AmaPaper amiswe njengenye yezinkulumo ezinegunya kakhulu ze-United States Constitution, inikeza ifasitela ezihloselwe ukuhlelwa komthetho, ukuhleleka, nokubusa. Ibhalwe ngezincwadi ezingu-85 ezakhishwa phakathi kuka-1787 no-1788, lemibhalo yabhalwa ngu-Alexander Hamilton, James Maconson, noJohn Jay ngaphansi kwe-computer “Publius.” Injongo yabo yayiwukuthonya izakhamuzi zaseNew York, ukuhlanganisa nesisekelo somphakathi waseMelika (*) nokuhlanganisa umphakathi omusha we-Rodism. Kodwa inani lazo lifinyelela kude ngalowo mzuzu wesambuyiselo lwezombangazwe. Umphakamende uPapu uchaza isimiso sefilosofi nesomthetho esisebenzayo sokulinganisela igunya namandla, ukuzibamba nokuzibamba kanye nale sisekelo. Ukuqondana kwale sisekelo kunakho ukuvumelana nomthetho womthetho womthetho womthetho wonke odinga ukusetshenziswa futhi ukulondoloza imvume nenkululeko.

Umlando: Inhlekelele Yezihloko Zokuhlehlela

Ukuze umuntu aqonde ngokugcwele izimpikiswano ezikuFederalist Papers, kumelwe aqale aqonde ubuthakathaka obuklanyelwe uMthetho-sisekelo ukuba bulungise. Ngemva kokunqoba ukukhululeka eGreat Britain, amakoloni ayishumi nantathu angaphambili asebenza ngaphansi kweZiphakamiso ze-Confederation, isivumelwano esikhululekile esanikeza amandla amancane kakhulu kuhulumeni ophakathi. IZihloko-Mkhandlu zabonakala zinganele: IBhunga langenalo igunya lokukhokha izintela zezentengo, ukulawula ibhizinisi lesizwe, noma ukumisa ibutho lesizwe. Amazwe asebenza njengezikhulu ezizimele, ngokuvamile amisa imingcele yezohwebo, ashicilela imingcele yawo, futhi aphikisana nemingcele ehlangene engokomthetho engokomthetho engokomthetho engokomthetho esobala eMassachuse.

Lapho i-Constitution of Convention ihlangana ePhiladelphia ngo-1787, izihambeli zasungula incwadi eyayinamandla kakhulu phakathi kwezifundazwe nohulumeni wesizwe. Kodwa ukuvikela kwakungaqinisekisiwe. Abaphikisi, abaziwa ngokuthi i-Anti-Federalist, baphikisa ukuthi uMthetho-sisekelo omusha wawuzokwakha uhulumeni onamandla kakhulu ozobhubhisa izifundazwe futhi unyathele inkululeko ngayinye. Amapester abhalwa ngokuqondisisa kulezo zizathu zokwesaba. Banikeza iphuzu eliningiliziwe, iphuzu ngalinye eliyinhloko lemisebenzi ehlolweyo, ichaza ukuthi kungani izakhiwo ezithile zemibuso, ukuhlola nokulinganisela, ukulinganisela, uhulumeni, uhulumeni, uhulumeni ozimeleyodwa, i-judiary judiary .

Injongo Yamaphepha Abaqondisi Bamazwe

Ekujuleni kwazo, lezi zindaba zihlose ukuchaza nokuvikela izimiso zoMthetho-sisekelo njengendlela engcono kakhulu yokumisa uhulumeni okwazi ukumisa imithetho ngokuphumelelayo kuyilapho ehlonipha amalungelo abantu. Abalobi bakhuluma ngokushukuma kohulumeni berepublic ababehlupha kuwo wonke umlando: indlela yokulondoloza ukuhleleka ngaphandle kokungena ebushiqelani. Ikhambi labo kwakuyirepublic eyinxanxanxalathile (iRogractal) kahulumeni wezwelonke olinganiselwe, ohlukanisa imibuso esebenza eceleni kohulumeni bekhono. Leli lungiselelo, baphikisa, lalifaneleka ngokukhethekile ukuvimbela ukumiswa kwegunya kunoma yisiphi isiphi isikhungo sombuso kuyilapho kusanikezwa igunya elinamandla elidingekayo ukuze kugcinwe ukuthula.

I-Federalist Papers igcizelela ukuthi umthetho nohlelo akunakufinyelelwa ngezinhloso ezinhle kuphela. Zidinga izakhiwo ezihlanganisa izithakazelo zalabo abaphethe ngokuhle komphakathi. Njengoba uJames Madison abhala ngodumo kuFederalist No. 51, “Izikhundla kumelwe zenzelwe ukulwa nesifiso sokuvelela.” Ngokuhlukanisa amandla phakathi kwemithetho, isikhulu, namagatsha okwahlulela, nangokuhlukanisa isishayamthetho sibe ngamagumbi amabili, uMthendeleko uqinisekisa ukuthi akukho qiniso elilodwa elingabusa wonke uhulumeni. Lokhu kuhlola kuyikhohlohlosi lenkululeko emisiwe .Nkahulumeni kuvumela ukuba ulwe ngokuqinile lapho kuvinjelwa kokusebenza okungenamthetho.

Ngaphandle kokuklanywa kwezindawo ezisemthethweni, lezi zindaba zikhuluma futhi ngesisekelo sengqondo nesomphakathi sokuhleleka. Ku-Federalist No. 49, uMadison uphikisa ngokuthi inhlonipho yabantu ngoMthetho-sisekelo ngokwawo isebenza njengethonya elizinzisayo. Uma umthetho oyisisekelo uhlotshaniswa njalo ngemihlangano ethandwayo, uhulumeni ungaba ongazinzi futhi angaqondakali. Ngokwenza ukuba uMthetho-sisekelo ube nzima ukuqeda, abafaki-mthetho bafuna ukuqinisa isimiso ngezimiso ezizodlula izinkanuko eziqinile. Lombono wesikhathi eside ubalulekile ekuqondeni umthetho kanye nohlelo oluvamile udinga ukuvumelana, hhayi nje ukuvumelana kwemithetho.

Izindikimba Eziyinhloko Ezihlobene NoMthetho Nohlelo

AmaPhepha avelele aqokomisa izihloko eziningana ezisalokhu zibalulekile ekuqondiseni imithetho yaseMelika nasekuqondiseni ubulungisa. Lezizihloko zichaza zonke ukuthi abahleli bamafulegi babecabanga kanjani ngohulumeni ongalondoloza ukuhleleka ngaphandle kokungena ebushiqelani.

Ukuhlukana Kwamandla

Mhlawumbe isimiso sokwakha esiyisisekelo kakhulu ukuhlukaniswa kwemibuso. UMthetho-sisekelo uhlukanisa uhulumeni wezwe ube ngamagatsha amathathu ahlukene: ukumiswa kwemithetho (uMongameli), isikhulu (uMongameli), kanye nokwahlulela (izinkantolo zikahulumeni). Igatsha ngalinye labelwe uhlelo oluhlukile lwemisebenzi futhi lisebenza ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Igatsha limiswe ngabantu, elikhethwe yimibuso, noma elimiswe ngokuphila okungahlukene. Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kwaklanyelwe ukuvimbela noma yimuphi umuntu oyedwa noma iqembu ukuba lisebenzise wonke amandla kahulumeni. Njengoba uHamilton echaza kuFederalist No. 78, i-judiary iyigatsha eliyingozi ngenxa yokuthi alilawuli inkemba noma isikhwama. Kumelwe kuphela lithembele kubaphathi beze. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi izikhali zezombangazwe azikho ukucindezelwa.

Kumthetho nohlelo, ukuhlukaniswa kwemibuso kusho ukuthi alikho igunya elilodwa elingawenza kokubili imithetho futhi liyiphoqelele. Isishaya-mthetho kumelwe sidlulisele imithetho ecacile; umphathi wesigebengu kumelwe aqikelele leyomithetho ngokungenasandla; ijaji kumelwe ayichaze ngokungakhethi. Lesisimo esinezici eziningi zokuziphendulela. Izakhamuzi ziphendukela emagatsheni ahlukene uma umuntu ephambanisa. Umthetho ongalungile ungabekelwa inselele enkantolo; ukuphikisa okuphindisela kungahlolwa ngokubukezwa ngokwezomthetho; umthetho wezikhulu oweqisa imingcele engokomthetho ungakhishwa phansi. Ukuhlukaniswa kwemibuso kungasebenza kanjalo njengokuvikela ukusetshenziswa kabi kwegunya ngokuvamile okuholela ekuphazameni ukuphazamiseka nokucindezelwa.

Amasheke Nokulinganisela

Nakuba ukwahlukana kwemibuso kunikeza imisebenzi ehlukile egatsheni ngalinye, ukuhlola nokulinganisela kuqinisekisa ukuthi alikho igatsha elingabusa amanye. UMongameli angawulawula umthetho; uMkhandlu ungawudlulisa lowo mthetho ngevoti eyisithathu ezimbili. ISigele siqinisekisa ukumiswa komongameli futhi sifake izivumelwano. Indlu ingaba izikhulu zikahulumeni, kuhlanganise noMongameli, futhi iSigele sibambe inkantolo. I-judicariary ingamemezela imithetho engavumelani namandla okubukeza izahlulelo (amandla uHamilton avikela ubude besivumelwano kuFederalist. No.). Futhi uMongameli umisa amajaji, ufaka isiqinisekiso seSishayamthetho. Lezi ziphathimandla ezihlelileyo zidala isimiso sokuqulwa kwegatsha ngalinye elinamandla okumelana namakhono.

Kumbono womthetho nohlelo, imishini ivimbela uhulumeni ukuba enze ngokuxhamazela kakhulu noma ngokuyimfihlo. Umthetho odlula kuzo zombili izindlu zomthetho-mthetho, usinda ekuhlolweni okungase kube ngumongameli wobumongameli, futhi kamuva usinda ekuhlolweni komthetho-mthetho ezinkantolo uye wabhekana nohlolwa okunzima. Lenqubo ayiqinisekisi ubulungisa obuphelele − kodwa yenza kube lula kakhulu ukuba imithetho ibonise ukucubungula nokuhlonipha imingcele esemthethweni. I-schecketting: uma elinye igatsha liba nomthetho owenziwayo, ezinye izinqubo zomthetho-ompetho ziwunqanda. Le yindlela ephambene nomthetho womthetho womthetho womthetho, lapho wonke amandla egeleza emthonjeni owodwa futhi encishisiwe. Umphakathi uyakwazi ukuveza ukuhleleka okunamandla, ukulondoloza inqubo eqinile, ewulungisayo inqubo elawulayo.

Igunya Lombuso Kahulumeni Nokuqina Kwesizwe

Isihloko esiyinhloko se-Federalist Papers yisidingo sikahulumeni onamandla ophethe ukulondoloza ukuzinza kwesizwe futhi aqikelele imithetho ngokulinganayo eqenjini. KuFederal No. 23, Hamilton uphikisa ngokuthi imibuso enikwe uhulumeni wesizwe kumelwe ihambisane nezinto eziphathiswe ukunakekelwa kwayo (ngokwamagama, isivikelo esivamile, ukulondolozwa kokuthula komphakathi, nomthetho wezentengiselwano. Uma uhulumeni wezwe ungenawo amandla okuphakamisa amabutho, intela ye-levy, noma intengosi elawulayo, ngeke ikwazi ukuphendula izinsongo zangaphandle. Umthetho-Constitution (icial VIle) ungenza umthetho ophakeme wezwe, obophakele ngisho nakuwo wonke amajajini angokomthetho. Lenhlangano yemithetho i-hoverstrupt i-od i-od proced projectives. I-Conventromentine yale seduze, i-Conventromead yale seduze, umthetho owenyuke ngaphansi kwe-A.

Nokho, ababhali be-Federalist baqaphela futhi izingozi zokukhathalela izwe ngokweqile. Baklama isimiso sikahulumeni lapho uhulumeni wezwe ehlela khona kuphela amandla kuyilapho imibuso igcina amandla ehlukene ezindabeni zendawo. Lokhu kunciphisa ukungezwani phakathi kweziphathimandla zesizwe nezwe kuyilapho kuqinisekisa ukuthi uhulumeni omkhulu ungenza ngokunembile ezindabeni zobuzwe. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izinhlangano zomthetho ezilawula umthetho njengo-FBI nezinkantolo zikahulumeni zingathintana nomthetho oweqashelwe ngokwesivumelwano, ubuphekula imingcele eqenjini, ubuphekula, kanye nezimiso eziyinkimbinkimbi zokulawula imibuso, kuyilapho imibuso nezinhlangano zendawo ziphatha ingxenye enkulu yemini-yokusebenza kwemithetho yezwe, ukumiswa kwemvume yomthetho, ukumiswa kwemvume negunya. Isilinganiso phakathi kwezwe negunya kuhlala njalo ezinhlelweni ezinkantolo, izinqumo zenkantolo, nezinqunywe zezombangazwe zezombangazwe ezisekelwe ephepheni embusweni ye-Focencencence: kanti i-Prounce ingundayd ngokomthetho engokomthetho wemvume engokomthetho wendawo, kodwa kumelwe ukuba igcinwe igcinwe igcinwe isikhulu somthetho wendawo.

Ukuvikelwa Kwamalungelo Engxenyeni Yomsebenzi Ongokomthetho Ohlelwe Kahle

Abameli be-Anti-Federalist bafuna imvume yamalungelo okuvikela inkululeko yomuntu ngamunye kuhulumeni omusha. Nakuba amaFederalist ekuqaleni ayephikisa ngokuthi ukwanda okukhethekile kwamalungelo kwakungadingekile, ngenxa yokuthi uMthetho-sisekelo ngokwawo walinganisela amandla kahulumeni kulawo mibuso owanikezwayo ngo-(-8] ekugcineni wavuma, futhi iBhiligly of Rights yenezelwe ngo1791. Kodwa i-Federalist Paper kakade inemfundiso eyinkimbinkimbi yesivikelo samalungelo. Kuwo wonke amazwe u-Federalist No. 84, uHamilton umian umi ephikisa ukuthi uMthetho-sisekelo ngokwawo uyimvume yamalungelo ngenxa yokuthi umisa uhulumeni olinganiselwe, udweba imibuso. Ngokwesibonelo, umthetho-sisekelo awunikezi mithetho evimbela imibandela yenkulumo, futhi awudingi ukuvikelwa kwemithetho yemithetho engokomthetho.

Kumthetho wanamuhla, lesi sihloko sibalulekile. Ifundisa ukuthi amalungelo awazona nje izithembiso ezingekho esizathwini; afakwe emalungiselelweni enhlangano. Ilungelo lommangalelwa elingokomthetho alivikelwe nje kuphela yiSichibiyelo seSihlalo sesithupha kodwa yiqiniso lokuthi abahluleli bazimele, abashushisi bayalandisa, futhi amajaji asebenza njengendlela yokuhlola amandla kahulumeni. Ilungelo lokukhuluma livikelwe yiSimemezelo Sokuqala, kodwa futhi futhi yiqiniso lokuthi iSishaya - mthetho simise amandla alinganiselwe futhi singaba nesibopho sokwahlulela ngokhetho. Ukuqonda okuhlangene kuwukuthi amalungelo angenakuhlala endaweni yesikhulu; adinga isimo sikahulumeni esivimbela amandla angenamthetho womthetho omthetho omthetho. Lokhu kuqondiswe amakhulu amaningi ekwamisweni kukaJohn Marshall kuqinisa izinqumo ze-Judiary ku-B. Isixwayiso sokuvikela umthetho futhi ayiqondiswe ngokufanelekile.

Izimfune Zomthetho Nohlelo Lwanamuhla

Izimiso ezibekwe kuyi-Federalist Papers ziyaqhubeka zithonya izimiso zomthetho waseMelika ngezindlela ezijulile. Umthetho wanamuhla womthetho-mthetho wasemthethweni wakhiwe osekelwe ohlelweni olwasungulwa yilezi zindaba. Imibono yeNkantolo Ephakeme ivame ukubhekisela kuma-Federal List Paper njengeziqondisi ezinegunya ekuqondeni komthetho-sisekelo kwasekuqaleni. Nakuba iNkantolo ingawabheki njengesibonelo esibophayo, amandla awo okuthonya akhulu kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ezimweni ezihilela ukwahlukana kwemibuso, uhulumeni, kanye nezingalo lwegunya eliphethe.

Enye yemiphumela yanamuhla ebaluleke kakhulu iphathelene nokulinganisela phakathi kwenhlalayenza nenkululeko yomphakathi. Ekuhloleni kuka-9/11, uhulumeni wandisa amandla awo okuhlola nokuvalela umthetho njenge-USA PATRIOTT Act. Abagxeki abaningi baphikisa ngokuthi lezi zinyathelo zeSichibiyelo sesine seSiphendu somthetho weSine seSiphendu somthetho nesokuqubuka kanye nenqubo efanelekile yokuhlelwa kwemithetho yeSimemezelo seSihlanu. Abaxhasi baphikisa ukuthi igunya elinamandla elinamandla lidingekile ukuze kulondolozwe lonke. Impikiswano iveza izimpikiswano eziye ze-Federalist Papers: ukuthi amandla kahulumeni wesizwe kumelwe agcine ukuhleleka, futhi umngcele lowo mandla ucindezela unjani? [uFom] futhi uyaqhubeka u-RFomston.[10] futhi uyaqhubeka nokuncintisana kwesimiso somthetho we-R.[0][4]

Enye indawo lapho ithonya leFederalist Papers lizwakala khona isemfundisweni yanamuhla ye- intethelelo. Ngaphansi komthetho ophakeme, umthetho wezwe ungawususa umthetho wezwe lapho i-Congress ihlela ukuthatha indawo ethile. Lokhu kubalulekile ekuqondiseni imithetho yezentengiselwano yezwe, izindinganiso zendawo ezungezile, ukufuduka, nezinye izindawo ezidinga ukungaguquguquki kwesizwe. Ngokwesibonelo, i-Ceac Air Act imisa izindinganiso zokukhipha igesi kahulumeni ezingenakudambisa amandla. Ngokufanayo, umthetho wezwe owe-omkhankambini uhluleka kwemizamo yokulawula ukufuduka. Lemithetho yemithetho ephikisanayo evimbela ukugcinwa kwemithetho yemithetho evimbela ukugcinwa komthetho nenhlala kahle phakathi kwemithetho yezwe. Imithetho ye-Federalive inikeza ukuhleleka kwalensi yokuqala lendlela yezentengiselwano yezentengiselwano yezwe ne-mthetho engokomthetho ehlangene. Imithetho egunyaza idinga ukubusa kumthetho ohulumeni ohulumeni owenziwayo.

Ijaji elizimele, elivikelwe kahle kakhulu nguHamilton in Federalist No. 78, lihlala liyitshe eliyisisekelo lomthetho nomyalo waseMelika. Abahluleli baphinde baphatha amahhovisi abo phakathi nokuziphatha okuhle (ngokuyisisekelo ukuziphatha) futhi amaholo abo awanakwehliswa lapho besehhovisi. Lezi zikhungo ziklanyelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amajaji akhululekile ukunquma izimo ngokwemithetho, ngaphandle kokwesaba ukuziphindisela kwezombangazwe. Ukuzimela kuyabaluleka ekulondolozeni umthetho: lapho uma ijaji liyala uhulumeni ukuba akhiphe ubufakazi, akhulule noma amise umthetho ongahambisani nomthetho, noma awugunyazenzile inqubo, ukuthi umthetho umelwe uthotyelwe kanjani. [[F4] ngisho nangokwezimo yezendla.[10] [[10] [12] [12][4] [e: F1], futhi uhulumeni uyakwazi ukukhomba wonke umbono womthetho owenzile:[Fog.[4][4][4]

Ngaphezu kwalokho, umthetho we-Federalist Papers ugcizelelwe kakhulu umthetho obekwe abantu owenziwe ngomthetho waseMelika. Umqondo wokuthi imithetho kumelwe ibe ngeyebo, umphakathi, ilindele, futhi igcizelelwe ngokulinganayo ufakwe kakhulu eMthethweni ka-Celas. INkantolo Ephakeme ibambelele ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuthi imithetho engacacile noma ewuhlulwa ngokuthukela ngenxa yokuthi abanikezi isaziso esilungile ezakhamuzini futhi bafaka umthetho wezenzisa umthetho wezeluleko. Isimiso sokuvikela okulinganayo, esithathwe eSingeni se-145th Refemitelles, futhi siphinda sibheke ukukhathazeka okungoko kukahulumeni kumelwe aphathe zonke izakhamuzi ngokulinganayo phambi komthetho. Uma uhulumeni ukhipha umthetho osebenza eqekelele eqenjinini noma eqenjinini elithile kuphela noma ngaphansi kwezimiso zemithetho zika-Fopletivel. I-Genegastitution ayisho ngokucacile ukuthi umthetho owenziwa yimithetho omisiwe, kodwa uveza wonke umthetho owenziswe yiyo, kodwa ugunyazo owe wonke owenziwayo

Izimpikiswano Zesikhathi Esizayo: Umbuso Kahulumeni Nama - United States

Namuhla, izimpikiswano ngomthetho nomthetho ziyaqhubeka zikhona ezinkantolo nasemabhukwini. Impikiswano enjengokuqamba insangu ngokomthetho, amadolobha angcwele, namalungelo okuvota zifaka wonke umthamo phakathi kwegunya likahulumeni nombuso. Ngokwesibonelo, amazwe amaningi aye agunyaza ukuzijabulisa ngensangu naphezu kokuqhubeka kwayo ingekho emthethweni ngaphansi komthetho kahulumeni. Lokhu kwenza umthetho wobuJaji ube nesimiso sokungavumelani, kodwa imingcele yamandla ehlangene ilindele ukuba incintiseke ngokuphikisana. Izimiso zobuhlanga zisikisela ukuthi abaphathi bemithetho yamahlelo okuzama ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene zokwahlulela ngomthetho womthetho, kodwa uhulumeni wesizwe ugcina amandla omthetho wezwe ukuba ubeke imithetho yawo ngaphansi kwemithetho yawo siqu uma ikhetha. Lokhu kwenza ubhino olunamandla okuhlela abasunguli bemibuso.

Ngokufanayo, impikiswano emayelana “nomthetho nohlelo” emongweni wenguquko yamaphoyisa ithinta izihloko zamasheke nezilinganiso. Ukubiza amaphoyisa ukulandisa ngokuvamile kugxile esidingweni sokuqondisa okuzimele, amakhamera endikimba, nemiphumela engokomthetho yezimiso zokuziphatha okubi. Lezi zinyathelo ziyizinhlelo zanamuhla zesimiso sobuFederali somthetho ukuthi amandla kumelwe ahlolwe ukuvimbela ukuxhashazwa. Imfundiso yeNkantolo Ephakeme yezokuvikela ukunqanda ukungenwa kwamaphoyisa, ngokuvamile evikela isibopho somphakathi, iye yagxekwa njengokululaza leso sinqumo. Izishaya-mthetho nezishayamthetho zemithetho manje ziphikisana nezinguquko ezizolungisa ukulinganisela phakathi kokugcinwa komthetho ophumelelayo namalungelo abantu ngabanye. i-Federalistlist Papers isikhumbuza ukuthi kokubili kubalulekile: imfundiso yeNkakhulu yezomthetho engenakuvikela amalungelo omphakathi ngaphandle komthetho, futhi umphakathi ongenakukwazi ukuvikela inselelenenselele. Inselele ukuba umphakathi ukulondoloza isimiso somphakathi.

Isiphetho: Ukukhuthazelela Ukuhlehliswa Kwamaphepha Ohlelo Lwezikhungo Zomphakathi

Amapheji azimele ahlala eyisiqondiso esibalulekile ekuzameni kwaseMelika ekuzilawuleni. Bachaza ukuthi kungani umthetho nokuhleleka kungadingi imithetho nje kuphela, kodwa izakhiwo eziklanywe ngokucophelela ezisakaza, ezihlukanisayo, nezihlola amandla. Bafundisa ukuthi ukuphishekela uhlelo akumelwe kuvunyelwe ukuba kufinyelelwe inkululeko, nokuthi inkululeko ingachuma kuphela phakathi komthetho ozinzile, ozinqumelayo. Izincwadi zinikeza futhi ukufezeka okungokoqobo: ziyavuma ukuthi abantu abazona izingelosi, nokuthi noma isiphi isimiso sikahulumeni kumelwe siklanyelwe ukubhekana nesifiso sokuvelela, iqiniso, nokuhluleka kwabaholi.

Ezikhathini zethu eziphikisanayo, amaFederalist Paper anikeza umbono obalulekile. Asikhumbuza ukuthi umthetho awuziqalisi − udinga izakhamuzi eziqaphile, izinkantolo ezizimele, futhi zikhethwe izikhulu ezihlonipha imingcele yomthetho-sisekelo. Izimpikiswano ngamandla kahulumeni, igunya eliphethe, namalungelo azimele abasunguli abawenzayo asavuleka. Ngokubuyela emazwini kaPublius, singaqonda umqondo wokuqala wokuthi usebenza isimiso sethu somthetho futhi senze izahlulelo ezithe xaxa ngokuphathelene nendlela yokulondoloza umthetho nokuhleleka ngekhulu leminyaka elingamashumi amabili namashumi amabili nanhlanu.

Ukuze ufunde ngokwengeziwe, umbhalo ogcwele we-Federalist Papers utholakala eMtatsheni Wohlangano ehttps:/guides.lov.gov.federalist-maphepha-mbhalo ogcwele[. ISikhungo somthetho-sisekelo sinikeza isiqondiso esihambisanayo [[FLT:] [[FLT:]] i-https.org/internetic-constitution/constitution [. Ukunyukela kakhulu emongweni, bona [[FLL:] [FLT]] [FLT] [4] I-Foctives.Foctives.[7]