I-Oath of Jury Service iyingxenye ebucayi yesimiso sokwahlulela saseMelika. Imelela isibopho somajaji sokusekela ubulungisa nokukhipha izinqumo ezilungile ezisekelwe ebufakazini obunikezwa enkantolo. Ukuqonda lesifungo kubalulekile kunoma ubani ongase akhonze ejajini, njengoba ibeka isisekelo sokuqulwa ngokulunga futhi iqinisa isimiso sokuthi ubulungisa buwumthwalo wemfanelo ohlanganyelwe phakathi kwezwe nezakhamuzi zalo. Lesi sihloko sihlola umsuka, incazelo, kanye nemiphumela ewusizo yesifungo, sinikeza isiqondiso esibanzi sababalindingamele nabaphi nanoma ubani onesithakazelo kumthetho wesimiso somthetho.

Siyini Isifungo Senkonzo KaJury?

I-Oath of Jury Service iyisithembiso esiqotho esenziwa abasizi bejaji ngaphambi kokuba baqale imisebenzi yabo ekuqulweni kwecala. Lesi sifungo sigcizelela ukubaluleka kokungakhethi, ubuqotho, nokuzinikezela eqinisweni. Ngokuthatha lesisifungo, abahluleli bathembisa ukulihlola kahle icala, ngaphandle kobandlululo noma ubandlululo. Nakuba amagama aqondile ehluka ngokwegunya, isifungo esiyinhloko sihlala singaguquki: ukunikeza isinqumo esiyiqiniso esisekelwe kuphela ebufakazini obunikezwa enkantolo nasemthetho njengoba kufundiswa umahluleli.

Isifungo sinikezwa umabhalane wenkantolo noma ijaji ngemva kokuba ijaji selibekwe endaweni ethile. Ezinkantolo eziningi, abahluleli bathatha isifungo esihlukile phambi kwe-voir duant (inqubo yokukhetha abahluleli) ukuze baphendule imibuzo ngeqiniso. Isifungo esithathwe ekuqaleni kwecala siyisifungo esiyinhloko esibusa ijaji phakathi nale micimbi.

Imvelaphi Engokomlando Ye - Jury Oath

Umqondo wesifungo ekumangalelweni okungokomthetho usukela emuva endulo yempucuko yasendulo. Isifungo sanamuhla sabasizi bejaji sisekela umsuka waso emthethweni ovamile wesiNgisi, ikakhulukazi i-Asterence of Clarendon ngo- 1166 ngaphansi kweNkosi uHenry II, eyamisa ukusetshenziswa kwabantu bendawo ukuba bafunge iqiniso. Emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka, isifungo savela ethuluzini lokumangalela lokuvikela ukungakhethi. EUnited States, iSiphendulo seSithathu siqinisekisa ilungelo kumajaji ongakhethi, futhi isifungo siyindlela okuthi ngayo lesosihe sokungakhethi sifungela. Inkulumo ethi "so sikusiza uNkulunkulu" ekupheleni kwesifungo ayisona isisekelo kodwa ayisona isibopho; abakhonzisi, esikhundleni sokufunga, mayelana nenkolo yezwe noma izinkolelo ezingezona ezingokwenkolo.

Ukubaluleka Kwenkonzo KaJury

Inkonzo kaJury iyingxenye eyinhloko yentando yeningi. Ivumela izakhamuzi ukuba zihlanganyele enqubweni engokomthetho futhi iqinisekise ukuthi amalungelo abantu avikelekile. Nazi ezinye izizathu eziyinhloko ezenza inkonzo yamajaji ibaluleke:

  • Inkonzo ye-Julthi inikeza izakhamuzi iphimbo eliqondile esimisweni sokwahlulela. Inikeza i-exchezu kubahluleli abangochwepheshe nabashushisi, iqinisekisa ukuthi lezo zinqumo ziveza umqondo ovamile nezindinganiso zomphakathi.
  • IChecks kanye nokulinganisela:[ Isebenza njengesehlo emandleni kahulumeni ngokuvumela abantu abavamile ukuba banqume umphumela wengxabano engokomthetho. Ijaji lisebenza njengesivikelo ekubekeni imithetho ngokusemthethweni noma ngokucindezelayo.
  • Ubuqotho nomthetho: Ijaji elibunjwe abantu abahlukahlukene lisiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi izinqumo zithathwa njengezilungile futhi zingokomthetho. Uma umphakathi uhlanganyela ekwahluleleni, umphakathi ungawuthemba umphumela.
  • Imfundo ne-Civic Duty: Ukukhonza ejajini kufundisa izakhamuzi ngesimiso somthetho futhi kuqinisa umthetho. Kungenye yemisebenzi embalwa eqondile efunwa izakhamuzi, kanye nokuvota nokukhokha izintela.

Isisekelo Somthetho - sisekelo

Ilungelo lokuqulwa kwecala labahluleli libekwe eSiphakamisweni III, Ingxenye 2 yoMthetho-sisekelo wase-U.S. neSichibiyelo sesithupha secala lobugebengu, neSichibiyelo seSember secala lomphakathi. Lokhu kuvikelwa komthetho ngokomthetho kugcizelela inkolelo yamajaji yokuthi amajaji abalulekile enkululeko. Isifungo siyisifungo esingokomthetho esiguqula iqembu lezihambi libe indikimba eboshwe ngesibopho esingcwele.

Isifungo: Umbhalo Nencazelo

Amagama aqondile e-Oath of Jury Service angahluka-hluka ngokwesimiso, kodwa ahlanganisa isibopho sokunikeza isinqumo esiqotho esisekelwe ebufakazini. Nansi inguqulo evamile yesifungo esisetshenziswa ezinkantolo eziningi zikahulumeni nombuso:

" Ufunga ngokungathiya (noma uqinisekisa) ukuthi uzophumelela futhi uzame ngempela umpikiswano kulendaba, futhi isinqumo sangempela sinikeze, ngokobufakazi nangomthetho, ngakho - ke usize uNkulunkulu?

Kwezinye izifundazwe, isifungo sihlanganisa ulimi olwengeziwe lokungaxoxi nabanye ngecala, ukungafundi amaphephandaba aphathelene necala, nokungavumeli imizwa yomuntu siqu ukuba ithonye isinqumo.

Ukuphula Isihlwathi

Ingxenye ngayinye yesifungo inencazelo ebalulekile:

  • Srearmly Srears (noma i-ffreth): iveza ukuthi ukungathi sína kokuzinikela okwenziwayo. Ukuqinisekisa kuyindlela yezwe ehambisana nobunzima obufanayo obungokomthetho. Igama elithi "utholemn" libonisa ukuthi lesi akusona isithembiso nje esivamile.
  • [[IQULE:0] Kulungile futhi kuyiqiniso Ukuzama: Abavumisi kumelwe bahlanganyele ngokukhuthele nenze konke ubufakazi obunikezwayo. "Yebo" kusho ngenkuthalo nangokwethembeka; "kahle" kusho iqiniso nangaphandle kokukhohlisa.
  • I-coric Verdict: Abavumisi banomthwalo wokufinyelela isinqumo esibonisa iqiniso elisekelwe ebufakazini. Igama "iqiniso" lapha alisho iqiniso eliphelele kodwa kunalokho ukutholwa okusekelwa isisindo sobufakazi.
  • ngokobufakazi noMthetho: Abaqondisi kumelwe basekele izinqumo zabo kuphela ebufakazini obunikezwa enkantolo kanye nomthetho osebenzayo ofundiswa umahluleli. Lengxenye ivimbela abagcini bejaji ekuthembeleni ekwazini kwangaphandle noma olwazini lomuntu siqu lwecala.
  • Kanjalo Kusize UNkulunkulu:[ Lenkulumo engokwesiko ibiza igunya eliphakeme njengobufakazi besithembiso. Lingashiywa ngalabo abaqinisayo, futhi akukho jari ophoqelelwa ukuba alifake uma lingqubuzana nezinkolelo zabo.

Imithwalo Yemfanelo Yomlindi

Lapho abasizi bejaji besenza isifungo, bathatha imithwalo yemfanelo eminingana ebalulekile ehlanganisa konke ukuqulwa nokucatshangelwa:

  • Ukukhetha: Abaqondisi kumelwe bahlale bengenamibono futhi bagweme ukwakha imibono ngaphambi kokuzwa bonke ubufakazi. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukugwema izingxoxo nanoma ubani ngecala, kuhlanganise nomkhaya, abangane, noma ukuxhumana kwezezokuxhumana.
  • Ukuqamba icala: Kudingeka abagcini bezingxoxo mayelana nendaba kuze kube yilapho icala seliphelile. Ezindabeni eziningi, lokhu kuhlanganisa ukungafaki iziteshi zezokuxhumana noma ukuqhuba ukucwaninga okuzimele.
  • Ukukhumbula nokuthatha-onothi: Abaqondisi kumelwe banake izenzakalo futhi babhale amaphuzu uma kudingekile. Izinkantolo eziningi zivumela amajaji ukuba athumele imibuzo ebhaliwe yofakazi, nakuba kungezona zonke izifunda ezivumela lokhu.
  • Inqubo ehlanganisayo edinga ukuvuleka kwengqondo nokuhlonipha imibono engafani, Ngemva kokuqulwa kwecala, abasizi-jaji kumelwe baxoxe ngobufakazi kunoma iziphathimandla ezikanye nabo ukuze bafinyelele ukuvumelana. Ukukhipha isigwebo kuyinqubo ehlanganisa abantu abaningi edinga ukuvuleka komqondo nokuhlonipha imibono engafani.
  • Abalandeli boMthetho: Abavumisi kumelwe basebenzise umthetho njengoba ufundiswa umahluleli, ngisho noma bona ngokwabo bengavumelani nalowomthetho. Lokhu kwaziwa njengomsebenzi wokwethembeka eziyalweni zomthetho.

Ukungakhethi Endleleni Eboniswa Ngayo

Ukungakhethi akusho ukuthi abameleli bejaji kumelwe beze enkantolo bengenamibono noma okuhlangenwe nakho kokuphila. Kunalokho, kusho ukuthi kumelwe bazimisele ukubekela eceleni noma yikuphi ukukhetha futhi banqume icala elisekelwe kuphela ebufakazini. Phakathi nobuhlanya, abahluleli nabameli ababonisa ubandlululo olucacile. Uma befungele, abajaji balindeleke ukuba bahlole ubandlululo lwabo siqu. Ukucwaninga kusikisela ukuthi ukuqaphela okulula ubandlululo kungasiza abagcini bejaji ukuba benze izinqumo ezingcono. INhlangano yaseMelika inikeza imithombo yezehlulelo ezingasiza abangaba nesibindi ekulungiseleleni.

Ukufihla Izindaba Nenkathi Yamanani

Abasizi banamuhla babhekene nezinselele ezihlukile kuma-cell phone kanye nezokuxhumana. Isifungo siwenqabela ngokuphelele ukusebenzisa izinto zobuchwepheshe ukucwaninga icala, ukuxoxa ngokwaziswa, noma ukuxhumana nabantu. Amajaji amaningi manje anikeza iziyalezo eziqondile ekuqaleni kwecala: akukho Googling, akukho kubhalisa, akukho kubhalelwa ngecala. Ukuphula lokhu kungaholela ekusebenziseni impoqo noma ngisho nasekudeleleni inkantolo. Ngokwesibonelo, umgcini wejaji owafaka impendulo eFacebook ngecala wabekwa ngokudelelwa futhi wakhokhwa. [uct:federdary] judary judary juver Officery inters or Office. [[FLFL:1]] ngokucacile] isixwayiso ngokumelene nokusetshenziswa kwe-Inter.

Izinselele Abahlaseli Ababhekana Nazo

Ukukhonza ejajini kungaletha izinselele ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise nalezi:

  • [[NT.0] Ukulingwa okungalawuleki: Kungakhathaza ngokomzwelo, ikakhulukazi ezimweni ezihilela ubugebengu obungathi sína noma ubufakazi obucacile. Abavukeli bangabhekana nobuhlungu obungalindelekile noma ukucindezeleka ngenxa yokulahla izinqumo ezithatha ukuphila.
  • Ukubopheka kwesikhathi:[ Umsebenzi we-Jury ungadinga isikhathi esibalulekile, esingase singqubuzane nezibopho zomuntu siqu nezezobuchwepheshe. Nakuba abaqashi abaningi bedingeka ngomthetho ukuba bavumele isikhathi sokuphumula, hhayi bonke imbuyiselo yeholo elilahlekile. Okunye ukulingwa kuthatha amasonto noma izinyanga ezidlule.
  • Ukuqonda Imibono Esemthethweni: Abavumisi bangase balwe namagama anzima angokomthetho nezinqubo. Abahluleli bazama ukwenza iziyalezo zibe lula, kodwa imiqondo enjenge "umthwalo wobufakazi," "ukungabaza okunengqondo," kanye "no-gligence" kungaba nzima ukusebenzisa ngokungaguquguquki.
  • [ Ukuhlukanisa okungalawuleki: Abanqobi bavame ukucushwa phakathi nohlongozo, ngisho nangaphambi kwalokho, bayalwa ukuba bangaxoxi ngecala nabantu bangaphandle. Lokhu kungazizwa kuhlukanisiwe, ikakhulukazi phakathi nokulingwa okude.
  • I-Confuct phakathi kwe-Dealibration: ukungavumelani phakathi kwabasizi-jaji kungaholela ekukhungathekeni noma ekudukeni (abahluleli abaqinile). Ukucindezela kokufinyelela isinqumo esivumelanayo kungabangela ukucindezeleka, ikakhulukazi ezimweni ezingokomzwelo.

Ukusekela Ama - “jer ”

Izinkantolo eziningi zinikeza imithombo yokusiza abasizi bejaji babhekane nokucindezeleka kwenkonzo. Ezinye izifundazwe zinikeza izinkonzo zokweluleka noma izikhawu zokuqeda imingcele ngemva kokuqulwa kwemizwa enzima ngokomzwelo. INational Center for State Courts ikhiphe iziqondiso zokulawula ukucindezeleka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abagcini bejaji abadinga indawo yokuhlala ngenxa yokukhubazeka noma imingcele yolimi bangacela abatoliki noma ezinye izinguquko ezifanelekile ngaphansi kwe-Act engathinti yokukhubazeka. Izinkantolo zinesibopho sokuqinisekisa ukuthi inkonzo yejaji iyafinyeleleka kuzo zonke izakhamuzi ezifanelekayo.

Imibono Evamile Ngenkonzo Ye - oath Neyamathumbu

Nansi eminye yemibono eyiphutha evame kakhulu, ecaciswe:

  • " Ukuchitha ijustiwe kuvunyelwe":[ Nakuba amajaji enamandla angagcijiwe okulahla ubufakazi (ukuhlanganisa), isifungo sidinga abahluleli ukuba balandele umthetho. Abahluleli abaningi bayoyala abahluleli ukuba basebenzise umthetho njengoba unikeziwe. Ukulahla ukuchitha phakathi nohlelo ngokuvamile kuyanqanyulwa futhi kungaholela ekuxazululeni.
  • " Ungaba ujuri uma wazi okuthile ngendaba: Ukwazi okuthile ngendaba ngezindaba noma ngolwazi lomuntu kungamenza angafaneleki umehluleli. Isifungo sidinga isileti esihlanzekile. Uma ijaji lizwa ngecala ngesikhathi sokuqulwa kwecala, kumelwe liyidalule.
  • " Isifungo siphela uma icala liphela" Umsebenzi wokufihla imfihlo udlulela ngalé kwesinqumo. Abaqondisi bakhululekile ukuxoxa ngecala obala ngemva kokuqulwa kwecala, kodwa bangase bangasho ukuthi kwenzekani lapho behlongoza uma bethembisile. Ezinye izifunda zinemithetho evikela imfihlo yasese yangemva komthetho.
  • " Awukwazi ukuthatha amaphuzu"[ Izinkantolo eziningi zivumela ukuthatha amaphuzu, nakuba amanye ewavimbela. Ukuthambekela kukuvumela amaphuzu asize abagcini-jaji bakhumbule ubufakazi obuyinhloko. Abanye abahluleli banikeza amapeni namagama.

Isifungo Sezilingo Ezinhlobonhlobo Ezihlukahlukene

Nakuba isifungo esiyinhloko sifana, imibandela yendaba ekhona. Ekuqulweni kwecala lobugebengu, isifungo sigcizelela umbono wokuba msulwa nemfuneko yokuba umshushisi abonise icala ngaphandle kokungabaza okunengqondo. Ekuqulweni kwecala, indinganiso ibhekisa phambili ubufakazi, futhi isifungo sigxila ekulinganiseni ubufakazi kahle. Amajaji amakhulu anezifungo ezihlukile ezigxile ekunqumeni ukuthi kukhona yini okungasolwa. Kuhulumeni amajaji, i-FEderal Parandment of Criminal Procedrectre[ asho izifungo.

Izindawo zombuso

Inkantolo yesifunda ngasinye yamukela isifungo sayo siqu sokuqulisa icala, kodwa bonke balandela isilinganisi esivela eMhlanganweni Wokwahlulela wase-United States. Izinkantolo zikahulumeni zihlukahluka kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, iTexas inesivumelwano esingokomthetho sejaji ezicini zomphakathi esihlanganisa isithembiso "sokungaxoxi nomunye umuntu endabeni yecala" ngaphandle kokuba phakathi nengxoxo. IFlorida ifuna isifungo samajaji emacaleni obugebengu ahlanganisa isithembiso "kahle futhi ngempela sizame impikiswano, futhi sizame isahlulelo esiyiqiniso, ngokwemithetho nobufakazi." Ukuqonda amazwi akhethekile endawo esimweni sakho kungasiza. Bheka imithetho yombuso wakho noma [[FLT:] inkonzo yejaji yekhasi ekhasini[FLD]

Isiphetho

Ukuqonda i-Oath of Jury Service kubalulekile kunoma ubani ongase akhonze eqenjini labahluleli. Lesi sifungo asiwona nje umthetho ovamile; simelela isibopho somthetho esiqotho sokulawula ubulungisa nokubusa umthetho. Ngokufeza imisebenzi yabo “‘ ukucwasana, ukufihla, ukunaka, nokuzindla, nokuzinqumela ngenhlonipho, `abenzi bemifungo bafeza indima ebalulekile ekusekeleni ubuqotho besimiso sokwahlulela. Isifungo sibopha umgcini-jaji ezindisweni eziphakeme kakhulu zemithetho ekwahluleleni futhi siguqula iqoqo labantu abe yithuluzi lemisebenzi yobulungisa. Njengoba ucabangela inkonzo yakho siqu yokuphatha inkantolo, khumbula ukuthi ukuthatha isifungo kuyisinqumo esinendima ebalulekile ekusekeleni ukugcinwa kobulungisa. Ukuzimisela kwakho ukukhonza ngokuqinisekisa ukulunga kobulungisa bonke abantu abahlala benzile.