Izisulu zokushushumbiswa kwabantu zibhekene nezinselele ezinkulu lapho zifuna ukuphepha nobulungisa eUnited Kingdom. Ubuhlungu bokuxhashazwa bubangelwa ukuhamba ngesimiso sokufuduka esingajwayelekile. Ukuqonda izinqubo zokufuduka ze-UK eziklanyelwe ukuvikela abaphuzi abashushumbisi kudingekile [1] hhayi kuphela ezisulwini ngokwazo kodwa nakwabaqondisi abangokomthetho, abasekela izisebenzi, ukugcinwa komthetho, nabasekeli bomphakathi. Lesiqondiso sinikeza ukucaciwa okubanzi kwezindlela ezingokomthetho, izindlela zokuthatha i-visa, amaphetho, kanye nokusekela imithombo etholakalayo ezisulu zokushushumbiselwa kwabantu eUK.

Ukuvikela Izisulu Zokushushumbisa Komuntu Ngokomthetho

I-UK iye yasungula uhlelo oluqinile olungokomthetho lokubona, ukuvikela, nokusekela izisulu zokushushumbisa abantu, olusekelwe kuMthetho we-Modelson Slavery 2015. Lo mthetho ophawula izinto ezingokomthetho uhlanganisa izigwebo zangaphambili ezihlobene nokushushumbisa ubugqila, uqala isigwebo esinamandla kakhulu kubaphangi, futhi umisa imisebenzi kahulumeni yokuvimbela ubugqila banamuhla.

Ngaphansi koMthetho we-Modern Slavery Act, noma yimuphi umuntu ohlela noma olungisa ukuhamba komunye umuntu ngenjongo yokuwaxhaphaza (kuhlanganise nokuxhashazwa ngokobulili, ukuphoqelelwa, ukugqilazwa ekhaya, noma ukususwa kwezitho) wenza isigwebo sobugebengu. LoMthetho futhi unikeza isivikelo ezisusela izisulu isijeziso ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi azijeziswanga ngokujeziswa lapho zilawulwa ngabashushumbisi − nesimiso esisekelwe ekubhekiseleni “esokungalungisi”.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-UK iyisimemezelo sokusayina i-Council of Europe Convention on Action on Criming in Human Famists kanye ne i-EU Anti-Trafficking Directive[ (eqhubeka ithonya inkambiso ye-UK post-Brxit). Lemishini yomhlaba wonke idinga amalungu anqumanisa izindlela zokuthola impatho yesulu, inikeza inkathi yokululama nokulinganisa, futhi ibuye imvume yokuhlala ezisulu ezibambisanani ezibambisana neziphathimandla noma ezibhekene nesimo somuntu siqu sokuzibamba.

I-National Referral Mechanism (NRM) iyisimiso esiyinhloko somnyango we-UK sokuhlukanisa nezisulu nokuzisekela. I-NRM iyisimiso esinezinto eziningi esiqondiswa iHhovisi Lasekhaya futhi sihlanganisa ukuqeqeshwa “amagunya agunyaza” phakathi kokugcinwa komthetho, ukugcinwa kwezokufuduka, kanye nomnyango we-UK Visas and Immigration (UKVI). Inqubo ye-NRMRM inzima ezisulu ezifuna isivikelo sokufuduka ngenxa yokuqashelwa okungokomthetho njengomsizi oshushumbisi wezelela ekutholeni umnyango owenzela amalungelo angokomthetho nezinkonzo zokusekela.

Inqubo YeReferral Nesisekelo: I - National Referral Mechanism (NRM)

Indlela Okwenziwa Ngayo Umdanti

Noma iyiphi inhlangano noma umuntu ohlangana nesisulu sokushushumbisa angathatha isikhombi se-NRM. Izindikimba ezivamile ezihlongoza amaphoyisa, izinkonzo zezenhlalo, i-National Health Service (NHS), iziphathimandla zendawo, nezinhlangano ezingezona zezwe (NGOs) ezikhethekile ekusekeleni ukuhweba. I-arhesral ibekwa ngendlela esemthethweni, enikeza imininingwane yesimo somuntu osolwayo, izimo zokuxhashazwa, nanoma yibuphi ubufakazi bokuhweba.

Izabelo zokuqala − njengamaphoyisa noma i-NGO-arediedia idingeka ukuba ibhekisele kumuntu uma benezizathu ezinengqondo zokukholelwa ukuthi umuntu uyisisulu sokushushumbiswa. I-arekhoral ishukumisa inqubo yokwenza isinqumo esineziteji ezimbili:

  1. Isinqumo esivunyiweyo - Igunya elifanele linquma ukuthi kukhona yini “izizathu ezinengqondo” zokukholelwa ukuthi umuntu uyisisulu sokushushumbiswa noma ubugqila. Lokhu kuhlola okuphansi futhi kufanele kwenziwe phakathi nezinsuku ezinhlanu zokusebenza kwe-aretal. Uma isinqumo siqondile, isisulu sibhekwa njengesisulu esingase sibe khona futhi singene enkathini “yokuthunyelelwa nomfanekiso”.
  2. Isinqumo esihlanganisa izisekelo - Ngemva kokuhlelwa okuningiliziwe] − kaningi kuhilela izingxoxo, ubufakazi, nokuqoqa ukulandisa kwesisulu, nokusekela ukulandisa kwaso . Igunya elinekhono likhipha isinqumo esiqinisekile. Lokhu kuyindinganiso ephakeme: “ngokulingana kwe-actrosutys,” umuntu uzimisele ukuba isisulu sokushushumbisa noma sobugqila. Isinqumo kumelwe sithathwe phakathi nezinsuku ezingu-45 ezisebenzayo zesinqumo esinengqondo sesisekelo.

Ukusekela Phakathi Nenqubo Ye - NRM

Uma nje sekuqalwe isinqumo esinengqondo sesisekelo, isisulu sinelungelo lokusekelwa ngokushesha. Lokhu kuhlanganisa indawo ephephile (kaningi ezindlini ezilondekile), usizo lwezimali, ukunakekelwa kwempilo (kubili ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo), izinkonzo zokuhumusha kanye nokuchaza, kanye nosizo olungokomthetho lwenqubo ye-NRM ngokwayo. Ukusekela phakathi nenkathi yokululama nokulinganisa (izinsuku ezingu-45, nakuba kunwetshwa) kuklanyelwe ukuvumela izisulu ukuba zihlasele, zithole ukunakekelwa okunengozi, futhi zenze izinqumo eziqondiswe ngokolwazi ngezindlela zazo ezilandelayo zihlanganisa nokubambisana nokwenza uphendlo lwecala.

Uma isinqumo esiqinisekile siqondile, isisulu siyaqhubeka sithola ukusekelwa okungenani izinsuku ezingu-90. Ngemva kwalokho, ukusekelwa kungaqhubeka kuxhomeke ezidingweni eziqhubekayo zesisulu nasekuthuthweni kwaso. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukusekela okunikezwayo akuhlangene ngokuqondile nesicelo sokufuduka sesisulu; nokho, isinqumo esiqinile siqinisa kakhulu noma yikuphi ukusho okulandelayo kokufuduka.

Ukusebenzisa Ikhambi Lokukhululeka Ekuthuthweni

Ezisulwini zokushushumbiswa kwabantu abangezona izakhamuzi zaseBrithani noma abangazihlali kakade e - UK, ngokuvamile ukumiswa ngokomthetho kwezindawo zokufuduka kuyadingeka ukuze bahlale belondekile, besebenza futhi bephinde bakha kabusha ukuphila kwabo.

Izisulu Ezinesizotha UVisa (VHV) – Manje Isisulu Sanamuhla Sobugqila UVisa

Ngaphambili yaziwa ngokuthi izisulu ezibulekayo Visa, lomzila washintshwa futhi waqanjwa kabusha i-Modern Slaves Adversicasure [MSV] ngaphansi kwesimiso sokufuduka se-UK's Prester-Briexit. I-vhisa ihloselwe abadayisi abangafaneleki kwezinye izigaba zokufuduka kodwa abadinga isivikelo nemvume yokuhlala e-UK. Isihluthulelo sihlanganisa:

  • Ukungavikeleki: Umfaki isicelo kumele abe nesinqumo esiqinisekile esisekelwe ku NRM. Kumele babonise ukuthi badinga isivikelo esiqhubekayo noma usizo ukuze balulame kokuhlangenwe nakho kwabo kokuhweba.
  • Isici esiphakathi: Ivisa inikezwa ngezikhathi ezithatha izinyanga ezingu-12 ekuqaleni, nethuba lokunwetshwa noma ukuhlaliswa ngemva kwesikhathi eside.
  • Izivumelwano: Imvume ivumela umnikazi ukuba aphile, asebenze, atadishe, futhi angenele imali yomphakathi (ingaphansi kwemithetho efanayo nabanye ababambi bemvume besikhashana).
  • Ukubambisana noMthetho I-Ercement: Nakuba kungeyona imfuneko ecacile ye-MSVV vrag, ukubambisana namaphoyisa noma ukuququzelela iziphathimandla kungaqinisa ukusebenza. IHhovisi Lasekhaya lihlukanisa izisulu ezisiza ngokuphenya nalezo ezingasizi, kodwa ukuchayeka kuphela kungathethelela ukunikezwa kwevisa.

Umuntu Othengisayo UVisa – Umgwaqo Ohamba Ngengqondo

Kwezinye izimo, izisulu zokushushumbisa ezibhekene nezimo ezingavamile − njengengozi eqhubekayo evela kubashushumbisi, izimo zempilo ezingokomzimba noma zengqondo ezihlobene nokuxhashazwa kwabo, noma ukuhluleka ukuphepha ezweni lakubo eliwumsuka [1] zinganikezwa I-Discovertary Sick to Desert[ ezinkundleni zokushushumbisa abantu. Ngezinye izikhathi kubhekiselwa ngokwethukela ngokuthi “imvume yabantu yokushushumbisa.” Isicelo senziwa ngaphandle kwemithetho ejwayelekile yezethuntu neSiphakamiso 3 se-European Convention on Human Rights (ukuvikelwa kokuhlushwa noma ukuphathwa ngokuphathwa ngonyazomuntu noma ukuphathwa kabi) neSiphaka-8 (ilungelo lokuphila komuntu siqu nomkhaya).

  • Izicelo:[ Umfaki wesicelo kumele anikeze ubufakazi obuningiliziwe bolwazi lwabo lokushushumbisa, ukuchayeka kwabo okuqhubekayo, nokuthi kungani bengenakubuyela ngokuphephile ezweni lakubo. Isinqumo esiqinile sesisekelo sikhuthaza kodwa asiphoqeleleki ngokuqinile.
  • Isikhathi: ikhefu lokuhlakanipha lingase linikwe izinyanga ezingu-30 (iminyaka engu-2,5) futhi linganwetshwa. Ngemva kweminyaka eyishumi yekhefu eliqhubekayo, indawo yokuhlalisana (Inketho Engapheliyo) ingacatshangelwa.
  • Iziphakamiso ezivela kwi-MSV: Umzila oqondiwe kahle uthathwa ngesisekelo secala ngesisekelo futhi usetshenziswa kakhulu izisulu ezingahlangani nezimiso eziqondile ze-Modern Slaves Adves Visa kodwa ezisadinga isivikelo. Futhi ngokuvamile kudinga ubufakazi bokuthi isisulu singabhekana nengozi yangempela yoshushiso noma ingozi enkulu uma sibuya.

Izinqumo Zokukwazi Ukubhekana Nezimo Ezingcono Zokukhululeka

Nakuba umzila ngamunye wemvume unezimfuneko zawo eziqondile, iHhovisi Lasekhaya linikeza izindinganiso ezivamile zanoma ikuphi ukusetshenziswa kokufuduka okusekelwe ekushushumbiseni komuntu:

  • Isimo seNcupho Ehlotshisiwe: Isinqumo esiqinisekile esiqinisekile se-NRM siwuhlobo oluqinile lobufakazi. Okanye, isinqumo esiqinile esinengqondo singasekela ukusebenza ngesikhathi isinqumo esiphelele sisasele.
  • Ukubambisana noMthetho owenziwe ngempoqo: Abasizi noma abazimisele ukusiza amaphoyisa ekuphenyeni noma ekumangaleleni abashushumbisi bayobhekwa ngokuthandeka. Nokho, izisulu ezingabambisani ngenxa yokwesaba, ukulimala, noma izithiyo ezisebenzayo akumelwe zijeziswe isijeziso sokubambisana kweHhovisi lasekhaya.
  • I-Need for Providence and Service: Umfaki wesicelo kumelwe abonise ukuthi udinga ukuba baqhubeke behlala e-UK ukuze balulame, baqashelwe ngokufanele, noma bagweme ukuphinde bakhangwe. Lokhu kungahlanganisa imibiko yezokwelapha, izilinganiso ezingokwengqondo, noma izinkulumo ezivela kuzisebenzi ezisekelayo.
  • Akukho Okungathathelwa phambili: Uma kungenzeka, iHhovisi Lasekhaya lizocabangela ukuthi isisulu singabuyela ngokuphephile ezweni lakubo lendabuko nokuthola ukusekela lapho. Uma kungenjalo, i-UK cishe izonika ikhefu ukuba lihlale.

Izinselele Nokucatshangelwa Kwenqubo Yokufuduka

Naphezu kwesivikelo esingokomthetho esisezindaweni ezithile, izisulu zokushushumbiswa kwabantu zibhekana nezithiyo ezinkulu lapho zidlula esimisweni sokufuduka sase - UK. Ukuqaphela lezi zinselele kubaluleke kakhulu kunoma ubani osekela umuntu osindayo.

Ukwesaba Nokuthemba Iziphathimandla Ngokungafanele

Izisulu eziningi ziye zasongelwa, zaphoqelelwa, futhi zatshelwa ukuthi amaphoyisa onakele, azodingiswa, noma ziyoquliswa ngobugebengu obenziwa ngaphansi kwemigqomo (njengokusebenzisa izincwadi zenkohliso noma ukusebenza ngokungemthetho). Ukwakha izimali kuthatha isikhathi, futhi izisulu zingadinga izikhawu eziningi nomsekeli othembekile ngaphambi kokuba zizimisele ukudalula indaba yazo yonke.

Izithiyo Zolimi Nezomdabu

Izisulu ezivela emazweni angesisiNgisi zivame ukulwa nokuqonda inqubo yokufuduka nokuchaza okuhlangenwe nakho kwazo ngendlela egcwalisa abenzi besinqumo se-UK. Abaqondisi abangochwepheshe abanolwazi lwezimo ezibuhlungu nabazimele emphakathini wesisulu babalulekile. Ukuzwelana kwempucuko − njengokuhlaziswa ngokuxhashazwa ngokobulili noma ukuhlazeka ngezenzo zokugqilazwa ngesikweletu − kungavimbela futhi ukudalulwa.

Ukuba Yinkimbinkimbi Ngokomthetho Nesidingo Seseluleko Esikhethekile

Imithetho yabaphunyuki abashushumbisi ehlangene nomthetho wezentengiselwano, iziphakamiso zamalungelo abantu, nezinqubo zomthetho zobugebengu. Izisulu eziningi azikwazi ukuthenga ukumelelwa komthetho futhi zithembele kumthetho, kodwa ukutholakala kochwepheshe abagunyaziwe kulinganiselwe kwezinye izindawo. Ukuntuleka kwezeluleko ezingokomthetho ezingase zenqatshwe izinhlelo zobuchwepheshe, ngisho nalapho indaba yesisulu ithembekile. Imithombo enjengaleyo [FLT: 0] ingeyokusetshenziswa kwe-IMGUILY kanye ne-Lawillers (AILL) kanye [FLT:] neyaseMbutho weNhlangano [FLT:]] iyakwazi ukusiza ekutholeni ithuluzi lokuzingela.

Izikhathi Ezithatha Isikhathi Eside Nokungaqiniseki

Ukulibala ezinqubweni zokusebenza ze-NRM kanye nokufuduka kungaba ukuthatha isikhathi esibanzi kwabasindi. Isinqumo esinengqondo kufanele sithathe izinsuku ezinhlanu, kodwa uma sisebenza, kuthatha isikhathi eside. Isinqumo esiqinisekile nomphumela wanoma yisiphi isicelo se-vsavse singanwebeka izinyanga noma ngisho neminyaka. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, izisulu zingahlala zise-limpo, zingakwazi ukusebenza uma zingenayo i-vsavse, futhi zithembele ekusekeleni okulinganiselwe kwenhlala kahle. Lokhu kungavimbela abasindayo ukuba baphinde balulame futhi kuphazamise ukululama.

Ingozi Yokuphinde Ususwe Uma Ukufuduka Kungasetshenziswa Njalo

Uma isisulu singangeni ngokushesha kuyi-NRM noma sihluleka ukwenza isicelo sokufuduka ngaphambi kokuba ikhefu elikhona liqedwe, bangahlala kakhulu futhi babhekane nejele noma basuswe. IHhovisi Lasekhaya liye lakhipha izimiso okufanele zivikele abasindi abashushumbisi ekususweni ngesikhathi i-NRM isebenza, kodwa uma kusetshenziswa, izisulu ziye zavalelwa noma zadingiswa ngaphambi kokuba icala lazo lihlolwe ngokugcwele. Kubalulekile ukuba noma ubani osekela isisulu athunyelwe ku-NRM ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka futhi, lapho kudingekile, zimelelwe kunoma yisiphi isikhala se-nRM.

Imithombo Nezinhlangano Ezisekelayo Ezisulu

Lezi zinhlangano zinikeza izinkonzo eziningi, kuhlanganise nendawo yokuhlala ephuthumayo, iseluleko esingokomthetho, ukunikeza iseluleko, ukunikeza izisulu zokushushumbisa abantu nobugqila banamuhla e - UK.

Lezinhlangano zisebenza eduze neHhovisi Lasekhaya, amaphoyisa, neziphathimandla zendawo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izisulu zithola isivikelo ezinelungelo laso elingokomthetho. Zisekela futhi intuthuko yezimiso zokusingatha amagebhugebhu kanye nokulibala esimisweni samanje.

Isiphetho: Ukuqondisa Indlela Yokuphepha Nobulungisa

Inqubo yokufuduka kwe-UK yezisulu zokushushumbiswa kwabantu ihlelwe ukuba inikeze indlela yokusetshenziswa kwezisebenzi ezizimeleyo nokuphinde zilulame. Kusukela ekuqanjweni kokuqala nge-NRM kuya phambili kuya ekuvunyelweni kwe-Modern Slave Slave Visa noma ikhefu, isinyathelo ngasinye siklanyelwe ukubona abasinda ababhekene nosizi futhi sinikeze ukuqina okungokomthetho okudingayo ukuze baphinde bathuthukise ukuphila kwabo. Nokho, isimiso asikho ngokuphelele. Ukwesaba, imingcele yolimi, nokuntula iseluleko somthetho kungavimbela zonke izisulu ukuba zifinyelele amalungelo azo.

Kubantu abangochwepheshe nabasekela abasebenza nabasindi abashushumbisi, isihluthulelo siwukwenza ngokushesha: kuqinisekiswe ukuba i-arhente esheshayo ye-NRM, ukuvikela i-project engokomthetho, futhi ibhale zonke izici zokungavikeleki kwesisulu. Okubaluleke ngokufanayo ukusondela komuntu onezici eziqinile, qhakashelwayo (ukulalela izifiso zomuntu osindile, ukuqaphela ijubane lakhe lokululama, nokunikeza ukusekela okungokwesiko. Ngokwaziswa okulungile, imithombo, kanye nokuthengwa kwabantu, izisulu zokushushumbisa abathengiswa komuntu azikwazi ukudlula nje kuphela esimisweni sokufuduka kodwa futhi futhi zithola isiqephu esisha sokuphepha, isithunzi, nethemba ku-UK.