Table of Contents

Indlu yabameleli ingenye yezinhlangano ezibaluleke kakhulu eMelika ebusa ngentando yeningi, isebenza njengezwi eliqondile labantu kuhulumeni wombuso. Njengegumbi eliphansi le-United States Congress, inendima ebalulekile ekwakheni umthetho wokulungisa, imelela izimemezelo ezihlukene, futhi ilondoloza isimiso sokuhlola nokulinganisela okuchaza ukubusa kweMelika. Izakhamuzi ezifuna ukuqonda ukuthi uhulumeni wazo usebenza kanjani nokuthi zingaba kanjani ngokuphumelelayo enqubweni yentando yeningi, ukuqondwa okubanzi kweNdluko.

Isisekelo Nenjongo Yendlu

Indlu yabameleli iyigumbi leBacameral United States Congress, ekhonza njengendlu ephansi eduze kweSigele sase-U.S. njengendlu engaphezulu, futhi womabili amagumbi anegunya ngaphansi kweSiphakamiso Somthetho-sisekelo Owokuqala wase-U.S. ukuba adlulise noma awise umthetho kahulumeni. OFata Abasunguliwe baklama iNdlu kahulumeni ukuba ibe igatsha likahulumeni eliseduze nabantu, namalungu akhethwe ngokuqondile yizakhamuzi ukuba amelele izithakazelo zabo enqubweni yomthetho kahulumeni.

Ukwakhiwa kwendlu kwamiswa yiSiphakamiso Sokuqala soMthetho-sisekelo we-United States, esabeka isisekelo sendikimba emelelayo eyayizokhula futhi ishintshele esizweni. Abakhi balendlu babecabanga ngenhlangano enamandla eyayizonwetshwa njengoba inani labantu bezwe lalizokwanda, beqinisekisa ukuthi amaMelika ahlale ethola ukumelelwa okufinyelelekayo kuhulumeni wawo. Lombono wabonisa izifiso zentando yeningi isizwe esasisungulwe kuzo, ukuze uhulumeni uthathe amandla awo ngokuvumelana nababuswayo.

Ukwakhiwa Nokuhlelwa Kwendlu

Umzimba wama - 435-Member

Inani labameleli bokuvota eNdlu limiswa umthetho ungekho kuma 435, ngokwesilinganiso limelela inani labantu basezifundazweni ezingu-50. Lelinani liye lahlala likhona kusukela ngo1912, lapho uMthetho Wokuvuna ka-1912 unciphisa inani lamalungu okuvota eNdlu ngo-35. Ngamunye walaba bameleli ukhonza isifunda esithile sesifunda senhlangano esisezweni labo, esebenza njengobuhlobo obuyinhloko phakathi kwezindawo zabo nohulumeni.

Isinqumo sokuvala iNdlu enamalungu angu-455 sinomongo obalulekile ongokomlando. ISishaya-mthetho sivame ukwandisa ubukhulu bendlu ukuze sibangele ukwanda kwenani labantu kuze kube yilapho simisa inani lamalungu endlu yokuvota ngo-35 ngo-1911. Lesi sigqoko siye sahlala sisendaweni njengoba inani labantu base-U.S. liye laphindeka ngaphezu kwamandla aphindwe kathathu kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, okusho ukuthi ummeleli ngamunye manje ufeza kakhulu inani labantu abanduleli bakhe kunangekhulu leminyaka edlule.

Ukuklanywa Nomfanekiso Osekelwe Kubantu

Esinye sezici ezichazayo sendlu siwukuthi ukumelelwa kusekelwe ezakhamuzini, kuhlukanisa iSigele ngasinye lapho umbuso uthola khona ukuma okulinganayo kungakhathaliseki ubukhulu. Ukukhishwa kwecala kuyinqubo yokwahlukanisa amalungu angu-435 phakathi kwezifunda-zifunda, kanye ne-Census Bureauter eqhuba ukubala ngezikhathi zeminyaka eyishumi futhi isebenzisa imiphumela ukubala inani lamalungu endlu uhulumeni ngamunye onelungelo layo.

UMthetho-sisekelo unikeza ukuthi umbuso ngamunye uyoba nelungu elilodwa elincane eNdlu yabameleli yase-U.S., bese kubalwa ngokwehlukana kuhlukanisa izihlalo ezingu - 385 ezisele phakathi kwezifundazwe ezingu - 50. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi ngisho nezifunda ezingazaci kakhulu zinezwi eNdlu, kuyilapho izifunda ezinkulu zithola abameleli abengeziwe ukuze zibonise inani labantu abakhona.

Ithathwe yiKhongolose ngo-1941 futhi yasebenzisa inani ngalinye labalwayo ngemva kwalokho, indlela yezilinganiso ezilinganayo ibala inzuzo ebaluleke kakhulu ngokuhlukanisa inani labantu bombuso ngamunye ngokwezihlalo zawo zamanje nezilandelayo, kwabelwa izihlalo ezingu - 51 kuya ku- 435. Lendlela yezibalo iqinisekisa ukungakhethi ekusakazeni izihlalo zengqungquthela ngenxa yezinguquko zenani labantu ezazembulwa inani ngalinye labantu abazalwayo.

Njengoba kukhishwe isivuno esisekelwe ekubalekeni kwabantu kwase - 2020 e - United States, isifunda ngasinye simelela isilinganiso sabantu abangu - 761 169.

Izihambeli Ezingaboleki Nemiboniso Engavamile

Ngalé kwamalungu angu-435 okuvota, le House ihlanganisa nezihambeli ezingezona ezikhipha uvoti ezimelela amasimu ase-U.S. kanye ne-Frigian of Columbia. Okwamanje, kunabameleli abahlanu abamele i-Frigianty of Columbia, iVirgin Islands, i-Guam, i-Samoa, neCommonwealth of the Northern Marianational Islands, kanye nekhomishane wezakhamuzi ezimelela iPuerto Rico. Nakuba lezi zingenakuvota emnyangweni womthetho ogcinayo esitejini seNdlu, zingahlanganyela emsebenzini wamalungu, zizise izikweleti zemali, futhi zisekele izithakazelo zabo.

Amagama Enkonzo Nezinqumo

Amalungu endlu akhonza isikhathi esimisiwe seminyaka emibili, isihlalo ngasinye sihlehlela phambili kokuqala kweSishaya-mthetho esilandelayo. Lomjikelezo omfushane wokhetho waklanyelwa ngamabomu ukugcina abameleli benolandiso oluseduze kubantu abasebenza ezindaweni zabo. Leligama leminyaka emibili lisho ukuthi amalungu kumelwe abuyele njalo ezifundeni zawo, alalele abavoti, futhi athethelele amarekhodi awo emithetho uma efisa ukuqhubeka ekhonza.

Ummeleli ngamunye ukhethwa ukuba asebenzise igama elithatha iminyaka emibili ekhonza abantu besifunda esithile sobubhishobhi. Lomjikelezo wokhetho ovamile uhlukanisa iNdlu neSigele, lapho amalungu ethatha khona amagama eminyaka eyisithupha. Amagama amafushane aqinisekisa ukuthi iNdlu iyaqhubeka isabela ekushintsheni kombono womphakathi nasekushintsheni kwezwe lezombangazwe, okwenza ibe indawo eqinile nengasheshi ukulandisa ngokushesha.

Amandla Nemithwalo Yemfanelo Eyinhloko

Igunya Lomthetho

Umsebenzi oyinhloko weNdlu yabameleli uwukwakha, ukuphikisana, nokunikeza umthetho kahulumeni. Yonke indlu neSigeqe inegunya ngaphansi kweSiphakamiso Sokuqala soMthetho-sisekelo wase-U.S. esibala izindaba zokudlulisa noma ukuwisa umthetho kahulumeni, owaziwa njengentela, futhi lezo ezidluliswa yiSigele zithunyelwa kumongameli ukuze asayinwe noma ashicilelwe. Lombuso uhlanganisa cishe zonke izici zesimiso sombuso, kusukela ekukhokheni intela nasekuchitheni kwesimiso sombuso kuya ekuvikeleni imibuso yesizwe nezinhlelo zezenhlalo.

Inqubo yomthetho eMzini iyinkimbinkimbi futhi iyavala, ihlanganisa izigaba eziningi zokubukeza, impikiswano, nokulungisa. Izincwadi zingangeniswa yinoma yiliphi ilungu lendlu, futhi ngokuvamile ziqala ukubukeza amakomiti, impikiswano yaphansi, nokuvota ngaphambi kokuba zidlulele eNdlwini. Lenqubo iqinisekisa ukuthi umthetho uhlolwa ngokucophelela ngezindlela eziningi ngaphambi kokuba ube umthetho.

Amandla Angaphezu Kwamabhilidi Emali

Enye yemibuso ebaluleke kakhulu yeNdlu igunya layo elingokomthetho phezu komthetho-mthetho wemali. Imibuso ekhethekile yendlu ihlanganisa ukusungula zonke izikweleti zemali, ukukhuthaza izikhulu zikahulumeni, nokukhetha umongameli uma kungekho mvoti othola amavoti amaningi e-Electoral College. La mandla ngenxa yentela nenkokhelo abonisa inkolelo yabasunguli yokuthi amandla okukhokha intela kufanele ahlale egumbini elinomthwalo wemfanelo oqondile kubantu.

Leligunya elikhethekile lisho ukuthi zonke izikweleti ezihlobene nokunyusa imali ($(*), kuhlanganise nomthetho wentela, amajaji, nezinye izinhlobo zemali kahulumeni ) kumelwe zivele eNdlu yabameleli. Nakuba iSigele singahlongoza ukubuyiselwa ezikweletini zemali, ngeke ziqale. Lokhu kunikeza ithonya elikhulu eMzini phezu kwesimiso sezemali nemali ebhaliswe kuhulumeni.

Amandla Okuzifunela

Indlu inegunya lokunikeza izikhulu zikahulumeni, kuhlanganise noMongameli, uMongameli, amajaji kahulumeni, nezinye izikhulu zomphakathi. Ukumangalela kuyicala elingokomthetho lokuziphatha okubi, elifana necala lomthetho wobugebengu. Uma indlu ivotela ukunikeza isikhulu isikhulu, ayimsusi lowo muntu esikhundleni; kunalokho, ithumela icala eNdlwini, esingatha icala futhi inqume ukuthi izolibeka icala futhi ikhiphe isikhulu.

Lamandla okunikeza asebenza njengenhlolo - vo ebalulekile emagatsheni aphethe nawamahluleli, eqinisekisa ukuthi asikho isikhulu sikahulumeni esingaphezu komthetho. Kuwo wonke umlando waseMelika, leNdlu iye yasebenzisa leligunya ngokuncipha kodwa ngokuphawulekayo, ngokuqaphayo, kubhekiselwa komongameli, abahluleli, nezinye izikhulu lapho kuqubuka izimangalo ezingathi sína zokuziphatha okubi.

Indima Ekukhetheni Komongameli

Esimweni esingavamile sokuthi akukho mlandeli womongameli othola amavoti amaningi e-Electoral College, i House inomthwalo wemfanelo womthetho-sisekelo wokukhetha uMongameli. Ezimweni ezinjalo, abameleli bombuso ngamunye eNdlu bavota kanye, kanye neningi lezifundazwe elidinga ukukhetha umongameli. Nakuba lokhu kuvumelana kuye kwasetshenziswa izikhathi ezimbalwa kuphela emlandweni waseMelika, kumelela iphutha elibalulekile esimisweni sokhetho sikamongameli.

Ukugada Nokuphenya

Ngaphandle kokwenza umthetho, iNdlu inegunya eliphawulekayo lokuqondisa igatsha eliphethe nezinhlangano zikahulumeni.

Lo msebenzi wobubonisi ubalulekile ekulondolozeni ukulandisa kuhulumeni. Amakomiti endlu angafaka ofakazi abampofu, acela izincwadi, futhi ahlole ububi obungase bube khona noma ukungafezeki egatsheni eliphethe. Lo mbuso uqinisekisa ukuthi igatsha lemithetho lingahlola amandla okulawula futhi livikele isithakazelo somphakathi.

Isimiso SeKomiti: I - Enjini Yomsebenzi Wemithetho

Okwenza Amakomiti Abaluleke

Amakomiti endlu acabangela izikweleti nezindaba kanye nezinhlangano zezokwengamela, izinhlelo, nemisebenzi ezindaweni zawo. Isimiso sekomiti sivame ukuchazwa ngokuthi kuphi lapho umsebenzi wangempela weSishaya-mthetho uyenzeka khona. Ngamalungu angu-355 nezinkulungwane zezikweleti ezisungulwe isiqephu ngasinye, kungeke kube nokwenzeka ukuba iNdlu egcwele icabangele ngokuningiliziwe yonke imikhakha yomthetho. Amakomiti axazulula lenkinga ngokuhlukanisa umsebenzi phakathi kwamaqembu amancane, akhethekile.

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zamakomiti: ukuma, ukukhetha, nokuhlangana, namakomiti amile ayizikomiti azimele alawula ngokuhlala njalo abekwe eMbusweni Wezishayamthetho. Lenhlangano ivumela amalungu ukuba athuthukise ubuchwepheshe ezindaweni ezithile zezimiso futhi iqinisekise ukuthi umthetho uthola ukubukezwa okuphelele, okunolwazi ngaphambi kokuba afike esitezini sendlu.

Amakomiti Amile

AmaKomiti amile anomthwalo wokubukeza izikweletu, ukuqondisa, nokuhlela umthetho ngokutusa kwawo. Lamakomiti ahlala njalo ahlanganisa izindawo ezibanzi zezimiso futhi achaza imingcele emiswe ngemithetho yendlu. Okwamanje, i House inamakomiti amile angaba ngu-20, ngalinye ligxila ezindaweni ezithile zesimiso sikahulumeni.

Amanye amakomiti anezimo ezinamandla kakhulu ahlanganisa:

  • IKomiti yoMkhondo ne-Fota: Ikomiti yezindlela nezindlela ikomiti endala kakhulu ebekwe eNdlu yabameleli, eyakhiwa okokuqala njengekomiti ekhethiwe eMkhandlwini weSiphakamiso sokuqala ngoJuly 24, 1789, futhi ibe yikomiti emile eSivumelwaneni se-4 (1795-177). Le komiti iphatha umthetho wentela, umthetho wezentengiso, nezokhuseleko lezenhlalakahle.
  • [ Ikomiti yokuguqula: Lekomiti enamandla ilawula izindleko zikahulumeni ngokunquma ukuthi izinhlangano zikahulumeni nezinhlelo zithola imali engakanani unyaka ngamunye.
  • IKomiti Yezinkonzo Zokuhloma: Ibheka i-Univertive of Defense and ezempi, kuhlanganise nokusetshenziswa kwendlela yokuzivikela nemisebenzi yezempi.
  • Ikomiti yobucuphi: Icala elihlangene nesimiso senkantolo kahulumeni, izinguquko zomthetho-sisekelo, umthetho wobugebengu, kanye nokufuduka.
  • [ Ikomiti eqinile neyohwebo: Enye yamakomiti abanzi kakhulu, ephethe ukunakekelwa kwempilo, itekthali, ukuvikelwa kwabathengi, nenqubo yamandla.

Khetha Amakomiti Akhethekile

Amakomiti akhethiwe ngokuvamile akhiwa ngesinqumo sokuhlola noma acabangele izinyathelo, ngokuvamile ngesihloko esithile, futhi awavuselelwanga ngokuhlala njalo ngokushiya okuphawulekayo kwe-Secrent Committee on Intelligence. Lamakomiti esikhashana asungulwa ukusingatha izindaba ezithile noma ukuhlola okuthile okungahlangani negunya lamakomiti amile noma okudinga ukunakwa.

Amakomiti akhethiwe aye enza indima ebalulekile kuwo wonke umlando we-conoration, ehlola yonke into kusukela emikhankasweni yokuhlakanipha kuya ezinkingeni ezithile zenqubo. Nakuba ngokuvamile enezikhawu ezilinganiselwe zokuphila, amanye amakomiti akhethiwe aye athola ukuthi ayigugu kakhulu kangangokuba aba yizimo ezihlala njalo zendlu.

Ikomiti Engaphansi: Ukugxila Okukhethekile

Amakomiti angaphansi akhiwa amakomiti amaningi ukuba ahlanganyele imisebenzi ethile ehhovisi eligcwele, futhi anomthwalo wemfanelo wokusebenza futhi asebenze ngaphakathi kweziqondiso ezimiswe amakomiti abazali bawo. Lamaqembu amancane avumela ngisho nokuhlolwa okukhethekile kwezindaba ezingaphakathi kwegunya elikhulu lekomiti.

Imithetho eMnyango wabameleli wase-U.S. ngokuvamile ilinganisela ikomiti ngayinye ephelele emakomitini amahlanu angaphansi, ngaphandle kwe Appropriations (12 izibopho ezingaphansi), izinkonzo ze-Admittee (7), Izindaba Zangaphandle (7), nezokuthutha kanye nezokuhlela (6). Lesi sakhiwo siqinisekisa ukuthi izindawo eziyinkimbinkimbi zithola ukunakekela okuningiliziwe kumalungu anolwazi oluthile noma isithakazelo ezindabeni ezithile.

Abaholi Nezabelo Zamakomiti

Izihlalo zamakomiti zikhethwa noma yiliphi iqembu elisengxenyeni enkulu, futhi iqembu elincane likhetha amalungu aphezulu ukuze liwahole. Isihlalo sekomiti sinamandla aphawulekayo, silawula uhlelo lwekomiti, sinqume ukuthi yiziphi izikweleti ezithola ukuthethwa kwecala, futhi siphatha izimali zekomiti nezisebenzi.

Abameleli bafuna izikhundla emakomitini anezikhundla eziphethe ezindaweni lapho banolwazi noma abasekela khona izithakazelo zezifunda zabo. Izabelo zamakomiti zingawuhlela kakhulu umsebenzi welungu nokuphumelela eSifundeni. Ummeleli wesifunda sezolimo angase afune isihlalo eKomitini ye-Agriculture, kuyilapho ilungu elinesizinda sezezimali lingase liphishekele isikhundla eKomitini Yezinkonzo Zemali.

Inqubo yokwabela amalungu amakomiti isingathwa yikomiti yokuqondisa yeqembu ngalinye, ecabangela izici ezinjengokukhetha kwamalungu, ubuchwepheshe, ukuba ngaphezulu, nezidingo zezifunda zazo. Lezizabelo zivunywa yi-caucus yeqembu eligcwele futhi ekugcineni yindlu ngokwayo ngokuthatha izinqumo.

Indlela Amakomiti Asebenza Ngayo

AmaKomiti aqhuba umsebenzi wawo ngemisebenzi eminingana ebalulekile:

  • [ AmaKomiti ezindlebe:[ aphatha ukuqulwa kwecala ukuze aqoqe ukwaziswa ngezindaba ezisebusweni bawo, ubufakazi bokuzwa kofakazi abangochwepheshe, izikhulu zikahulumeni, kanye nabafaki-mgoqo abathintekile.
  • Izinsuku zophawu:[ Phakathi nokubhalisa, amalungu amakomiti aphikisana futhi aqede izikweleti ngaphambi kokuvota ukuthi izobika noma izofika endluni yonke.
  • [[Ukweqa Imisebenzi: Amakomiti aqondisa izinhlangano zegatsha eziphethe nezinhlelo, aqinisekisa ukuthi asebenza ngokuphumelelayo futhi ngokuvumelana nenhloso yokuhlela.
  • Inguquko: Uma kudingekile, amakomiti ahlola ukwenza okubi okushiwo ukuthi, ukwehluleka kwezimiso, noma ezinye izindaba zomphakathi.
  • Imibiko kanye nokutusa:[ amaKomiti aveza imibiko mayelana nomthetho kanye nezimpikiswano, anikeza ukuhlaziywa nokutuswa endlini yonke.

Ubuholi Ekhaya

Umkhulumeli Wendlu

Isikhulu esiphethe yisikhulumi seNdlu, esikhethwa amalungu ayo. USweinger uyisikhundla esinamandla kakhulu eMzini futhi owesibili ohlwini lobumongameli obulandelana ngemva komongameli ongumKhosi. USpeimer uvame ukuba ilungu eliphambili leqembu leningi futhi ukhethwa ngendlu egcwele ekuqaleni kweSishaya - mthetho ngasinye esisha.

Imithwalo yemfanelo namandla oSpeaker zihlanganisa:

  • Ukwengamela izinhlelo zasendlini nokugcina ukuhleleka phakathi nezinkulumo - mpikiswano
  • Ukubhekisela izikweletu emakomitini afanele
  • Ukumisa amalungu akhethe amakomiti namakomiti engqungquthela
  • Ukugunyaza uhlelo lwezishaya - mthetho nokunquma ukuthi iziphi izikweleti eziza phansi ukuze kuvotelwe
  • Ukukhonza njengomuntu obonwa umphakathi nomkhulumeli weNdlu
  • Ukufeza indima eyinhloko ezingxoxweni neSigele, uMongameli nabanye abaholi bezombangazwe

Ukuba Mukhulu Nokuhola Okuncane

Imithetho ye House ivame ukuphatha isimiso esinezingxenye ezimbili, esineqembu elikhulu kuhulumeni, kanye neqembu elincane eliphikisayo. Ngalé kweSpeaker, kokubili iningi nedlanzana leqembu likhetha abaholi abengeziwe ukuba baqondise izintambo zabo zomthetho futhi bahlele amaqhinga okulawula.

Iqembu elikhulu likhetha iMajority Monity, okhonza njengelungu lesibili elithatha isikhundla seqembu elikhulu futhi usiza iSpeach ekuqondiseni uhlelo lwezishaya-mthetho necebo leqembu. Iqembu elikhulu likhetha futhi i-Major Wip, enecala lokubala amavoti nokuqinisekisa amalungu eqembu ukuba asekele izinqumo eziphambili zobuholi.

Iqembu elincane likhetha uMholi oMncane, ophethe ukuphikiswa futhi ohola imizamo yeqembu elincane ukuthonya umthetho nezimiso zamanje. Iqembu elincane futhi line-Wpip encane eyenza imisebenzi efanayo yokuvota neyokuhlanganisa amalungu eqembu lalo.

IMibuthano Yeqembu Nemihlangano

Iqembu ngalinye line-caucus (i-democrats) noma umhlangano (amaRepublicans) ohlanganisa wonke amalungu eqembu endlu. Lezinhlangano zihlangana njalo ukuze zixoxe ngezindlela, ukuhola okukhethiweyo, futhi zenze izinqumo ngezabelo zekomiti nezikhundla zeqembu ekwakheni umthetho. Izinhlangano nemihlangano zidlala indima ebalulekile ekulolongeni ubunye necebo lomthetho.

Inqubo Yomthetho Endlini

Indlela Ibhili Eba Ngayo Umthetho

Inqubo yokuba isikweleti sibe umthetho ngayo eNdlu ihilela izigaba eziningi, ngasinye esiklanyelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kucatshangelwa ngokucophelela futhi kuphikiswane ngayo:

I-Introduction:[ Noma yiliphi ilungu lendlu lingasungula incwadi ngokuyinikeza iClerk yendlu. Imali ithola inombolo (H.R. ezikweletini zendlu) futhi ibhekiselwe ekomitini efanele esekelwe endabeni yayo.

Ukucabangela: Ikomiti ihlola izindleko, ikwazi ukuvala icala ukuze iqoqe ukwaziswa nemibono. Ikomiti ingasilungisa isikhokhelo phakathi nezikhathi zokuvota bese ivota ukuthi ingabika kahle yini endluni egcwele. Izikweletu eziningi zifa ekomitini futhi zingaphinde zihlolwe.

Ikomiti:[ Kumthetho obaluleke kakhulu, ityala kumelwe lidlule eKomitini yeMiyalo, enquma izimpikiswano ezisesitezi sendlu, kuhlanganise nesikhathi esizobekwa ukuba kuxoxwe ngaso nokuthi iziphi izinguquko zinganikezwa yini.

[ Impikiswano: Icala lidingidwa phansi ngokwemithetho emiswe yiKomiti yeMithetho. Amalungu angakhuluma ngecala noma amelane nalo, futhi ukubuyisana kunganikelwa futhi kuvotelwe kuye ngempikiswano ebusayo.

Ukuvota: Ngemva kokuphetha impikiswano, amavoti endlu emali. Iningi lalabo abakhona novoti liyadingeka ukuze kudlule. Indlu isebenzisa izindlela zokuvota eziningana, kuhlanganise namavoti ezwi, amavoti eqembu, namavoti aqoshiwe.

[[INQANAWA:0] Ukucabangela:[ Uma indlu idlulisa umthetho, ihamba ukuya eNhlanganweni ukuze ihlolwe. ISigele kumelwe sidlulise umhumusho ofanayo wencwadi ukuze iqhubeke kuMongameli.

IPresidential Action:[ Uma womabili amagumbi edlula izinguqulo ezifanayo zesivumelwano somthetho, kuya kuMongameli, ongawusayina emthethweni, i-veto, noma awuvumele ukuba ube umthetho ngaphandle kokusayina ngemva kwezinsuku eziyishumi (uma uMkhandlu ukhona esiqeshini).

Imibono Nemithetho Ekhethekile

Indlu isebenza ngaphansi kwemithetho eyinkimbinkimbi nezinqubo ezilawula indlela ethathwa ngayo umthetho. Lemithetho ingaba nethonya elikhulu ukuthi iziphi izikweletu ezithathwayo nendlela eziphikiswana ngayo. Iqembu elikhulu, ngokulawula kwalo i-Mislig Committee nehhovisi le-Speaker, lilawula inqubo yomthetho kanye nezinhlelo.

Ezinye izikweleti zicatshangelwa ngaphansi "kokuhlelwa kwemithetho," inqubo esetshenziselwa umthetho ongahlanganiyo odinga amavoti amabili-ntathu ukuze angene kodwa impikiswano elinganiselwe futhi inqabela ukubuyiselwa. Ezinye izikweleti zingacatshangelwa ngaphansi kwemithetho ekhethekile okungaxoxwa ngayo ngezindlela ezithile ukuze kucaciswe noma kuqinisekiswe izimpikiswano ezithile.

Izinkonzo Zokumelela Nezokuvikela

Indima Yommeleli

Amalungu endlu afeza izindima ezimbili: bayizishaya-mthetho abahlanganyela ekusunguleni isimiso sesizwe, futhi bangabameleli abasekela izithakazelo ezikhethekile zezifunda zabo nezidingo. Ukulinganisela lezi zindima kudinga amalungu ukuba ahlale ehlangene nezici zawo kuyilapho futhi ecabangela izithakazelo zesizwe ezibanzi.

Abameleli bavame ukuwanakekela amahhovisi kokubili ezifundeni zaseWashington, D.C., nasemahhovisi esigodi asekhaya. Amahhovisi esigodi avumela amalungu ukuba ahlale ekwazi ukufinyelela izikhundla zezindawo kanye nezikweleti zezindawo, kuyilapho amahhovisi abo aseWashington ewavumela ukuba ahlanganyele emisebenzini yezomthetho nasemsebenzini wekomiti.

Izinkonzo Eziwusizo

Ingxenye enkulu yomsebenzi wommeleli ihlanganisa ukusiza abameleli ukuba baqondise izinhlangano zikahulumeni nezinhlelo. Le misebenzi ingahlanganisa:

  • Ukusiza Ngezindaba Ezinokulondeka Komphakathi Noma Zezokwelapha
  • Ukusiza omakad ’ ebona ukuba bathole izinzuzo nezinkonzo
  • Ukuxazulula izinkinga nezinhlangano zikahulumeni
  • Ukunikeza ukwaziswa ngezinhlelo nezinkonzo zikahulumeni
  • Ukusiza ngezindaba zokufuduka
  • Ukusiza abameleli ukuba baqonde umthetho kahulumeni nezimiso

Lezi zinkonzo ezihlangene zisiza ekwakheni ubuhlobo phakathi kwabameleli nabantu ababakhonzayo, kuyilapho zinikeza nencazelo ewusizo ngendlela izimiso nezinhlelo zikahulumeni ezisebenza ngayo.

Ukukhulumisana Nabakhulumayo

Abameleli banamuhla basebenzisa izindlela ezihlukahlukene zokukhulumisana nokuzwa abameleli babo:

  • Imihlangano yamaHholo e-Ourth: Umphakathi wezindawo lapho abameleli bengabuza khona imibuzo futhi baveze ukukhathazeka kwabo ngokuqondile kummeleli wabo
  • Amahora e-Ofisi e-Diature: ahlelelwe izikhathi lapho amalungu angahlangana khona namalungu ommeleli noma izisebenzi
  • Newslates and Email Update:[ ukuxhumana okuvamile ngemisebenzi yemithetho nezindaba zesigodi
  • I-Sacial Media:[ I-Platforms njengo-Twitter, Facebook, ne-Instagram zivumela abameleli ukuba bahlanganyele ulwazi futhi bahlanganise nama-commentality ngesikhathi sangempela
  • [[[I-QUT:0] AmaHholo OMgwaqo weTelifoni:[ Imihlangano engokoqobo evumela abathathi-mkhakha ukuba bahlanganyele ekhaya
  • [[UMTH:0] Imishini kanye nempova:[ amathuluzi okuhlola umbono ohlanganyelwe ezindabeni ezithile

Indlu Esesimisweni Samasheke Nokulinganisela

Ukuhlola Amandla Okuqondisa

Indlu inendima ebalulekile ekuhloleni amandla egatsha aphethe ngezinqubo eziningana. Igunya layo eliqondisayo livumela amakomiti ukuba ahlole imisebenzi yegatsha eliphetheyo, izikhulu zokuhlola, nokufuna izincwadi nobufakazi. Amandla esikhwama semali (8) igunya likahulumeni lokusebenzisa imali.

Ngenqubo yokuhlobisa, i House ingaxhasa noma ikhiphe intela yegatsha eliphethe, ilololonga lokho igatsha eliphethe ihhovisi elingakwenza futhi elingenakwenza.

Ubuhlobo NeSigele

Indlu neSigele kumelwe zisebenze ndawonye ukuze zikhiphe umthetho, ziveze isimiso sokuhlola i-bamadral kanye nokulinganisela. Amagumbi amabili ngokuvamile anemibono engafani ezindabeni zenqubo, ebonisa izakhiwo zawo ezihlukene kanye nezikhundla. Indlu, namaphimbo ayo amafushane kanye nokumelelwa kwabantu, ivame ukusabela kakhulu emizweni ethinta umphakathi ngokushesha, kuyilapho iSigele, esinezincazelo ezinde nezilinganayo, ngokuvamile sithatha indlela yokuziveza.

Uma amagumbi amabili edlula izinguqulo ezihlukene zemali eyodwa, kumelwe avumelanise umehluko ngekomiti yengqungquthela noma ngenqubo yokulungisa nokubuyisela. Lemfuneko yesivumelwano se-bidamal iqinisekisa ukuthi umthetho uthathwa ngokucabangela okukhulu ngaphambi kokuba ube umthetho.

Ukuhlanganyela Negatsha Lokwahlulela

Nakuba i House ingasaxhumene ngokuqondile negatsha lokwahlulela kunomphathi, isafeza izindima ezibalulekile uma kuqhathaniswa nezinkantolo. Indlu ihlanganyela ekugunyazweni kwamajaji kahulumeni, inikeza isheke ngokuziphatha okubi kokwahlulela. Ngomthetho, i House ingahlela futhi imingcele nesakhiwo sezinkantolo zikahulumeni, nakuba ingenakuphazamisana nezinqumo zokwahlulela ngazinye.

Izinselele Nezimpikiswano Zamanje

Umbukiso nosayizi wesigodi

Enye impikiswano eqhubekayo iphathelene nokuthi abameleli abangu - 435 banele yini isizwe sabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu - 330.

Ubukhulu obumisiwe bendlu buthinta futhi iElectoral College, njengoba amavoti kahulumeni ngamunye elingana nenani elihlangeneyo lamanxusa nabameleli. Ukushintsha ukwabelana kwendlu kungasho okungaphezu kokumelelwa kwenhlangano.

I - partisan Polaryation

Le House iye yabhekana nokuhlukana okukhulayo okubangelwa ukuhlukaniswa kwabashokobezi emashumini eminyaka amuva, njengoba amalungu amabili amaqembu amakhulu evota ezindaweni ezihlangene ngokungaguquki futhi ethola isisekelo esingesifanayo ezindabeni ezingokwezimiso. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kwezindawo kungenza ukubambisana kwe - bipartisan kube nzima futhi kungase kube nengxenye ekunqandeni ukumiswa kwemithetho ezindabeni eziphikisanayo.

Izimbangela zokuhlukana kwezindawo ziyinkimbinkimbi futhi ziphikisana, kuhlanganise nezici ezinjengokulungisa imingcele, ukushintsha kwezindlela zokuxhumana, nokuhlukana okubanzi kwezenhlalo namasiko. Ukukhuluma ngokuhlukana kuyilapho ukulondoloza impikiswano enempilo yentando yeningi kuseyinselele kulokhu kuyinselele kulenhlangano.

Ukuvuselela Nokushintsha Izindawo

Inqubo yokuphinde udwebe imingcele yesifunda sesifunda ngemva kokubalwa kwabantu ngakunye iye yabangela impikiswano eyanda. Abagxeki baphikisa ngokuthi i - gegerrymanderng − ukudonsela izigodi ezifuna ukusekela isigaba esithile ngaphezu kwesinye — udeyisi owenziwe ngokukhipha izihlalo eziphephile lapho abameleli bebhekana khona nomncintiswano omncane.

Kuye kwahlongozwa izinguquko ezihlukahlukene ukuze kuhlolwe ukuhlelwa kwe-gerrymander, kuhlanganise nekhomishane yokufaka i-rediprocensing kanye nezimiso zezibalo zokudweba izigodi. Impikiswano ngezindlela zokulungisa iyaqhubeka ihlela izingxoxo ngokumelelwa nokukhetha okulungile.

Izimali Nezimvume Zokulwa

Izindleko zokufuna iSishaya - mthetho ziye zanda ngokuphawulekayo emashumini eminyaka amuva, zikhulisa ukukhathazeka ngethonya lemali kwezombangazwe nokuthi isimiso somkhankaso wezezimali sidala izithiyo ekungeneni kwabangase bafike. Umjikelezo wokhetho othatha iminyaka emibili usho ukuthi amalungu endlu kumelwe aqoqe imali njalo, abagxeki abaphikisayo ngokuphazamisa umsebenzi womthetho nenkonzo yokushaya umthetho.

Indlela Izakhamuzi Ezingahlanganyela Ngayo Nendlu

Ukuxhumana Nomumeleli Wakho

Enye yezindlela eziqondile zokusebenza nendlu ukuxhumana nommeleli wakho. Ungathola ummeleli wakho esebenzisa amathuluzi e-inthanethi anikezwa yi House of Messages kuwebhusayithi ye- www.house.gov. Uma nje usumtholile ummeleli wakho, ungafinyelela:

  • Phone:[ Bashayela iWashington, D.C., ihhovisi noma ihhovisi lesigodi ukuveza imibono yakho ngosizo lomthetho noma ngesicelo
  • [[UMTL:0] Ifomu ye-Email noma ye-Online Onion Ofish:[ Abameleli abaningi balondoloza amawebhusayithi anezindlela zokuxhumana ezihlangene nezixhunyiwe
  • Izinhlamvu zeWRItten :% [ yeposi yendabuko ilokhu iyindlela ephumelelayo yokutshela izinkathazo noma izikhundla ezinemininingwane
  • ISACULAY Media:[ Abameleli abaningi babheka ama-akhawunti abo ezokuxhumana futhi baphendule imilayezo ehlangene
  • Emihlanganweni ye-Perseni:[ imihlangano ecelayo phakathi nezikhathi zomsebenzi wesigodi lapho abameleli besekhaya bevela eWashington

Ukuhlanganyela EmaHholo Omuzi Nasemaholidini Omphakathi

Imihlangano yasedolobheni nezindawo zomphakathi zinikeza amathuba okuhlanganyela ngokuqondile nabameleli bakho nabanye abantu. Lezi zenzakalo zikuvumela ukuba ubuze imibuzo, uveze ukukhathazeka, futhi uzwe izikhundla zommeleli wakho ezindabeni. Zibonisa futhi abameleli ukuthi yiziphi izimpikiswano ezibaluleke kakhulu kubantu abameleli babo.

Ukufakazela Phambi KwamaKomiti

Amakomiti endlu ahlala ephethe amacala emithetho nezimiso, futhi avame ukumema ubufakazi basobala. Uma unolwazi noma ulwazi olufanele umsebenzi wekomiti, ungakwazi ukunikeza ubufakazi futhi ube nengxenye enqubweni yomthetho. Ngisho noma ungafakazi ngokoqobo, amakomiti amaningi amukela izitatimende ezibhaliwe zombhalo.

Ngemva Komsebenzi Womthetho

Ukuhlala wazi ngalokho okwenziwa iNdlu kubalulekile ukuze ulwe nezakhamuzi.

  • .gov: Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni yokulandelana kwemithetho kahulumeni, imisebenzi yekomiti, kanye nemibhalo ye-conoration
  • C-SPAN:[ Inikeza ilungiselelo eliphilayo lemicimbi yendlu nezindaba zamakomiti
  • Indlu.gov: Iwebhusayithi yendlu esemthethweni enokwaziswa ngamalungu, amakomiti, nezinqubo
  • Committee Website:[ Amakomiti anye agcina amawebhusayithi anokwaziswa ngemisebenzi yawo, izindaba, nomthetho
  • New Media: Imithombo yezindaba eqanjiwe inikeza ukuhlanganiswa nokuhlaziywa kwemisebenzi yenhlangano
  • GovTrack:[ Iwebhu ezimele ku-' www.govrack.us elandela umthetho futhi inikeza amathuluzi okulandela umsebenzi we-communication's'

Ukunikela Nokuhlanganyela Ngokuzikhandla

Indlela ebaluleke kakhulu yokuhlanganyela kulendlu ukuvota. ukhetho lwasendlini luyenzeka njalo ngemva kweminyaka emibili, lunikeza izakhamuzi amathuba okuba zibone ukuthi abameleli bazo bazo bazolandisa futhi zithonye isiqondiso soMkhandlu. Ngaphandle kokuvota, izakhamuzi zingahlanganyela emikhankasweni, izisebenzi zokuzithandela zabazovota futhi zifundise abanye abavoti ngezindaba nabazobhapathizwa.

Ukudla Okungalawuleki Nezimpande Ezinomsila

Ukuqamba okuhleliwe kungandisa amazwi ngamanye futhi kuthonye imiphumela yemithetho. Izakhamuzi zingahlanganyela noma zisekele izinhlangano zezezimali ezisebenza ezindabeni ezizikhathalelayo, zihlanganyele emikhankasweni yotshani ukuze zakhe ukusekela noma ukuphikisa umthetho, futhi zixhumane nezinye izimemezelo zokudlulisela imiyalezo ehlangene kubameleli.

Ukuqonda Ikhalenda Elinomthetho

Indlu isebenza ekhalendeni lemithetho ehlanganisa izikhathi lapho uMkhandlu usesikhathini somsebenzi eWashington nasesigodini lapho amalungu ebuyela ekhaya. Ukuqonda leli khalenda kungakusiza ukuba usebenzise isithembiso sakho ngokuphumelelayo. Abameleli ngokuvamile batholakala kalula phakathi nezikhathi zomsebenzi wesigodi, kuyilapho ukuxhumana nawo phakathi nezinkulumo eziyinhloko zemithetho kungasiza ekuthonyeni amavoti abo ezikweletini ezithile.

Indima Yendlu Ezindaweni Ezikhulu Zomthetho

Umthetho Wemali Nohlelo Lokusebenzisa Imali

Indlu inendima eyinhloko ekuvimbeleni umthetho kahulumeni ngegunya layo elingokomthetho ezikweletini zemali nokuhlanganyela kwayo ekuhleleni imali nasekuhleleni izinhlelo. I House Baccount Committee ihlela izinqumo ezihlela izindleko nezimali ezisetshenziswayo, kuyilapho iKomiti yezokushaya izimali inquma amazinga akhethekile ezinhlangano nezinhlelo zikahulumeni.

Leligunya lemali linika ithonya elikhulu kuzwe. Izinqumo mayelana nokukhokha intela, ukuthenga, nokungakhokhi kwemali kahulumeni, izinkonzo zikahulumeni, nempilo engcono yezwe. Inqubo yemali yaminyaka yonke ingenye yemithwalo yemfanelo ebaluleke kakhulu nexabanayo yendlu.

Ukulondeka Kwesizwe Nokuzivikela

Ngamakomiti anjengezinkonzo zokuhloma, i-Intelligence, ne Homeland Security, iNdlu iqondisa isimiso sokuphepha sesizwe futhi igunyaze ukusetshenziswa kwendlela yokuzivikela. Indlu kumelwe ilinganisele ukunikeza imithombo eyanele yezokuzivikela kwesizwe nomthwalo wemfanelo wezentengiselwano nokwengamela imisebenzi yezempi nemisebenzi yokuhlakanipha.

Indima yendlu ekulondekeni kwesizwe ihlanganisa ukugunyaza imisebenzi yezempi, ukwengamela izinhlangano zokuhlakanipha, nokuqinisekisa ukuthi imali yokuvikela ifeza izithakazelo zesizwe ngokuphumelelayo. Lomthwalo wemfanelo udinga amalungu ukuba aphathe ukwaziswa okuhlelwayo futhi enze izinqumo ezingaba nemiphumela ebulalayo nokufa.

Ukunakekelwa Kwempilo

Indlu inendima enkulu esimisweni sokunakekela impilo ngamakomiti aphethe iMedicare, Medicaid, i-Affordal Care Act, izinhlelo zempilo yomphakathi, nezimiso zokunakekela impilo. Uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi ukunakekelwa kwezempilo kumelela ingxenye ebalulekile yokusebenzisa imali kahulumeni futhi kuthinta wonke umuntu waseMelika, izinqumo zezindlu zesimiso sezempilo zithinta kakhulu.

Ukuvuselelwa Kwezomnotho Nezezimali

IKomiti yezezimali ye House Services yeNdlu yeNkonzo yezezimali ye-Elword ye-ofisi yendlu yengamela isimiso sebhange, izimakethe zokungawafaki amafa, isimiso sezindlu, nesimiso somshuwalense. Izindlela ne-Fractal Committee isingatha inqubo yentela, elawula izisusa zezomnotho nenzuzo kahulumeni. Lo msebenzi uthinta ukukhula kwezomnotho, ukuqina kwezimali, kanye nokwabiwa kwemithombo yezomnotho.

Ukulawulwa Kwezenhlalo Namalungelo Omphakathi

Indlu ikhuluma ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene zesimiso sezenhlalo, kuhlanganise nemfundo, amalungelo omphakathi, ukufuduka, ukwahlulela kobugebengu, nezinhlelo zezenhlalakahle. iKomiti Yezenhlalakahle isingatha amalungelo amaningi omphakathi kanye nezindaba zokufuduka, kuyilapho iKomiti Yemfundo Nezemfundo Yezisebenzi ikhuluma ngenqubo yemfundo nomthetho wezisebenzi.

Ukusetshenziswa Kwendawo Ezungezile Namandla Amandla

Ngamakomiti anjenge - Energy and Commerce and Natural Resources, le House ihlela izimiso zokuvikela indawo ezungezile, ukuthuthuka kwamandla nokusabela ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu.

Ukuziphendukela Kwemvelo Okungokomlando Nentuthuko Yezinhlangano

Ukwanda Nokushintsha Kwesikhathi

Njengoba leli zwe landa ngokwanda kwezindawo, iNdlu yanda yamelela izifunda ezintsha kanye nabantu abakhulayo. Inhlangano iye yasungula imithetho eyinkimbinkimbi, izinqubo, kanye nezakhiwo zokuhlela ukuze kuqondiswe umsebenzi oyandayo kanye namalungu ayo.

Izinguquko ezinkulu ngezikhathi ezithile ziye zaguqula iNdlu, kuhlanganise neLegislative Reorganisation Acts ka-1946 no 1970, ezahlanganisa isimiso samakomiti nemisebenzi yenhlangano yesimanje. Lezinguquko zabonisa izidingo ezishintshayo nezinselele ezibhekene nenhlangano.

Ukushintsha Kwezikhundla Nokuzijwayeza

Ukulingana kwamandla ngaphakathi kwendlu sekuye kwashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, abakhulumeli abanamandla njengoJoseph Cannon basebenzisa ukuphathwa kwendlu cishe kwemiyalo. Izinguquko ngo-1910-1911 zanciphisa amandla oSpeator futhi zasakaza igunya elibanzi. Emashumini eminyaka amuva, ukuhola kweqembu kuye kwaphinde kwabuye kwaqala ithonya elikhulu ngenqubo yokumiswa kwemithetho.

Indima yamakomiti nayo isiye yashintsha.

Ukushintsha Kwezobuchwepheshe Nezenhlalo

Indlu iye yazivumelanisa nezinguquko zobuchwepheshe eziye zaguqula indlela esebenza ngayo nezokuxhumana. Ukusakaza ithelevishini, kusukela ku-C-SPAN ngo-1979, kwaletha izenzakalo zezindlu emakhaya aseMelika. I-intanethi nezokuxhumana yezenhlalo kuye kwashintsha futhi indlela abameleli abaxhumana ngayo nabantu abazimeleyo nendlela izakhamuzi ezingasebenzelana ngayo nohulumeni wabo.

Izinguquko zomphakathi ziye zaguqula futhi ukwakheka kwendlu. Inhlangano iye yaba ehlukene kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, enamanani andayo abesifazane, amaqembu amancane ezinhlanga namaqembu ezinhlanga, namalungu ezizinda ezihlukahlukene akhonza eSishaya-Mkhandlwini. Lokhu kuhluka okukhulayo kuye kwaletha imibono emisha nezinto eziza kuqala enqubweni yokushaya umthetho.

Ukuqhathanisa Indlu Nezinye Izindikimba Zemithetho

Izintambo zendlu.

Indlu ihlukile kuSigele ngezindlela eziningana eziyinhloko. Indlu inkulu, amalungu ovota angu-435 uma eqhathaniswa nama-senator ayikhulu. Amalungu endlu asebenzisa amagama amabili athatha iminyaka emibili kuyilapho abameli besebenzisa amagama eminyaka eyisithupha. Indlu ihlelwe ngokulandelana kweminye, iphethe ubuholi beqembu obuqinile nemithetho eqinile elawula impikiswano. ISigele sivumela amalungu ngamanye ukuba abe nethonya elikhulu ngemikhuba enjenge-pricebuster kanye nemithetho.

Lokhu kungafani kubonisa inhloso yabasunguli yokwakha amagumbi amabili anezimpawu ezihlukile − iNdlu njengelungu elithathayo, igumbi elisabelayo, neSigele njengendikimba ethathayo, eqinile. Zombili izitembu kumelwe zivumelane ngomthetho, zidala isimiso se-bimeral se-cheke nezilinganiso.

Ukuqhathaniswa Kwamazwe Ngamazwe

Indlu yabameleli yase-U.S. inezici ezithile ezikhona kwezinye izindlu eziphansi kwezinye idemokrasi, njenge British House of Commons noma i-Canadan House of Commons, kodwa futhi inezici ezihlukile. Isimiso sekomiti yendlu yase-U.S. sithuthukisiwe kakhulu uma siqhathaniswa nezinye izishaya-mthetho eziningi. Ubukhulu obumisiwe bendlu nesimiso sesifunda esisodwa siyayihlukanisa futhi nendlu yomthetho esebenzisa izimpawu zesilinganiso.

Ikusasa Lendlu Yabameleli

Izinguquko Nezinguquko Ezingase Zivele

Kuye kwahlongozwa izinguquko ezihlukahlukene ukuze kuxazululwe izinselele ezibhekene neNdlu, ezihlanganisa nalezi:

  • Ukwenyusa ubukhulu bendlu ukuze uthuthukise ukumelelwa kwayo
  • Ukushintsha izinqubo zokulungisa ukushisa ukuze kuncishiswe ukuqina
  • Ukushintsha imithetho yezimali yenkani ukuze kuncishiswe ithonya lemali kwezombangazwe
  • Ukulungisa imithetho yasekhaya ukuze kukhuthazwe ukubambisana ne - bipartisan
  • Ithuthukisa ukuba sobala nokutholakala komphakathi elwazini lomthetho
  • Ukushaya umthetho wezimiso zokuziphatha nokwengamela
  • Ubuchwepheshe banamuhla nesisekelo

Ukuthi lezi zinguquko zingasetshenziswa futhi kanjani kusenempikiswano eqhubekayo nokuxoxisana kwezombangazwe.

Ukuzivumelanisa Nezinselele Ezintsha

Lendlu ibhekene nezinselele ezixazululekayo ekhulwini lama - 21, kuhlanganise nokusingatha izindaba zembulunga yonke eziyinkimbinkimbi ezinjengokushintsha kwesimo sezulu nokungalondeki kwezesayensi, ukulawula ushintsho olusheshayo lwezobuchwepheshe, ukusabela ekushintsheni kwenani labantu nezimo zezenhlalo, nokugcina umphakathi uthembele ezinhlanganweni zentando yeningi. Indlela iDaio evumelana ngayo nalezi zinselele iyothonya ukuphumelela nokusebenza kwayo eminyakeni ezayo.

Ukubaluleka Kokuhlanganyela Isivumelwano Sesigqi

Ikusasa leNdlu ekugcineni lixhomeke ekuthembiseni uhulumeni ngokuzikhandla kwezakhamuzi ezinolwazi. Intando yeningi enempilo idinga izakhamuzi eziqonda indlela uhulumeni wazo osebenza ngayo, ezihlanganyela ngayo okhethweni, ezinikeza abameleli icala, futhi zihileleke ngokunenzuzo ezimpikiswaneni zasobala ngezindaba zezimiso. Ngokufunda ngendlu yabameleli nangokuhlanganyela enqubweni yentando yeningi, izakhamuzi zingasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi lenhlangano ebalulekile iqhubeke ifeza injongo yayo engokomthetho wokumelela abantu baseMelika.

Isiphetho: Indlu njengoMkhandlu wabantu

Indlu yabameleli ihlanganisa isimiso sentando yeningi yabameleli esisenkabeni kahulumeni waseMelika. Njengoba igumbi lilandisa ngokuqondile kubantu, amalungu akhethwa njalo ngemva kweminyaka emibili ukusuka ezifundeni zesizwe, iNdlu isebenza njengemoto eyinhloko yokuhumushela umphakathi enqubweni kahulumeni. Amandla ayo phezu komthetho, intela, imali, nokuphatha iwenza abe isici esibalulekile sesimiso sokuhlola nokulinganisela okuvikela inkululeko nedemokrati yaseMelika.

Ukuqonda isakhiwo sendlu, amandla, izinqubo, nendima esimisweni sikahulumeni esibanzi, `izakhamuzi ukuba zihlanganyele ngokuphumelelayo ekufuneni idemokrasi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ngokuvota, ngokuthintana nabameleli, ngokulandela izimpikiswano zomthetho, noma ngokuzibandakanya nokulawula, izakhamuzi ezinolwazi zingathonya umsebenzi wendlu futhi zisize ekuhleleni izimiso ezithinta ukuphila kwazo nemiphakathi.

Indlu yabameleli ayisona isigungu esikude, esingabonakali kodwa kunalokho indikimba eyakhiwa abameleli abakhethiwe abasebenzela futhi baphendule abantu baseMelika. Ngokuhlala benolwazi, behlangene, futhi bekhuthele enqubweni yentando yeningi, izakhamuzi zingaqinisekisa ukuthi iNdlu iyaqhubeka ifeza indima yayo engokomthetho-sisekelo njengegumbi labantu kuhulumeni waseMelika. Amandla entando yeningi ancike ezakhamuzini zaseMelika eziqonda uhulumeni wazo futhi zisebenzise amalungelo nemithwalo yemfanelo yazo njengezingxenye enqubeni yentando yeningi.

Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe ngeNdlu yabameleli, vakashela ingosi yendlu esemthethweni e www.house.gov, umthetho wokulandela i-'pal's hour'.confor'.gov[, noma uhlole imithombo yemfundo ngeSishaya-mthetho ku www.visitthecapitol.gov. Lemithombo inikeza amathuluzi ayigugu okuqonda nokuhlanganyela kulomthetho wentando yentando yeningi.