Izintela zempahla zivame ukuchazwa njengendawo ekhokhwayo yezimali zikahulumeni wendawo, kodwa ithonya labo alikhona neze izimali zikamasipala. Kubanikazi, abaqashi, nabanikazi bebhizinisi ngokufanayo, lezintela zilungisa izinga lezikole, ukuphepha kwezindawo, ukutholakala kwezindawo zokuhlala, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezindawo zokukhokha intela. Ukuqonda intela yempahla akunciphi nje kuphela izindleko ezibalulekile zasekhaya kodwa futhi kunika nezakhamuzi amandla okuhlanganyela ngokunenjongo ezinqumweni zomphakathi. Kulesiqondiso esikhudlwanayo, sihlola indlela intela elinganiswa ngayo, indlela ezithinta ngayo ngokuqondile ngayo izinkonzo zomphakathi, kanye namasu alezi zintela ezingawasebenzisa ngayo ukuphatha umthwalo wazo wokukhokha intela lapho zihlala zihleli embusweni yendawo.

Iyini Intela Yempahla?

Izintela zempahla ziyintela enzima kakhulu, okusho ukuthi zisekelwe entengoni yezindawo nezindawo zokwenza izakhiwo ezihlukene ngokuthanda kwawo, ngokungafani nezintela zemali eholwayo noma intela yezemali, ezishintshashintshayo ngeholo noma ukusetshenziswa, intela yempahla inikeza inzuzo eqinile ehambisana nendawo ezungezile. Lokhu kuqina kuvumela ohulumeni bendawo ukuba bahlele izimali zeminyaka eminingi yemisebenzi ebalulekile.

Ngokomlando, intela yempahla isukela emuva eMelika ewubukhomanisi, lapho baxhasa khona imigwaqo yendawo nemishini. Namuhla, bahlala bewumthombo owodwa wemali ekhokhwayo yohulumeni bendawo eUnited States, izibalo zayo ezingaphezulu kwamaphesenti angu-30 ayo yonke intela yendawo ngokwenani le .S. Census Bureaution’s Annuary of State and Social Governmentmentmentmentments[. Nakuba isakhiwo sabo sihlukahluka ngokwezwe ngokwezwe, isimiso sesimiso semvelo sivumelana: abanikazi bempahla bakhokhe ingxenye yenani elifanele lempahla yabo ukusekela umphakathi.

Izindawo ezikhokhwa intela zihlanganisa izindlu zokuhlala, izakhiwo zezentengiselwano, izindawo ezingekho, futhi ngezinye izikhathi impahla yomuntu siqu njengezimoto noma imishini yebhizinisi.

Indlela Intela Yempahla Ebalwa Ngayo

Ukuqonda incazelo yentela yempahla kungasiza abaninikhaya ukuba baqiniseke ukuthi abakhokhi ngokweqile futhi bawaphawule amathuba okukhokha imali.

Ukubaluleka Kwazo Kuhlolwa

Izihloli zentela zendawo zinquma inani [[FLT: 0] elihlolwayo lempahla, elingalingani nenani layo lezentengiselwano. Izindawo eziningi zisebenzisa isilinganiso senani lokuhlola(iphesenti elimisiwe lenani lezentengiselwano/ukufika emalini yokuhlola. Njengesibonelo, ikhaya elinenani lentengo engu-R340 000 (R1,50 000) lingahlolwa ngenani elilinganiselwayo lamadola angu-20 000). Amanye amazwe asebenzisa isilinganiso sonyaka andali elinganisweni yenani lokuhlola (umz., iProposi yeCalifornia) ukuvikela abanikazi bekhaya emarishibhini aphambili entela.

Izinga Lentela Nesilinganiso Semikhawulo

Isilinganiso sentela ngokuvamile sichazwa njengesilinganiso sokugaya, lapho isigayo esisodwa silingana khona nentela engu-R1 000 ngenani elihlolwayo. Impahla evamile ingabhekana nesilinganiso esihlangene semali yentela yezikhulu eziningi [1] njengesifunda sesifunda, isifunda sesikole, nesifunda somlilo. Ngokwesibonelo, umninikhaya esifundeni onengqikithi yemali engama-awelitha angu-35 ngenani elilinganayo lama-R240 000 angakhokha isamba ngonyaka (R1,00 000).

Amazinga entela abekwa phakathi nokuqulwa kwemali yendawo, lapho izikhulu ezikhethiwe nezakhamuzi ziphikisana khona ngokuchitha izinto eziza kuqala. Tax Foundation inikeza ukuqhathaniswa kwentela yempahla ephumelelayo ngokwesifundazwe, okubonisa ukwehlukahluka okukhulu kusukela cishe cishe ku-0.3% eHawaii kuya ku-2% eNew Jersey nase Illinois.

Isihlengo Nezikweletu

Intethelelo inciphisa ingxenye ekhokhelwayo yenani lempahla. Inkululeko evamile ihlanganisa:

  • Homestead Expection:[[FL:1] Ikhona ezindlini eziyinhloko ezisebenza umnini, inciphisa inani elilinganiselwayo ngenani elimisiwe lemali (umz., $25 000 eTexas).
  • Izakhamuzi ezinciphisanayo: ukunciphiswa kwenkathi, ngokuvamile okungakhokhelwa.
  • [ Intengo:[[FL:1] Kumuntu osekhubazekile noma oshade naye osaphila.
  • [ I-Agricultural ne-servation Exestence: ku-'indawo esetshenziswayo ekulimeni noma ekugcineni indawo evulekileyo.

Ezinye izifunda zinikeza izikweleti zesifunda ezilinganisela intela ehholweni elihlawulwayo emikhayeni ehhhala kakhulu nengenamali elinganiselwe. Ukusebenzisela lentela kunganciphisa kakhulu intela, kodwa abanikazi abaningi abafanelekayo bamakhaya bayaziphuthelwa ngenxa yokungaziqapheli.

Indlela yokusebenzisa ingafingqwa ngokuthi:

[ ITaxi yezentengo = (Inani elibekelwe i-× Assessment Ratiation) – Ukukhulula × Millage Rate / 1000

Ngokombiko ka - 2023 we - Lincoln Institute of Land Policy, kusetshenziswa izinhlelo zentela zempahla yabaninikhaya abathola imali encane emazweni angu - 36, kodwa amazinga okuhlanganyela angaphansi kwamaphesenti angu - 50 emikhankaso eminingi.

Umphumela Wentela Yempahla Ezinhlanganweni Zomphakathi

Intela yempahla ibaluleke kakhulu ezinkonzweni zendawo. Izindawo ezilandelayo zincike kakhulu kulemali:

Imfundo

Izikole zikahulumeni K-12 zithola ingxenye enkulu yemali yazo yokusebenza ezinkokhisweni zempahla zendawo. Ezifundazweni eziningi, isifunda sesikole sikhokha intela enkulu kakhulu yengqikithi yemali ebhaliwe. Lezizimali zihlanganisa amaholo othisha, izincwadi zobuchwepheshe, ukulungiswa, nezinhlelo zokwakha ezingaphezulu. Izinga lokunakekela impahla yendawo kuthinta inzuzo yempahla ngokuqondile, kudala indida ekhokhelwayo: izikole ezinhle zikhanga imikhaya ekhokha izintela zempahla ezingaphezulu, isekela kakhulu izikole.

Ukuphepha Komphakathi

Amaphoyisa neminyango yokucima umlilo, izinkonzo zezokwelapha eziphuthumayo, kanye nezikhungo zokuthumela cishe zixhaswe indawo yonke. Intela yempahla ikhokhwa izimoto eziqaphayo, iziteshi zomlilo, izikhungo zokuqeqesha, neholo lokuqala elikhokhelwayo. Izinhlangano ezinezikhungo zentela eziphezulu zingalondoloza inqubo esheshayo kanye nemishini engcono, kuyilapho labo abanezindinganiso eziwohlokayo bengase balwele ukugcina izinkonzo ezingeni eliphephile.

Izakhiwo Nezokuhamba

Imigwaqo, amabhuloho, imigwaqwe, izibani zasemgwaqweni, nezimiso zokugawula amanzi zixhomeke enkokhelweni yentela yempahla yokwakha izakhiwo. Ngokwesibonelo, isifunda singanikeza izibopho ezisekelwa yintela yempahla yesikhathi esizayo ukuze sakhe ukuxhumana okusha, zisakaza izindleko zamashumi eminyaka. Izinhlangano ezithumela intela yempahla ezindaweni eziningi.

Amapaki, Imitapo Yezincwadi, Nokuzijabulisa

Amapaki omphakathi, izikhungo zomphakathi, amadamu okubhukuda, nemitapo yezincwadi ngokuvamile kuxhomeke ekukhokheleni intela yempahla enikezelwe. Izincwadi zingavumela isilinganiso esihlanganisayo esikhuphula intela ngenjongo ethile, njengokuthuthukisa izindawo zokudlala noma ukwakha igatsha lomtapo wezincwadi. Lezizinto azigcini ngokuthuthukisa izinga lokuphila kodwa futhi ziphakamisa nenani lempahla eliseduze.

Ezinye Izinkonzo Ezibalulekile

Intela yempahla isekela nezinhlangano zezempilo, ukulawulwa komiyane, ukulahlwa kwemfucumfucu nezinhlelo zabantu abadala nabasha.

Indima Yentela Yempahla Ekubusweni Kwezindawo

Ngenxa yokuthi izikhulu zendawo kumelwe zibeke intela yentela futhi zivumele ukusetshenziswa kwemali, abakhokhi bentela bafaka isigwebo esiqondile endleleni imali yabo esetshenziswa ngayo.

Inqubo Yohlelo Lokusetshenziswa Kohlelo Lokusetshenziswa Kwemali

Unyaka ngamunye, izisebenzi zikahulumeni wendawo zilungiselela izimali ezihlongozwayo ezihlongozwayo ezikhokha intela yempahla nezindleko ezihlelwayo. Lezi ziphakamiso zibukezwa imikhandlu ekhethiwe, amabhodi, noma amakhomishane phakathi nemihlangano yomphakathi. Izakhamuzi zingakhuluma ngentela eyandayo noma ngokumelene nayo, zisikisela ukuthunyelwa kwentela, noma imfuneko yokubona kangcono. Izindawo eziningi zidingeka ngokomthetho ukuba zibambe ukuqulwa kweqiniso ngaphambi kokukhuphuka kwenani.

Amathuba Okuhlanganyela Ezakhamuzi

Abakhokhi bempahla bangathonya ukubusa kwendawo ngezindlela eziningana:

  • Ihlela uhlelo lokuhlela imali oluhlongozwayo: Lezindlebe zilapho injoloba ihlangana khona nomgwaqo(inginginya) ingabuza ukuthi kungani umsebenzi wokubuyisela umgwaqo wephuzile noma ukuthi izimali ezengeziwe zingabhekiswa ezimisweni zesikole.
  • Ukuvota okhethweni bendawo: amalungu ebhodi lesikole, abasunguli bomkhandlu wedolobha, nabaphathi besifunda sombuso benza izinqumo eziyinhloko ezilinganisweni zentela yempahla kanye nemali echithwayo. I-Turnout kukhetho lwendawo ngokuvamile iphansi, inikeza abavoti abanolwazi ithonya elingcono.
  • Ukukhonza emabhodini nasemishinini:[[FL:1] amabhodi okuhlela, amakomiti ezezimali, kanye namabhodi e-paki avumela izakhamuzi ukuba zihlele ngokuqondile indlela ama-dollar entela ahlelwa ngayo.
  • Ukuhlanganyela ekubopheni ama-athenderum: Imisebenzi emikhulu idinga ukuvunyelwa kovoti ngezindaba zesibopho ezandisa izintela zempahla. La ma-asendim anika umphakathi i-pixel ekungeniseni imali esikhathini eside.

Ukubona Kahle Nokulandisa

Ezinye izifundazwe zidinga ukuba ohulumeni bendawo banyathelise intela ecacile futhi baveze indlela esetshenziswa ngayo izimali. Inhlangano yesizwe ye-Coualies imikhondo engcono kakhulu yezindlela zokubonana kuma-inthanethi okubonisana, usiza izakhamuzi ukuba zibone ukuthi imali yazo yempahla ihambaphi ngempela.

Izinselele Ezihlobene Nentela Yempahla

Naphezu kwezinzuzo zazo, izintela zempahla zingabangela izinselele ezinkulu kubaninimakhaya nasemiphakathini, ikakhulukazi lapho izimakethe zezindlu ziwohloka noma lapho ukungalingani kwezomnotho kwanda.

Ukuhlonipheka Nomthwalo Wentela

Izindinganiso zamakhaya ezinyukayo zingaphoqelela izintela zempahla ngaphezu kwalezo abanikazi bezindlu abangazikhokha. Ezimakethe ezisheshayo, ukwanda kwentela yaminyaka yonke kungadlula ukwenyuka kwemali edonswayo. Lokhu kukhulu kakhulu ngezakhamuzi esezikhulile ezinezindlu ezikhululekile nezisobala kodwa ezibhekene nezikweleti ezinyukayo. Ezinye izifunda zikhuluma ngalokhu ngezinhlelo ezilinganisela intela noma izikweletu zesifunda, kodwa akuzona zonke izifunda ezinikeza usizo olunjalo.

Ukungalingani Nokushiyeka

Izintela zempahla ngokuvamile zigxekwa njengeziwukwehlisayo ngoba imikhaya ethola imali encane ichitha ingxenye enkulu yemali yayo ezindlini zokuhlala nakukhokha izintela zempahla. Abaqaphi, nakuba bengakhokhi ngokuqondile izintela zempahla, bathwala izindleko ngokukhokhela intela ekhudlwana. Ngaphandle kwentela ezanele, abanikazi bezindlu ezikhokhelwa imali ephansi bangaphoqelelwa ukuthengisa amakhaya abo ("ifekthri ngezikhathi ezithile ebizwa "intengiselwano ekhuthazwe ngegunyazwe impahla""

Ukuhlola okwenziwa i - Urban Institute kwathola ukuthi ezindaweni eziningi ze - metro, intela yempahla ephumelelayo emakhaya alinganiselwa ngaphansi kuka - R250 000 yayiphakeme ngokuphindwe izikhathi ezingu - 1,5 kunasemakhaya abiza imali engaphezu kuka - R5 500 000, ngenxa yeziphakethe zokuhlola eziphansi zezakhiwo ezinezindinganiso eziphakeme.

Ukwanda Kwezentengiselwano

Phakathi nokuwohloka kwezomnotho, inzuzo yempahla ingancipha, inciphe intela efunwayo kuyilapho imfuno yemisebenzi yomphakathi (njengosizo lokungabikho komsebenzi noma amabhange okudla) iyanda. Lamandla angafanelaniyo ohulumeni bendawo anciphisa izinkonzo noma anyuse amazinga entela, okungase kuqede ubunzima bezakhamuzi. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, izikhungo zentela zingase ziwise isikhungo sentela, okuholela ekuncipheni kwenani lenkonzo nokulahlekelwa kwabantu.

Amaphutha Nokukhanga

Ukuhlola izakhiwo akunembile njalo. Ukuhlaziya okungu-2021 [ku- i-Shashington Post kwathola ukuthi i-10% yokuhlolwa kwentela ezindaweni eziningi inephutha elidlula ku-20% yenani elilungile. Imali ehhhayitiwe nezindawo ezimbalwa incitshiswe ngokungenakulinganiswa, ngokwenhlolo evela ku- Inhlangano ye-Lin Colcn yezwe Policy[[. Abanikazi abasekhaya abahlulekayo ukudlulisa izinkulungwane kunabo abafanele.

Izikhungo Zokuqondisa Intela Yempahla

Ukuba ngomatasa kungasiza abanikazi bezindlu ukuba banciphise umthwalo wabo wentela futhi bagweme amaphutha abizayo.

Qonda Imicabango Yakho

Hlola ukuhlola izakhiwo zakho unyaka ngamunye. Hlola ukuthi izici zempahla (isigaxa, inani lamakamelo okulala, ubukhulu obukhulu) zilungile. Imininingwane yezohwebo ngokufanayo kufanele itholakale ehhovisi lakho lomhloli noma kuma-panethiwekhi. Uma uthola amaphutha, amahele ayisici esingokomthetho `izindawo eziningi ezinefasitela elifushane ngemva kokuba isaziso sithunyelwe.

Cela Konke Ukukhululwa

Hamba umnyango wakho we-website yomhloli wentela wesifunda ukuze uthole ukuthi yisiphi isikhala esikufanelekelayo. Abanikazi abaningi bamakhaya baphuthelwa indawo yokudededelwa ngenxa nje yokuthi abagcwalisanga isicelo sokuqala. Omadala, omakadlelwano, nabantu abakhubazekile kufanele bahlole ngokukhethekile izinhlelo ezikhona. Ezinye izifundazwe zinikeza futhi ukulungiselela intela mahhala nosizo olugciniwe kwabakhulile abathola imali ephansi.

Hlola Izinguquko Ezibangelwa Ukukhokha Intela Kwendawo

Kukhona noma ulalele amarekhodi ekhomishane yesifundazwe nemihlangano yesikole. Izinhlelo zokwandisa izinga lokugaya noma lokukhipha izibopho ezintsha ziyoqashelwa obala. Ngokuhlala unolwazi, ungasho ukuphikiswa kokuhamba ngentela okungalawuleki noma ukusekela ukutshala imali okungakholisa izinga lempahla.

Cabanga Ngecebo Lokukhokha Intela

Uma ukukhokha isigaxa kunzima, izilinganiso eziningi zinikeza izinhlelo ezithile ngengxenye eyodwa kwezine noma nyanga zonke. Abanye bavumela ukukhokhwa ngama-akhawunti alawulwa ababolekisi bendlu, ukusakaza izindleko ezingaphezu kwezinyanga eziyi-12. Izijeziso zamuva zinganezela ngokushesha, ngakho gwema ukuphelelwa kwezinsuku.

Hlola Izinhlelo Ezimelene Nentela

Kubanikazi bemizi abangaphezu kuka-65 noma abakhubazekile, ezinye izifundazwe zivumela ukuba imali yentela yempahla ihlehliswe kuze kuthengiswe indlu. Nakuba lokhu kungaqedi intela, kungadambisa ukucindezela kokugeleza kwemali. Nokho, inzalo ngokuvamile ibuye ibuye, ngakho isetshenziswa kangcono njengekhambi lesikhashana.

Izinhlangano Zesifunda Zezakhiwo Zentela

Izimiso zentela zempahla zihluka kakhulu kwezinye izindawo.

  • Ikhalifonia izikhonkwane zaminyaka yonke zinyuka nge 2% ngaphansi kweprocessing 13, kodwa ukubukeza kuveza inani eligcwele lentengo edayiswayo. Lokhu kudala umehluko phakathi kwabaphathi besikhathi eside nabathengi abasha.
  • [ ayinantela kahulumeni, ngakho intela yempahla iphakeme cishe (ngokuvamile ingaphezulu kwe 2% yenani lentengo yezentengiselwano. Izikole zithembele kakhulu ezintelani zendawo, okuholela ekuhlukahlukani okukhulu kwezimali phakathi kwezifunda ezicebile nezimpofu.
  • [ AmaMassachusetts asebenzisa umthetho "Iprojekthi 22/2" ulinganisela ingqikithi ye-levy inyukela ku 2,5% ngonyaka kanye nokwakhiwa okusha, kunikeza ukubikezelwa.
  • New York[ inezimiso zokuhlola eziyinkimbinkimbi lapho amanye ama-oces ahlola futhi minyaka yonke kuyilapho amanye enza kanjalo kuphela uma impahla ithengiswa.

Le mithetho isho ukuthi abanikazi bezindlu abahamba benqamule imigqa kahulumeni kufanele bacwaninge ngokucophelela imithwalo yentela yendawo. Izibalo zemali ehlawulwayo [ zinikeza imininingwane engokomlando entengo yempahla eshiwo ngumbuso, zinikeza ukuqhathanisa okunzima kwemithwalo.

Ukuthambekela Kwesikhathi Esizayo Ekuthengisiseni Impahla

Izimo eziningana ezivelayo zingavuselela indlela izintela zempahla ezisebenza ngayo eshumini leminyaka elizayo:

Amathuluzi Okuhlola Ngezinombolo

Abahloli abaningi manje basebenzisa izimiso zokuhlola ngobuningi (CAMA) kanye ne-AI-driven ukuze balinganise amanani empahla ngokunembile. Lokhu kunganciphisa amaphutha kodwa futhi kuphakamise ukukhathazeka ngokuba mhlophe nobandlululo kuma-algorith.

Abathatha Intela Yempahla

Izikhonkwane zentela ezivunyelwe i Voter ziye zasakazeka eminyakeni yamuva, zilinganisela ukukhula kwemali etholakala minyaka yonke (isib., i-Colorado’s TABOR, i-Oregon's Isilinganiso 50). Nakuba izikhonkwane zinikeza ukubikezela, zingacindezela ukuxhaswa kwemali emiphakathini ekhulayo, ziphoqelela ukuncika ezinkongweni noma ekusizeni kukahulumeni.

Ukushintsha Kwesimo Sezulu Nengozi Yendawo

Njengoba izikhukhula, umlilo welanga lelanga, neziphepho zisongela, amanani empahla ezindaweni ezinezibhamu eziphezulu angancipha, kuncishiswe intela. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izindawo ezilondekile zingathola ukwazisa. Abanye omasipala bahlola izibopho zokuzimela noma ukuhlola okulungisiwe kwesimo sezulu.

Ukusekela Isikole Ngokucabanga

Ukuncika ngokweqile ezintela zempahla zemfundo kuqhubekisela phambili ukungalingani. Izinkantolo ezisezifundazweni ezinjenge Texas neNew Jersey ziye zayaleza ukuba kuncishiswe izinguquko ezisekela imali ukuze kuncishiswe izakhiwo, kodwa ushintsho alusheshi. Ukushintsha kwesikhathi esizayo kungahlanganisa ukuxhasa imali kazwelonke noma ukusekela intela yesifunda.

Isiphetho

Intela yempahla ingaphezu kakhulu kwento ekhona emalini yendlu, qha qqqgi injini yezimali esetshenziswa yimibuso yendawo. Kusukela ekilasini kuya esiteshini somlilo, kusukela ebhentshini lasepaki kuya ezisebenzini zokulungisa imigodi, intela yempahla ithinta cishe zonke izici zokuphila kwansuku zonke. Ngokuqonda indlela lentela elinganiselwa ngayo, indlela ethonya ngayo izinkonzo zomphakathi, nokuthi iziphi amathuluzi akhona ukuze ziqondiswe, izakhamuzi zingaziwazisa kokubili inhlalakahle yazo siqu yemali kanye nempilo ebanzi yamazwe azo.

Ukuhlanganyela ekuvoteni kwendawo − ngokuya emihlanganweni, noma ngokukhonza emabhodini − ama-enurence ukuthi imithetho yentela yempahla ibonakalisa izinto eziza kuqala emphakathini. Esikhathini sokunyuka kwezindleko zezindlu nokungalingani okukhuphukayo, ukuba umkhokhi wentela wempahla ofundile akuyona nje isidingo esingokwezimali; kuyisisekelo sentando yeningi yendawo ephumelelayo.