Ukuthola ilayisense yobuchwepheshe kuyintuthuko eyisisekelo yemisebenzi eminingi, isebenza njengesiqinisekiso sokuthi izimfuneko eziqondile zihlangabezana nezindinganiso ezimisiwe zekhono, izimiso, nokuphepha komphakathi. Iminyango yoMbuso kanye namabhodi aqondisayo aqondisa lezi zinqubo zokuqondisa izinhlobonhlobo zemisebenzi, kusukela kubafundisi nakonjiniyela kubafundisi, abagcini-zincwadi, kanye nabaqondisi bezindawo. Nakuba izimfuneko ezithile zishintshashintshana ngezimiso zezwe, ukulawulwa komthetho, nokusebenza, umgomo ongaphansi komthetho uhlala uqinile: ukuvikela umphakathi kodokotela abangafaneleki nokulondoloza ubuqotho benqubo ngayinye. Ochwepheshe, baqonda ukusebenza okugcwele kwezempiliso ye-makhwela ngokulungisa izinto ngoshintsho oluqalayo, ukuvimbela ukugcinwa, ukukhonzwa, nokusekela, nokusekela umgomo ophumelelayo.

Indima Yamamnyango KaHulumeni Ekufuyeni Imalicens

Iminyango yoMbuso inomthwalo wemfanelo wokwakha nokumisa izimiso zomthetho ezilawula ukumiswa kochwepheshe abasebenza ngaphakathi kwegunya labo. Lezinhlangano, ezingase zibe yizinhlangano zesambulela njenge-University of Consumer Affairs noma ibhodi eliqondile elilawulayo lomsebenzi owodwa, imise iziqondiso zokungena, ukusungula ukuhlola, ukuhlola izikhalo, nokuyala okuphula imithetho yombuso. Igunya lazo lisuka emithethweni kahulumeni, eyaziwa njengezenzo, ezichaza izinga lomsebenzi ngamunye nezidingo zemfundo nezokuvikela imfundo yenhlanya.

Imithombo yoMbuso ye-Licensing Boards vs.

Ezifundazweni eziningi, umnyango wezokwelapha ophethe (njenge-Dipatite of Licensing and Reguaral Affairs) unikeza ukusekela kokuqondisa, kuyilapho ukuhlukaniswa kwemisebenzi ngakunye kwebhodi ngalinye − kuhlanganiswa nodokotela namalungu omphakathi . “‘ yenza izinqumo mayelana nekhono nezimiso. Ngokwesibonelo, ibhodi yezokwelapha imisa imithetho ye-metafile ye-infingfing, kuyilapho umnyango wezwe omkhulu usingatha ukuhlelwa kwezicelo nenkongozentengo. Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kwemisebenzi kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinqumo zokulawula kwenziwa ngochwepheshe abagcina izihloko, kuyilapho imisebenzi yokuphatha iphathwa kahle. Ukuqonda ukuthi isiphi isisebenzi semisebenzi yakho siyisinyathelo lokuqala enqubweleni.

Ukubekwa okuvamile nokuvikelwa umphakathi

Iminyango yoMbuso namabhodi asebenzisa izindinganiso zesizwe ezithathwe ezimisweni ezigunyaziwe nasebuhlotsheni obuphambili, kodwa bakhululekile ukuphoqelela izimfuneko ezengeziwe eziqondene nombuso. Lokhu kungahlanganisa umsebenzi owengeziwe, ukuhlola okuhlukile kwemithetho kahulumeni, nokuhlolwa kokuziphatha. Umsebenzi oyinhloko uyisivikelo somphakathi: izinqubo zokuvikela iklanyelwe ukuhlunga abantu abangazange babonise ikhono elilinganiselwe, abanezinqumo zobugebengu ezihlobene nomsebenzi, noma abangenasisekelo esingokomthetho sokusebenza ngokuphephile. Njengoba iminyango enjalo yenza imishini yokuhlola isizinda, iqinisekisa izimpawu zezenzwe, futhi ihlola izikhalo kulo lonke umsebenzi wochwepheshe.

Inqubo yesithobo

Uhambo lokuya elayisensi luqala ngesicelo esisemthethweni. Nakuba amabhukwana aqondile nezinyathelo zihlukahluka, izifundazwe eziningi zidinga iqoqo lezinto ezibonisa izimfanelo zomfaki wesicelo. Izilinganiso zesikhathi zingasuka emasontweni ambalwa zisuka emsebenzini oqondile kuya ezinyangeni eziningana ngalabo abanolwazi olunzulu, njengengcina-mfinyezo yezokwelapha noma yobunjiniyela.

Ukubhalwa Kwencwadi Efundisayo Neyokuhlangenwe Nakho

Onjiniyela kufanele banikeze izinombolo ezingokomthetho ezithathwe ezikhungweni ezigunyaziwe, ubufakazi bokuthweswa iziqu, kanye nokuqinisekiswa kwanoma yisiphi isiphi isiphi isenzakalo esidingekayo somsebenzi. Kukho imisebenzi efana nokufundisa, lokhu kungahlanganisa ukufundisa ngamaqembu omnyango nohlelo lobuphikisi. Kunjiniyela, lenqubo ngokuvamile ihlanganisa iziqu zokuqala zobunjiniyela (FE) ezithathwe eduze nokuthweswa iziqu, zilandelwa iminyaka eminingi yokuhlangenwe nakho okuqhubekayo ngaphansi konjiniyela oqeqeshiwe ngemvume ngaphambi kokuba ahlalele ekuhlolweni kweMithelo neMcimbiso yobunjiyela (PECrence). Iminyango yoMbuso idinga isiqinisekiso somqashi ngamunye noma isikhungo semfundo, futhi bangathinta le mithombo ngokuqondile ukuze baqinisekise ubuqiniso.

Isizinda Nendlela Yokuphila

Cishe zonke izinqubo zokuvimbela ukunqanda ubugebengu zihlanganisa ukuhlola kwezezemthetho, ngokuvamile okwenziwa ngesimiso somthetho womthetho womthetho we-FBI. Izinkolelo zomthetho, izikhombo ezithile ezidukisayo, nokuziphatha okubi kobuchwepheshe kungamenza angakufanelekeli ukucela isicelo noma adinge ukubukezwa okungokomthetho yibhodi elungisayo. Eminye imisebenzi, njengokunakekela noma ukufundisa, inezindinganiso eziqinile zokuziphatha ngokuphathelene nokuziphatha okuhle ngenxa yabantu abasengozini abakhonzayo. Abacwaningi kufanele bazimisele ukuveza noma yimuphi umlando wecala, banikeze izincwadi zenkantolo, futhi babhale izincazelo zesimo. Izihloko ezingathuthukisa amathuba ebhodini ngomphumela omuhle.

Izimfashini Nezikhathi

Inkokhelo yezinhlelo ziyehluka kakhulu, kusukela ku-R100 kuya kumalayisensi angaphezulu kuka-R1,000 emalini yokusebenza noma ilayisensi engokomthetho. Izizwe eziningi zibiza nemali ehlukene yokuhlola isizinda, imishini yokuhlola isizinda, neyakuqala i-infinition. Izikhathi zixhomeke emqulwini wezinhlelo, ukuphelela kwezinhlelo, nokuncitshiswa kwebhodi, nesidingo sokubukezwa. I-National Council of State Boards of Monications, ngokwesibonelo, iphawula ukuthi ukuhlelwa kwezikhathi zokunakekela izimo zasebekazi ezibhaliwe zingathatha amasonto amane kuya ku-6 esabelweni sabafundi abaqeqeshi bezwe elisemuva noma emhlabeni wonke. Ukugwema ukubukwa kweminye izicelo.

Ukuhlola Nezatifiketi

Ukuhlola kuyisisekelo sokulungisa okungochwepheshe, okuklanyelwe ukuhlola ulwazi namakhono adingekayo ukuze kwenziwe umkhuba ophephile nophumelelayo. Imisebenzi eminingi elawulwayo idinga ukuqedwa okuphumelelayo kwesivivinyo esisodwa noma ngaphezulu, okuvame ukusungulwa yizinhlangano zesizwe futhi kwamukelwa amabhodi ezwe. Lenqubo yokuhlola ingaba enye yezinyathelo eziyinselele kakhulu kubafaki-sicelo, okudinga izinyanga zokutadisha kokuzinikezela.

Ama - leans Ezwe Ayaxosha

Imisebenzi eminingi incike ekuhlolweni okukodwa kwezwe okuvunyelwa yizo zonke izifundazwe. Ngokwesibonelo, i-United States Medical Licensing Stupication (UMLE) iyadingeka kodokotela, ukuhlolwa kwe-PNCES konjiniyela nabahloli, ne-NCLEX yabahlengikazi. Lezi zivivinyo zihlelelwe, zilondekile, futhi zihlelwe njalo ukuze zibonise ukusebenza kwamanje. Iminyango yoMbuso ihlela izibalo ezidlulayo futhi ingabeka izimo ezengeziwe, njengesikhathi okumelwe kuthathwe ngaso ngemva kokuphothula. Kubafundi bezenziwa i-Cricleclex, i- Architect Expect Encootation (ARE) ihlanganisa ukuhlukanisa okungathathwa iminyaka eminingi, ivumela abahloli ukuba bafunde ngokuhlangenwe umsebenzi.

Imibono Kahulumeni Nempikiswano

Ukuze kuchazwe imithetho eqondile, amabhodi amaningi adinga ukuhlolwa kwemithetho ye-jurisprudency emboze leyo mithetho kahulumeni. Kusokhemisi, lokhu kungahlanganisa isenzo sekhemisi nomthetho wezinto ezilawulwa uhulumeni. Abameli, i-Multstate Bar Exam (MBE) ihlanganiswe nezingxenye zezincwadi zikahulumeni ezicacisiwe. Lemihlola iqinisekisa ukuthi amalayisense ayaqaphela ukuguquguquka okungokomthetho, imithetho yezimiso zezimiso, kanye nezibopho zokubika. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Jurispradentia ngokuvamile kum omncintiswano omncintiswano futhi kungathathwa kuyi-intanethi ngemibandela yesicelo sesicelo, kodwa kusadingeka ukuba kuhlolwe ngokucophelela imithetho nemithetho kahulumeni.

Ukulungiselela Nokuhlela

Iminyango yoMbuso ayinikezi izifundo zokulungisa, kodwa inyathelisa izihloko eziningiliziwe zemibuzo. Imisebenzi eminingi inengxenye yesithathu yezinhlelo zokubukeza kanye namaqembu okutadisha. Abahloli-mthetho kumelwe futhi basebenzise uhlelo lokuhlola, njengoba ukuhlolwa kwesizwe kunikezwa ezikhungweni ezivunyelweyo kuphela futhi phakathi namafasitela akhankanyiweyo. Ezinye izivivinyo, njengalezo zomsebenzi wezenhlala-khona owenziwa nge-Associal of Social Boards (ASWB), zikhona unyaka ozungezene, kuyilapho ezinye, njengokuhlolwa komgaqo, zisetshenziswa kabili kuphela ngonyaka. Abaphumelele bahlela uhlelo lwabo lwesifundo sezehlolo olungu-12 kuya kunyaka weshumi elinesishiyagalombili ngaphambili, ukuze baphinde bathathe isikhathi uma kudingekile.

Izinyathelo Enqubweni Yokuphehla Ushevu

Nakuba umsebenzi ngamunye nesifundazwe kunezimfuneko ezihlukile, inqubo iyonke ingahlukaniswa ibe izigaba ezinengqondo.

  • Ukuzithoba kweNdlela: phelelisa ifomu lohlelo lomthetho lombuso, ukunikeza ulwazi lomuntu siqu, umlando wemfundo, amarekhodi omsebenzi, nanoma isiphi isivivinyo. Qopha amafakela amabhukwana okusekela nokukhokha isicelo. Ezinye izifundazwe zivumela ukufakwa kweposi ku-inthanethi, kuyilapho ezinye zisadinga iposi ngaphakathi noma ekuthwaleni.
  • Inkathi yokuhlola: Umnyango uhlola uhlelo lokuphelela nokungaguquguquki. Lokhu kungahlanganisa ukuqinisekisa ama-rekhodi nokuhlangenwe nakho komsebenzi, ukuhlola izikhombo, nokuhlola isizinda. Uma kukhona okulahlekile noma okungacacile, umnyango uzokhipha isaziso sokuntula. Applications kufanele aphendule phakathi kwe-frame yesikhathi esicacisiwe, noma uhlelo lungathathwa njengolulahliwe.
  • Ukwehlukana: Ngemva kokuba isicelo sesivunyiwe, abazokufaka ukwamukela imvume yokuthatha ukuhlolwa okudingekayo kwe-interating. Lokhu kuvame ukuhlanganisa ukubhalisa nenhlangano yokuhlola yesizwe nohlelo losuku lokuhlola. Ezinye zifuna ukuba abafaka isicelo badlulise ukuhlolwa phakathi kwenani elithile lemizamo noma esikhathini esimisiwe ngemva kokuphothula.
  • Board Review and Revisence: Eminye imisebenzi, ukudlula ukuhlolwa nokunikeza wonke amabhukwana kuholela ekuzivuselelweni kwe-inmenshuware. Kwabanye, ibhodi elungisayo yenza inguquko yokugcina, okungase kuhlanganise ukuxoxa noma ukuhlola amakhono asebenzayo (umzk., amakhono okwelapha abahlengikazi, ukubukeza abaklami). Uma nje ibhodi ivota ukuvuma, inombolo yelayisense iyakhishwa.
  • License Isounce: Ama-imeyili umnyango noma ilayisense yemvume esemthethweni futhi kaningi iposi elingena ephaketheni. Amanye amalayisensi emishini angaqinisekiswa ku-inthanethi. Ilayisense manje igunyaziwe ukuba isebenzise ngaphakathi kulesosifundazwe. Kuwukuhlakanipha ukuqinisekisa isimo selayisense kulayini ukuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho phutha ngegama noma uhlobo lwe-compers.
  • Imfundo ephinda ivuselelwe neqhubekeka phambili: amalayisense ayasebenza esikhathini esithile esicacisiwe (ngokuvamile iminyaka eyodwa kuya kwemithathu."eduze nosuku lokuphela, amalayisensi kumelwe anikeze uhlelo oluvuselelwe nenkokhelo, futhi abonise ukuqedwa kokuqhubekeka kwemfundo (CE). Ukwehluleka ukuvuselela imiphumela ngokuphelelwa, okungadinga izinqubo zokubuyisela u-atho.

Ukuvuselela Imfundo Nokuqhubeka

Ukunika i-licens akusona isenzakalo esisodwa; kuyisibopho esiqhubekayo ukulondoloza ikhono. Iminyango yoMbuso idinga ukuvuselelwa ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze iqinisekise ukuthi ochwepheshe bahlala besebenzisa izindlela ezishintshayo, ubuchwepheshe, nezimiso. Imisebenzi eminingi inikeza inani elithile lezifundo eziqhubekayo (Us) kumjikelezo wokuvuselela. Lezi zimfuneko zisiza ukuvikela umphakathi kodokotela abangase bathembele ezindleleni eziphelelwe yisikhathi.

Ukuhlangabezana Nezimfuneko Ze - CE

Imfundo eqhubekayo ingahlanganisa ukuba khona kwemihlangano, amakholiji e-Internet, amakholiji, amashabhu, nezinhlelo zokuzifundela. Amabhodi amaningi kahulumeni angaphambi kokuboniswa nokuvunyelwa kwe-CE ukuze aqinisekise izinga le-i. Ngokwesibonelo, i-National Association of Boards of Pharmacy igcina uhlu lwabaxhasi be-CE abagunyaziwe. Ochwepheshe kumelwe bagcine amarekhodi aningi okuthenga kwabo okunconywa, kuhlanganise nezitifiketi zokuqedela, futhi bangaphinde bahlolwe umnyango. Ukuhluleka ukuhlangabezana nezimfuneko zeCE kungaphumela ekunqanyulweni komsebenzi wezokwelapha noma ukugcinwa kwezincwadi.

Ukukhishwa Kwemisebe Nokubuyiselwa

Uma uchwepheshe evumela imvume ukuba ingasebenzi ngokungavuselelwa ngesikhathi, kumelwe badlule enqubweni yokubuyiselwa. Lokhu kuhilela ukukhokha imali ephuzile, ukunikeza ubufakazi be-CE ehlawulwayo ngesikhathi sokuphelelwa (futhi ngokuvamile ngalé), futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukuthatha ukuhlolwa okuvuselelayo. Amalayisense ahlala engasebenzi iminyaka eminingi kungadinga ukufakwa kabusha njengokungathi ekuhluthulweni, kuhlanganise nokuphindela ekuhlolweni kwesizwe. Ukugwema lezinkinga, ochwepheshe kufanele babeke izikhumbuzo zokuvuselela inkathi futhi balondoloze i-CE ngisho noma bengasasebenzangakhuthele. Abanye bathi banikeza "i-rectred" noma "ictive" isimo salabo abangasasebenzi ensimini.

Izinselele Nokucabangela

Nakuba inqubo yokulungisa inqubo ihloselwe ukuqinisekisa izinga lokufaneleka nokuphepha, kungaba nzima futhi, ikakhulukazi kubantu abacela ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe noma abangena emasimini alawulwa kakhulu. Ukuqaphela izingibe ezivamile kungasiza ochwepheshe ukuba basebenzise isimiso ngendlela ephumelelayo.

Ukushintshashintsha kwezindawo zesifunda sesifunda sezwe

Isifundazwe ngasinye sinemithetho yaso ehlelayo, engahluka kakhulu ngisho nasemsebenzini ofanayo. Ngokwesibonelo, izimfuneko zomeluleki onolwazi okhokhelwayo eCalifornia azifani nezezoseTexas. Izinhlelo zemfundo ezamukelwa kwesinye isifundazwe zingalahlwa kwesinye, futhi ezinye izifundazwe zinolwazi olwengeziwe oluqondiswayo. Ochwepheshe abathatha indawo ethile kufanele baqale inqubo yokusebenza ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ngokuvamile isithupha kuya ku-12 yezinyanga ngaphambi kokuhamba, futhi bathintane nebhodi yesifunda esiya lapho becela ngokuqondile uhlu lwezimfuneko ezithile. Ukuhlola izinkonzo kungasiza ekuguquleleni amadegremu avela kwamanye amazwe noma amazwe.

Izinhlanganisela Zelishuwalense Nokuzivuselela

Ukuze kube lula ukunyakaza, izinkampani eziningi zezemisebenzi ziye zamukela ama-compact avumela ochwepheshe abagunyaziwe ukuba basebenzise amalayisense emazweni angamalungu ngaphandle kokuthola ilayisense ehlukile kwezinye izingxenye. Ngokwesibonelo, i- Interstate Medical Licenfire Convention, i-Unist Licensure Convention, ne-Eractic Paradition evumelanayo ngayinye inikeza indlela ehambelayo yokusebenza kwezifundazwe eziningi. Ngaphansi kwalezi zikhonso, ilayisense ephambili kuzweni elilodwa eliyilungu elithile igunyaza ukusebenzisa ezinye, ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. Nokho, imiquluko idinga ukuhlelwa kwemithetho kahulumeni, ngakho akuyona yonke ingxube lapho imibhobho, ochwepheshe kungadingeka ukuba ihambisane nezingalo zomthetho zemfundo yombuso ngamunye nemithetho yemfundo eqhubekayo. I-National State State of Lectrectrectreast (CS) igcine ulwazi olukhona.

Iziphazamiso Zesisebenziso

Izinhlelo ezingaphelele noma ezinganembile ziyimbangela evame kakhulu yokubambezela. Izigqhibhiso, ukuhluleka ukuhlanganisa amadokhumende okusekela, nokungavumelani emlandweni wemisebenzi okhankanyiwe kungabangela isicelo sokwaziswa okwengeziwe. Eminye iminyango kahulumeni ayisheshi ukulungisa izinhlelo zezinhlelo zephepha; ikhetha ukuzithoba kuwebhusayithi lapho ikhona kungasheshisa izinto. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abafaki-zicelo kufanele bacophelele kunoma yimuphi umcimbi noma imibuzo edinga amandla anele ekusingeniseni komsebenzi kungaba isisekelo sokuphika noma ukukhishwa kwelayisense kamuva. Uma bengabaza ukuthi isenzakalo sangaphambili kufanele sikhankanywe kanjani, izikhalo zingacela ukubukezwa okuyimfihlo okunga sidlulile ebhodini.

Umphumela Obanzi Wokuphehla Imali Ngochwepheshe

Izindlela zokufaka imishini zinemiphumela emikhulu hhayi nje kuphela emsebenzini womuntu ngamunye kodwa nasemphakathini nakwezomnotho. Basungula isisekelo sekhono abathengi abangathembela kuso lapho bekhetha udokotela, abagcini-zimali, noma ugesi. Kodwa futhi bangadala izithiyo zokungena, ikakhulukazi kubantu abathola imali ephansi noma labo abavela emiphakathini emincane abangase bangakwazi ukufinyelela imfundo edingekayo nemali. Abacwaningi baye baphikisana ngesilinganiso esingcono kakhulu semithetho; okuncane kakhulu kungabeka engozini umphakathi, kuyilapho kungavimbela ukuncintisana nokukhuphula izindleko zabathengi. Izifunda eziningi zihlola izindlela zokungena ezinhlansini, zinciphisa izindleko, futhi zamukele izimali, njengezindawo ezibizwa ngokuthi izinhlangano eziqanjiwe kakhulu.

Ochwepheshe, ukuhlala benolwazi ngezinguquko ezidingwayo kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukubhalisa amaphephandaba ebhodi, amalungu ezinhlangano ezingochwepheshe, nokuvakashela njalo kuwebhusayithi yomnyango kunganikeza isaziso sangaphambili sezinguquko zemithetho. Umnyango we-Orthodox’s Mookestone One ithuluzi linikeza iqoqo elibanzi lezimfuneko zokulungisa imfuno zezwe ngenkani nomsebenzi, okungaba isiqalo esiwusizo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-SCentrenity Administrations anikeza isiqondiso sokulawula imfuno yezentengiselwano nezokusebenza.

Isiphetho

Ukumisa izinqubo zokulungisa ezilawulwa iminyango kahulumeni kudinga ukukhuthala, ukubekezela, nokunaka okusheshayo kokuningiliziwe. Kusukela ekuhlanganiseni umsebenzi wokudluliseleni izivivinyo nokugcina izimpawu zemfundo eqhubekayo, isinyathelo ngasinye sidinga ukuhlela ngokucophelela. Ngokuqonda indima yamabhodi kahulumeni, ukulindela ukushintshana okungaqondakali kwezwe, nokusebenzisa imithombo ekhona enjengezilinganiso ze-interstameter, ochwepheshe banganqoba izinselele ezisemzileni. Imvume engokomthetho yokusebenzisa insimu ekhethiwe, kodwa futhi ivula umnyango wentuthuko yomsebenzi nokuthemba umphakathi. Njengoba ukusetshenziswa kwezindawo ezikhona kuqhubekela phambili, ukugcinwa kweziphathimandla ezisebenza ngezifo kuhlala kungumsebenzi ohlala kungumsebenzi ohlala ukuzinikela kukho konke.