Isingeniso

Intando yeningi ingaphezu kwesimiso sikahulumeni esilawulayo esihlanganisa i-508 BCE, iyisimiso sezindinganiso ezihlela indlela imiphakathi enikeza ngayo amandla, ivikela inkululeko, futhi ixazulule izingxabano. Esisekelweni sayo, ibusa ngentando yeningi, ibeka igunya eliphelele ezandleni zabantu, elisebenzisa lelogunya ngokuqondile noma ngokukhetha abameleli. Lesi sihloko sihlola izimiso, intuthuko engokomlando, inselele, inselele, nokusebenza kwentando yeningi okuye kwasetshenziswa kakhulu ngezindlela ezingaphezu kwengxenye yezizwe zomhlaba namuhla. Ukuqonda idemokramente akudingekile kubafundi nakothisha kuphela kodwa nakuzo zonke izakhamuzi ezifisa ukuhlanganyela ngokunenzuzo ekuphileni komphakathi. Lesi sihloko sihlola izimiso, izinzuzo, izinzuzo zombuso wentando yeningi, inselele ukunikeza ukuqondisa okubanzi kwezizwe eziningi zomhlaba.

Izimiso Zomthetho Zokubusa Ngentando Yeningi

Nakuba imibuso yentando yeningi ihlukahluka kakhulu ezinhlanganweni nasemikhubeni yayo ethile, ihlanganyela izimiso eziyisisekelo ezibahlukanisa nezimiso zobushiqela noma zobushiqela.

Ukubusa Okuthandwayo

Ubukhosi obuthandwayo buthi ukufaneleka kukahulumeni kuvela emvumeni yababuswayo. Akukho mbusi, uhlanga, noma isicukuthwane esingazisho ukuthi unegunya ngaphandle kokuvunyelwa abantu. Lesi simiso sifakwe ezincwadini ezinjenge-United States Constitution (“Thina Bantu”) kanye neSimemezelo saseFrance samalungelo abantu nesabantu.

Ukulingana Kwezombangazwe

Isakhamuzi ngasinye kumelwe sibe nethuba elilinganayo lokuthonya izinqumo zezombangazwe. Lokhu kusho umuntu oyedwa, ukuvota okukodwa; ukukwazi ukungenela isikhundla; nesivikelo esifanayo ngaphansi komthetho. ukulingana kwezombangazwe kuvimbela ubandlululo olusekelwe ohlwini lohlanga, ubulili, ingcebo, noma isikhundla emphakathini ekusebenziseni amalungelo ezombangazwe.

Ukubusa Okukhulu Ngamalungelo Amancane

Izinqumo zenziwa yivoti eningi, kodwa izinqumo ezinkulu azinakuwaphazamisa amalungelo ayisisekelo eqembu elincane. Lokhu kulinganisela kuvimbela “inqaba yeningi” ungqondongqondo njengoJohn Stuart Mill axwayisa ngayo. Isivikelo somthetho-sisekelo, ukubukezwa komthetho-mthetho, kanye nezindleko zamalungelo zivikela amaqembu amancane ukuba angathuliswa noma acindezeleke.

Amalungelo Nenkululeko Yomuntu Ngamunye

Imibuso ebusayo ivikela inkululeko yomuntu siqu ehlukahlukene, kuhlanganise nenkululeko yokukhuluma, yokunyathelisa, yokuhlangana, yenkolo, neyomuntu siqu. Lamalungelo awanikezwa umbuso kodwa abhekwa njengefa lesithunzi sobuntu. Izinkantolo ezizimele nezimiso zomthetho ziphoqelela lezisivikelo, ziqinisekisa ukuthi izakhamuzi zingagxeka uhulumeni ngaphandle kokwesaba ukuziphindiselela.

Ukubusa Komthetho

Kuhulumeni wentando yeningi, akekho ongaphezulu komthetho, futhi akukho ngisho nezikhulu ezikhethiwe. Imithetho kumelwe icace, isetshenziswe emphakathini, futhi isetshenziswe ngokufanayo kubo bonke. Ukubusa komthetho kuvimbela ukusebenzisa amandla okungenangqondo futhi kunikeza uhlelo lokuxazulula izingxabano ngokuthula. Lesi simiso sihlobene eduze nokuhlukaniswa kwemibuso nejaji elizimele.

Izinhlobo Zombuso Wentando Yeningi

Imiphakathi ehlukahlukene ithatha izinguquko ezibonisa umlando wayo, isiko, nobukhulu babantu. Ukuqonda lezizinhlobo kusiza ekucaciseni indlela ukubusa kwentando yeningi okungavunyelelwa ngayo emongweni ohlukile.

Intando yeningi Eqondile

Ebuthweni lentando yeningi eliqondile, izakhamuzi zivota ngezimiso ngokwazo kunokuba zinike abameleli izinqumo. I-Athene yasendulo yasebenzisa uhlobo oluthile lwentando yeningi eqondile lapho izakhamuzi zabesilisa zihlangana khona eMhlanganweni ukuze zixoxe futhi zivote ngemithetho. Izibonelo zanamuhla zihlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-arendium kanye nezindlela zokuthatha izifunda ezinjengeSwitzerland neCalifornia, lapho izakhamuzi zingawuvumela khona noma zenqabe khona umthetho. Idemokramente isebenza kangcono kakhulu emiphakathini emincane noma ezimpikiswaneni ethile, kodwa iba yize kakhulu imiphakathi emikhulu, eyinkimbinkimbi.

Intando Yeningi Emelele Uhulumeni

Idemokrasi emelela abameleli, ebizwa nangokuthi idemokrasi engaqondile, iyindlela esakazeke kakhulu namuhla. Izakhamuzi ezikhethelwe ukumelela izithakazelo zazo ezibuthweni zomthetho. Laba bameleli balandise ngokhetho oluvamile, olukhululekile nolungakho. Amazwe anjenge-Indiya, i-United Kingdom, iJalimane, neJapane ancike ezimisweni zabameleli. Inzuzo iwukuthi izikhulu ezikhethiwe zingagxila ekubuseni ngokugcwele, ekuthuthukiseni ulwazi, futhi zilawuleni ukuyinkimbinkimbi kwesimiso sanamuhla.

Ukuhlanganyela Ebuthweni Lentando Yeningi

Ukuthatha i-demokrase kudlulela ekuvoteleni ukukhuthaza ukuhileleka okuqhubekayo kwesakhamuzi ezimisweni zokwenza izinqumo. Lokhu kungahlanganisa imihlangano yamahholo asedolobheni, imikhandlu yomphakathi, ukuqulwa kwecala lomphakathi, nokusetshenziswa kwemali yokulawula, njengoba kusetshenziswa emadolobheni anjengePorto Alegre, eBrazil. Umgomo uwukwenza ukubusa kube nokusabela okwengeziwe futhi kuhlanganiswe ngokunikeza abantu abavamile izwi eliqondile ezindabeni ezithinta ukuphila kwabo kwansuku zonke.

Ukubusa Ngentando Yeningi Okuzimele

Intando yeningi ezimele igcizelela ingxoxo exoxisanayo nempikiswano ngaphambi kokuba kwenziwe izinqumo. Kunokuba imane ikhiphe amavoti, izakhamuzi nabameleli bazo bahlanganyela enqubweni yokuhlomela ehloselwe ukufinyelela ukuvumelana noma ukuthuthukisa umbono womphakathi. Izibonelo zihlanganisa izigijimi zezakhamuzi, iziphetho ezizimele, nemihlangano engokomthetho. Intando yeningi ifuna ukuveza izinqumo ezingezona nje kuphela eziyinhloko kodwa ezisemthethweni nezisemthethweni.

Intando Yeningi Yomthetho - sisekelo

Idemokrasi yomthetho-sisekelo isebenza ngaphansi komthetho-sisekelo obhaliwe noma ongabhalwanga obeka imingcele embusweni kahulumeni futhi ufaka amalungelo ayisisekelo. Lokhu kulinganisela ububanzi bomthetho omkhulu ngokufuna ukuba izimiso ezithile zokwenza inqubo efanelekile, kanye namalungelo empahla. I-United States, Canada, Australia, kanye nezizwe eziningi zaseYurophu zibe nedemokrati yomthetho-siseko.

Ukuziphendukela Okungokomlando Kwentando Yeningi

Ukuthuthuka kwayo iminyaka eyizinkulungwane, okuphawulwa ukuvela kwezinhlelo ezintsha, izithiyo nemizabalazo yokufakwa kuyo, akuzange kuqale ngokuphelele.

Imvelaphi Yasendulo

Idemokrasi yokuqala yezwe eyaziwayo yavela e-Athene cishe ngo-508 BCE ngaphansi kwezinguquko zikaCleisthenes. Idemokrasi yase-Athens yayiyisimiso esiqondile lapho zonke izakhamuzi zabesilisa ezikhululekile zingahlanganyela khona eMhlanganweni, eMkhandlwini wamadoda angu 500, nasezinkantolo ezidumile. Nokho, yakhipha abesifazane, izigqila, nabantu bakwamanye amazwe, yanciphisa izinga lazo. IRome Republic (509922) yasungula umthetho oxubene nezimantshisi ezikhethiwe, iSigebengu, nemihlangano edumile, eyayithonya umqondo wezwe kamuva.

Intuthuko Yenkathi Ephakathi NeyangeNkathi Yempucuko

Ngemva kokuwa kweRoma, ukubusa kwentando yeningi kwanyamalala kakhulu eYurophu, kuthathelwe indawo ubufandala nobukhosi. Nokho, ezinye izinhlangano zalondoloza izici zokuxhumana, njenge-Iceland Althing (emisiwe ngo-930 CE), iPhalamende laseNgilandi (eliqala ekhulwini le-13 leminyaka), kanye neSwiss Landsgemeinde. Izihlakaniphi zenguquko njengoNicoljiar à Machiavellick zavuselela isithakazelo sokubusa kweRepublicance, kuyilapho iNguquko yasungula imibono yonembeza nemvume yabantu ngabanye.

Inkathi Yokukhanyiselwa

Ikhulu le-17 nele-18 laveza izisekelo zefilosofi zentando yeningi yanamuhla. UJohn Locke walwela amalungelo emvelo nelungelo lezakhamuzi lokugumbuqela ababusi abangalungile. UJean-Jacques Rousseau umqondo “uzokwetha” wagcizelela ubukhosi obuthandwayo. INguquko yaseMelika (17766) neNguquko yaseFrance (1789) yahumusha lemiqondo, idala amarepublic asekelwe emithethweni engokomthetho ebhaliwe, izikweleti zamalungelo, nezinhlangano ezimeleli. Ukwanda kwe-suffragejengs(aphopholisholisholo yempahla, imigoqo, imingcele yezinhlanga, nemithetho emishayo, ubulili (7779) yaqala ukuthatha imingcele yamakhulu eminyaka yezenzo nokulwa kwempi.

Amagagasi Okuphelelwa Ikhono

Isazi sezezombangazwe uSamuel Huntington saphawula amaza amathathu okuncishiswa kwedemokrasi emlandweni wanamuhla. Igagasi lokuqala (11820s-1920) laba nokwanda kwezinhlangano zentando yeningi eNtshonalanga Yurophu, e-United States, namazwe angaphansi kweBrithani. Igagasi lesibili (1940-1960s) lalandela iMpi Yezwe II, njengokususa idemokratism nekwanqotshwa kwefascism kwaholela e-democraticism entsha e-Asiya, e-Afrika, nase-Latin America. Igasi lesithathu (1970-19990) laletha ukubusa ngentando yeningizimu Yurophu, i-Latin America, iMpuma Yurophu ngemva kokuwa kweSoviet Union, nezingxenye ze-Asiya. Namuhla, ngokwe-[FLDY] [FF:] [F1]

Izinzuzo Zentando Yeningi

Imibuso emelene nemibuso iletha izinzuzo ezingokoqobo ezinomthelela enhlalakahleni, ekuzinzeni, nasekuchumeni kwabantu.

  • Ukukhokha-mali kanye nokubonisa ngaphaya: Izikhulu eziqashelwe kumelwe ziphendule umphakathi. Imithombo yezindaba ekhululekile, ama-pistle azimele, kanye namaqembu okuphikiswa adalula ukonakala nokungakhonzi.
  • Ukuvikelwa kwamalungelo:[ Imithetho-sisekelo, izindleko zamalungelo, nezinkantolo ezizimele zivikela inkululeko yokukhuluma, yokunyathelisa, yenkolo, neyokuhlangana, ukunciphisa ingozi yokucindezelwa uhulumeni.
  • [ Ukudluliselwa ngokuthula kwamandla: Izinhlelo zinikeza abaholi abashintshayo nezinqubo ezinobudlova. I-democracca ayivamile ukuya empini yodwa, ngokuthola ukuthi inkolelo yokuthula yentando yeningi.
  • Ukukhula kwezomnotho: idemokrati eqinile ithambekele ekuthuthukiseni indawo engcono yebhizinisi, ukuvikela amalungelo empahla, nokutshala emfundweni nasezingeni lesisekelo, okuholela emazingeni aphakeme okukhula kwesikhathi eside.
  • Ubulungisa be-Sactic:[ Izimiso zedemocratic zisabela kakhulu ezidingweni zamaqembu ancishisiwe, zithuthukisa izimiso ezinciphisa ukungalingani futhi zandisa ukutholakala kwempilo, imfundo, nezindlu.
  • Isivumelwano sentando yeningi: ikhuthaza ukuthatha iqhaza komphakathi, okwakha inhloko - dolobha yezenhlalo nomuzwa wokuba nomthwalo wemfanelo wokusizana.

Izinselele Zentando Yeningi

Izinselele zangesikhathi esizayo zisongela ukuqina nokufaneleka kwezimiso zentando yeningi emhlabeni wonke.

Ukonakala

Lapho izikhulu zomphakathi zisebenzisa amandla azo ukuze zizuze ngasese, ukuthembela ezinhlanganweni ezikhohliswayo. Ukonakala kungaba ngezindlela eziningi: ukufumbathisa, ukuphambanisa, ukuxhaphaza kwezezimali, nokusetshenziswa kabi kwezezimali. Kululaza isimiso sokulingana kwezombangazwe ngokuvumela abacebile ukuba bathenge ithonya. Amazwe anezinga eliphakeme lenkohlakalo ngokuvamile abona umvoti ophansi nomthetho ophansi.

Ukwenezelwa Kwezombangazwe

Ukuhlukana okujulile phakathi kwamaqembu ezombangazwe namaqembu emibono kungaholela ekufuneni izivumelwano zomthetho, izinxushunxushu zezenhlalo, nokuwohloka kwezimiso. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ukuhlukana kukhuthaza abavoti ukuba babheke abamelene nabo njengezitha kunokuba babheke izitha ezingokomthetho. Lendawo yenza kube nzima ukuhlehla futhi kungaqeda inhlonipho ngezinhlangano zentando yeningi.

Ukunganaki Nokungahlanganyeli Kakhulu

Uma izakhamuzi zikhetha ukungavoti noma ukungahlanganyeli, ukubusa kuba yisimeleli esincane. Ukuhamba phansi ngokuvamile kuthinta intsha, abantu abampofu, nabambalwa, okuza kuqala kwezimiso. Ukunganaki komsindo kungabangelwa ukudumazeka, ukuntuleka kokwaziswa, noma ukuhluleka kwalesi simiso.

Ukungaqondi Nokungaqondi

Ukusakazeka ngokushesha kokwaziswa okungamanga noma okudukisayo kuyi-inthanethi kuye kwaba usongo olukhulu ekuhlobiseni ngentando yeningi. Abadlali bangaphandle namaqembu asekhaya bangasebenzisa imibono yomphakathi, ukunqanda ukubhadana, noma bavuselele ubudlova. Imithetho elawula imithombo yezindaba ivame ukuveza izinto ezivusa isithakazelo, okwenza kube nzima ngezakhamuzi ukuba zihlukanise iqiniso nezindaba eziqanjiwe. Ukungakhulumisani kudinga ukufundwa kwemithombo yezindaba, ukulandisa emapulatifomu, nokuzimela amaphephandaba.

Ukusakaza I - populism Nokuvinjelwa Ngentando Yeningi

Abaholi be-populist abathi bamelela “abantu” abathi bamelela abantu abavelele abanonya, ngokuvamile bahlola nokulinganisela, amajaji, amaphephandaba akhululekile, namalungelo amancane. Nakuba bengase banqobe okhetho, izenzo zabo zingakhipha idemokrasi phakathi. Izibonelo zihlanganisa imizamo yokulahla izinkantolo ezizimele, ukuqeda ukuphikiswa, nokugxilisa ingqondo emandleni aphethe. Ngokwe- [izingamandla ombuso we-Democracy [V-DEM] umsebenzi [FT:1], inani lezindawo zokhetho lokubusa ngentando yeningi liye lancipha eminyakeni yamuva, futhi amazwe amaningi abhekene “nokuzinziswa kwemithetho ezimele.”

Ukungalingani Kwezomnotho

Ukugcwala kwengcebo okuphakeme kuphazamisa ukulingana kwezombangazwe. Izigwili ziyakwazi ukufinyelela kwezazi zezombangazwe, ukuthonya, nemithombo yezindaba, okuzenza zikwazi ukuhlela izimiso zezezimali ukuze zizuzise zona. Izimiso zezezimali zenkampano ezivumela ukusetshenziswa okungenamingcele kungenza okhetho lube izikhangiso. Intela eziqhubekayo, inguquko yezezimali, nezinkonzo zomphakathi eziqinile zingasiza ekulweni nalemiphumela.

Indlela Intando Yeningi Esebenza Ngayo: Izinkonzo Nezinhlelo Eziyinhloko

Ukuqonda izinqubo ezenza ukubusa ngentando yeningi kusiza izakhamuzi ukuba ziqonde indima yazo namandla alesi simiso.

Inqubo Ye - eector

Isinqumo siyisisekelo sokuziphendulela kwentando yeningi. Lenqubo ihlanganisa: ukuvota (ukuqinisekisa kuphela ukuthi izakhamuzi zifanelekele ukuvota); umkhankaso (lapho amaqembu nabazobhapathizwa beletha khona amapulatifomu abo); ukuvota (ngokungafihliwe ukuthi bavimbela ukuphoqelelwa); ukubala nokuqinisekisa; nokumemezela imiphumela. Ukhetho olukhululekile nolungakho ludinga izimemezelo ezizimele zokuvota, ukufinyelela eziteshini zokuvota, nokuvikela ekukhohliseni noma ekusoleni. Imibuso eminingi ye-democracracy isebenzisa futhi ukuveza i-paceccoce, ukuvota okunelwe, noma izimiso ezixubileyo ukuguqula amavoti engcono izikhundla.

Ukuhlukana Kwamandla

Ukuvimbela noma yiliphi igatsha likahulumeni ukuba libe namandla kakhulu, lihlukanise igunya lentando yeningi phakathi kwegunya lesikhulu (imithetho elawulayo), i-guagio (imithetho engokomthetho), kanye nokwahlulela (inikeza imithetho). Lokhu kwahlukana, kuhlangene namasheke nezilinganiso, kuqinisekisa ukuthi igatsha ngalinye lingayilinganisela eminye. Ngokwesibonelo, isishaya-mthetho ungamisa amajaji angaphansi kwemvume yemithetho yemithetho, futhi i-jadiciary ingamisa imithetho ephula umthetho.

Umphakathi Wangaphakathi Namaqembu Anesithakazelo

Ngaphandle kukahulumeni, umphakathi wezakhamuzi onamandla − uhlanganisa izinhlangano zezentengiselwano, izinyunyana zezohwebo, izinkampani ezingochwepheshe, kanye namaqembu omphakathi — ufeza indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni izithakazelo, ukubeka amandla, nokunikeza izinkonzo. Amaqembu anesithakazelo amukela izimbangela ezithile, kuyilapho izinhlangano eziqaphile ziqondisa ukuziphatha kukahulumeni futhi zazisa umphakathi.

Imithombo Yezindaba Nemithombo Yezindaba Ekhululekile

Imithombo yezindaba ekhululekile nezimele ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi “indawo yesine” ngoba idalula ukuxhashazwa, ukutshelwa kwezakhamuzi, futhi inikeza isikhulumi sengxoxo yomphakathi. Ukufakwa kwezincwadi zezezimali kubalulekile ekuvuleni inkohlakalo nasekubekeni abaholi ukuba balandise. Eziningi idemokrasi, izinkonzo zokusakaza umphakathi (njenge-BBC) zihlose ukunikeza izindaba ezingakhethi, kuyilapho izimemezelo zomuntu siqu zinikeza imibono ehlukahlukene. Ukuvela kwezokuxhumana kwamanani kubangele kokubili ukwaziswa okungagunyaziswe futhi kwakha izinselele zokwaziswa namagumbi okungenandaba.

Imfundiso NoMthetho

Izinkantolo ezisebuthweni lentando yeningi kumelwe zizimele ekucindezeleni kwezombangazwe. Indima yazo ihlanganisa ukuchaza umthetho-sisekelo, ukuveza izimpikiswano, ukuvikela amalungelo, nokuqinisekisa ukuthi izenzo zikahulumeni zihlala ngaphakathi kwemingcele engokomthetho. Ukuhlola kokwahlulela kuvumela izinkantolo ukuba zishaye imithetho engavumelani nemithetho engokomthetho. Ukumisa abahluleli ngezinqubo ezikhanyayo futhi ubavikele ekususeni ukungakhethi kwabo.

Indima Yezakhamuzi Embusweni Wentando Yeningi

Ukubusa ngentando yeningi akuwona umdlalo obonwayo, kudinga ukuba izakhamuzi zihlanganyele ngentshiseko, zinolwazi ukuze zihlale zinempilo.

Ukukhangisa Nokukhetha

Ukuvota kuyisenzo esiyisisekelo kakhulu sokuhlanganyela kwentando yeningi. Izakhamuzi kufanele zibhalise, zicwaninge, futhi zifake izivoti zazo kunoma yiluphi ukhetho(lonke) olusendaweni, lwesifunda, nolwesizwe. Izinga lokuvota lihluka kakhulu phakathi kwamazwe; emazweni anokuvota okuphoqelelwe njenge-Australia, lidlula amaphesenti angu-90, kuyilapho e-United States limi phambili cishe ku-60% kukhetho lobumongameli. Izinqumo zaphansi zenziwa ngesilinganiso esincane somphakathi.

Imfundo Yesibalo

Ukuqonda indlela uhulumeni osebenza ngayo, amalungelo avikelwe ngayo, nendlela yokuhlanganyela enqubweni yezombangazwe kubalulekile. Izikole, imitapo, nezinhlangano zomphakathi zinomthwalo wemfanelo wokufundisa ulwazi lomphakathi nokugxeka. Ngaphandle kwemfundo eyanele yomphakathi, izakhamuzi zisengozini enkulu yokuthola ukwaziswa okunganembile nokungagunyazi.

Ukuhlala Unolwazi

Izikhulu zixhomeke kubavoti abanolwazi. Izakhamuzi kufanele zifune imithombo yezindaba ethembekile, zifunde ngalé kwezihloko eziphambili zezindaba futhi ziqinisekise ukwaziswa ngaphambi kokuba zikuxoxele. Ukuhlanganyela nemibono ehlukahlukene . Kuhlanganise naleyo ebekela izinkolelo zakho inselele.

Ukuvukela Nokuqondisa Okunokuthula

Uma imithetho noma izimiso zingalungile, izakhamuzi zinelungelo lokuhlanganisa, ukunxusa, nokuphikisa ngokuthula. Umlando ubonisa ukuthi utshani bususa izinhlangano zokwenza izinqumo kusuka emzabalazweni wamalungelo abantu e-United States kuya emzabalazweni we-Unitarianism ePoland(ukube amathonya amakhulu oshintsho lwentando yeningi). Imikhankaso yokubhalisa, ukubhala izincwadi, nokuhlangana nezikhulu ezikhethiwe kuthonya futhi ukwenza izinqumo.

Ukugijima Ngenxa Yehhovisi Nenkonzo Yomphakathi

Enye yezindlela eziqondile zokuhlela ukubusa iwukuba usekeli wesikhundla somphakathi. Imibuso eminingi yentando yeningi inezinqubo zokukhuthaza izakhamuzi ezivamile ukuba ziqhube, kuhlanganise nemithetho yezezimali nemingcele yemithetho yezezimali. Ukukhonza emabhodini esikole endawo, emikhandlwini yamadolobha, noma kumakomiti ahlanganisayo kunikeza amathuba okunikela ngaphandle kokufuna isikhundla sezwe.

Isiphetho

Isimiso sombuso wentando yeningi sinamandla, sincike ekuhlanganyeleni okunentshiseko kwezakhamuzi ezinolwazi, izinhlangano eziqinile, kanye nesiko lokubekezelelana. Nakuba sibhekene nezinselele ezingathi sína − kuhlanganise nokulahla inkululeko, ukuhlukanisa, nokubuyela emuva kwentando yeningi (izimiso zobukhosi obuthandwayo, ukulingana kwezombangazwe, kanye nokubusa komthetho wentando yeningi kuhlala kusebenza kakhulu kunanini ngaphambili. Ukufundisa nokufunda ngentando yeningi akuwona umsebenzi owenzwe wesikhashana; kuwukuzimisela ukuvikela nokuthuthukisa izimiso ezivikelayo. iZizwe ezihlangene , iphawula ukuthi ukubusa ngentando yeningi kuyasebenza nenkululeko eyisisekelo. Umthwalo wemfanelo wokusekela umbuso wentando yeningi awukho owenziwa isizukulwane ngasinye. Ngokuqonda indlela inqubo yentando yentando yentando yeningi, ukuhlanganisa nezokubusa kwezakhamuzi bezombangazwe, nokuphatha izakhamuzi bezombangazwe, bezokuvikela isilinganiso sombuso, ukuqinisekisa ukubusa kombuso wokuchuma, konke, ukuchuma, ukubusa, konke, ukubusa, ukuphumelela, ukubusa, ukuphumelela, konke.