Izwe Elibusayo Elinohlaka Olungokomthetho ENdiya

Ukuthola indawo eNdiya kulawulwa ngokuyinhloko Ilungelo lokufaka i-Fair Compisetion kanye nokubona ngaphaya kwe-Land Acconsition, Rehabilitation and Reparency Act, 2013 (Umthetho we-LARR). Lomthetho wathatha indawo ye-Land Accoution Act ka-18949, waveza ukubonakala okucace ngokwengeziwe, okunganqamukiyo, nokusondela kwabantu abaphakathi. Umthetho we LAR uhlose ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amapulazi ayathola imbuyiselo elungile, ukuthi imiphakathi ibuyiselwe ngokufanelekile, nokuthi leyo nqubo iyaqhubeka isuka ekuqaleni kuya ekupheleni.

Amalungiselelo OMthetho Ayinhloko

ILAR Act ihlanganisa amalungiselelo amaningana abalulekile aklanyelwe ukuvikela amalungelo abanikazi bezindawo nemikhaya ethintekile emsebenzini:

  • Impatho ye-social Impact Assessment (SIA): Ukuhlolwa okuphoqelelwe kokuhlola imiphumela yezenhlalo, yezomnotho, neyomphakathi ehlongozwayo yokuthola indawo ngaphambi kokuba kukhishwe noma isiphi isaziso.
  • Izimfuneko ezivunyelweyo:[ Emikhankasweni yangasese, kuyadingeka ukuvuma cishe ku-80% yabanikazi bendawo abathintekile; emikhankasweni yobudlelwane bomphakathi, imvume esukela ku-70% iyabopheka.
  • Ukuhlanganisa:[ Abanikazi bamazwe banelungelo lokukhokhelwa ngokuphindwe kane inani lentengo emaphandleni futhi liphinde kabili inani lentengo ezindaweni zasemadolobheni, kanye ne-solatium nezinye izinzuzo.
  • [[I-FLT:0] Ukuhlaziywa kanye nokubuyiselwa (R&R): Imikhaya ethintekayo kumelwe ithole i R&R amaphakethe agcwele iR hlanganise nezindlu, umsebenzi, kanye nezakhiwo zesisekelo.
  • Abaphathi bezwe elivikelweyo: isifunda ngasinye sinezikhulu ezimisiwe eziphathiswe ukuphatha ukuhlanganiswa nokuqinisekiswa komthetho.
  • Ukubuya eZweni elingasasebenzi:[ Uma indawo etholakalayo ingasetshenziswa iminyaka emihlanu, kumelwe ibuyiselwe kubaphathi bayo bokuqala noma kuhulumeni wezwe.

Izinyathelo Endleleni Yokuthola Inhlabathi

Inqubo yokuthola indawo ngaphansi koMthetho we LARR ihlanganisa izigaba eziningana ezihlukene, ngayinye eklanyelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lobu bubanzi bubonakala, bulungile futhi busemthethweni. Ukuqonda lezi zinyathelo kubalulekile kubanikazi, abakhi bezwe nakubenzi bezomthetho abahilelekile ekuhwebelaneni ngezwe.

Ukuchaza nokwazisa kuqala

Le nqubo iqala lapho inkampani kahulumeni noma inhlangano egunyaziwe iveza indawo edingeke ngenjongo yomphakathi. Uhulumeni unikeza ukwaziswa kokwandulela ngaphansi kwe-Candelo 11 le LAR Act. Lesi saziso sihlanganisa imininingwane yezwe, injongo yokuthola, nosuku lokuphikisa. Ikhishwa emahhovisi eziphathimandla, amaphephandaba endawo, kanye nama-pankayat ukuqinisekisa ukuqashelwa okukhulu. Abani banezinsuku ezingu-60 zesaziso sokumelana namafayela phambi komqophi.

Ukuhloba Nokuvuma Ithonya Lomphakathi

Ngasikhathi sinye, uhulumeni uqhuba i-Social Impact Assessment (SIA) egunyazwe yi-LARR Act. I-SIA ihlola ithonya lokuzuza ukuphila kwemikhaya ethintekile, izinto zokuziphilisa zendawo, izakhiwo zomphakathi, nezindawo zendawo ezizungezile. Ukuhlolwa kuqhutshwa yinhlangano ezimele emiswe uhulumeni. Umbiko we-SIYA unikezwa umphakathi, futhi ukuthethwa komphakathi kuqinisekisiwe. Ngokusekelwe kuyi-SIA, uhulumeni unquma ukuthi iprojekiti liyaphila yini nokuthi kufanele yini liqhubeke. Imisebenzi yangasese kanye nokuhlangana komphakathi, kuthola imvume efunekayo kumnini-mhlaba (80% noma 70%) ngaphambi kokuba iqhubeke.

3. Isimemezelo Sokugcina Nokuzimisela

Ngemva kokuqeda i-SIA, ukuphendula ukuphikisa, nokuthola imvume edingekile, uhulumeni ukhipha isimemezelo sokugcina ngaphansi kwe-Candelo 19 loMthetho we LAR. Lesi simemezelo sihlela ngokomthetho ukuhlanganiswa kokuhamba. Khona - ke umnini-Provice unquma imbuyiselo esekelwe entengoni yentengo njengesikhathi sesaziso sokuqala. Amalungiselelo angeziwe ahlanganisa:

  • Ukuhlolwa kwenani lentengo yezentengiselwano: Kusekelwe entengo ephakeme yezwe elifanayo endaweni, isilinganiso esiphakeme samaphesenti angu - 50 ezincwadi zokuthengisa, noma inani elinqunywa igunya likahulumeni lokuphatha izitembu, noma yiliphi eliphakeme.
  • ISolatium: 100% yenkokhelo njengenduduzo yokuthola imali ngempoqo.
  • Izinzuzo ezengeziwe: 12% ngenombolo kusukela osukwini lwesaziso esandulelayo kuze kube usuku lomklomelo.
  • I - R& R imvume: Umkhaya ngamunye othintekile uthola indlu, amathuba omsebenzi, nemali onyaka owodwa.

Umklomelo Nempahla

Lapho isinxephezelo sesinqunyiwe, umqoqi wemali wenza umklomelo ngaphansi kwengxenye 23, echaza imbuyiselo neR &R kumnini-mhlaba ngamunye. Abanikazi banikezwa ithuba lokwamukela umklomelo noma lokuncintisana nawo enkantolo. Ngemva kokuba sekwenziwe, uhulumeni uthatha indawo. Kodwa, ifa alikhokhwa kuze kube yilapho kukhokhelwa bonke abanini-mhlaba abathintekile.

Imininingwane Yokubala

Ukuhlanganiswa ngaphansi komthetho we LARR kupha kakhulu kakhulu kunangaphansi komthetho wokuqala. Ukubala kulandela indlela elandela amasitebhisi amaningi:

  • Inani lephawu le- i-Market:[ Inqunywe yisibalo sesangqa, izivumelwano zokuthengisa ezibhaliwe, noma umbiko we-aspectritor okhokhelwe, noma isiphi iscietina esinikeza inani eliphakeme kakhulu.
  • -i-Multiple: Indawo yasemaphandleni ithola inani eliphindwe kane kwentengo yemakethe; indawo yasedolobheni ithola iphindwe kabili.
  • [[UMTH:0] I-Lolatium: 100% yenani lentengiselwano kanye nenani eliphindwe kane.
  • Intest:[ 12% ngenombolo kusukela osukwini lwezaziso zokuqala ukuya osukwini lomklomelo.
  • Isinxephezelo sokufakelwa: 12% ngenani lentengiselwano yentengiselwano yenkathi yokushenxiswa.

Ngokwesibonelo, uma isiza sasemaphandleni sinenani lemakethe leR. 10 lakhs, imbuyiselo ingaba iR. 40 lakhs (ngemva kokuba ubale) kanye neR. 40 lakhs solatium, ingqikithi R. 80 lakhs, kanye nenzalo neR&R.

Izinselele Enqubweni Yokuthola Izwe

Naphezu kwesimiso esiqinile esingokomthetho, ukuthola indawo eNdiya kuyaqhubeka kubhekene nezinselele ezinkulu ezibambezela imisebenzi futhi zibangele izingxabano.

Izinselele Ezivamile

  • Ulibaziselo eMhlelweni: Inqubo ende yokuqhuba i-SIA, ukuthola imvume, nokuxazulula ukuphikisa kuthatha iminyaka eminingana, kubambezele imisebenzi yezemisebenzi yezemisebenzi enzima.
  • Isho izihloko zezwe:[ amarekhodi ezwe, izinombolo eziningi zokuthi i-athom, kanye nokuhlala kunezici ezikhona kudala izinkinga ekunqumeni abanikazi abafanele.
  • I- I-Acensemente elinganayo: Naphezu kwendlela yokuhlola, inani lentengo yezentengiselwano ngokuvamile engaphansi kwezwe lenani eliphansi, eholela ezimpikiswaneni nasekuhlawulweni. Abanikazi bamazwe bavame ukuzwa ukuthi isinxephezelo asibonisi inani lempahla yabo lesikhathi esizayo.
  • Izinkinga zokulungisa:[ Imikhaya eminingi ethintekile ibika izindlu ezingafanele, ukuntuleka kwamathuba omsebenzi, nokuphazamiseka komphakathi ngemva kokuphinde uthathe indawo.
  • Non-awuyi-SIA: Eminye imisebenzi kubikwa ukuthi idlulisa noma isebenzise i-social Impact Assess ezihloselwe ukufinyeza ukufinyeza, ululaza injongo yomthetho.
  • I-Internective ewumbuyiselo: ngokuvamile kuba yimpikiswano yezombangazwe, eholela ekubhikisheni, ekuhlaseleni, nasezimpini ezingokomthetho ezibambezele izakhiwo.

Ukuhlola Icala Okuphawulekayo

I- Akukho ukuvuselelwa kwempikiswano yendawo [ kuyisibonelo esivelele lapho izinkulungwane zabalimi zaphikisana khona nenqubo yokuthola, ziveza imbuyiselo engafanele nokuntuleka kwemvume efanele. INkantolo Ephakeme ngo-2018 yasusa ukutholakala komhlaba wamahekthare angu-153 eMgudrount Noida, iphawula ukungahlangani nemvume nezimiso ze-LARR. Lendaba igcizelela ukubaluleka kokunamathela ngokuqinile ezimisweni ezingokomthetho.

Esinye isici esibalulekile umsebenzi wensimbi e-Odisha, owabhekana nomkhosi iminyaka eminingi we-lithilithi nobhikisho emiphakathini yendawo ethatha indawo nokuthatha indawo. Lo msebenzi wahoxiswa ekugcineni ngemva kokuhluleka ukuvikela indawo nendawo, uqokomisa izinkimbinkimbi ze-sociotic ezisendaweni enkulu.

Izinguquko Nokusetshenziswa Kwazo Ngemishini

Ukuze kuxazululwe lezi zinselele, uhulumeni waseNdiya uye waletha izinguquko eziningana ezihloselwe ukuthungatha indawo, uthuthukise ukubonakala kwezwe nokunciphisa izingxabano.

Ukusetshenziswa Kwezinombolo Zomlando Wezwe

I- Digaal India Records Modernization Programme (DILRMP) ihlose ukuhlanganisa amarekhodi ezwe ezweni lonke, iwenze atholakale kalula futhi anciphe izakhiwo ezinazo. Amazwe anjenge Karnataka, iMaharashtra, neGujarat asebenzise ngokuphumelelayo izimiso zamarekhodi zamazwe olayini, asiza abanikazi ukuba babuke futhi bahlole imibhalo yabo noma kuphi. Lokhu kunciphisa ukukhomba nokushekela kokukhomba amapulazi ngesikhathi sokungena.

Ukuncishiswa Kwezinhlelo Zokwamukelwa

Uhulumeni usungule izindlela zokususa ifasitela elilodwa lemisebenzi yezesisekelo, kuhlanganise nokuthola imvume yendawo. Isimiso se-National Window Squality (NSWS) ivumela abathuthukisi bemisebenzi ukuba bafake izicelo zemvume ehlukahlukene ku-inthanethi, banciphise ukulibala kokulawula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, PM GSATI National Program Plan[[ uhlela izwe ngeprojekthi yezekethi yokwakha ukuhlukanisa nokulungisa ukuhlelwa kwemisebenzi eminingi yezekwakhelo.

Imishini Evuselelwe Yokulungisa Imishini

I-LARR Act inikeza ukumiswa kwe- Land Accotion, Rehabilitation and Renation Authority esifundeni sesifunda ukuze kuhlangane. Izifunda eziningana zimise iziphathimandla ezinjalo ukuze zilungise isinqumo sokuphikisana. Uhulumeni usungule futhi amagebhudu asemahhala e-inthanethi e-panel efuna ukunqanda ukukhokhwa nokukhokha imbuyiselo, kuqinisekisa ukuthi i-injini ye-intelligate i-beat.

Ukucwila Kwenhlabathi Nezimo Zokulungisa Izwe

Abanye basho ukuthi njengoGujarat noMaharastra baye bazama ukuhlanganisa indawo kanye nezindawo zokulungisa, lapho abanikazi bezindawo benikela khona ingxenye yezwe labo ukuze bathuthukise futhi bathole amapulani athuthukisiwe. Lokhu kunciphisa isidingo sokuthola impoqo futhi kuqinisekise abanikazi bezindawo ukuba balondoloze inani elithile ekuthuthukeni. I-Delhi Development Authority (DDA) Authoric Policy[[ iyisibonelo esiphawulekayo esihloselwe ukuhlanganisa abemi bendawo njengabasizi bentuthuko edolobheni.

Amalungelo Abanikazi Bezindawo Namakhambi Angokomthetho

Abanikazi bezindawo abathinteka ngokuthola amalungelo amaningana namakhambi angokomthetho atholakalayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukwelashwa nokukhokhwa ngokufanele.

Amalungelo Ngaphansi Kwesenzo Se - LARR

  • Isokudla ukuzwakala:[ Abanikazi bamazwe bangafaka ukwenqaba ukuthola phakathi nezinsuku eziyi 60 zesaziso sokuqala.
  • [[UMTL:0] u-engakwesokudla ekukhokheleni okungalingani: Ukukhokhelwa njengendlela emisiwe, kuhlanganise ne-solatium nenzalo.
  • Ilungelo lokuhlala nokusebenza: Wonke umkhaya othintekile unelungelo lokuya endlini namathuba omsebenzi njengengxenye yephakethe leR&R.
  • [ Ilungelo lokubekela umklomelo inselele: Abanikazi bamazwe bangafaka isicelo phambi kweLand Acquisition, ukubuyisana neSigunya lokubuyisa noma iNkantolo Ephakeme ibekela inselele yenkokhelo noma ukutholakala ngokwayo.
  • ngakwesokudla ukubuya endaweni engasetshenziswa: Uma indawo etholakalayo ingasetshenziselwa injongo eshiwo phakathi neminyaka emihlanu, abanikazi bangafuna ukubuya kwayo.

Izindlela Ezingokomthetho Zokuba Abanini - maZwe

Uma umnikazi wendawo ekholelwa ukuthi ukutholakala kwakhe kungekho emthethweni, isinxephezelo asinele, noma inqubo ingalandelwa, bangathatha izinyathelo ezilandelayo:

  • ukwenqaba kwamafayela: Phonsa ukwenqaba phambi komqoqi phakathi nenkathi emisiwe.
  • Funa ukwaziswa:[ Sebenzisa ilungelo ku-Information (RTI) Act ukuthola imininingwane nge-SIA, amazinga emvume, nezibalo zembuyiselo.
  • [ qapha iGunya: Isicelo phambi kwezwe eliququlweyo, ukubuyisana negunya lokubuyisela indawo esifundeni.
  • [[I- I-Applications ezinkantolo eziphezulu:[ Uma unganelisekile, ukudlulisa isikhalo eNkantolo Ephakeme noma eNkantolo Ephakeme.
  • I-engage kwiSithako somphakathi (PIRI): emacaleni ahilela ukwephulwa kwesilinganiso esikhulu, izakhamuzi zingafaka i-PIL eNkantolo Ephakeme noma eNkantolo Ephakeme.

Indima Yabaqaphi Nabathuthukisi Bezomthetho

Abaqaphi nabathuthukisi bafeza indima ebalulekile enqubweni yokuthola indawo, beqiniseka ukuthi bavumelana nezimfuneko ezingokomthetho futhi bavikela izithakazelo zamakhasimende abo.

Kubantu Abaqagela Ngokomthetho

Abagada abaqasha i-gallery ekutholeni indawo badinga ukuhlala beshintshwe izinguquko zamuva nezinqumo zenkantolo. Baluleka abanikazi bendawo ngamalungelo abo, basiza ekunqandeni ukuboshelwa empini, bamele abathengi phambi kwe-Gunyane, futhi baphathe i-paligamenti. Izindawo eziyinhloko zokuhlola zihlanganisa ukuqinisekisa imibiko ye-SIA, ukubala imbuyiselo elinganiselwe, kanye nokuxoxa kwabanini-mhlaba abaningi.

Ngabathuthukisi

Abathuthukisi kumelwe baqinisekise ukuthi imisebenzi yabo ivumelana namalungiselelo e-LAR Act, ikakhulukazi izimfuneko zemvume ne-R&R izibopho. Ukuhlangana nemiphakathi yendawo kusenesikhathi, ukuqhuba i-SIA, nokugcina ukukhulumisana okukhanyayo kungavimbela izingxabano. Abathuthukisi bavame ukusebenza namaqembu angokomthetho ukubamba inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi, ukuthola i-crediation, kanye nendawo elondekile ngaphandle kokuzichaza.

[[UMTL:0] Ama-harashtra State Records Portal inikeza imithombo eyigugu yokuqinisekisa izihloko zezwe nokuhlola imininingwane yobunikazi, okubalulekile kubathuthukisi phakathi nenkuthalo efanele.

Iziqondiso Nezituso Zesikhathi Esizayo

Ukuthola indawo ezungezile eNdiya kuyashintshashintsha. Ukwenza lenqubo iphumelele futhi ibe nesizotha, kunezinyathelo eziningana ezituswayo:

  • [ Gqinisa i-IA Irobist: ukuphathwa kwe-SI ngokuzimele ukuqinisekisa ukuthi iphelele futhi ayihlelwanga.
  • Ubuchwepheshe obuthathekayo: Sebenzisa ibalazwe leGIS, iziqobo ze-creads, kanye nezindawo ze-inthanethi zokuhlola intuthuko yokuthola ukuze kuncishiswe ukonakala nokubambezela.
  • Izindlela zokufaka umshini wokwenza i- Connhance Confdance mechans: ezibonisayo ukuqinisekisa imvume, kuhlanganise nokusayina kwe-minumbers kanye nokulalela komphakathi.
  • Ukuhlela R& Ukuhlola: kumiswa amakomiti okuhlola azimele ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amaphakethe okubuyisela ushintsho asetshenziswa ngokuphumelelayo.
  • [ Izwe lePromote Polling: khuthaza izifekethiso zezwe zokuzithandela ukuhlanganisa indawo lapho kungenzeka khona ukunciphisa izingxabano.
  • [[UMTL:0] Ukwandisa i-Piblic Awareness:[ Ukuziphatha kushabhu futhi kusakaze izinto zokwaziswa ezifundisa abanikazi bamazwe ngamalungelo abo ngaphansi kwe-LARR Act.

Ukuze kufundwe ngokwengeziwe ngezindlela ezingcono kakhulu, i-NITI Aayog iye yashicilela imibiko ephathelene nokuthola izinguquko emhlabeni, kanye ne- Code ye-India [ inikeza umbhalo ogcwele we-LAR Act kanye neziphendulo zayo.

Isiphetho

Ukuqonda inqubo engokomthetho yokuthola indawo eNdiya kubalulekile kubo bonke abaphethe izindleko zokuthengiselana ngezwe. I-LAR Act ka-2013 inikeza uhlelo olubanzi oluklanyelwe ukulinganisela ukukhula kwamalungelo abanikazi bezindawo nezindawo ezithintekile. Nakuba izinselele ezinjengokulibala, izingxabano, nokukhokha okungadingekile, izinguquko eziqhubekayo nezinyathelo zezobuchwepheshe zezesayensi zithuthukisa isimiso. Ngokuhlala benolwazi ngemithetho, izinqubo, nentuthuko zamuva, abanikazi bangaqinisekisa ukuthi bayalalela, futhi abasunguli bemithetho inganikeza ukukhomba okuphumelelayo. Ekugcineni, inqubo yokuthola indawo esobala nengalinganiswangalinganiyo inzuzo ezuzisa umphakathi nabantu ngabanye, yenza intuthuko ehambisana nokuhlonipha amalungelo ayisisekelo ezakhamuzini.