Table of Contents

Ukuqonda indlela abakhethwe ngayo amongameli kubalulekile kubo bonke abavoti abafuna ukuhlanganyela ngokunenjongo enqubweni yentando yeningi. Isimiso sokhetho lukamongameli e-United States siyinkimbinkimbi, sihilela izigaba eziningi, izimfuneko ezikhethekile zomthetho-sisekelo, nezindlela eziyingqayizivele eziwuhlukanisayo kwezinye izizwe eziningi zentando yeningi. Lo mqondisi ophelele uyokuhambisa kuzo zonke izici zokhetho lukamongameli, kusukela ezingeni lokuqala kuya phambili usuku lokumiswa, ekusizeni ukuba ube isakhamuzi esinolwazi noluthembisile.

Isisekelo: Umsebenzi Womthetho - sisekelo Wokukhethwa Komongameli

I-Electoral College yamiswa eMthethweni-sisekelo njengesivumelwano phakathi kokukhethwa kukaMongameli ngevoti eMkhandlwini nokhetho lukaMongameli ngevoti edumile yezakhamuzi ezifanelekayo. Lesimiso esiyingqayizivele sibonisa ukulinganisela okucophelelayo koFata phakathi kwemibuso kahulumeni nombuso, kanye nezinkathazo zabo ngakho kokubili ukuphambana nokuqondisa umbuso wentando yeningi.

Umongameli nesekela likamongameli abakhethwa ngokuqondile yizakhamuzi, kodwa kunalokho bakhethwa ngenqubo ye-Electoral College. Lomehluko oyisisekelo wenza ukhetho lomongameli waseMelika luhlukanise nezinye izimiso zentando yeningi futhi udala inqubo eqoqwe kaningi wonke umuntu okufanele ayiqonde.

Isizathu Sokuba I - Electoral College Ibe Khona

I-Electoral College yasungulwa yiSiphakamiso sikaFathers sokuhlehliswa ngoba izihambeli emhlanganweni wasePhiladelphia zazingavumelani ngokuthi umongameli kufanele akhethwe kanjani, elinye iqembu lingafuni ukuba iKholiji libe nalelo gunya ngoba lingaholela ekonakalani nasekuhlanganeni kwamagatsha aphethe nezokushaya umthetho, kuyilapho elinye iqembu lalingafuni abantu bakhethe umongameli ngevoti ethandwayo ngoba babekhathazekile ukuthi izakhamuzi zazingazazi kahle, ngakho i-Electoral College yamiswa ukuba isebenze njengezisebenzi zesikhashana zezikhulu ze-Presspolate noma izakhamuzi.

Isimiso Sobumongameli Nesokulungisa I - caucus

Ngaphambi kokuba kuvele ukhetho oluvamile, amaqembu ezombangazwe kumelwe akhethe izikhundla zawo ngochungechunge lwemincintiswano yesifundazwe ngesifundazwe. Ngasinye sezifunda zika-50 zase-U.S., iSithili saseColumbia, kanye namasimu amahlanu ase-United States aphethe ukhetho oluyinhloko noma izimemezelo ezinhlanu ukuze asize abantu abazongenela umongameli wase-United States, inqubo eklanyelwe ukukhetha abazocela ukubhapathizwa abazomelela amaqembu abo ezombangazwe ekukhetheni.

Ukuqonda Ukukhethwa Okuyinhloko

Izenzwe zilawulwa ngokuqondile uhulumeni wendawo. Abavoti abayinhloko bakhetha umgomo wabo abawuthandayo ngokufaka amavoloti ayimfihlo, futhi isimo lapho kugcinwa khona ngokuyinhloko sithatha imiphumela yamavoti abhekiswe kumanxusa awinayo. Lenqubo yokuvota ejwayelekile ifana nokhetho oluvamile, abavoti bephawula ukukhetha kwabo ngasese futhi baholele abavoti ngezindlela ezilondekile.

Ukhetho oluyinhloko luza ngamafomethi amaningana ahlukahlukene:

  • Ovula ama-Primetri: I-Prirmes iwuhlobo oluvame kakhulu, lapho abavoti kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bahlanganyela kuliphi iqembu bangakhetha ukuvota kunoma iliphi iqembu lombango, nakuba bengakhetha eyodwa kuphela, futhi ukuvota kusobala akubhalisi umvoti kulowombutho ohlukene.
  • Ivalekile i-Primetri: Ezingeni elivalekile, abavoti ngokuvamile kufanele babhalise kuqala neqembu, futhi bavunyelwe kuphela ukuvota kukhetho oluyinhloko lwaleloqembu.
  • Ingxenye Ivula Izindawo: amaprim avulekile ngokwengxenye ngokufanayo avumela abavoti ukuba banqamule imigqa yeqembu, kodwa kungadingeka abavoti ukuba bamemezele ukukhetha kwabo, futhi ukukhetha kwabo kungabhekwa njengohlobo lokubhalisa kweqembu.
  • Izinhlafuno ezivalekile ngokwengxenye: amaprimtri angavaliwe afana nokuvala amaprime, nomehluko wokuthi amalungu ngokwawo angakhetha ukuthi angavumela yini abavoti abangabhaliswanga noma labo abangabhaliswanga neqembu ukuba bavote ekwisici esiyinhloko.

Ukuqonda I - caucus

Imihlangano ye-Caucuuse ilawulwa amaqembu ezombangazwe aqhutshelwa esifundeni, esifundeni, noma esifundeni. Ama-Caucuuse alawulwa ngokuphelele futhi alawulwa amaqembu ezombangazwe, engenamali, engaqondisi, aqondiswe noma anikezwe uhulumeni wendawo. Lokhu kuwenza ahluke kakhulu ezingeni eliphansi kokubili enhlanganweni nasekubulaweni.

Kuyi-caucus, abathathi-nxaxheba bangase baphikisane ngabazovota, futhi inqubo yokuvota ngokwayo ingase ingenziwa ngokuvota ngokufihla; kunalokho, abavoti bangavota ngokuphakamisa izandla noma ukubuthana ngamaqembu ahlelwe yi-odmist. Ama-caucus afana kakhulu nezenzakalo zezombangazwe futhi afuna izinga eliphakeme lokuthembisa kwezombangazwe, isikhathi nokuhlanganyela, ngakho kuyamangalisa ukuthi abavoti abambalwa bathathe ingxenye ekusebenziseni izintambo zokudla.

Ababekhona eCaucus bavotela abazomsekela, futhi inani labavoti abavotayo linquma ukuthi bangaki abameleli beqembu abazothunyelwa ukuzosekela lowo mkhandlu emhlanganweni weqembu.

IKhalenda Eliyinhloko NelaseCaucus

Lezi zindawo eziphambili nezingaphucuzeki ziyashaqeka, ziqale ngo-Januwari noma ngo-February, futhi ziphele phakathi no-June phambi kokhetho oluvamile ngoNovember. Ukumiswa kwalemincintiswano kunezici ezibalulekile zenqubo yokuhlobisa.

Isenzakalo sokuqala esibophayo, lapho umuntu ozongenela umhlangano engavikela khona izihambeli zomhlangano, ngokwesiko i-Iowa caucus, ngokuvamile eqhutshwa ngasekupheleni kuka-January noma ekuqaleni kukaFebruary wonyaka wokhetho lukamongameli, futhi ngokuvamile ilandelwa yisici esiyinhloko seNew Hampshire, esiyinhloko esingokwesiko kusukela ngo 1920 nakumthetho wezwe waseNew Hampshire. Lemincintiswano yakuqala ithola ukunakekela okungalinganisi futhi ingathonya ngokuphawulekayo ukuthatheka kwalo lonke uhlanga lwamakhosi.

Ukushaqisa kwenkathi eyinhloko yomongameli kwenza abazobhapathizwa basebenzise ingcebo yabo endaweni ngayinye ezweni ngesikhathi esisodwa kunokuba babhikishe kanyekanye kuzo zonke izifundazwe, futhi kwezinye zezifunda ezingazaci abantu, lokhu kuvumela ukuba umkhankaso wenziwe ngezinga elikhulu ngokwengeziwe.

Izihambeli Nemihlangano Yesizwe

Inani lezihambeli ezinikezwe umbhalisa ngamunye eqenjini eliyinhloko noma eliyikhonzi lisekelwe emithethweni eyinkimbinkimbi ehluka ngokwezwe futhi ebekwa amaqembu ezombangazwe kokubili esilinganisweni sesizwe nesombuso. Uma izihambeli sezikhethiwe, ziyomelela umbuso wazo emihlanganweni yezizwe.

Iqembu lezombangazwe limisa ngokusemthethweni ummeleli walo ongummeli emhlanganweni wesizwe ohlobisa amagama, lapho izihambeli zikahulumeni zikhetha khona umnyunyana weqembu. Lemihlangano, eyaqhutshelwa ehlobo phambi kokhetho oluvamile, iphawula ukuqala okungokomthetho komkhankaso wokhetho.

Indlela I - Electoral College Esebenza Ngayo

Ukuqonda lo mehluko kubalulekile ekuqondeni indlela ukhetho lomongameli waseMelika olusebenza ngayo ngempela, kuyinqubo, hhayi indawo.

Isakhiwo Sekholiji Lase - Electoral

I-Electoral College inabavoti abangu-538, futhi kudingeka amavoti angu-270 ukuze kukhethwe uMongameli. Umbuso ngamunye uthola abavoti abaningi njengamalungu eSishaya-mthetho (Indlu neSigele), kuhlanganise neWashington, D.C. abavoti abathathu, manje bangama - 538.

Izwe lakho linabavoti abafanayo njengabo abameleli balo: ilungu ngalinye eGangeni labameleli kanye namaSenator amabili. Lendlela isho ukuthi abantu abaningi banevoti eyandayo, kodwa ngisho namazwe amancane kakhulu aqinisekiswe okungenani amavoti amathathu akhethiwe.

Impumelelo-Wonke uthathe i-vs. I-Alportonal

Izwe linesimiso esiwinayo esinikeza bonke abavoti abahlawulwayo abathola amavoti abasekeli be-Mongameli abawina amavoti athandwayo kaHulumeni. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kumazwe angu-48 naseWashington, D.C., othola amavoti amaningi kakhulu uzuza wonke amavoti akhethwe nguhulumeni, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imingcele yokunqoba.

Nokho, i-Maine ne Nebraska ngalinye linendlela yokumelelwa ehlukene-hlukene. EMaine nase Nebraska, umnqobi wesifunda ngasinye uklonyeliswa ngevoti eyodwa evoti, futhi umnqobi wevoti kazwelonke uklonyelelwa amavoti amabili kahulumeni asele. Lesimiso sivumela ukuba kuvele amavoti okukhetha phakathi kwabavoti.

I - Electoral College Timeline

Inqubo ye - Electoral College iyavela ezinyangeni eziningana ngemva kokhetho oluvamile:

NgoSuku Lokukhetha, abavoti eZweni ngalinye bakhetha abavoti ukuba bakhonze e-Electoral College. Uma uphonsa ifomu lakho lokuvota kumongameli, empeleni uvota ileti labavoti elithenjiswe lowo mfundi.

Umhlangano wabavoti uyenzeka ngoLwesibili lokuqala ngemva koLwesithathu lwesibili ngoDecember ngemva kokhetho oluvamile. Abavoti eMbusweni ngamunye bayahlangana ukuze bakhethe uMongameli noMongameli ophethe i-United States.

UMkhandlu uhlangana ndawonye ukuze ubale amavoti akhethiwe ngoJanuary 6 ngemva kokhetho (ngaphandle komthetho ogunyazwe uMkhandlu udlulise usuku kusuka kuMgqibelo noma ngeSonto).

Umshini odumile wokwenza ukudla okunomsila nesokudlala i - Electoral Vote

Esinye sezici eziphikisana kakhulu ne-Electoral College siwukuthi umnqobi wevoti ethandwayo yesizwe akasoloko eba umongameli. Ababhali abamahlanu emlandweni wesizwe bawina umongameli ngaphandle kokunqoba ukuvota okuthandwayo, muva kakhulu uDonald Trump ngo-2016. Umphikisi wakhe ngalowo nyaka, uHillary Clinton, wawina amavoti angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-2,8 kunoTrump ezweni lonke, kodwa walahlekelwa amanani anele abalulekile ukuze anqotshwe e-Eleornal College, 306 kuya ku-232.

Lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa yesimiso sokuwina esisetshenziswa yizifundazwe eziningi. Umfundi anganqoba izifunda ngezindawo ezisemaceleni amakhulu futhi aqoqe izigidi zamavoti angeniswanga kumavoti engeziwe, kuyilapho umphikisi wawo engawina ukunqoba okuncane kakhulu ezifundazweni eziningi futhi aqinise i-Electoral College eningi.

Ukuba Nesizo Nezimfuneko Zokubhalisa

Ukuze bahlanganyele okhethweni lukamongameli, abavoti kumelwe bahlangabezane nezimfuneko ezithile ezidinga ukuvunyelwa futhi baqede inqubo yokubhalisa. Nakuba izimfuneko ezithile zihluka ngokwezwe, kunezindinganiso ezivamile kulo lonke izwe.

Izimfuneko Eziyisisekelo Zokufaneleka

Ngokuvamile, ukuze uvote okhethweni lukahulumeni kuhlanganise nokhetho lomongameli, kumelwe:

  • Yiba isakhamuzi sase - United States
  • Nansiswa izimfuneko zokuhlala kwe-mount
  • Yiba okungenani neminyaka engu - 18 ngosuku lokukhetha
  • Khomba ubhalise ukuvota ngomkhawulo wokubhalisa kahulumeni wakho
  • Akuyona into engakufanelekeli ngenxa yokukholelwa ekutheni umuntu unecala (imithetho iyahlukahluka ngokuphawulekayo ngokwesifundazwe)
  • Inkantolo (kwezinye izindawo) ayisho ukuthi ingqondo ayikwazi ukubhekana nesimo sengqondo

Ukubhalisa ngevoter

Izifundazwe eziningi zifuna ukuba izakhamuzi zibhaliswe ngaphambi kokuba zivote. Ukubhalisa ngezikhathi ezimisiwe kuyahluka ngokombuso, kanti ezinye zivumela ukubhaliswa kosuku olufanayo kanti ezinye zidinga ukubhaliswa emasontweni ngaphambi koSuku Lokhetho. Izifunda eziningi manje zinikeza ukubhaliswa nge-intanethi, okwenza le nqubo ifinyeleleke kakhulu kunanini ngaphambili.

Uma bebhalisa, abavoti ezifundazweni eziningi bangakhetha ukujoyina iqembu lezombangazwe, babhalise njengezimele noma engeke bashaye imvume yokumisa umkhandlu othanda wona. Lokhu kukhetha kungathinta ukuthi yiluphi ukhetho oluyinhloko ofanele ukuvota kulo, kuye ngesimiso esiyinhloko sikahulumeni wakho.

Izindlela Zokusakaza

Okhetho banamuhla lunikeza izindlela eziningi zokuphonsa ibhola lakho:

  • En-Person Votion ngoSuku lokhetho: Indlela engokwesiko yokuvota endaweni oyibelwe ukuba uvote kuyo
  • Ukuqamba okungaphambili: Izifundazwe eziningi zivumela abavoti ukuba bafake amabhola phambi koSuku lokukhetha
  • Ampie Voting: Ukuthumela ngeposi uma ungakwazi ukuvota umuntu, nezimfuneko ezihlukene ngesifundazwe
  • Iposi-Eku Voniseni:[ Ezinye izifundazwe zithumela ngokuzenzekela ama-collet kubo bonke abavoti ababhaliwe

Indima Yokujikijela Izwe Nezinkundla Zempi

Inkokhelo yenkokhelo ethatha wonke umtapo ithambekele ekugxiliseni izimpi zomkhankaso kamongameli nezikhangiso ezifundeni ezimbalwa zezifundazwe ezincintisanayo, kuyilapho amazwe angaphazamisi anganakwa kakhulu. Lokhu kuthonya imikhankaso yanamuhla yomongameli futhi kuthonya indlela abafuna ukuthatha isikhathi nemali ngayo.

Izigodi ze-wing, ezibizwa futhi ngokuthi izigodlo zempi, yilezo ezithi abazozuza umkhandlu baphumelele ngempela. Lezi zifunda zithola ukunakekela okukhulu phakathi nemikhankaso ngoba zingakhokha imali elinganayo e-Electoral College. Izifunda ezivotela iqembu elilodwa njalo zithola ukuhambela komkhankaso okumbalwa kakhulu futhi zingachithi imali yokukhangisa.

Izifundazwe eziqondile ezibhekwa njengezinkundla zempi zingashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi njengoba ushintsho lwenani labantu nezombangazwe lushintsha.

Ukukhethwa Kwemali Nomongameli

Imikhankaso kamongameli ibiza kakhulu, idinga ukuba abazofuna ukuqongelela nokuchitha amakhulu ezigidi zamaRandi.

Imithombo Yomkhankaso Wokuxhasa

Abazothatha izikhundla zobumongameli baphakamisa imali ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene:

  • [ Iminikelo enikezwayo: Iminikelo evela ezakhamuzini ngazinye, engaphansi kwemingcele yomnikelo
  • [[[I-FLT:0] Izinhlangano ezithatha isinyathelo (Izi-PAC):[ eziqoqa iminikelo eqoqiwe futhi zinikele emikhankasweni
  • I-PACS:[ Amakomiti emali ezimele angaphakamisa futhi achithe imali engenamkhawulo kodwa angakwazi ukuxhumanisa ngqo nemikhankaso
  • Ingxenye yamaKomiti:[ Izinhlangano zenhlangano yesizwe neyombuso ezisekela ama-minee
  • Ukuxhasa kombuso: Ukuxhasa ngemali okuthandayo kukahulumeni kutholakala kwabazohlangabezana nezimfuneko ezithile futhi bavume ukuchitha isilinganiso

Ucwecwe nokubona ngale

Umthetho kahulumeni ufuna imikhankaso yokuveza abanikeleyo nezindleko zabo, ukudala umlando womphakathi wemisebenzi yezezimali yomkhankaso. iFederal Evolution Commission (FEC) yengamela lezimfuneko futhi yenza ukuba imininingwane yezimali yezezimali itholakale emphakathini, ivumela abavoti nezintatheli ukuba balandele ukugeleza kwemali kumongameli.

Umkhankaso Ovamile Wokukhetha

Lapho bobabili abantu abayinhloko sebekhethe ukuvelela emihlanganweni yabo yesizwe, umkhankaso wokhetho uqala ngentshiseko. Lenkathi ngokuvamile isukela ekupheleni kwehlobo kuze kube ekuqaleni kukaNovember futhi imelela impoqo yokugcina yokuwina abavoti.

Izimpikiswano Ezingomongameli

Izimpikiswano zikamongameli ziye zaba isici esiyinhloko emikhankasweni yanamuhla, zinikeza abavoti ithuba lokubona abazothatha i-presidential Debations bexoxa ngezikhundla zenqubo kanye nokuphendula imibuzo. IKhomishane ekhuluma ngoPresidential Debates, inhlangano engaphartistan, isekela izimpikiswano ezintathu zobumongameli kanye nengxoxo eyodwa yomongameli esele ekwindla ngaphambi kokhetho.

Lezinkulumo - mpikiswano zikhanga izibukeli ezinkulu zethelevishini futhi zingathonya kakhulu umbono womphakathi, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwabavoti abangahlolwanga. Ukudlala okungahleliwe ezimpikiswaneni − kokubili ngokuqondene nenqubo yenqubo kanye nemiboniso yomuntu siqu — ukushintshwa kwemijaho eseduze.

Umkhankaso

Imikhankaso yanamuhla yobumongameli isebenzisa amasu ayinkimbinkimbi ukuze ikhombe, ikholise futhi iqoqe abavoti:

  • Imisebenzi ye-Data Analytics:[ Imikhankaso isebenzisa imniningo yamavoti nezibalo zokudweba izisulu zokuhlasela inani elithile lezakhamuzi nendawo ethile
  • Umdlalo ojikelezayo: umnyango-ungena, ibhange locingo, kanye nomvoti uhamba ngempoqo ukuze wakhe ukusekela
  • Impi ye- Enkulu:[ Ithelevishini, umsakazo, kanye nokukhangisa kwemisebe ukuze kufinyelelwe izilaleli ezibanzi
  • ISACY] Media: Ukuxhumana okuqondile nabasekeli kanye nokuqukethwe amavirus
  • Imithombo yezindaba ekhuliswe kahle: Ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwezindaba ngezenzakalo, izitatimende, kanye nemisebenzi yomkhankaso
  • Phuma- Ngaphandle-iVote (GOTV): Imizamo enzima ezinsukwini zokugcina ukuqinisekisa abasekeli ukuba baphonse amavoloti ngempela

Usuku Lokukhetha Nangemva Kwalo

Lolu khetho lwangoMsombuluko luqhutshwa ngoLwesibili ngemva koMsombuluko wokuqala ngo - November, isiko elaqala ngekhulu le - 19. ekuqaleni kwakhethwa ukuba kuhlaliswe ikhalenda lezolimo nezikhathi zokuhamba ezweni lasemaphandleni.

Ukubala Nemiphumela

Ngobusuku bokukhetha, izinhlangano zezindaba zilandela imiphumela njengoba zivela ezindaweni zokuhlola ezweni lonke. Nakuba imiphumela engekho ngokomthetho itholakala ngamahora ambalwa ezifundazweni eziningi, ukubhalisa imvume kuthatha isikhathi eside. Umbuso ngamunye unenqubo yawo yokubala amavoti, ukuqinisekisa imiphumela, nokuqinisekisa umphumela.

Okhethweni oluseduze, imiphumela yokugcina ezifundazweni zezihluthu ingaze yaziwe izinsuku noma ngisho namasonto ngemva koSuku Lokhetho, ikakhulukazi uma izinombolo ezinkulu zama-posi-ibhola okucosha kumele zikhishwe. Ama-callet angaqala ngokuzenzakalela emijahweni esondele kakhulu noma abacela ngaphansi kwemithetho efingqiwe kahulumeni.

Inkathi Yokushintsha

Ngemva kokunqunywa kokhetho, inkathi yokushintsha iqala lapho umongameli ohlelayo elungiselela khona ukuthatha isikhundla. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukukhetha amalungu eKhabhinethi nezinye izikhulu eziyinhloko, ukuthola izithakazelo zokuhlakanipha, kanye nokuhlela izimiso eziphambili. Inqubo yokushintsha iklanyelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuqhubekeka kombuso nokulondeka kwesizwe.

Ukuvulwa Komnqumo

Umongameli ufungela isikhundla ngoJanuary 20 ngemva kokhetho, njengoba kufunwa iSichibiyelo sama 20 soMthetho-sisekelo. Umkhosi wokumisa, owenziwa ngokwesiko ezinyathelweni ze-Capitol yase-U.S., uphawula ukuqala okungokomthetho kwenkathi entsha yobumongameli kanye nokudluliselwa ngokuthula kwamandla ayisibonakaliso sentando yeningi yaseMelika.

Izici Eziyinhloko Ezithonya Ukukhethwa Komongameli

Ukuqonda ukuthi yini ebangela imiphumela yokukhetha kusiza abavoti ukuba bacabange ngemikhankaso nemiphumela.

Izimo Zezomnotho

Isimo sezomnotho ngokuvamile siyisici esisodwa esibaluleke kakhulu kukhetho lukamongameli. Abaholi bathambekele ekuvuzeni amaqembu anezimo ezinzima lapho umnotho uqinile futhi ubajezise lapho izimo zezomnotho zingezinhle. Amazinga okungasebenzi, ukwehla kwamandla emali, ukukhuphuka kweholo, kanye nokuqiniseka kwezomnotho konke izinqumo zabavoti abanethonya.

Izimfanelo Ezifanele Nezimfanelo Ezinhle

Izimfanelo zomuntu siqu zabazokuvota zibaluleke kakhulu:

  • [[I-FLT:0] Ikhono lokwehlisa i-ankile: iqonda amakhono okwenza izinqumo
  • Uphawu nobuqotho: Ukwethembeka, ukwethembeka, nezindinganiso zezimiso
  • Isizinda: Isizinda kuhulumeni, inkonzo yezempi, noma ezinye izindawo ezihlobene
  • [[QULT:0] Amakhono okuhlanganisa: ikhono lokuhlaziya ukubona nokuxhumana nabavoti
  • [[Umthetho:0] Ilungelo lokuthola ukulingana: ukufudumala nokuphinde kutholakale

Ukuchaza Iqembu Nokulichaza

AmaMelika amaningi avumelana noma ancike komunye wamaqembu amabili ayinhloko, futhi lokhu kuhlanganyela kubikezela ngokuqinile ukuziphatha kokuvota.

Izikhundla Nezindaba Ezingokomthetho

Nakuba ukubonakala kweqembu kunamandla, izikhundla eziqondile ezindabeni eziyinhloko zithonya futhi abavoti.

  • Isimiso sokunakekela impilo
  • Isimiso sezomnotho nentela
  • Ukufuduka
  • Ukulondeka kwesizwe nenkambiso yakwamanye amazwe
  • Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu nokuvikelwa kwendawo ezungezile
  • Imfundo
  • Izindaba zomphakathi ezihlanganisa ukukhipha isisu namalungelo e - LGBTQ
  • Ukwahlulela ngokulunga kobugebengu namaphoyisa

I - “voter Turtout ”

Ubani ngempela ongaba ngobalulekile ngendlela abantu abavota ngayo. I-Friffout ihluka kakhulu phakathi kwamaqembu ahlukene amanani abantu nasukela kukhetho ukuya kokhetho. Imikhankaso itshala imali eshisiwe ekubutheni abasekeli bayo ukuze baqiniseke ukuthi balahla amavoti. Izici ezithinta ukuvota zihlanganisa:

  • Ukushisekela abazobhapathizwa
  • Ukuncipha kokuvota (izimfuneko zokubhalisa, ukuhlola kubeka ukutholakala, ukukhetha kokhetho kwasekuqaleni)
  • Isimo Sezulu Ngosuku Lokukhetha
  • Ukuncintisana komncintiswano
  • Izici ze - demographial (inkathi, imfundo, iholo)

Ukusakazwa Kwemithombo Yezindaba Nokusizungezile Kokwaziswa

Indlela abavoti abafunda ngayo ngemibono nezinqumo zabo. Indawo yokwaziswa yanamuhla ihlanganisa imithombo yezindaba engokwesiko, imithombo yezindaba, iziteshi zokuxhumana, izikhungo zokukhipha izinhlangano, nokuxhumana okuqondile emikhankasweni. Ukuhlukana kwemithombo yezindaba kuye kwadala isayensi yezokuxhumana ehlukahlukene yabavoti abahlukahlukene, okungase kuqinise izinkolelo ezikhona kunokuba kuchaye abantu ezimweni ezihlukahlukene.

Izimpikiswano Nezinguquko

Ukuqonda lezimpikiswano kusiza abavoti ukuba bacabange ngokucophelela ngendlela isimiso esisebenza ngayo nendlela esingase sithuthukiswe ngayo.

Izingxoxo Ezisekholijini I - Electoral

Inzuzo yesimiso samakolishi okuvota iye yaba indaba yempikiswano eqhubekayo e - United States kusukela lapho yasungulwa eMhlanganweni Womthetho - sisekelo ngo - 1787, yaqala ukuphikisana ngokwengeziwe eminyakeni yokugcina yekhulu le - 19, kuze kube namuhla.

Abagxeki be - Electoral College baphikisa ngokuthi:

  • Kungaphumela ekunqotshweni kokhetho oluthandwayo
  • Inikeza ithonya elikhulu kakhulu ekuvuseleleni amazwe kuyilapho ilulaza abavoti emazweni angaphazanyiswanga
  • Inikeza amazwe amancane anethonya eliningi kunamazwe amakhulu
  • Iveza ithuba lokuba "kuvoti abangakholwa" abangavoti njengaqinisekisiwe

Abavikeli be - Electoral College baphikisa ngokuthi:

  • Ilondoloza ubuzwe ngokuqinisekisa izifunda ezisemqoka okhethweni lukamongameli
  • Abahlolwa bavimbele ukuba bagxile kuphela ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi ezisemadolobheni
  • Kudingeka abazobhapathizwa bakhe imifelandawonye ehlukahlukene ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene
  • Kunikeza umphumela ocacile nowujuqu okhethweni olukhulu

Izinguquko Zesimiso Esiyinhloko

Abanye bathi i - Iowa neNew Hampshire, amazwe amancane namhlophe kakhulu, baye banqoba ithonya ngokuvota kuqala. Abanye bathi inkathi eyinhloko ethatha isikhathi eside ikhandla futhi ibiza kakhulu, futhi idumaza abazothatha isikole abafanelekayo.

Izinguquko ezihlongozwayo zihlanganisa:

  • Ukushintsha ukuthi yimaphi amavoti okuqala
  • Izifunda lapho zonke izifunda zivota khona ngosuku olulodwa
  • Usuku oluyinhloko lwesizwe
  • Ukukhipha ama - cauclear ukuze atholakale kakhudlwana

Ukuthola Nokuqondisa Kokhetho

Izimpikiswano ngokuvota zihilela ukulinganisela ukulondeka kokhetho nokuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izakhamuzi ezifanelekayo zingavota.

  • Izimfuneko zokuhlukanisa
  • Izimiso zokuvota nokuvota zakuqala
  • Izinqubo zokubhalisa ngamavoter, kuhlanganise nokubhalisa okuzenzekelayo
  • Ukubuyiselwa kwamalungelo okuvota abantu abanecala lecala
  • Ukungcolisa izindawo namahora
  • Ukulondeka kokhetho nobuchwepheshe bokuvota

Indlela Yokuba Umshini Okwaziyo Ukusebenza

Ukuqonda abaqondisi bokhetho lukamongameli kumane kuyisinyathelo sokuqala. Ukuba umvoti onolwazi, oboshiwe kudinga umzamo oqhubekayo nokucabanga okugxekayo.

Ukucwaninga Nezindaba

Zinike isikhathi sokufunda ngezizinda, ulwazi, nezikhundla zenkambiso. Imithombo ewusizo ihlanganisa:

  • Amawebhusayithi omkhankaso wesonto nezinto zokwakha ezingokomthetho
  • Umvoti ongavoti abaqondisi abavela ezinhlanganweni ezinjengeNhlangano Yabesifazane
  • Amawebhusayithi ahlola iqiniso ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi lokho okushiwo emikhankasweni
  • Izindaba ezisakazwa ngemithombo eminingi zinezimo ezingafani
  • Izimpikiswano zamakheyisi namahholo amadolobha
  • Ukulanda amarekhodi abazothatha izikhundla

Ukwaziswa Okuthathwe Ngokubucayi

Enkathini yokungaqondi kahle nokungaqondi, kubalulekile ukuhlaziya ukwaziswa ngokugxeka:

  • Cabanga ngomthombo wokwaziswa nokukhetha okungase kwenzeke
  • Funa imithombo yokuqala kunokuthembela kuma - akhawunti adlule
  • Ungabaze ukusho okuvusa isithakazelo futhi ukuqinisekise ngemithombo eminingi
  • Umehluko phakathi kokubika izindaba nokuhlaziya imibono
  • Qaphela ubandlululo lwakho futhi ufune imibono ehlukahlukene

Qonda imithetho eqondile kahulumeni wakho

Izinqubo zokukhetha ziyahlukahluka ngokwesifundazwe, ngakho zijwayelane:

  • Izinsuku ezinqunyiwe zokubhalisa nokusebenza
  • Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isimo sakho sivuliwe noma sivaliwe
  • Ukuvota nokuvota kwakuqala
  • Indawo ohlola kuyo namahora
  • Ikuphi ukubonakala okudinga ukukuletha ukuze uvote
  • Indlela yokuhlola izinga lokubhalisa kwakho

Ukuhlanganyela Ngaphandle Kokujabula

Intando yeningi idinga okungaphezu nje kokufaka ivoti njalo eminyakeni emine.

  • Zimisele ngokuzithandela ukukhankasa noma ukusekela
  • Yiya emahholo asemadolobheni nasezindaweni zokuhlangana
  • Xhumana nezikhulu ezikhethiwe ngezindaba ezibalulekile kuwe
  • Xoxani ngezombusazwe ngenhlonipho nabantu abanemibono engafani
  • Abavoti abasizayo noma bahlele izinto zokuhamba ezizohlolwa
  • Hlala wazi ngezombangazwe nenqubo phakathi kokhetho

Ukubaluleka Kokukhethwa Komongameli

Ukhetho lobumongameli luyizikhathi ezibalulekile embusweni wentando yeningi waseMelika. Umongameli usebenza njengenhloko kahulumeni, umphathi kahulumeni, umphathi wamabutho ahlomile, olawula kakhulu imithetho yasekhaya, izindaba zangaphandle, kanye nesiqondiso sesizwe.

Izinqumo zomongameli zithinta cishe zonke izici zokuphila kwaseMelika, kusukela kwezezomnotho nakwezempilo kuya kwezemfundo, indawo ezungezile, nokulondeka kwesizwe. Umongameli umisa amajaji kahulumeni, kuhlanganise namajaji eNkantolo Ephakeme asebenzela ukuphila nomthetho womthetho womthetho wezomthetho wezizukulwane. Iziqondiso eziphethe, izimiso zokuqondisa, kanye nokuhlela izinto eziza kuqala zisuka ekuholeni komongameli.

Ngaphandle kwezimiso eziqondile, ababusi bamisa indlela yezinkulumo zesizwe futhi bamelela izindinganiso zaseMelika kokubili ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe.

Isiphetho: Izwi Lakho, Izwi Lakho

Isimiso sokhetho lukamongameli waseMelika siyinkimbinkimbi, njengoba izigaba eziningi zisukela eziprimies nasezindaweni ezivulekile ze - Electoral College zize zivulwe.

Ukhetho ngalunye lukamongameli lumelela ithuba lezakhamuzi lokuhlela ikusasa lezwe. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uvota okokuqala noma okwesonyaka, izindaba zakho zokuhlanganyela. Ukubusa ngentando yeningi kuxhomeke elwazini, izakhamuzi eziboshelwe ukuthatha ngokungathi sína umthwalo wazo wokukhetha abaholi ngokuhlakanipha.

Ngokuqonda inqubo yokuvota, ukucwaninga abazovota kanye nezimpikiswano, ukucabanga ngokugxeka ngokwaziswa, futhi empeleni uphonsa ivoti yakho, ufeza indima yakho njengesakhamuzi emphakathini wentando yeningi. Ilungelo lokuvota liyilungelo nomthwalo wemfanelo — okuye kwalwiwa ngabantu abangenakubalwa ukuvikela nokwandisa kuwo wonke umlando waseMelika.

Njengoba ulungiselela ukhetho lukamongameli olulandelayo, khumbula ukuthi uvota wakho yizwi lakho ekunqumeni ukuthi ubani ozohola isizwe.

Imithombo Yengcebo Eyengeziwe Yabaqongeleli

Ukuze ufunde okwengeziwe ngokhetho lukamongameli nangendlela yokuhlanganyela, cabangela ukuhlola lemithombo enegunya:

  • USA.gov Evolutions: ulwazi olusemthethweni lukahulumeni wase-U.S. oluphathelene nokuvota nokhetho
  • [FLT]] Izinqolobane zesizwe ze-Electoral College: ulwazi olunika ulwazi ngenqubo ye-Electoral College
  • U.S.U.U.S. Commission yoMnyango wokhetho: Imithombo ekuqondiseni ukhetho nokuvota
  • I-Prom Women Voters: i-Nopartisan provota mfundo kanye nokuvota
  • [[FLT]] VOTE411: ulwazi lokubhalisa nokuqondisa okubhekiswa ku- Voter

Le mithombo inikeza ukwaziswa okunokwethenjelwa, okungekho kwelayisensi ukuze ikusize usebenzise inqubo yokukhetha futhi wenze izinqumo zolwazi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ufuna ukuqonda okhethweni, abacwaningi, noma ukuthola indawo ohlola kuyo, lezinhlangano zinikeza ukusekela okuwusizo ekuthembiseni ukuba izakhamuzi.

Ukhetho lobumongameli luchaza izikhathi zentando yeningi yaseMelika. Ngokuqonda indlela abasebenza ngayo futhi bahlanganyele ngayo, ufaka iqhaza emsebenzini oqhubekayo wohulumeni abayinhloko yokuzama kweMelika.