Ithonya Lendawo Ezungezile ENdiya: Isiqondiso Esingokomthetho Esiwubufakazi

Izimiso ze-Evironmental Protection Assess (EIA) zimelela itshe lesisekelo lenqubo yokuthuthukisa eqinile eNdiya, lisebenza njengenqubo ehleliwe yokuhlola imiphumela yemisebenzi engokwendawo ehlongozwayo ngaphambi kokuba ivunyelwe. Njengoba ukumiswa kwe-Mbali Esikhungo sokuzivikela komthetho ngo 1986, i-EIA sisekelo sokulinganisela ukukhula okusheshayo kwezomnotho nokulondolozwa kwendawo ezungezile. Abathuthukisi bezomthetho bafuna ukucacisa, abenzi bemithetho yokuhlela imithetho, kanye nabasekeli bezemvelo ukuvumelana, ukuqonda okuphelele kwesimiso somthetho esibusa i-EIA njengabalulekile. Lesi sihloko sinikeza ukuhlolwa okunemininingwane kwe-pulani yemithetho ye-eleoglo, izigaba ze-procralical, amalungelo nemithwalo yemfanelo, izinguquko zamuva, nezinseleleka ngokuphikelelayo phakathi kwe-EI.

I - EI Eqedrount Engumthetho Engu - Edie ElaseNdiya

Isisekelo esingokomthetho seNzalo yokuHlakazwa kwe-Evironment Assesments eNdiya sisekelwe ngokuyinhloko eMzabalazweni we-Mbiko yoKhuselo, 1986 (EPA). Sagunyazwa ngemva kwenhlekelele yegesi yeBhopal, i-EPA inikeza igunya elilawulayo lomthetho wendawo ezungezile futhi imisa imishini yokulawula esebenzayo. Ngaphansi kwengxenye 3 ye-EPA, uhulumeni omkhulu unikwe amandla okuthatha izinyathelo ezidingekile zokuvikela nokuthuthukisa izinga lendawo ezungezile, kuhlanganise nokumisa izindinganiso zokukhipha igesi, i-effluent, nokulawula imiphumela yendawo ezungezile. INkonzo yemvelo, iNdawo Ezungezile nenkabazwe (MoFC) isebenza njengenhlangano engenamthetho yokuhlola la malungiselelo.

I - Environment Act, 1986

I-EPA iwumthetho wesambulela ohlanganisa imithetho yendawo ezungezile yangaphambili enjenge-EPA (Prevention and Control of Solution) Act, 1974, kanye noMthetho woMmoya (Prevention and Laving of Devil), 1981. Inikeza uhulumeni omkhulu igunya lokulawula ngokuqondile imisebenzi engase ibangele ukuwohloka kwendawo ezungezile. I-EPA, iNgxenyana 6 ye-EPA ivumela uhulumeni ukuba enze imithetho yokulungisa inqubo kanye nokuvikela imvelo ngokususa indawo ezungezile kanye nokulawula izakhiwo. Lelilungiselelo livule indlela ye-EIA Sabing, esebenzayo enqubweni ye-EIA. Ngaphansi kwe-EPA, ukwephulwa kwezimo ezicacile zendawo kungaphumela ekujezweni kanye naseminyakeni engu-7, ukugcinwa kwemisebenzi, ukususwa kwezindleko zezindawo ezisimo.

Isaziso Se - EIA, Ngo - 2006

I-Evironment Impact Assesting Satence, 2006, ekhishwe ngaphansi kwe-EPA, iyithuluzi eliyinhloko lokuqondisa le-EI njengaseNdiya. Yathatha indawo yesaziso sangaphambili ngo-1994 futhi yasungula inqubo ehleleke kangcono, yokucacisa isikhathi. Inqubo ka-2006 yezazi ihlela imisebenzi .[A[FLT] [1] ne[FLT] B[FLT][F:3] esekelwe entweni engenzekayo ezungezile. Imisebenzi enjengezenemigodini enkulu, izitshalo ezinkulu, i-atle, nemisebenzi emikhulu yasemfuleni, idinga ukususwa kuhulumeni ophakathi ngezindawo ze-ExPURP [AC] ezise-CCC] ezimele izakhiwo ze-Cexptional (AI-Ase-Ase-Ase) nezinye eziseqeqediswe i-I, futhi i-II, i-Edicedctive, ekhona, elandela i-Ediustivene ye-EdiyoM.

Isaziso sango 2006 siye sashintshwa kaningana, kuhlanganise nezinguquko ngo-2009, 2013, no-2016. Lezi zinguquko ziye zacwengisisa ukubekwa kwe-gateding, zasungula amalungiselelo okuhlola kwangemva kwe-createcation, futhi zazama ukuhlanganisa le nqubo. Isaziso sichaza imisebenzi ehlelweyo nemisebenzi ehlelwe ehlelwe eShedyuli, izingxenye ezifana nokumba, amandla ashisayo, ukunisela ngenkasa, imisebenzi yasemfuleni, amatheku, amatheku, namatheku. Ngokwesibonelo, izimayini zamalahle ngaphezu kwezindawo ezithile zibangela i-DiCPridi A, kuyilapho izimayini ezincane zingawela ngaphansi kwe-diction B.

Eminye Imithetho Yendawo Ezungezile Esebenzayo

Nakuba i-EPA ne EIA Izaziso ziphakathi, eminye imithetho eminingana ehlangene nenqubo ye-EIA. I-Forest Conservation Act, 1980 idinga ukuvunyelwa kusengaphambili nguhulumeni ophakathi ngenxa yanoma yiziphi izinjongo zamahlathi, okuyimfuneko yokususa indawo ezungezile emahlathini. I-Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 ibeka imingcele emikhankasweni yemisebenzi eseduze kwe-pareki yesizwe nezindawo zezilwane zasendle, ifuna ukususwa kwe-National Board for Wildlifel (NBL) yemisebenzi eqhele ngamakhilomitha ayishumi ezindaweni ezinjalo. I-CRCRZ, i-201919 ilawula imisebenzi ehamba nogudla i-the qe ezindaweni ze-CRZ. Ngaphezu kwe-General Inshuwatection, i-Greasurence Act, kanye ne-Greast-Greast ye-Genetic, i-Greast ye-Grection, i-Grection ye-Grection, i-Grection, i-Grection ye-G

Izisekelo Zenqubo Ye - EIA Ngaphansi KoMthetho WamaNdiya

Inqubo ye-EIA ngaphansi kwe-EIA ngaphansi kohlelo lwezigaba ezihlelwe kahle, ngayinye enezimfuneko ezingokomthetho eziqondile nezikhathi. Lenqubo iklanyelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuhlolwa okubanzi lapho inikeza amathuba okuhlanganyela. Ingqikithi yesikhathi sokuqeda yonke inqubo ye-EIA ye-Clidi A ivame ukuthatha izinyanga eziyi-12 kuya kwezingu-18, nakuba ngokuvamile kuba khona ukulibala ngenxa yokuzithoba okungaphelele noma ukuhlelwa.

Ubuso besiga-nyezi

Ukumisa isigaba sokuqala ukunquma ukuthi umsebenzi ohlongozwayo udinga i-EIA futhi, uma kunjalo, izinga lokuhlola elidingekayo. Imisebenzi ye-CUIA, ukuhlolwa kuqhutshwa yi-EAC, kuyilapho kuhlelwa i-CANDR B ye-C inquma isigaba. Inqubo yokuhlola ihilela ukuhlelwa kwendawo, isikali, futhi imiphumela engenzeka emelene nezimiso ze-EIA Izaziso. Uma i-CANDC inquma ukuthi isakhiwo siwela ngaphansi kwe-CIC ye-EB2, ikhululwe egcwele kodwa kumelwe ivumelane nezimo ezishiwo ngumbuso. Nokho, isinqumo sokuhlola singabekelwa inseleleka ku-Greenbunal (NG) uma ababheki bekholelwa ekuhlolweni kwe-'isimende, i-TNQU imele ikhulu lemisebenzi ehlangene ne-ENG incikelelene ye-EA ezindaweni ezihlangeneyo yonke uma ikhona ngisho nasemkhampalweni ye-'injini ye-yo.

Ukuzingela

Scoping is the phase where the key environmental issues to be studied during the EIA are identified. The project proponent submits a Form 1, which provides basic information about the project, along with a draft Terms of Reference (ToR). The EAC or SEAC reviews the ToR and finalizes the scope of the EIA study. The scoping exercise considers aspects such as air quality, water resources, biodiversity, soil, noise, and socio-economic impacts. The scoping document may also specify the need for specific studies, such as a risk assessment for hazardous industries or a wildlife impact assessment near protected areas. The scoping process is critical because it determines the breadth and depth of the subsequent EIA report. In practice, scoping has been criticized for being too generic, with ToRs often adopted from similar projects rather than tailored to local conditions.

Ukulungiselela Umbiko We - EIA

Umbiko we-EIA uyincwadi eyisisekelo eveza okutholwe yisayensi yendawo ezungezile. Kumelwe ilungiswe umeluleki oqashelwe yi-MoEFC. Umbiko uhlanganisa incazelo eningiliziwe yeprojekthi, isisekelo sendawo ezungezile emoyeni, amanzi, nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, imiphumela ebikezelwe, isilinganiso sokulinganisela, kanye necebo lokulawula indawo ezungezile (EMP). Umbiko kumelwe uhlole ezinye izindawo nobuchwepheshe obuqashelwe yi-MoEFC, ufaka incazelo ekhethekile yemali edingekayo, futhi uhlanganise nokuhlolwa kwemali okushicilelwe i-benefitting. Umbiko wemisebenzi ye-Frigic A kumelwe usekelwe ezikhathini ezine zokwaziswa (unyaka owodwa) ezisezingeni olulodwa) ekuhlolweni, nakuba ukwaziswa ngezikhathi ezithile. Izingalo ze-EA kuye kwabika ngokuncitshiswa okuqhubekayo, futhi kukhiswe iziqondiso zezezezezezezezezentengo yezo ze-MoC.

Ukuhlola Umphakathi

Ukuhlola umphakathi kuyisigaba esibalulekile esiqinisekisa ukubonakala kwe-State Demony Control Board. U-2006 ugunyaza umphakathi ukuba uhlole wonke amahlelo A ne-Cridium B1, ngaphandle kwemisebenzi ethile engokweqhinga nenokulondeka ehlobene nemisebenzi ehlobene ne-engqwelene ne-ejourne nezindawo zomphakathi. Ukuhlola kunengxenye ezimbili: ukuzwa obala okwenziwa i-State Demoltion Control Board (SPCB) noma i-Department Administration, kanye noMphathi-ofeculty obhalwe ngomphakathi. Umsekeli wemisebenzi ye-EIA kumelwe enze umbiko utholakale kubo bonke abantu ngesiNgisi nangezindawo ezihlobene nezindawo zomphakathi ezingelelwe izifunda-20. Ikomiti yokuhlola ukuthethwa kwezindaba ngokuvamile eziwumphakathi ezimpontshelwayo kanye nezimiso zezindaba zomphakathi, futhi izikhulule izikhulu zezindaba zezindaba zezindaba zezindaba zomphakathi ezivamile, zivumele ukuba izikhulu zika-E 2020 zeze ezokudingi zomphakathi, kanye nezinzuzo zezelelwe ukuba zihlolwa izikhuluzwe kakhulu.

Ukwenziwa kwesinqumo

Isigaba sokwenza isinqumo sihlanganisa ukuhlolwa kombiko we-EIA kanye nokuhlola umphakathi okutholakele yi-EAC noma i-SEAC. Ikomiti ihlola ukuthi lo msebenzi uhlangabezana yini nezindinganiso zendawo ezungezile nokuthi izilinganiso zokulinganisela zanele yini. Ikomiti ingafuna ukucacisa, isikisela izifundo ezengeziwe, noma idinga izinguquko zomklamo. Ngokusekelwe ekuhlolweni kohlelo lwe-EA, ikomiti yenza ukutusa kwegunya lokulawula (MoeFC ye-DC ye-Diciodi A, SEA yesigaba B) ukuze inikeze noma ilahle i-ccurive. Uma inikezwa, ngokuvamile ingeyokwazi ukuhlelwa okukhethekile, njengokusebenzisa izinhlelo ezingokomthetho, ukumisa amabhande, noma ukugadaza njalo. Ukungathwa kwe-onqanyuswa kwe-scrotrupt kuqinisekile phakathi nenkathi yeminyaka eyishumi encikelwe ukusekela isakhiwo. Uma inqubo yokulungisa ihlelwe kahle, inqubo esobala, ihlelwe ngokuphelele, futhi ihlelwe ngokuphelele, kuqediwe, kuqediwe, kuqelwe ukuhlelwa kweminye.

Ukuhlolwa kokucacisa iposi

Uma i-MoEFCC noma SEIAA. Isaziso sidinga ukuba yonke imisebenzi eveza indawo ezungezile inikeze umbiko wenhlalo wenyanga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-mogural commentation control ingenza ukuhlolwa kwemithetho ecacile ebekweyo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuvunyelwa kwe-odocratic. I-MoFCCCC ihlanganisa ukuzithoba ngezikhathi ezithile kwemibiko ye-MoEFC noma i-SEA. Isaziso sidinga ukuba yonke imisebenzi ehambisana nokususwa kwezemvelo i-indawo ezungezile inikeze umbiko wenyanga eziyisithupha yokuvuma. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-MoeFCCCCCCC ingenza ukuhlolwa okucacile kokugcinwa okusobala, ukugcinwa kwezenzo ezingokomthetho ezisobala, nangaphansi kwe-EPA. Ezimweni eziningi ezidumile, i-TNGLONINGS (ENSMS) ihlelwe ngokwezimo yezemisebenzi engekho emthethweni wokugcinwa yize. Ngaphandle kweminyango esingokomthetho, i-Herde, imithombo esiphansi esiphansi esiphansi esiphansi sezelelwe kulawa.

Amalungelo Angokomthetho Nemithwalo Yemfanelo Enqubweni Ye - EIA

Ukuqonda lokhu kubalulekile kubasekeli bemisebenzi yokwakha nomphakathi ukuba baqondise le nqubo ngokuphumelelayo futhi baqinisekise ukuthi bayolandisa.

Imithwalo Yemfanelo Yabasekeli Bemisebenzi

Abasekeli bemisebenzi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi abathuthukisi bezezomthetho noma izinhlangano zikahulumeni, banomthwalo wemfanelo oyinhloko wokuqhuba i-EIA. Kumele baqinisekise ukunemba kwemininingwane eyisisekelo, futhi banikeze izicelo eziphelele. Umsekeli kumelwe athwale izindleko zesifundo se-EIA nokuhlola komphakathi. Kudingeka futhi ukuba badalule ukwaziswa okubalulekile emphakathini futhi baphendule ekukhathazweni okuphakanyisweni kwezindaba zomphakathi. Ukungavumelani nalezi zibopho kungaholela ekwahluleleni ukusebenza, ukuqedwa kwe-rightance, ukukhishwa kwemibhoshozo nesijeziso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umsekeli uboshelwa ngezimo ezichazwe ngokucacile ngokuhleleka okusobala, futhi noma ikuphi ukweqa inqubo engokomthetho, kuhlanganise nokuquliswa ngaphansi kwe-EPA.

Amalungelo Amaqembu Omphakathi Nezemvelo

Umphakathi, ikakhulukazi othintekile, unamalungelo amaningana angokomthetho enqubweni ye-EIA. Ngaphansi kwe-Right to Information Act, 2005, noma isiphi isakhamuzi singangena eziphephandabeni ezihlobene ne-EIA, kuhlanganise nombiko, amarekhodi ezindaba zomphakathi, nezinqumo zokucacisa. Isaziso sango 2006 sigunyaza umphakathi ukuba ungenele i-EIA ngezinsuku ezingu-30 ngaphambi kokuba kuqalwe i-EIA. Amaqembu emvelo nabantu ngabanye bangahlanganyela ekutholeni izindaba zomphakathi futhi banikeze izinkulumo ezilotshiwe. Futhi banalo lokubekela izinqumo ezicacile ezise-National Green Tribal (NGT) noma iNkantolo Ephakeme edlula esabelweni somphakathi (PIL). I-TNGM) ivela njengendawo esebenzayo ukuze kucaciswe ize umthetho wendawo ezungezile, i-itshalwe ngaphandle kwe-Nagletged produle.

Indima YeSikhungo Sesizwe Esiluhlaza

I-National Green Tribunal Act, eyamiswa ngaphansi kwe-National Green Tribunal Act, 2010, iyinkantolo ekhethekile yokuqeda izingxabano zendawo ezungezile ngokuphumelelayo nengenakupheliswa. I-NGT inegunya ezindabeni eziphathelene nokumiswa kwemithetho enjenge-EPA, Forest Conservation Act, ne-Wildlife Protection Act. Ingezwa ukuncedwa kwe-EIA reculances futhi inamandla okuhlela imbuyiselo ngenxa yomonakalo osendaweni ezungezile. I-NGT isebenza ngezimiso zemvelo futhi ayibosheshiwe yimithetho eqinile yobufakazi. I-NGT iye yaba i-enduralo-EA Act, ihlala njalo iqhubeka ihlola. Nokho, abagxeki-HLO liphikisa ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi i-NGT idlula ukulawulwa kwayo, ihosaselele ekuvumeni umsebenzi wokuvunyelwa kwemvume.

Intuthuko Yamuva Nezinselele Eziqhubekayo

Isimiso se-EIA sase siye sashintsha kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva, siveza ukungezwani okuqhubekayo phakathi kwentuthuko yezomnotho nesivikelo sendawo ezungezile. Isaziso esihlongozwayo se-Draft EIA 2020 saphawula indawo enkulu yokuhlola, futhi izazi zendawo ezungezile zaphikisa ngokuthi yenza buthaka ukuhlanganyela komphakathi nokuqondisa. Nakuba ekugcineni inqubo yokuhlela i-EIA yasuswa, uhulumeni uyaqhubeka eletha izinguquko ezihloselwe ukusheshisa ukuvunyelwa.

Izinguquko Nemizamo Yanamuhla

I-MoEFCC isungule izinguquko eziningana ukuze ilandele inqubo ye-EIA. Isimiso solwembu jikelele sokuzithoba, i-Parivesh pordal, ivumela abaxhasi ukuba banikeze izinhlelo, intuthuko yendlela, futhi bathole intuthuko ngokwezimiso ze-mitangqqq. Uhulumeni futhi ugunyaze imingcele yesikhathi sesigaba ngasinye: izinsuku ezingu-60 zokuhlola nokukhipha uhlelo olucacile lwe-EIA. Ngo-20222, inkonzo isungula isimiso se "Ifasitela Elicacile" sezezimboni ezithile, ihlanganise indawo ezungezile, ihlathi, kanye nezilwane zasendle ziphumele ekusebenzeni okukodwa. Lezi zinguquko zinhloso zokunciphisa ukubambeka nokutshala imali. Nokho, ngezinye izikhathi impumelelo iye yafika ngezindleko zokubukelwa kwendawo. Ngokwesibonelo, ukubekwa kwezindawo zezemboni zezemboni zezemboni ezisebenza kuncishiswe ngokuncishiswa kwezindawo zezindawo zezindawo zezindawo zezindawo zezindawo kanye nemiphakathi.

Izinselele Eziqhubekayo Ekusebenzeni

Naphezu kwezinguquko, isimiso se-EIA sibhekene nezinselele ezingapheli ezilulaza ukuphumelela kwaso. Enye impikiswano enkulu isilinganiso semibiko ye-EIA. Ukuhlola kuye kwabonisa ukuthi imibiko eminingi inemininingwane engaphelele, izimpawu ezingapheliyo, futhi ingazinaki izingozi. Ukuthembela kobuqameli bokwaziswa ngokwayo, kuhlangene nokugcinwa kwemithetho ebuthakathaka, kuye kwaholela empucukweni yokungaqiniseki kwenjoloba. Enye inselele ukulibala enqubweni yokuzimela inqubo yokuzihlukanisa. Nakuba imingcele yesikhathi ikhona, ngokuvamile ishaywa indiva ngenxa yezinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi, izinhlelo ezingaphelele, ne-ligc. Isikhathi esivamile sokucacinywa kwemisebenzi ye-CProjective A kungadlula iminyaka emibili, ukudamba ukungaqiniseki kwemigomo. Izimo yezombangazwe nokuphikisana kwemikhankani ye-te ye-telsethi. Imibiko yemikhaza eliyedwa, futhi imibiko yokuhlola kweze yatholakala ngemibiko engathi ayikalanga.

Amacala Angokomthetho Awuphawu Olubalulekile Nethonya Lawo

Izenzakalo eziningi eziphawulekayo ziye zahlela indawo yase-EIA eNdiya. Endabeni ka-2012 ye- Lafarge Umiam Mining Pvt. Ltd. . kunye no-Union of India, iNkantolo Ephakeme yagcizelela isidingo sokucusumbula okubanzi nokuthatha isinyathelo emphakathini. Inkantolo futhi yasungula umqondo "wentuthuko engenakushintshashintsha" njengesimiso esiqondisayo sokuhlukanisa indawo ezungezile. Kwesinye isenzakalo esibalulekile, i-NGTT in 2017 yayala ukuchithwa kokukhishwa kwendawo ezungezile ye Osha yensimbi ngenxa yokuhluleka ukuxoxa okufanelekile komphakathi. I-TNTYURRRRRP, iqokolela futhi ukukhomba okusobala kwezelelekile. I-TNG, ebekwe kahle kakhulu enkampanini yezezeze izimayini noma ezindaweni ezingekho emthethweni. Ibonelela futhi ukukhomba umthetho okusobala kokuthika okuthi, futhi kuqondwe ngokusobala.

Imikhuba Emihle Kakhulu Nemibono Eqhathaniswayo Emhlabeni Wonke

I-EIA simende ye-Ediya iyafana nezimiso zomhlaba kodwa futhi inezici ezihlukile. I-World Bank’s Environmental and Social Framework (EFF) ifuna ukuboleka amazwe ukuba aqondise ukuhlola indawo ezungezile emikhankasweni yezemisebenzi yezemfashini, ngokugcizelela ukungenela kwe-'scheme'ss'. I-European Union's EA Directiverivective i-rectives arectoreds arectoreds arectores arentivements arects arect ye-octs esekelwe emithonjeni efana ne-intene yemisebenzi emikhulu ye-otives. Nokho, ukuhluka kwe-30 kwe-EU, kuhlanganisa imfuneko ebanzi ye-India, i-svolustrand ye-dia ye-oct (inquisime ye-E.) ye-E.

I-Indiya ingafunda kulezi zimo ze-odoli zezizwe ngezizwe ngokuqinisa ukuthatha isinyathelo somphakathi, idinga ukuhlaziywa okuqhubekayo, nokuthuthukisa ukugcinwa kwemithetho. Ukuthatha izindlela ezingcono kakhulu njengokuhlola indawo ezungezile (SEA) ukuze kuhlolwe izinhlelo nezimiso, kunokuba kube i-EIA yedwa, kungaholela ekubusweni kwezindawo ezinziwa ngokuqhubekayo futhi eziphumelelayo. Isihlongozo sikahulumeni samuva sesambulela "I-Evironthrial Protection Act" ukuthatha indawo ye-EPA ekhona sinikeza ithuba lokuhlanganisa lezi zifundo.

Isiphetho: Ikusasa Le - EIA eNdiya

Isimiso somthetho seNkathi yokusebenza kwe-Environment Assess sinikeza uhlelo olubanzi oluthi, ngokwesimiso, lufune ukuhlanganisa ukuthuthuka kwezomnotho ngokuvikela indawo ezungezile. Isakhiwo sesaziso sika- 2006, ngenqubo yaso ehleliwe nokuhlola umphakathi, siveza inhloso yokwenza isinqumo sibe sobala futhi sinikeze inxenye. Nokho, ukuphumelela kwalesi simiso kuxhomeke ekufezekeni kwenkuthalo, ukuqondisa komphakathi okuzimele, nokusebenza ngokuqhubekayo. Ukuqhubeka kwezindlela ezinjalo njengemibiko ephansi ephansi, ukulibala, ukulibala, nokungahlangabezwani kwezimiso ezingokomthetho, nokungahambisani izimo ezimweni ezingokwezimo ezenzekelayo ezingokwezingakhokhwakhwa: izimo ze-FF, izingxoxo ezingokomthetho ezinikezwayo kuphela izinhlelo ezingokwezimo ezingokomthetho, kodwa ezisekela izinhleloni ezingokomthetho ezingokomthetho ezisekela izinhleloni ezisezinziwayo. Inqubo yokuziphilisana ezindaweni ezingokomthetho ezingokomthetho kudinga ukusekela izinhleloni ezingokomthetho ezisezisekeni ezingokomthetho, futhi eziwusekela izinhleloni eziwugunyazweyo.