Umphakathi ungenye yezinsika ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuphila kwentando yeningi, wakha izicubu ezixhumanisayo phakathi kwezakhamuzi, umbuso, nemakethe. Yinkundla abantu abazihlanganisa ngokuzithandela ukuze baphishekele izithakazelo ezifanayo, babonise izindinganiso, futhi basekele inguquko. Ukusuka ekuxhumaneni nomphakathi wendawo kuya ekulweni kwembulunga yonke, ukuhlelwa kwemifelandawo, ukuhlelwa kwezingxoxo zomphakathi, ukubekwa kwemithetho yesizwe, ukubekwa kwemithetho yesizwe, nokuthuthukisa imikhuba yokuthembisana kwezakhamuzi. Ukuqonda ukuthi ukungathathi inzuzo nezenzo akuyona nje inqubo yemfundo yemfundo kuphela engokwemfundo, kodwa kuyisihluthulelo sokuqinisa izisekelo zeze, ukusabela, nokuhlanganisa umphakathi.

Ukuchaza Umphakathi Wangaphakathi: Ihlelo Lesithathu

Ngokwesiko, umphakathi uyisici sokuphila okuhleliwe komphakathi okuzisebenzelayo, okuzisebenzelayo, futhi okungahlangani kakhulu nakho kokubili uhulumeni kanye nesigaba somuntu siqu. Izikhulu zezombangazwe njengoAntonio Gramsci noJürgen Habermas ziye zayichaza njengendawo lapho kwakhiwe khona umbono womphakathi, lapho izimiso zezentengiselwano zingabekelwa inselele, nalapho ukubusa ngentando yeningi kusungulwa khona.

  • Izinhlangano zenzuzo — izinhlangano ezibhaliwe ezisiza umphakathi noma bonke ngaphandle kwesisusa senzuzo.
  • [ Amaqembu asekelwe ku-community [ — ukuhlangana ngokwethukela noma okuhleliwe okusekelwe ezindaweni ezisenkabeni, emiphakathini yokholo, noma engokomdabu.
  • [ Izinhlangano — imikhankaso ebanzi, evame ukuhleleka yenguquko yezenhlalo, yezombangazwe, noma yendawo ezungezile.
  • [ Izinhlangano ezinxusayo [ — amaqembu afuna ukuthonya isimiso somphakathi nomthetho.
  • Izinyunyana ezihlangene kanye nama-accolor — izinhlangano ezimelela izithakazelo zezisebenzi noma ochwepheshe.
  • Izisekelo zoFilipiki — inikeza izinhlangano ezenza izimali zokuxhasa amanye abadlali bomphakathi.

Laba bafeli basebenza kuyo yonke imikhakha yezimiso(-science, impilo, amalungelo abantu, indawo ezungezile, impucuko, nobulungisa bezomnotho. Umsebenzi wabo uyisisekelo sokubusa kwentando yeningi ngoba unciphisa amazwi abekwe ngokwedemokrasi, uhlola ukuthambekela kwempoqo, futhi unikeza izinkonzo okungekhona kuhulumeni noma emakethe yokunikeza ngokwaneleyo. Ukucaciswa okujulile, iZizwe ezihlangene zichaza umphakathi wezakhamuzi [[] njengesisebenzi esibalulekile ekufinyeleleni izinjongo zempumelelo.

Indima Ehlukahlukene Yokungazuzi Emzabalazweni Wangaphakathi

Izinhlangano ezingatholi nzuzo − ngokuvamile zibizwa ngokuthi izinhlangano (NGOs) noma izinhlangano ezinikela ngesihlengo (______iwumgogodla womphakathi womphakathi. Zifeza imisebenzi ehlukile kuzo zombili izinhlangano zikahulumeni namabhizinisi enzuzo. Iminikelo yazo iwela ezindaweni eziningana ezihlangene:

Ukubeletha Kwenkonzo Eqondile

Izinzuzo ezingekho zigcwalisa izikhala ezibucayi eziseminyangweni yomphakathi, ikakhulukazi kubantu abasengozini nabangakholeki. Amabhange okudla, izindawo zokuhlala ezingenamakhaya, imithola-khaya yezempilo, izinkonzo zokusiza ezingokomthetho, nangemva kwezinhlelo zesikole zithembele kakhulu ezinjwayezini ezingazinzuzo. Emazweni amaningi, lezinhlangano zingena lapho ilungiselelo likahulumeni linganele noma lingahambi. Ngokwesibonelo, izinhlangano ezinjenge- i-American Red Cross [[ inikeza usizo lwenhlekelele nosizo lwezimo eziphuthumayo oluhambisana nokusabela kwezeluleko.

Ukusetshenziswa Kwesimiso Sokulawula Nokushintsha Kwesimiso

Ngaphandle kokuhanjiswa kwenkonzo, izinzuzo zihlanganyela ekucwaningeni, emfundweni yomphakathi, nasekufuneni ukusingatha izimbangela eziyinhloko zezinkinga zomphakathi. Baqhuba ukuhlaziya isimiso, umthetho ohlela izinhlelo, bahlele izibopho zomphakathi, futhi bathumele ukucindezela komphakathi ezikhundleni ezikhethiwe. Inzuzo engekho semthethweni njenge World Wildlife Fund isebenza ukuze ishintshe imikhuba yenkampani nezimiso zikahulumeni, kuyilapho izinhlangano zamalungelo abantu ziveza ukuxhaphaza nokuphoqelela ukulandisa ngokomthetho. Lo msebenzi wokusiza izikhulu zesikhashana zishintshele ekuguquleni inguquko yesikhashana yesakhiwo.

3. Ukwakha Izakhiwo Zomphakathi Nezomsebenzi Wobudoda

Imisebenzi ephumelelayo ayisebenzi nje emiphakathini; iyazinika amandla. Ngokuhlela, ukuthuthukisa ukuhola, nemfundo yomphakathi, zisiza abantu ukuba baqaphele izinselele ezahlukene futhi bathuthukise izixazululo ezihlangene. Izinhlangano zokuthuthukisa umphakathi, izinyunyana ezihlangene, kanye nezinhlangano zokusizana yizibonelo zesakhiwo esingakhiqizi inzuzo eqinisa ukubusa kwentando yeningi yendawo. Aspen Community Programmes [ inikeza imithombo yendlela engakhangi inzuzo engakhuthaza ngayo ukuhola kotshani nokuhlanganisa izinkinga.

4. Ukucwaninga, Ukuthola Inguquko, Nemfundo Yomphakathi

Inzuzo iveza futhi isakaze ulwazi oluthinta umbono womphakathi futhi luzise izinqubo. Izehlo, izikhungo zokucwaninga ezizimele, nezinhlangano zokucwaninga, zikhipha imibiko, ziqhube imikhankaso yokuqapha, futhi zinikeze ubufakazi obungochwepheshe. Zivame ukuba ezokuqala ukuphawula izimpikiswano ezivelayo − ezisuka ekuthatheni ubandlululo olusekelwe kumthetho wemithetho ukuze ziholele ubuthi emanzini okuphuzwayo − futhi ziveze izixazulu zobufakazi. Ngokufundisa umphakathi nabenzi besinqumo ngokufanayo, zinezela ekutholeni idemokhrasi enolwazi nengalawuleki.

Inhloko - dolobha Yempucuko Nezenhlalo

Inzuzo futhi ithuthukisa izinto ezingakholeki ezenza imiphakathi ikwazi ukumelana nezimo. Izenza izindawo zokuxhumana phakathi kwabantu, ukuveza ubuciko, nokuxoxa phakathi. Iminyuziyamu, imidlalo yaseshashalazini, amaqedljini, nezinhlangano ezisekelwe ekukholweni zonke zingamalungu engxenyeni engazuzi nzuzo. Lezizinhlangano ziqinisa isisekelo somphakathi, zakha ukuthembana phakathi kwabantu abangabazi, futhi zihlakulela izindinganiso ezihlanganyelwayo ezisekela ukuphila kobudemokhrasi.

Isenzo Sokwenza Imisebenzi: Inqubo Yokushintsha Kwezenhlalo

Uma inzuzo engekho inikeza izakhiwo zomphakathi womphakathi, ukuthatha isinyathelo kufaka amandla awo, ukuphuthuma, namandla okuziphatha. I-Activism ibhekisela ekuthatheleni ngenhloso, iqoqo elihloselwe ukubekela inselele ubuhlobo obunamandla obukhona bezenhlalo, intuthuko yezombangazwe, noma indawo ezungezile. Ayigcini nje eqhingani elilodwa; kunalokho, iyisici esinamandla sokuvukela, ukuthonya, nokucindezela.

Izinhlobo Zokuthatha Izenzo

  • imibhikisho nemiboniso ye-Public — imibuthano emikhulu eyenza ibonakale futhi iphazamise ibhizinisi. Unyaka ka-1963 eWashington neka-2017 Women's March ifaka lesisiko.
  • Ukungalaleli nokuthatha isinyathelo esiqondile — ukwenqaba ngobudlova ukulalela imithetho engalungile, njengoba kwenziwa nguGandhi, i-Civil Rights Movement yase-U.S., kanye nabashisekeli besimo sezulu abavimbela izakhiwo zamandla kaphethiloli.
  • Grassroots uhlela umphakathi [ — ukungqongqoza umnyango, imihlangano yendlu, nemikhankaso yomakhelwane eyakha amandla asuka phansi.
  • Izenzo zobudina nezokuxhumana zezenhlalo — ukusebenzisa amapulatifomu anjenge-Twitter, TikTok, ne-Istagram ukuthuthukisa ukuqaphela, ukuqoqa, nokuhlanganisa izenzo. I-#MeToo ne-Black Lives Matter iyizibonelo ezibonisa indlela amathuluzi emishini akhuphukisa ngayo amazwi.
  • [ Ukulawula nokufaka umnyango wemithetho — ukuhlangana nabenzi bezimiso, ukunikeza izicelo, nokufakaza ekuqulweni kwezindlebe ukuthonya imithetho nohlelo lokuhlela.
  • Isenzo sobuChonsiumer — amacott, "izinto ezikhahliswayo," kanye nezinqumo ezilawula amandla ezomnotho okuguqula ukuziphatha kwenkampani.

Amandla Omlando Nawosuku Oludlule Omthetho

I-activaism iye yalawula cishe zonke izinguquko ezinkulu eziqhubekayo emlandweni wanamuhla: ukuqedwa kobugqila, ukuncishiswa kwemisebenzi, amalungelo ezisebenzi, ukuncishiswa kwemishado, ukulingana, nokuthatha isinyathelo esingokwesimo sezulu. Izenzo zonyaka zibhekene namathuba amasha kanye nemijikelezo emikhulu. Amathuluzi amanani avumela izinhlangano ukuba zilinganise futhi zidlule imingcele ngokushesha, kodwa futhi adalule izishoshoshozelo zokuhlola, ukuhlukanisa, ukucubungula. Nokho amandla ayisisekelo ahlala engashintshi: lapho abantu abavamile behlela ndawonye, bangaguqula imiqondo yenkampani, futhi baphoqeqelele ohulumeni ukuba benze isenzo. i-CGenee Councilve yamanani eMithandazwelonke [FOFOLT] [FLT]]]

Ubuhlobo Obungavumelani Phakathi Kwenzuzo Nezenzo Ezingazuzisi

Inzuzo engakhi kanye nezenzo zobuProfethi ngokuvamile kuvezwa njengezimbulunga ezihlukene − ezase ziwumsebenzi wenhlangano nochwepheshe, ezamuva ezizenzakalelayo neziphazamisayo.

Indlela Izenzo Ezingazuzisi Ezisekela Ngayo Umthetho

Inzuzo inikeza isisekelo esisekela ukuthatha inzuzo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi: indawo yehhovisi, iseluleko somthetho, umsebenzi wokucwaninga, izinhlelo zokuqoqa izinhlelo, namapulatifomu okuxhumana. Banganikeza ukuqeqeshwa ekuhleleni, amasu angenabudlova, nezindlela zokuxhumana. Imisebenzi emikhulu yokuziphilisa engaveli inzuzo enjenge-Amnesty International and Greenpeace iqhube imikhankaso ehlanganisa ngokuqondile ukungenela kwempi, ukubhikisha, ukubhikisha, izahluko zokuzithandela. Ngaphandle kwezentengiselwano, izinhlangano eziningi zomdlandlazo zingazama ukusinda ngalé komzuzu wokwehlalwa kwentukuthelo.

Indlela Ukuzitika Okunenzuzo Ngayo

Ngokuphambene, i-activism iqhubekisela phambili izinto ezingazuzisi ukuba zibe nesibindi futhi zibonelele kakhulu. Ukucindezela komdlandla kungaphoqelela izinhlangano ukuba zithathe izinhloso eziqhubekayo noma ukwenza izinqumo ezingcono. Izinhlangano ezinjenge Occuppy Wall Street kanye nokugadla kwesimo sezulu sembulunga yonke kwamuva kuye kwabekela inselele imvelo enkulu nentuthuko i-NGOGS ukuhlolwa kwamacebo azo kanye nobudlelwane nezinhlangano ezinikela ngenkampani. I-Activivoism ifaka futhi izinhlangano ngezisebenzi zokuzithandela ezintsha, imibono emisha, nomuzwa wokuphuthuma ukuthi izinqubo ze-bureaucracy zingavity ngezinye izikhathi zingavingcuma.

Ukuhlola Izenzakalo Ngokucinana Okuphumelelayo

  • I-active comment — I-Sunrise Movement, iqembu labashisekeli bentsha, liye labambisana nenzuzo engokwendawo emisiwe enjenge-Sierra Club ne-Natural Resocial Defense Council ukuphoqelela i-Green New Deal e-United States. I-Actiffits inikeza ukubonakala nokuphuthuma kokuziphatha; inzuzo engekho inikeza ubuchwepheshe bezekwabela nemisebenzi yezenkolo.
  • I-racial ecty — i-NAACP, esukela emuva ku-1909, iye yahlanganisa isikhathi eside ukuhlelwa komthetho, ukuhlelwa komphakathi, nesenzo esiqondile. Umsebenzi wayo uhambelana nezinhlelo ezintsha zomshisekeli njenge-Black Live Confect, idala umzabalazo wezizukulwane eziningi osebenza ezinkantolo, emigwaqweni, nasemiphakathini yezindaba.
  • Ukutholakala kwempilo yembulunga yonke — Izinhlangano ezinjengodokotela Ongena Borders ne-Access Campaigne zisebenzisane nezinhlangano ezilwayo ukucindezela izinkampani ezithaka imithi nohulumeni ukuba banciphise amanani ezidakamizwa kanye nemvume yokulahla izivumelwano phakathi nezibhakela.

Izinselele Ezibhekene Nomphakathi Wangaphakathi Namuhla

Naphezu kobungqabavu bawo, umphakathi ubhekene nezingcindezi ezinzima ezisongela ukuzibusa kwawo, ukuphumelela nokusekelwa.

Ukuxhasa Ukungalingani Kwemithombo

Inkokhelo engakhi isebenza ekuhleleni imali yezicathulo. Umncintiswano wokunikeza imali elinganiselwe unamandla, futhi izinhlangano eziningi kumelwe ziphishekele ukuxhasa umsebenzi wesikhashana kunokutshala imali engxenyeni ethatha isikhathi eside. /iziseko, izinhlangano, noma abantu) zibeka imingcele elawula izinto eziza kuqala ekuhlelekeni kwezinto ngezindlela ezingase zingahambisani nezidingo zomphakathi. Amaqembu ama-microot amancane, ikakhulukazi lawo aholwa abantu abanombala, ahlelwa ngokulandelana kwezinhlangano ezinkulu, ezimhlophe.

2. Ukunciphisa Izindawo Zokuhlala Nengcindezi Yezombangazwe

Emazweni amaningi, ohulumeni baye bamisa imithetho evimbela ukubhaliswa, ukuxhaswa kwezimali, nemisebenzi yezinhlangano zomphakathi. Abalwayo babhekene nokuqashelwa, ukuhlukunyezwa, ukuboshwa, nobudlova. Isici se "indawo yomphakathi egcwele umhlaba wonke": Inkululeko ibika ukwehla okungaguquguquki kwamalungelo ezombangazwe nenkululeko yomphakathi phakathi namashumi amabili eminyaka adlule. Ngisho nasembusweni wentando yeningi omisiwe, imithetho entsha "yobuphekulandi" noma "inxusa lezizwe" isetshenziselwa ukuqeda amaqembu esizwe.

3. Ukwethenjwa Umphakathi Nokungaqondi

Izinhlangano zomphakathi zithembele ekuthembekeni komphakathi ukuze ziqoqe izisebenzi zokuzithandela, izimali, nesimiso sokuthonya. Kodwa imikhankaso yokudukiswa kwezindaba zezombangazwe ivame ukukhuliswa ngabadlali − ingaqeda lokho kuthemba. Ukumangalelwa kwenkohlakalo, ithonya langaphandle, noma ukulawulwa kwezikhali kusetshenziselwa ukululaza abashisekeli bezentengiselwano kanye nenzuzo efanayo. Ukuhlukaniswa kwezesayensi yezinto eziphilayo kwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuba izinhlangano zifinyelele izibukeli eziqondile ngokwaziswa okunembile.

4. Ukutubeka Nokulondolozwa Kwezenzo Zokulwisana Nezitho Zomthetho

Ukuzitika, ikakhulukazi lapho ubhekene nokuphikiswa okunamandla, kuyakhandla ngokomzwelo nangokomzimba. Ababheki bemali basebenza njalo ngaphandle kokukhokha, ngaphandle kokusongelwa, nokubhekana nosizi olulandelayo. Amazinga okutubeka kakhulu aholela ekuphendukeni nasekulahlekelweni inkumbulo engokomthetho. Abangazuzisi banganciphisa lokhu ngokufaka imali ekusekeleni impilo, ekukhokheleni imbuyiselo engakhethi, kodwa ukulinganiselwa kwezimali kwenza lemali ibe nzima ukusungula.

5. Ukubusa Nokumelela Kwangaphakathi

Inzuzo ayigonyelwa amandla abawafunayo ekubekeni inselele. Amabhodi abaqondisi ngokuvamile antula ukuhlukahluka; ukwenza izinqumo kungaphakama; futhi imiphakathi ekhonzwayo ingaba neqhaza ekuhleleni izinhlelo. Uma izinhlangano zomphakathi wezakhamuzi zihluleka ukusebenzisa idemokrati yangaphakathi, zilulaza ukufaneleka kwazo. Inani elandayo lezinhlangano lifuna ukuba abantu abangazuzi lutho ngathi ngaphandle kwethu, ziqinisekise ukuthi abantu abathintekile banemisebenzi yobuholi.

Imikhuba Exubile Nekusasa Lomphakathi Wangaphakathi

Njengoba ubuchwepheshe, inani labantu, nezinselele zembulunga yonke kushintsha, namasu nezakhiwo zenzuzo nezenzo ezingeyona inzuzo.

1. Ukushintsha Izinombolo Nokushintsha Kwezitho Zomzimba

Amathuluzi emishini e-inombolo (kusukela kuma-apps abhalwe ngokufingqiwe ukuya kuma-schein-slectring jning qha abangela izimo ezintsha zokuhlela ezingalawuliwe kakhulu futhi ezisheshayo. Ukukhula kwezinhlangano ezizimeleyo (DAOs) kanye namapulatifomu agcweleyo anjenge GoFoundMe kuvumela abashisekeli ukuba baphakamise imithombo ngaphandle kokuhlola okungasekelwe ekufuneni inzuzo. Nokho, lo shintsho luveza izinselele: ukwenziwa kwe-algorinth-dictionism, ukuvingcweba kwe-plat, nokwehlukana kwamanani okungahlangani okungahlangani okungatholiwe kakhulu.

Ukuhlangana nokuhamba kwesiphambano

Izinhlangano zomphakathi ziyaqaphela ukuthi izimpikiswano ziyahlangana. Abashisekeli besimo sokusebenza bahlanganisa ukulwa kwabo nobulungisa bobuhlanga, ukungalingani kwezomnotho, nobukhosi bomdabu. Izinhlangano ezingazuzisi zihlanganisa amaqembu asebenza ngezinhlangano zezisebenzi, izinhlangano zezempilo ezibambisana nabasekeli bezindlu. Lokhu kuhlangana kwakha izisekelo zokusekela nokubonisa ukuyinkimbinkimbi kwezinkinga ezifuna ukuzixazulula.

3. Izimonyo Ezishintshayo Nezinhlobonhlobo Zokusekela Imali

Ukunciphisa ukuncika ekunikezeni inzuzo engokwesiko, inzuzo ihlola imithombo emisha yenzuzo: amabhizinisi omphakathi, athole iholo ngenkokhelo yemiklamo yenkokhelo, izinhlelo zobulungu, neminikelo yokufihla izimali. Imali yokwakha, izimali ezidilivaniwe, nokunika inzuzo yokungathathi hlangothi ithola inzuzo. [McKsey Social Confectionor active pration active [ ikhiphe iziphendulo zendlela yemali engadingeniswayo ekwazi ngayo ukuguqula izisekelo zabo lapho kugcinwa ukuthembeka.

4. Gxila Ekulinganiseni Nasekuqondweni

Kukhona isidingo esandayo emphakathini ukuba kukhulunywe ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, ukulingana, nokufakwa. Izinhlangano zicabangela umlando wazo wokuzihlukanisa, zihlola ukuthi obani abahlala emabhodini, abathola izimali, nabanamaphimbo amise okwemali. Ukuthemba inzuzo esekelwe ekusekeleni imali engahleleki, ukuncishiswa kwemithwalo yokubika, nokufunda kontanga okukodwa kwalolu shintsho. Izinhlangano ziholwa yiBlack, I - I - Noncerienties, nabantu abanombala (BIPOC) babuyisela izinto eziza kuqala futhi bafunela ingcebo egeleza ezindaweni ezingaphambili.

5. Ukubambisana Kwembulunga Yonke Ngezinselele Zezizwe Ezihlukahlukene

Izindaba ezifana nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, izibhadane, ukugwema intela, nokuqasha imingcele yezizwe ngemishini. Umphakathi womphakathi usabela ngokwakha izinhlangano zembulunga yonke ezingahlanganisa izifundazwe. I-International Civil Society Centre, i-CIVICUS, kanye ne-Open Government Privial Parceptionshineship ziyizibonelo zamapulatifomu avumela ukufunda imingcele ephakathi nenhlanganisela. Ikusasa lomphakathi womphakathi lizoba ngokwanda kwezizwe ngezizwe, njengoba nje lisalokhu limile emiphakathini yendawo.

Isiphetho: Ukuqinisa Ikhoba Lombuso Wentando Yeningi

Umphakathi womphakathi, kanye nezindawo zawo ezicebile ezingazuzisi nabashisekeli benzuzo, awusona isakhiwo sokunethezeka noma esicatshangelwa ngemva kwe-"yiso kanye isisekelo izakhamuzi ezisebenzisa ngaso isikhungo, ukufuna ukulandisa, nokucabanga ngelinye ikusasa. Izindima zelungiselelo lenkonzo, ubukhazikhazi, isakhiwo somphakathi, kanye nokuziveza kwamasiko kuyahlangana; uma esinye isici sintengantenga, sonke isimiso siyantengantenga. Njengoba sibhekana nezinselele zembulunga yonke − kusukela ekuweni kwesimiso sobushiqela ukuya ekuweni kwendawo ezungezile, [1] Impilo yomphakathi wezakhamuzi inquma amandla ethu okusabela ngobuciko, ubulungisa, nokuzinzisa.

Ukusekela umphakathi kusho okungaphezu kokubhala isheke. Kusho ukuvikela indawo engokomthetho yokuhlangana nokubhikisha, ukulalela amazwi alula, nokuhlanganyela ngenkuthalo ezinhlanganweni nasezinhlanganweni ezilawula izwe lethu. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ngokuzinikela, ngokunikela, ngokuveza umbuthano, noma ngokumane nje sihlale sinolwazi, ngamunye wethu unendima yokuqinisekisa ukuthi umphakathi womphakathi uhlala uqinile, uqinile, futhi unamandla. Ikusasa lentando yeningi lixhomeke kulokhu.