ISigele sase-United States asiyona nje indawo yokushaya umthetho; siwumshini ohlelwe kahle oklanyelwe ukumelela amazwe ngokulinganayo nokuphoqelela ukumiswa kwemithetho enzima. Ukuqonda ukubusa kwe-Melika kuqonde ukuvota kweSishaya-mthetho. Ngokungafani nendlu yabameleli, lapho imithetho yokulawula ngokuqinile nemithetho elula ekhona, iSigeqe sisebenza entweni ehlelelwe amasiko futhi sime ngokunamandla. Lesi sihloko sinikeza ukuwohloka okunegunya kwendlela izigebengu ezisebenza ngayo, kuvota kwezwi leposi elibizwa nge-atchoontal-ops eziphezulu 60-votacer-othroll edie efunwayo ukunqoba i-pastbossss.

Isisekelo Somthetho - sisekelo Nesimiso Sokusakaza Izincwadi Zezigele

Amandla okuvota nokwakheka kweSigele kusekelwe eSiphakamisweni I soMthetho-sisekelo wase-U.S. I-Article I, Ingxenye 3 ekuqaleni yanikezwa ukukhethwa kwezishayamthetho zikahulumeni, umkhuba owaqhubeka kwaze kwaba ukumiswa kwe-Claus (] 17th Isimemezelo [[[FLT:]]] 17 [[FLT]]]] ngo-1913, okugunyaza ukuvota okuthandwayo. Amandla eSigebe somthetho ukuvota emthetho acacile ku- ku- Claus (IQI, isigaba I, isigaba 7)[FLT], okufuna ukuba zonke izigebezo ezidluliswe yikhomu yombili izakhiwo zendlu ne-Stestorniornited.[Fod]]

Ngaphandle komthetho ovamile, uMthetho-sisekelo unika iSigele amandla ahlukile " Advice kanye ne- Conf". Lokhu kudinga imikhawulo eqondile yokuvota yezivumelwano (inani eliphindwe kathathu elikhona) kanye nokuqinisekiswa kwemiba yezikhulu neyahlulelo (iningi elivamile, ngaphandle kokuba i-finbuster inyusiwe).

ISigele sisebenza ngaphansi kwendikimba ehlala njalo yemithetho eyaziwa ngokuthi Ukumisa Imithetho yeSigele . Lemithetho ifakwa ngezandulela, izivumelwano zemvume ezivumelanayo, nokusetshenziswa ngezikhathi ezithile "icebo lenuzi" ukushintsha izincazelo zeningi elivamile. Imithetho yamuva yahlanganiswa futhi yathathwa ekupheleni kwekhulu le-199 nasekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, ngokushintsha okukhulu okwenzeka ngo-1917 (ukusungulwa kwe-Roseculo) nango-1975 (ukusetshenziswa komnyango wehlwithwa kusukela kuma-3,5 kuya ku-3).

Izinhlobo Zemikhankaso Yezigele: Izindlela Zokunquma

Indlela ivoti ethathwa ngayo eSigele ivame ukubaluleka njengomphumela. Iziphathi zinezindlela eziningana ezikhona, ngayinye efanela amazinga ahlukene empikiswano futhi idinga ukugcinwa komlando.

U Vote wephimbo (Viva Voce)

Indlela evame kakhulu neshesha kakhulu ukuvota kwezwi. Umphathi-mikhosi uyabuza: "Bonke abathandayo bathi `Yea''." (Izimemezelo ziphendula "Yeya.""""Bonke abaphikisayo baphendula "Nyay."). Umphathi-mikhosi uzakukhetha ukuthi yiluphi uhlangothi olukhulu. Lendlela isetshenziselwa izindaba ezingezona ezivamile njengezinqumo, ukukhumbula, noma izindleko ezincane. Akukho rekhodi ngalinye le-Sencator. I-Sennitor ngayinye ingafuna ukuvota.

Ukwehlukana (Ukuma Umsindo)

Uma umphumela wevoti yezwi ungacacile noma uma i-Senator ewubuza, kungacelwa isigaba. Isikhulu esiphethe sicela izikhulu ukuba zime futhi zibalwe, zilandelwe yilabo abaphikisayo. Lokhu kunikeza inani elingaziwa lomuntu ofuna futhi omelene nawo, kodwa amagama awabhalwanga ephephabhukwini elingokomthetho.

Rolla ucingo Vote (Iyabuye yaqotshelwa)

Lena indlela eyinhloko yomthetho omkhulu, ukuphikisana okuphikiswayo, nokuthatha i-procensical. Ukuvota ngezwi elilodwa kudinga igama le-Senator ngayinye ukuze ibizwa ngokulandelana kwe-alphagrate, futhi ivoti yabo ibhaliwe e [ i-Conational Recomponion Record[. Kusukela ngo 1965, iSigele sisebenzise isimiso sovota somshini. Uma ucingo luyaliwe, abashicimi banemizuzu engu 15 yokufaka ikhadi labo lokuvota kwesinye seziteshi ezindlini. Imiphumela iboniswa ngokushesha ezibhodini ezinkulu zemishini. Ucindezela, umphakathi, nenzalo ebhekise kakhulu ukuze kuvinywe imvume ye-Sten'igeoctive'. Ungahlola ukuqasha irekhodi lezikhulu ze-votist [Foten] [Fote]]

Inkokhelo Yesandla (UC)

Imvume yemvume yemvume injini evumela iSigele ukuba sisebenze ngokunempumelelo. Ngenxa yokuthi iSigele sinesiko lempikiswano engenamkhawulo, noma isiphi isigebengu esisodwa singamelana nesicelo futhi simise intuthuko. Ukugwema ukuvota ngenkathi ethatha isikhathi sokuhlela inombolo ye-oda ezindabeni ezivamile, uMholi weMajoni noma umklami uzakucela ukuvuma ngokuvumelana ukuthatha umthetho noma ukuthatha isigebemgebezo. Uma kungekho nto ye-Senator, isicelo singadlula. Izinto ezithile ze-enator [, isicelo se-UC siyahluleka, futhi i-Gartle idinga ukuvota okuvamile. Isibonelo, "Ngicela ukuvuma ukuthi isekeni i-Ste idlulise ukucatshangelwa kwekhalenda." Nohlelo lwesivumelwano sokusebenza kwe-UC'inqulurst'ir'ist'icebo lokusebenzisa ibhizinisi.

Ukumemeza Ngequorum

Ngokuvamile kunephutha ekuvoteni, ukubiza kwe-traorum kuyinqubo esetshenziselwa ukumisa ukuba khona kweningi lama-Senator (51) okudingeka ukuba aqhube ibhizinisi. Umabhalane ubiza umqulu ukuze athole ukuthi ukhona. Izimemezelo ze-énator zivame ukusebenzisa izimemezelo ze-carmon ukuze zingasheshi isikhathi noma zixoxe ngemva kwezenzakalo lapho unobhalana efunda amagama.

Inqubo Yomsebe Esemthethweni: Kusuka Ekuhambeni Kuya Ekudluleni Kokugcina

Ukuqonda indlela isikweletu esiqala ngayo ukungena singene evotini yokugcina kudinga ukuqonda izinyathelo eziqondile ezichaza ukucabangela kweSigele.

Isenzo Sokuqhubeka

Ngaphambi kokuba iSigele sixoxe ngisho nangecala, kumelwe sivume ukulithatha. Umholi weMajority unikeza umuzwa wokuqhubeka [ ekuhlolweni kwesivumelwano esithile esiqondile. Lokhu kunyakaza ngokwako kuyaphikisana. Lokhu kusho ukuthi idlanzana lingase liqhubeke, livimbele ngokuphumelelayo imvume yokusuka ekufikeni phansi. Lokhu kuyisithiyo sokuqala esikhulu somthetho ophikisanayo.

Inqubo yeSichibiyelo: "iVote-a-rama" kanye ne-German

Uma isikhala sesiphansi, izikhokhi zinganikeza ukubuyiselwa kwemali. Lokhu kungaholela enqubweni yokulungisa evulekile, esho ukuthi i-Senator ngokuvamile inganikeza ukubuyiselwa kwanoma isiphi isihloko, ngaphandle kokuba isivumelwano se-UC sinqabe ukubhabha noma i-ibhamu (ukuvimbela ukuqedwa kokubhaliswa kwemali). Lokhu kungaholela e- ""'i-rama"[[FLT:]][FLT]][a uchungechunge olusheshayo lwe-ovalm-sting trallssssss bever avtivements. Lokhu kuvame kakhulu phakathi nohlelo lwemali, lapho kuhlelwa khona impikiswano elinganiselwe [FFOT] ngokuyal [FLD][3]

Umsindo Wokugcina Wokudlula

Ngemva kokuba sekuqedwe konke ukubuyiselwa, amavoti eNkampane ekudluleni kokugcina kwesivumelwano somthetho (noma isinqumo sokudilizwa kwesivumelwano). Isikhulu esiphetheyo sibuza: "Umbuzo ukhona ekudluliseni kwemali. Bonke abavumelanayo bathi `Yea'." Uma ucingo luyaliwe, umabhalane uzobiza umqulu ngezinhlamvu zezinhlamvu, kanti abavoti "Yeya," "Nay" noma "Impatho". Imfuneko yomthetho ye-station ye-remorum (51 Sagers) kumelwe ibe khona ukuze ivoti isebenze.

Amasu okuthatha isinyathelo: I-jorth elula ngokuphikisana. I-Supermary

Isici esiwujuqu sevoti yesigele singumnyango ofunekayo ukuba udlule. ISigele sanamuhla sisebenza ngaphansi kwemikhawulo emithathu eyinhloko, futhi ukuqonda kudingekile ekuqondeni ukukhubazeka kwemithetho yegumbi.

IMatriath Elula (50% + 1)

Izenzo eziningi ezivamile zidinga kuphela iningi labavoti abakhona kanye nokuvota, ukulinganisa i-salm ikhona. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukudlulisa umthetho, ukwamukela inguquko, ukukhetha uMholi weMajor, nokumisa izimemezelo eziningi zokuqondisa nokwahlulela kusukela ku "icebo lenuzi" lacelwa ngo-2013 nango-2017. Uma ivoti ingu-51-50, uMongameli angaphula uthayi. Uma ivoti ingu 50-50, ivoti kaMongameli we-Mongameli inikeza inani elivamile.

Ibanga Elingu-Fiths Emithathu (60 Votes) – IFilibuster Ne - cloture

Lesi isici esisodwa esibaluleke kakhulu kwezombangazwe seSigele sanamuhla. Filibuster iyisu lokunwebela impikiswano ukuba ibambezele noma ivimbele ukuvota emalini noma ukuthatha isitho sokufakela. Ukunqanda i-monicbuster, iSigele kumelwe sinxuse [ ukuqubuka ngaphansi [[FLT:]]] RULEIXII.

Umlando: I-filbuster yavela ngengozi ngo-1806 lapho iSigele sisusa "unyaka ongaphambili", sisusa ngokungaqondi indlela yokuqeda impikiswano. Engxenyeni enkulu yekhulu le-19, i-monitor yadinga i-Senator ukubamba iphansi. Ukubusa kwamanje kwakhiwe ngo-191722. Ngo-1965, umnyango wahhliswa kusuka kuma-3-31 alabo abakhona futhi wavota kusuka kuma-fthth-fith eSihlabeni esikhethiwe futhi wafungezwa.[[[FLT:]]]

Inqubo: Ukucela ukuvuleka, isicelo kumele sisayinwe yi-16 Senators. Ezinsukwini ezimbili kamuva, iSigele sivota ekuhambeni kwehlule. Uma ama-Entenator angu-60 evota ukucela ukuvuselelwa, impikiswano ilinganiselwe kumahora angu-30. Uma ukunyakaza kwehlulekayo kuhluleka, i-finbuster iyaqhubeka, futhi umlomo ufe ngokuphumelelayo.

Ngenxa yokuthi i-finbuster ingafakwa cishe kunoma yimuphi umthetho ongaphansi, iSigele sidinga ngokuphumelelayo ukuthatha ama-60-eye-conometial ukuze sidlulisele izikweleti ezinkulu kakhulu zezimiso. Yingakho iSigele sivame ukuchazwa ngokuthi "umzimba onezibopho eziyi 60"" ukuze uthole incazelo eningiliziwe yokuziphendukela kwehlule, bheka umbiko wenkonzo yokucwaninga ye-Filibusters no-CLT.

Ama - jeatri Ama - triad Amakhulu (67 Votes)

Umnyango ophakeme kakhulu odingeka ebhizinisini elivamile uhlanganisa inani eliphindwe kathathu lama-Senator elikhona kanye nokuvota (noma lomzimba ophelele, kuye ngokwesenzo). Lokhu kuyadingeka nge-:

  • [[I- Ukukhetha I-Impecation: kudinga inombolo ezimbili-ntathu ze-Senators ezikhona (67 uma zonke zikhona).
  • [ I-Ratiation: Isigaba II sidinga "Iseluleko nemvume yeSigele, inikezwa izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zezikhulu ezikhona ezivumelanayo.
  • Izichibiyelo ze-consitugation: Ukudlula kwenguquko ehlongozwayo yomthetho-sisekelo kudinga ingxenye enkulu yamahora amabili-ntathu.
  • Veto Engadleki: Ukuthatha i-veto enguMongameli idinga amavoti amabili-ntathu akho kokubili indlu neSigele.

“ Ikhambi Lenuzi ” Nombuso We - Byrd

"Indlela yenuzi" icebo lephalamende elivumela iSigele ukuba sishintshe imithetho yaso ngevoti elula, sidlulise imfuneko ejwayelekile yezinguquko zomthetho. Yasetshenziswa ngo-2013 ukuqeda imfuneko yama-60-vote ye-cominements (ngaphandle kweNkantolo Ephakeme). Yaphinde yasetshenziswa ngo-2017 ukuqeda imithetho yeNkantolo Ephakeme. Byrd Lawulo yanikeza umnyango wama-60-vote we-"extracential" wemali ebhajective, ogonyelwe i-partumssss.

Indima Kamongameli Oyisekela: Imfundo Yama - 51

Umongameli oyisekela uMongameli wase-United States usebenza njenge- umongameli weSigele . Ngaphansi [[FLT:]] I-Acticle I, Ingxenye 3, Claus 4, uMongameli ongumKhosi "ngeke abe khona, ngaphandle kokuba abe ahlukene ngokulinganayo. Lokhu kuye kwasetshenziswa ngokulinganayo emlandweni, kodwa kuye kwaba nokubekwa icala elikhulu. UMongameli we-Mongameli akakwazi ukuvota ukudala iqhina; angavota kuphela ukuphula elinye. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uMongameli ongumongameli ophethe angavota entweni enyakazayo noma isibambiso sokukhokha esifile. Lokhu kuye kwasetshenziswa kakhulu enkathini evelele ephakathini yesigaba esingu-50. Umphakathi uveza uhlu lwezibophotho, [FFote]

Izabelo Zamakomiti: Isango Lokuqala

Ngaphambi kokuba noma isiphi isikhwama noma isinyunyana sifinyelele phansi kweSishaya-mthetho esiphelele, kumelwe sisinde ekuvotelweni kwekomiti. ISigebengu sihlukaniswa ngamakomiti amile angu-20 (umz., i-Judiary, IMalime, Imisebenzi Yobuzwelo, Imisebenzi Yombuso yamazwe Angaphandle). Amakomiti athatha ukuqulwa kwecala kanye nemithetho yokubhalisa . Phakathi nokuvota, amalungu ekomitini elungisa ukuqedwa kwemithetho kanye nekhomba kokugcina kwemali phakathi kwekomiti. Uma ikomiti ivota ukubika imvume yokukhokha icala, iya ekhalendelweni eligcwele. Uvoti ekomitini (noma ivoti emelene nokubikwa) i-mphongo) ibulala kakhulu isimemezelo ngenxa yalowo hulumeni. Ikomiti ivotela uphawu oluqinile lwesivumelwano sesivumelwano nesezombangazwe.

Isiphetho: Ukwakheka Okumangalisayo Kokwenziwa Kwesinqumo Sezigele

Ukuqonda amavoti afunwa ukulandelela izinto ezintathu eziguquguqukayo: indlela yokuvota (ilayisense, ukuhlukanisa, ukubiza amagama), umnyango odingekayo (olula, abathathu-fith, ababili-ntathu), kanye nomongo we-procedal (ukuqhubeka, ukuxazululeka, i-pastry, umsuka wokugcina). ISigele siklanyelwe ukuba sibe igumbi lokuvota elihamba kancane, elithatha imingcele engaphezulu. Imithetho yaso igunyaza iqembu elincane ne-Senegator ngokwezinga elingabonwa ngesilinganiso esingabonakali ezindlini eziningi zentando yeningi.

Impikiswano eqhubekayo emayelana ne-banbuster, umthetho wamalungelo okuvota, nokusetshenziswa kwendlela yenuzi iqokomisa ukuthi imithetho yeSigele ayiyona imithetho eqashelwayo kodwa iyindawo yempi yezombangazwe ephilayo. Ukubuka ivoti yeSigele kubukela ukufana kweshesi ye-200 leminyaka edlule.