Ukuqonda Umehluko Phakathi Kwezicelo Nokuzilibazisa

Emiphakathini yentando yeningi, izakhamuzi zinamathuluzi anamandla okuhlela izimiso ezibusa ukuphila kwazo. Phakathi kweziqashelwa kakhulu zalamathuluzi yizicelo nokunxusa. Nakuba zombili zibalulekile ekuthembiseni umphakathi, zisebenza ngezimiso ezihlukene kakhulu, zidinga amazinga ahlukene engcebo, futhi zisebenzisa ithonya elihlukile. Lesiqondiso esibanzi sihlola izinhlobonhlobo zenqubo ngayinye, kusukela ekudalweni kwazo okungokomlando kuya ekuziphendukeni kwazo kwanamuhla, sinikeza uhlelo olucacile lokuqonda indlela ezisebenza ngayo emvelweni eyinkimbinkimbi yezimiso zomphakathi. Ukuqonda umehluko phakathi kwalezizindlela ezimbili kunika amandla abasekeli, abashisekeli, nabashisekeli besizwe ukuba bakhethe indlela efanele yokufeza imigomo yabo.

Ithuluzi Lokuhlanganisa Izwi

Phakathi nendawo, isicelo sisemthethweni, sisicelo esibhaliwe esiqondiswe egunyeni elithile, njengenhlangano kahulumeni, inhlangano yokuqondisa, noma inhlangano yomuntu siqu. Asitholanga amandla ayo emandleni angokomthetho kodwa esilinganisweni samanani. Uma izinkulungwane zezakhamuzi zifaka amagama azo encwadini ethile, sibonisa izinga lokukhathalela okuhlangene okungenakulahlwa kalula. Ngokomlando, ilungelo lokunxusa uhulumeni liyitshe lesisekelo lamalungelo entando yeningi, elibekwe eSingenisweni Sokuqala se-U.S. Umthetho-Constitution nohlelo olufanayo emhlabeni wonke. Ukusebenza kwamakhulu eminyaka adlule; iMagna Carta ihlanganisa isilinganiso esingu-12 secala esiqinisekisa ilungelo lensimbi lokunxusa inkosi, izikhalo ezisebeni zempini ezisempilweni zempini zaseMelika kwakudukisa izikhalo ezidumile.

Kulenkathi yanamuhla, izicelo ziye zaguqulwa kakhulu ngokwezinombolo. Izicelo ezifana ne- Transformation. org namazibuko kahulumeni asemthethweni, njenge-UK]K izicelo zePhalamende lezicelo[[[, zivumele ukuqoqa ukusekela okusheshayo ezindaweni ezinkulu zendawo. Ukunxusa kwezibalo kungahlanganisa izigidi zezisayino ngezinsuku, kuphoqeqelele impikiswano ezindaweni zomphakathi. Lo mgoqo wokungena unamandla aphawulekayo; cishe noma ubani ohlangene ne-intanethi kungaqala noma ukusekela isicelo. Nokho, kungakhuthaza ukugxeka. Ukufakwa kwesicelo kophawu kungaholela ku "ultism, lapho abantu ngabanye beye banomuzwa khona igalelo, ngaphandle kokusayinwa, ngokuzenza bathathe iqhaza.

Izinhlobo zezicelo ziyahlukahluka kakhulu. isicelo esicelayo sicela isicelo esithile ephalamendeni noma engqungqutheleni ukuze kwakhiwe noma kuphele umthetho. isikhala sesicelo [[[FLT:] siqala inkantolo eqhubeka noma icela inkantolo ukuba ithathe isinyathelo esithile. [[FLT:] [[4] ihlasela isicelo ihlasela ibhizinisi, ifuna izinguquko emikhubeni noma ezimithethweni. Ubunzima obungokomthetho besicelo buxhomeke egunyeni. Ezimweni eziningi, isicelo asibopheleli uhulumeni ukuba wenze isenzo. Kunalokho, i-akhankambiso yezombangazwe ingadingeka ukuba ivume ukudluliswa kwecala elithile, njengoba kungenziwa ngemvume yezekelele, futhi i-UFT.[5] [ev] Amandla amakhulu ombuso womphakathi we-odvisiontion: [e, ukuvuma okusemthethweni, futhi umbiko wamandla amandla akhona]

Ithonya Eliqondile Liyini?

Uma isicelo siyisicelo, ukunxusa kuyisimiso sesu. Ukuxhumana ngenhloso nesikhulu somphakathi kuhlanganisa ukuxhumana ngokuqondile, ngenhloso ukuthonya isinqumo sabo esenzeni umthetho othile noma isimiso. Ngokungafani nesicelo esibanzi, esiveza umphakathi, ukunxusa ngokuvamile kuqhutshwa ngemihlangano ehloselwe, iposi, nelungiselelo lolwazi olunzulu. Igama ngokwalo lisuka ekusebenziseni abaphathi abalindile emagumbini omthetho ukuze bakhulume namalungu ephalamende noma amagumbi omthetho.

Umsebenzi wokufuna ukufinyelelwa uwumkhakha oyinkimbinkimbi nolawulwa kakhulu. E-United States, i- ichaza futhi idinga ukubhaliswa kwabantu abachitha isikhathi sabo esiningi nemali enxusa izikhulu zikahulumeni. Lolu hlelo lwezomthetho luklanyelwe ukulungiselela ukuveza ukukhanya, ukwembula osebenzisa isimiso. Imithetho efanayo ikhona e-Europe Union, eCanada, nase-Australia, phakathi kwezinye izizwe. I-Lobbing ivikelekile ngaphansi kweSichibiyelo Sokuqala esivikela, esichazwa ngokuthi "ilungelo lokunxusa kuhulumeni ngenxa yezikhalo," ehlanganisa nokusekela okulungile ukusekela izithakazelo.

Kuyinkolelo eyisidina yokuthi ukuthonya kumane nje kuyindawo yezinhlangano ezicebile. Nakuba ukuthonya kwezinhlangano kubusa ukusetshenziswa kwemali, izinhlangano eziningi zihlanganyela ekufuneni izingcingo, kuhlanganise nezinyunyana zezisebenzi, amaqembu angenanzuzo (njengase-ACLU noma i-Sierra Club), izinkampani zezohwebo, ngisho nohulumeni bendawo. Abaxhasi benza imisebenzi enzima ehlukahlukene: banikeza ulwazi olukhethekile olungase luntuleke abahleli abamatasa, bafaka umthetho, banikeza iseluleko sezombangazwe, futhi bakha ubuhlobo obude nabakhi bezimiso zemithetho.

Amajantshi aqondile.

Ukubopha akuyona i-monlith. Kuvame ukuba nezigaba ezimbili ezibanzi. Ukuxoxisana kuhilela ukuxhumana ngokuqondile nesikhulu sikahulumeni noma izisebenzi zazo ukuthonya umthetho othile. Lokhu kuhlanganisa imihlangano, izingcingo, nobufakazi ekomitini. Ukuxoxisana [noma ukunxusa okungaqondile] kuhilela ukuzama ukuthonya umbono womphakathi ukuba ucindezele izikhulu zikahulumeni. Ngokungafani nomthetho omkhulu, izintambo zocingo zingakhuthaza izakhamuzi ukuba zibhale izincwadi, zenze izingcingo, noma zisayine izicelo kubamele abameleli bazo. Lokhu kwenza izicelo zibe uhlobo oluthile lwe-soundationationoatroult, zingaba icebo elikhulu. Ngokungafani nezinhlangano ezigunyaza utshani, ngokuvamile zingakhuthaza izinhlangano ezihlelwayo ukuba zibhalwe ngokusemthethweni futhi zingagunyazwe yizinhlangano ezingokomthetho ezingokomthetho ezingokomthetho ezingokomthetho. Lokhu kwenza kube yizinculo ezingokomthetho ezingokomthetho ezingokomthetho ezisemthethweni ezisemthethweni ezingokomthetho ezisemthethweni.

Umehluko Oyinhloko Phakathi Kwezimfuno Nokuzilibazisa

Nakuba zombili lezi zindlela zokusebenzisa i-odoccoration, izicelo nokunyezela kukhulu kakhulu endleleni ezisebenza ngayo, izindleko, ubukhulu, nendawo ezungezile elawulayo. Ukuqonda lokhu kuhlukanisa kubaluleke kakhulu nganoma yiliphi isu lokusebenzisa ubuciko. Imikhankaso ephumelelayo ivame ukusebenzisa womabili amathuluzi, kodwa ifeza izinjongo ezihlukene.

Indlela Yokusebenza: Ukubonisa Umphakathi ngokuphikisana.

Isicelo siyincwadi eqinile. Amandla ayo ahlala ngokuphelele ohlwini lwamagama anamathele kuso. Sisho isisho esisodwa: "Thina, esisayindayo, ukusekela noma ukuphikisa u-X." Isenzo sokusayina siyindlela eyinhloko yokuhlanganyela. Ukuthatha ipesenti, ngokwehlukile, yinqubo enamandla, eqhubekayo. Ihilela ukwakha ubuhlobo obuqhubekayo, ukushintshanisa ulwazi olucacisweyo, nokudingida amagama akhethekile emithetho. Umbheki akaceli nje u-"yebo" noma "no"; bachaza imiphumela yangempela yezwe yomthetho, ukuveza intengo, futhi banikeza ukudayisa. Lemvelo ifuna amakhono ahlukene, kuhlanganise nokwazi ukuhlanganisa ulwazi olujulileyo kanye nokwazi ukusekela ulwazi lwezombangazwe.

Izindleko Nokutholakala: IBarrier vs. High Resource

Lokhu mhlawumbe kuwumehluko obaluleke kakhulu. Ukuqala isicelo se-inthanethi sikhululekile. Amathekhi emishini anikeza izakhiwo zezemisebenzi, futhi i-website esebenza njengendlela yokusakaza. Lokhu kuhlelwa kwesimiso sentando yeningi kusho ukuthi izindleko ezinkulu zibangelwa yi-productives, amaqembu amancane, angagculisa imbulunga yonke. Imali yokungena ingaba yizindleko ezinkulu. Inkokhelo enkulu ikhona ngokuphathelene nokulingana kwezombangazwe. Nakuba isakhamuzi sikwazi ukungenela (ihamba ngemali ekhokhwanywa yi-omfekishe kodwa ingekho lutho oluyikhokhwama), isekela izinga lenhlangano yesizwe ehleli ehleli phambili.

Isimo Sethonya: I - raad v. Ekujuleni

Izicelo zinethonya kuwo wonke ububanzi. Amandla azo alingana nesixuku abasimelelayo. Isicelo esinezignesha ezingu-100 000 siphawula ingxenye ephawulekayo yabavoti. Abezombangazwe bazishaya indiva izimpawu ezinjalo ngengozi yabo siqu. Umbheki-mkhakhane uthonya ngokujula. Angamane amelele ikhasi elilodwa kuphela, kodwa anikeze ubuchwepheshe obujulile, ukusekela okungokwezimali (ngeminikelo yomkhankaso), kanye nezinhlelo ezicatshaziwe. Umbheki wesigebengu onamandla angathonya ivoti yesigebengu ngokuzikhombisa isixuku, kodwa ngokusinikeza ipesenti eliphelele elifushayo, iphepha elifinyele, noma indlela ecacile ukuze aphinde akhishwe. Enye indlela ibonisa ubukhulu bemikhankambiso, enye iveza ukujula kwenkulumo.

Ukubukeka Okuphakeme Nokubona Kahle

Izimvume azilawulwa ngokwejwayelekile. Noma ubani angadala enye, futhi ngaphandle kwemithetho emelene nokukhwabanisa (ukusayina), kunemingcele embalwa engokomthetho. Inqubo ingumphakathi wangempela; uhlu lwezimemezelo luvame ukubonakala. Ukubopha, ngokuphambene, kukhona phakathi kwezimiso eziminyene eziklanyelwe ukuvimbela ukonakala nethonya elingafanele. Ku-US, i-Lobbing Disciation Act idinga imibiko yemali, izindleko, kanye nezikweleti ezithile. I-Hofecrence and Goverst Act iyaqhubeka iqinisa lemithetho. Naphezu kwale mithetho, ithonya lemali kwezombangazwe lihlala liyimpikiswano eshubile. "Umnyango owedwayo" phakathi kwenkonzo kahulumeni nezindawo zokunxusa izicelo zezenzuzo.

Ubuhlobo Bomzwana: Ukuhlanganisa Izikhalo Nenjabulo

Kulelo zwe langempela lokubusa kwezombangazwe, izicelo nokunxusa akunazo izivumelwano. Kunalokho, zivumelana kakhulu. Iqembu le-savvy eliyi-advocation lizosebenzisa kokubili ukwenza "ingaphandle lohlangothi" lendlela enamandla. Icebo "inside" ukunxusa: ukuhlangana nabashicileli bemithetho, izikweletu, nokuxoxa. "ebusweni" icebo lokunxusa (imikhankaso yangaphandle engaphandle kwe-metho nempi): ukwakha ukucindezela komphakathi okunikeza i-patting ephakathi kweqembu.

Cabangela umkhankaso wokuhlanganisa umshado e-United States. Izinhlangano ezinjenge-Human Rights Campaign yasebenza ngaphakathi kwezishaya-mthetho zesizwe neziKhomishane, ihlangana nezazi zezombangazwe eziyinhloko, ukumisa umthetho, nokuvumelana. Ngokungatshazwa, imikhankaso emikhulu yokuhlanganisa nokufaka izicelo kuwebhuqu kuyi-internet ibonise ukusekela okukhulu komphakathi ngenxa yembangela. Ummisi wemithetho owayemadolonzima ekuqaleni angase azimisele ukusekela isikhwama ngemva kokuba umngenisi wesivumelwano esayinwe ngu 50 000 ezithombe zabo. Isicelo sinikeza i-"icebo lokuhlanganisa izintambo, kuyilapho umngenisi we-injini yezomthetho enikeza icebo lokwenza umsebenzi. Ngaphandle kwesicelo, umkhandi womnyango angase abonakale ekhululekile. Ngaphandle kokuba umngenisi wesicelo, izingozi ezilaywelwe ngaphandle kwe-creast.

Ukucabangela Nokugxeka Okunengqondo

Yomibili le mikhuba igxekwa ngendlela esemthethweni. Izicelo zivame ukugxekwa ngokukhuthaza "ukungakhathaleli". Ukuchofoza kalula inkinobho kungadala umuzwa wokufeza okungamanga, kunganciphisa isisusa sokuhlanganyela kwezinye izindlela ezinzima zomphakathi, njengokunikela, ukunikela, noma ukuphatha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izicelo zingasetshenziswa kalula, futhi ithonya lazo linzima. Ukunxusa nezigidi zezisayithi kungashaywa indiva uma indaba ingeyona into yokuqala engokwezombangazwe kubenzi besinqumo.

Ukuzilibazisa kuthwala imithwalo enzima kakhulu yezimiso. Okukhathaza kakhulu ukukwazi ukuphatha izinqubo, lapho imithetho nezimiso kuhlotshaniswa khona ukuze kufeze izithakazelo ezikhethekile zomphakathi jikelele. Imali eningi esetshenziswa ekufuneni izimfihlo ivame ukubonakala njengendlela yokukhohlakala okusemthethweni. "umnyango owenziwe ngokusemthethweni" phakathi kwenkonzo yomphakathi nokukhuthaza ngasese kudala izingxabano zesithakazelo, njengoba izikhulu zangaphambili zisebenzisa izisekelo zazo kanye nolwazi ngaphakathi ukuze zizuzise amakhasime. [[FLT:] [O.0] CD's asebenza ekufuneni umthetho osemthethweni [ iqokomisa inseleleko yomhlaba wonke yokulinganisela ukufakwa kwelungelo ekuhleleni inqubo yokuvikela ukugcinwa kwesinqumo.

Ukusingatha Ukugxekwa Okuvamile Kwezimemo

Ukuze izicelo ziphumelele, izicelo kumelwe zibe yingxenye yecebo elikhulu. Zinamandla kakhulu lapho zihloselwe, ziqondile, futhi zisekelwa ngosongo oluthembekile noma ithuba lomenzi wesinqumo. Isicelo esinxusa umkhandlu wedolobha ukuba uvote indlela ethile siphumelela kakhulu uma sinikezwa amanxusa amelela inhlangano yendawo enamalungu abalulekile. Isignesha siyisiqalo, hhayi umgomo ophethe.

Ukukhuluma Nokugxeka Okuvamile Kokweqa umlomo

Imizamo yokuguqula ukunxenxa igxile ekuboneni obala nasekuziphenduleleni. Imithetho eqinile yokuveza, isikhathi eside "izikhathi zokususa" kubaphathi bangaphambili, futhi imingcele yeminikelo neminikelo yomkhankaso kuyizihlongozo ezivamile. Ukuqaphela ukubaluleka kobuchwepheshe ngaphandle kokubuvumela ukuba bufinyele isithakazelo somphakathi kuyinselele eyinhloko. Izinhlangano zesifunda ezisekela ithonya elingafanele njenge i-Opensets [ iproject] isebenza ekulandeleni ukugeleza kwemali nokwazisa umphakathi, zinikeza inselele yokuhlola okubucayi ethonyeni elingafanele.

Isiphetho: Ukukhetha Ithuluzi Elifanele Lomsebenzi

Ukuqonda umehluko phakathi kwezicelo nokunxusa kubalulekile kunoma ubani ofuna ukuthonya isimiso somphakathi. Ukunxusa kuyithuluzi elinamandla lokubonisa umuzwa womphakathi obanzi, ukuphaphamisa, nokuhlanganisa isisekelo esikhulu sokusekela. Kuyafinyelelwa, kwentando yeningi, futhi kuyashesha ukuqamba. Ukuqamba kuyithuluzi lokuthonya okuningiliziwe, ukwakha ubuhlobo, nomsebenzi wobuchwepheshe wokulungisa umthetho. Kuyithuluzi elikwazi ukuveza imvume, elihlelekile, futhi ngokuvamile eliwujuqu ezingeni zokugcina zokwakheka kwenqubo. Alikho ithuluzi elihle noma elibi. Inani labo lixhomeke ngokuphelele endleleni abasetshenziswa ngayo. I-democraficism yilabo abakhuthaza izinga elikhulu lempucuko yokunxusa nakuba belondoloza izinga lokukhanya nokulunga enqubeni. Ngoba, abasekeli abaphumelelayo abaphumele ekukhetheni elinye inqubo yokuzihambela, kodwa futhi basebenzisa enye indlela lapho besebenzisa ikhonsa.