elite" ngu-S. Robert Lichter, Stanley Rothman, noLichter S. Lichter bahlola izimo zezombangazwe zabantatheli. "Thembela Me, I-Im Lighte" ngoRyan yembula indlela ukusetshenziswa kwezokuxhumana okusebenza ngayo ngenkathi yobuchwepheshe. [FLT:] Lemibhalo inikeza kokubili izicimboni zezentengo ezisebenzayo kanye nezolwazi ngenxa yokuqonda ukucwaswa kwemizwa kwezindaba.

Ama-website

Amasiteji amaningana kuyi-Intanethi acwaninga futhi alinganise ukucwasana kwemithombo yezindaba. I-Media Bias/Fact Ukuhlola kunikeza izilinganiso eziningi zemithombo yezindaba ezisekelwe ekuthambekeleni kwezombangazwe nasekunembeni okuyiqiniso. Iziteshi ziveza izindaba ezivela kwesobunxele, phakathi, nakuyo kanye nesokudla okulungile, okwenza ukuba ubandlululo lubonakale ngokuqhathanisa okuqondile. I- News Literacy Explaning Project inikeza imithombo yekilasi nentuthuko yobuchwepheshe yabafundisi. [FLT:] [FLT]]

Izifundo

Kuyi-inthanethi yolwazi kunikezwa izifundo ngokukhethekile ezisezifundweni zezokubhala nasekucabangeni okugxekayo. Ikhora inekhonsathi ekhethekile "Imfundo Yezibalo" ehlanganisa ukuhlola imithombo yokwaziswa. EdX inikeza "Ukuqonda Izindaba: Amaphephandaba Izifundo Zokufunda Ngeziqu Zokubhala Ezingamanani" eYunivesithi yaseHong Kong. I- News Literacycy Project's checkology Programme inikeza izifundo ezihambisanayo kubafundi. [[FLT:]] [FLT] [0] Izikole ezincuthenelisayo zinganikeza kokubili abafundi ngabanye nezinhlelo zekilasi.[FLT]

Amathuluzi Okuhlola Ayiqiniso

Amaqiniso ahlolayo anikeza ukuqinisekiswa kwangempela kwezindawo ezishiwo yizibalo zomphakathi nemithombo yezindaba. AmaSnope ebelokhu elahla izinganekwane zasemadolobheni kanye nokungaqondi kusukela ngo-1990. Amazinga okunemba kwezombangazwe ngokusebenzisa iQiniso-O-Meter.ctalChec.org ahlola ukunemba okuyiqiniso kwalokho okushiwo abadlali abakhulu bezombangazwe. abafundi ukuba bathinta lamathuluzi ngaphambi kokuba bahlanganyele noma ikuphi ukusola kwemithombo yezindaba yezenhlalo .

Ukwakha Isiko Lokuzibandakanya Nezimo Ezibucayi

Ukuqonda ubandlululo akusona isifundo sesikhathi esisodwa kodwa kuwumkhuba oqhubekayo. Umgomo awukona ukugxeka yonke imithombo yezindaba, kodwa ukuhlakulela umkhuba wokuthembisana ngokucabangela. Uma abafundi befunda ukubuza ukuthi ubani okhiqize umlayezo, kungani bewenza, nokuthi bawuklama kanjani, baba abadlali abakhuthele emvelweni yezolwazi kunokuhlanganyela kwababekhona ngaphandle kokusebenza. abaqondisi badlala indima ebalulekile ekulingiseni lesisimo esibucayi nasekudaleni indawo lapho imithombo yesikole ikhuthazwa khona. Izikole ezifundisa ukuzwa kwezokuxhumana ezinqamula izincwadi ezilungiselelwe abafundi ezilungiselelweni zezifundo zilungiselela ukuba babhekane nezwe lapho ukwaziswa okugcwele khona ukuthemba futhi kunzima khona.

Isiphetho

Enkathini yokugcwala kolwazi, ikhono lokuhlola ngokunemba ukuhlanganiswa kwemithombo yezindaba ubandlululo lingelinye lamakhono abaluleke kakhulu umfundi angawathuthukisa. Ngokuqonda uhlobo lobandlululo oluthathwayo, ukuqonda ukuthi kungani lubalulekile, ukusebenzisa izindlela zokuhlaziya, nokuhlanganyela emisebenzini esebenzayo, abafundi bangahlola imithombo yezindaba ngokuqiniseka nangokuqonda. Imithombo ekhona yokuqhubeka ukutadisha inala, futhi izinzuzo zokufunda nokubhala idlulela kude kakhulu ngalé kwekilasi. Inhlangano yongqondo egxekayo iyinhlangano ehlonyiswe kangcono ukuxazulula izinkinga, ihlukanise futhi isekele izinhlangano zedemokhrasi . Uhambo oluya ngasemkhankambini wokufunda ukufunda ukufunda nokubhala ulwazi luqala ngombuzo owodwa: ubani engiwutshela lokhu, futhi kungani kufanele ngizithembe?