I-Public Place Lave ingenye yezimiso eziphawuleka kakhulu emthethweni wokufuduka wase-U.S., ezithinta hhayi labo abafuna indawo yokuhlala ehlala njalo kuphela kodwa nezifiki ezifuna ukuqashelwa kwemvelo. Abantu abaningi abaqondi ukuthi lomthetho usebenza kanjani, ikakhulukazi uma kuziwa ekubeni isakhamuzi sase-U.S. lesi sihloko siphula umbono womphakathi wokumangalelwa, sichaza umlando waso, sihlola indlela okuthinta ngayo ngokuqondile izicelo ezingokwemvelo, futhi sinikeza isiqondiso esiwusizo kubantu abavela kwamanye amazwe nabafundisi abasebenza nabo.

Uyini Umbuso Wokuzibeka Icala Komphakathi?

Ngamazwi alula, umthetho womphakathi uhlola ukuthi umuntu ongangeni esitolo uyoncika ngokuyinhloko kuhulumeni wase-U.S. ukuze athole ukusekela ngokwezimali ngosizo lwemali yomphakathi noma ngokunakekela okuthathe isikhathi eside. Igama elithi "icala lomphakathi" ngokwalo linomsuka ojulile emthethweni wokufuduka, kodwa ukuchazwa kwalo kuye kwashintsha ngokuphawulekayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ngaphansi komthetho wamanje, umuntu ozimisele ukuba icala lomphakathi angalatshelwa ukuba avunyelwe ukuba avunyelwe ukuba ahlale e-United States, anganqatshelwa ukuhlaziywa kwesimo esingokomthetho, futhi angabekwa ekwenzeni ukususwa. Nokho, lomthetho awusebenzi ngokuqondile ekusetshenzisweni kwemvelo ngendlela efanayo ekusetshenzisweni kwamakhadi aluhlaza. Kunalokho, uthonya imvelo ngokungaqondile ngezimfuneko ezihlobene nokuziphatha okuhle nokuvuma ngokomthetho.

Ukuqonda lo mehluko kubalulekile kunoma ubani oya esabelweni sobuzwe.

Isihluthulelo Sokuzuza Izinhlelo Ezihlolwayo

Akuzona zonke izinzuzo zomphakathi eziphakamisa ukukhathazeka. Izinkampani zezokuthutha zigxila ezinhlotsheni ezithile zosizo. Ngokomlando, umthetho ubheka kuphela njengezinzuzo zemali njenge-Someral Security Income (SI), i-Harter help for Needy Families (TTANF), kanye nosizo lwezwe. Ukunakekelwa kwamazwe okuhlala isikhathi eside (ngokwesibonelo, iMedicaid ukuxhasa ikhaya lasebekhulile) kwakukhona.

Isikhulu seTrump sandisa incazelo ngo-2019 ukuze sihlanganise izinzuzo ezingezizo ezenkawu njenge:

  • I - Medicaid (ngaphandle kwezinkonzo eziphuthumayo, usizo lwezinhlekelele nezinzuzo zezingane noma zabesifazane abakhulelwe)
  • Isimiso Sosizo Lokudla Esinezakhi (SNAP)
  • Usizo lwezindlu (Izikhombo 8 nezindlu zomphakathi)

Lokhu kuhlanganisa kwadala ukudideka nokwesaba okusakazekile, kwaholela abafuduki abaningi abafanelekayo ukuba bahlukane nezinhlelo ezidingekayo. I-Biden yaziguqula lezi zandi, yabuyela ekwakheni izakhiwo zangaphambi ko-2019. Ngasekuqaleni kuka-2025, ukuqashelwa komphakathi ngokuyinhloko kubheka usizo lwemali nokunakekelwa okuthatha isikhathi eside kwezinhlangano. Izinzuzo zobukhasha obungalele njenge-SNAP, Médicaid, kanye nosizo lwezindlu azithathwa ekufuneni komphakathi ukuvunyelwa noma ekulungiseni isikhundla.

Nokho, kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuthi ukusebenzisa noma yiziphi izinzuzo kungaba okubalulekile lapho kucatshangelwa ngokwemvelo uma kuphakamisa imibuzo ngokuziphatha okuhle.

Umlando Nokuziphendukela Kwemvelo Komthetho Wokuhlasela Omphakathi

Izisekelo Zakuqala

Umqondo wokumangalelwa komphakathi usukela emuva eMthethweni ka - 1882, owavumela ukukhishwa kwanoma yimuphi umuntu ukuba abe yicala lomphakathi. Ingxenye enkulu yekhulu lama - 20, umthetho wawusetshenziswa ngokuqondisisa abahloli bezokufuduka emachwebeni okungena.

Isiqondiso Se - UNS ka - 1999

Ngo - 1999, i - Immigration and Naturation Service (INS) yanikeza isiqondiso esicacile esicacisa ukuthi usizo lwemali noma ukunakekelwa kwesikhathi eside kuphela okungabangela ukutholakala kwecala lomphakathi.

Ukubusa kukaTrump-Era kuka - 2019

NgoFebruary 2020 (nencwadi yokuqala ngoAugust 2019), iDepartment of Homeland Security yamisa umthetho omusha owandisa ngokuphawulekayo incazelo yokukhokhwa komphakathi. Wabheka i-lishi ye-SNAP, Medicaid, usizo lwezindlu, nezinye izinzuzo njengezici ezimbi. Lomthetho waveza futhi "ubunzima obuphelele" obabunzima kakhulu ekufakani izikhangiso. Umthetho wabangela ukwehla okukhulu ekusetshenzisweni ngokunenzuzo emikhayeni yabafuduki, ngisho naleyo enabantwana abahlala e - United States, ngenxa yokwesaba imiphumela yokufuduka.

Inkantolo Ephakeme yavumela ukuba iphoqelelwe lapho kuqulwa icala, kodwa ithonya layo elingokoqobo lalibalulekile.

Ukuvuselelwa Kwemibuso Yamabhiden

UMongameli Biden wakhipha umyalo ophethe ngoFebruary 2021 oqondisa izinhlangano ukuba zibukeze umthetho womphakathi okhokhelwayo. I-DHS yabe isiyeka ukuphoqelela umthetho wango-2019. Ngo-September 2022, kwakhishwa umthetho omusha wokugcina, ophumelelayo ngoDecember 23, 2022. Lomthetho wabuyisela incazelo yangaphambi kuka-2019: izimali zomphakathi zisekelwe ekutholeni usizo lwemali ekunakekeleni iholo noma ekunakekeleni izindleko zenhlangano ezinde zikahulumeni. Yabuye yacacisa ukuthi imali yomshuwalensela ezempilo ngaphansi kwe-Afford Care Act nosizo lokudla ayibalwanga.

Kusukela ngo-2025, umthetho weBiden-era usasebenza, nakuba abaqondisi besikhathi esizayo bengaphinde bashintshe isimiso. Abafuduki nothisha kumelwe baqaphele ukuthi kungadingeka bashintshe.

Indlela Ukubusa Komphakathi Kokukhokha Icala Okuthinta Ngayo Ukusetshenziswa Kwemvelo

Nakuba ukuqashwa komphakathi kokungakholeki kusebenza ngokuqondile ezinhlelweni zezicelo zamakhadi aluhlaza kanye nabafaki bemvume, ukuhlobana kwayo nokubekwa kwemvelo kucaciswe kakhulu. Nazi izindlela eziyinhloko umthetho othinta ngazo labo abafuna ukuba isakhamuzi sase-U.S.:

Imfuneko Yokuziphethe Kahle

Abafaka isicelo sokuthola imvelo kumelwe babonise ukuziphatha okuhle phakathi nenkathi yomthetho (ngokuvamile iminyaka emihlanu, noma emithathu kubangane bomphakathi wase-U.S.) i-USCIS ingathola ukuntuleka kokuziphatha okuhle uma umfaki wesicelo eye wahileleka ekuziphatheni okuphula imithetho yokufuduka noma esikisela ukungazinaki izibopho ezingokomthetho. Nakuba ukuthola izinzuzo zomphakathi kungamane nje kuvimbele abantu abanokuziphatha okuhle, umkhangisi oye watholakala engenakukhokhwa njengecala phakathi nesikhathi sabo njengesakhamuzi esingokomthetho kungahlolwa.

Ngokukhethekile, uma umfaki wesicelo ethola ikhadi labo eliluhlaza ngomkhaya noma ngokuxhasa umsebenzi futhi umxhasi wasayina i-affidavit yokusekela (Form I-864), i-lick yomfaki wezinzuzo ezithile zomphakathi ezihlolwayo ingabonisa ukuthi ukusekela komxhasi kwakungafanele. Lokho kungaphakamisa imibuzo mayelana nokuphumelela kokuqala kwendalo, futhi, ngokwengxenye, isicelo semvelo.

Ukuba Khona Okungenamthetho Nokumangalela Komphakathi

Uma umfuduki ebekwe ekususweni kwenqubo noma enqatshwe ukuvunyelwa okusekelwe ekumangalweni komphakathi, lowomlando kumelwe uchazwe kuForm N-400. USCIS uzokuhlola izimo. Ukuzimisela komphakathi kwangaphambili okuye kwaguqulwa kamuva noma okubangelwa ukwaziswa okunephutha kungase kungabi yisithiyo. Kodwa ukutholakala okuqhubekayo kokuba inkantolo yomphakathi kungathinta ukuhlaziywa kokuziphatha okuhle.

Izigcawu Zemvelo

Ngaphansi kwe-INA 31:6 (a), isikhalazo esingokwemvelo kumelwe sibe umuntu onokuziphatha okuhle. Akukho sikhwama esiqondile somthetho sokuba isigwebo somphakathi phakathi nesikhathi ngemva kokuba i-LPR. Nokho, uma umfaki wesicelo, kuyilapho eyi-LPR, ngokuyinhloko ethembele osizweni lwemali futhi engagcini umthombo ongokomthetho weholo, i-USCIS ingaphikisa ngokuthi lowo mfaki wesicelo akakwazi ukuzisekela futhi ngenxa yalokho untula ubuntu obuhle bokuziphatha.

Empeleni, akuvamile ukuba i - USCIS iphike ukuthi ingokwemvelo ngenxa nje yokuthola izinzuzo zomphakathi, kodwa kuye kwenzeka.

Impikiswano Yokusekela

Izakhamuzi eziningi ezingokomthetho zathola ikhadi lazo eliluhlaza ngokusekelwe ekusekeleni komxhasi. Uma umxhasi engawugcini umholo odingekayo, futhi umfuduki ephendukela ekusizeni komphakathi, umxhasi wayengase amangalelwe uhulumeni. Isicelo somfuduki singagcinwa lapho i-USCIS ihlola ukuthi kukhona ukukhwabanisa noma ukuhluleka ukusekela. Lena indawo eyinkimbinkimbi edinga usizo olungokomthetho.

Izici Eziyinhloko Ezihlolwa Ekuzimiseleni Ukubusa Umphakathi

Lapho i-USCIS ihlola ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuba othile abe yisikhalo somphakathi (ngokwesibonelo, lapho kulungiswa izinga lesikhundla), icabangela ukuphelela kwezimo. Izici eziyinhloko zibekwa emyalelweni nasemithethweni. Ukuqonda lezi zici kusiza abafuduki nabasekeli babo ukuba balungiselele izimo eziqinile.

  • Age — Abasha nabadala abafaka isicelo bangabhekwa njengamathuba amaningi okufuna usizo, nakuba ubudala bodwa bungesona isikhala esivimbelayo.
  • [[NTL:0] Isihe [ — isimo sezokwelapha esingase sidinge ukunakekelwa isikhathi eside noma ukwelashwa okubizayo siyisici esiyingozi. Nokho, ukuba nomshuwalense wempilo noma ikhono lokukhokha ukunakekelwa kunganciphisa lokhu.
  • Ubungakanani bomkhaya[ — imikhaya emikhulu ingaba sengozini enkulu yokudinga izinzuzo zomphakathi, ikakhulukazi uma iholo lendlu liphansi.
  • Ukuma okuqinile kanye nenkozo — umsebenzi osemthethweni neholo elingaphezu kuka 125% weziqondiso zobumpofu zikahulumeni ziyizici eziqinile.
  • Amafastere nemithombo — Ukugcinwa, impahla, nezinye izinto kubonisa ukunethezeka. I-application kumele ibhale izitatimende zebhange, izivumelwano zempahla, kanye nama-akhawunti okutshala imali.
  • Imfundo namakhono — imfundo ephakeme namakhono akhethekile kuthuthukisa ukuqashwa futhi kunciphisa amathuba okuncika emphakathini.
  • Affidavit of Sesseked — Isivumelwano esigunyaziswa ngokomthetho sokusekela okugunyazwayo okuvela kumxhasi onekhono wezimali siyisici esiwusizo esiyisisekelo esisekelwe emkhayeni kanye nezinye izikhalo ezisekelwe emsebenzini.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukuhlolwa komphakathi kusebenzisa ukuhlolwa kokubheka phambili. I-lithi elidlule lezinzuzo licatshangelwa kodwa alimvumeli umuntu ocela isicelo ukuba afaneleke uma engasaludingi usizo futhi eye yabonisa ukuthi uyakwazi ukuzisiza.

Amasu Okugwema Ukuzikhathaza Ngokomphakathi

Kubantu abavela kwamanye amazwe abasebenzisa imvelo noma abangase bafaneleke esikhathini esizayo, izinyathelo eziphuthumayo zinganciphisa ingozi yokuthi ukusetshenziswa komphakathi kuyozuzisa.

Ukuzimela Kwezezimali Kwedokhumende

Gcina umbhalo ocacile wemisebenzi, amafaksi entela, iziphakamiso ezikhokhayo, nezitatimende zebhange. Bonisa ukuthi awuncikile ezinhlelweni zezenhlalakahle. Ngisho noma ubusebenzisa i-SNAP noma i-Medicaid phakathi nenkathi yeTrump lapho kucatshangelwa lezo zinzuzo, lezo zinhlelo azisachazwa emphakathini. Nokho, kuhlakaniphile ukugcina imibhalo yokuthi ukusetshenziswa kwayo kwakungokwesikhashana futhi kudingekile.

Sebenzisa Izinzuzo Ngokuhlakanipha

Izinzuzo zomphakathi njenge-SNAP, i-Medicaid, kanye nezikhombi zezindlu ziphephile ukuba zisetshenziswe ngaphansi kwemithetho yamanje yezinjongo zokuvuma nokuzilungisa. Kodwa izinhlelo ezingokwemvelo zihilela ukuziphatha okuhle, okubanzi. Uma unazo noma yiziphi izinto ezikhathazayo, thinta ummeli othuthayo ngaphambi kokuhlukana nezinzuzo. Ukuthatha i-panclic transmitted kungalimaza impilo yakho nokuzinza ngokwezimali ngaphandle kokusiza isimo sakho sokufuduka.

Gcina Imibiko Yezinqolobane Zokusekela

Uma unomxhasi, gcina amakhophi azo zonke ifomu I-864 nobufakazi bemali yomxhasi. Uma iholo lomxhasi lehla, noma uma uthola izinzuzo ngenxa yokwehluleka komxhasi ukusekela, bhala lezozimo futhi ufune iseluleko esingokomthetho.

Funa Isiqondiso Esingokomthetho Kusenesikhathi

Icala ngalinye lokufuduka lihlukile. Ukuhlaziywa komphakathi ngokusetshenziswa kwemvelo akuqondile njengezicelo zamakhadi aluhlaza. ummeli onokuhlangenwe nakho kokufuduka angahlola umlando wakho ozuzisayo, ahlole izingozi, futhi axwayise ukuthi kufanele ulinde yini ngaphambi kokubhala noma uqhubeke nobufakazi obusekelayo.

Izicelo Zemiphakathi Nezothisha Abafudukayo

Umthetho womphakathi okhomba icala unamandla adlulela ngalé kwezicelo zomuntu ngamunye. Othisha bomphakathi, abeluleki basekolishi, abafundisi bemfundo yabadala, kanye nabakhangisi bezemfundo abangezuzisi ngokuvamile basebenza nabafuduki abangaqiniseki ngokusebenzisa izinzuzo zomphakathi. Ukungaqondi kahle kungaholela emikhayeni engayitholi usizo lokudla noma ukukhokhelwa kwempilo ngenxa yokwesaba, okulimaza impilo yomphakathi nokuzinza kwezomnotho.

Abafundisi kufanele baqonde umthetho wamanje ukuze banikeze isiqondiso esinembile.

  • Izinzuzo ezingezona ezenkampane njengeSNAP, WIC, neMedicaid azenzeli umuntu iso lomphakathi ngaphansi kokubusa kweBiden.
  • Ukusebenzisa lezinzuzo ngeke kuthinte ukusetshenziswa kwendlela engokwemvelo, ngaphandle kokuba kunezinye izici ezinjengokukhwabanisa noma ukwephulwa komsekeli wokusekela.
  • Kuphephile ngesakhamuzi sase - United States ukuthola izinzuzo, ngisho noma abazali baso bengahlali emahlombe.
  • Noma ubani onokukhathazeka okuqondile kufanele athintane nommeli kunokuba athembele emahemuhemu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, othisha bangasiza ngokukhomba abafuduki emithonjeni ethembekile. Omunye umthombo omuhle kakhulu yi- U-USCIS Iqiniso Lomphakathi Ikhasi eliyi-, elifingqa inkambiso yamanje. Enye i- i-Immigation Law Center yesizwe ukukhomba kwe-odol stance kwiphepha, elinikeza iziphakamiso nokuzivivinya.

Ukuhlala Nginolwazi Nokufuna Iseluleko Esingokomthetho

Isimiso sokuhlanganisa simelwe ukushintshwa ngesinqumo ngasinye esisha noma senkantolo. Umthetho womphakathi ubulokhu uyibhola likanobhutshuzwayo lezombangazwe amashumi eminyaka, futhi cishe uyoqhubeka ushintsha. Kunoma ubani ohlela ukusungula imvelo, kuwukuhlakanipha ukuqaphela izimemezelo ezivela e-USCIS nokuthinta ummeli wamazwe ngaphambi kokwenza izinqumo ezingathinta ukufezeka.

Ifemu yomthetho enedumela elihle nomkhuba wokufuduka onikezelwe inganikeza isiqondiso somuntu siqu. Ama-Firm anjenge- Law Firm ne Fragomen[ inyathelisa izimemezelo ezivamile ezinikezwa umphakathi ezimangalelayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, [[FLT:]] i-I-ISC esemthethweni Center[ inikeza amathuluzi asebenzayo abasekeli nabafuduki.

Isiphetho

Umthetho womphakathi uhlala uyindawo eyinkimbinkimbi nesebenza ngokulandelana kwemithetho yokufuduka. Nakuba ithonya lawo eliqondile ekusebenzeni kwemvelo liphansi kunemisebenzi etshalwayo eluhlaza, usengathinta ukuhlola okuhle kokuziphatha futhi ubangele izithiyo kubantu abacela usizo oluthile. Ngokuqonda isimiso samanje, ukugcina imibhalo ephelele, nokufuna iseluleko somthetho esingokomthetho, abafuduki bangaqondisa inqubo yokuzisebenzela ngethemba. Abafundisi kanye nabasekeli bomphakathi bafeza indima ebalulekile ekususeni izinganekwane nokuqinisekisa ukuthi imikhaya ayideli usizo olubalulekile ngenxa yokwesaba okungafanele.

Njengoba izinqubo ziqhubeka zishintsha, ulwazi lunika abafuduki amandla okuvikela indlela yabo yokuba isakhamuzi.