Ukuqonda indlela yokuqinisa inkululeko yakho yomphakathi kungaphezu kokuzivivinya okucatshangelwayo, kuyikhono elisebenzayo elivikela inkululeko yakho ekuxhumaneni kwangempela nezwe. Inkululeko yomphakathi ingamalungelo ayisisekelo nenkululeko ebekwe eMthethweni we-U.S. futhi ichazwa izinkantolo, ivikela abantu kuhulumeni ukuba bacuphe futhi baqinisekise ukuzibusa komuntu siqu. Ukusuka ekuvinjweni amaphoyisa ukuba adlulisele imibono ezokuxhumana, ukwazi ukuthi nini futhi kanjani elungelweni lakho kungavimbela ukuphatha nokulondoloza isithunzi esingekho emthethweni. Lesihloko sinikeza isiqondiso esisebenzayo sokuveza inkululeko yakho yomphakathi ezimweni ezivamile zansuku zonke, sikhuthaza izimiso zomthetho nemikhuba emihle.

Iyini Inkululeko Yangaphakathi?

Inkululeko yomphakathi ivikelekile eqenjini lomthetho ekuphazanyisweni uhulumeni. Ihlukile kumalungelo omphakathi, aqinisekisa ukuphathwa ngendlela efanayo ngaphansi komthetho kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zinezici ezivikelwe. ISigqi seshumi lokuqala se-Gawulayo (iSiphendu se-U.S.) ilungisa imingcele yezenkululeko yaseMelika yenkululeko yomphakathi, kuhlanganise nenkululeko yokukhuluma, inkolo, ukunyathelisa, ukunxusa, ukuphatha izikhali, ukuvikela ilungelo lokuphatha izikhali, ukuphehlwa okungacabangeli, namalungelo ekwahluleleni kobugebengu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, iSiphendumiso seshumi nane sandisa izivikelo eziningi kuhulumeni bendawo ngenqubo yokuhlanganisa i-Princito. Ukuqonda ukuthi lamalungelo asebenza phakathi nokusebenza komthetho, izikhulu zikahulumeni, nasemoyeni ezindaweni eziningi lapho kunezinyathelo zokuqala ezikhona.

Ukukhululeka Komphakathi Wonke Umuntu Okufanele Akwazi

Nakuba inkululeko yomphakathi ibanzi, amalungelo amaningana abalulekile abalulekile ekuphileni kwansuku zonke.

  • [[NT.0] Inkululeko yokukhuluma: Isichibiyeli sokuqala sivikela ilungelo lakho lokuveza imibono ngaphandle kokucusumbulwa uhulumeni. Lokhu kuhlanganisa inkulumo engokomfanekiso, inkulumo yezombangazwe, ngisho nemibono engathandeki. Okuhlukile kukhona (ukuhloniphiswa ebudloveni, ukuhlanjalazwa, nokuhlanjalazwa kwenhlazo ayivikelwanga) kodwa okungathandeki kuyisivikelo esikhulu.
  • [ Inkululeko ye-Press kanye noMhlangano: Ilungelo lokuqoqa ukwaziswa nokuhlangana ngokuthula ukuze kuvuke imibhikisho, imibuthano, noma imihlangano. Uhulumeni angabeka isikhathi, indawo, nemingcele kodwa angakwazi ukuvimbela imihlangano esekelwe ekujuleni.
  • Ilungelo lokufihla imfihlo: [Nakuba ingashiwonga ngokucacile kuMthetho-sisekelo, iNkantolo Ephakeme iye yaqaphela ilungelo lokufihla imfihlo ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise nokukhetha ukuzala, umshado, kanye nobuhlobo obuseduze. ISichibiyelo sesine sivikela ekufuneni nokuquleka okungacabangeli, sidala ukuvikela okuyinhloko kobuso ekuxhumaneni nomthetho.
  • Ilunga eMhlelweni ofanele: Izichibiyelo zesihlanu nezeshumi nane ziqinisekisa izinqumo ezilungile ngaphambi kokuba uhulumeni akuphuce ukuphila, inkululeko, noma impahla. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ilungelo lokuqaphela, ukuzwa, kanye nomenzi wesinqumo ongakhethi ezinqubweni zomthetho.
  • [[NTL:0] Esokudla Ukuhlala Uthule: Isichibiyeli sesihlanu sivikela ekuzichaseni. Awunakuphoqelelwa ukuba ube ufakazi ngokumelene nawe, futhi ukugcinwa komthetho kumelwe kukutshele ngalelilungelo phakathi nokuphenywa kwemvume (izixwayiso zeMira).
  • [ Ilunga elulekweni: Isichibiyeli sesithupha siqinisekisa usizo lommeli ekumangalelweni kobugebengu. Uma ungenakho ukuthenga eyodwa, umbuso kumelwe unikeze umlweli womphakathi icala elingathi sína.
  • Esokudlani lokuthwala izindonga:[ ISichibiyelo Sesibili sivikela ilungelo lomuntu lokuba nezibhamu zakhela izibhamu, ezilawulwa yizimiso ezinengqondo. Izinga lalelilungelo liyaqhubeka lisuka ezinqumweni zenkantolo.

Izimo Zansuku Zonke Nendlela Yokuqinisekisa Amalungelo Akho

Ngezansi kunezenzakalo ezithile umuntu angase abhekane nazo, kanye nezinyathelo ezicacile zokuqinisa inkululeko yakho yomphakathi ngokuqiniseka nangokusemthethweni.

Ukuhlangana Nomthetho Ophoqelelwayo

Ukuhlangana kwamaphoyisa kuphakathi kwezimo eziphakeme kakhulu lapho ukwazi izindaba zamalungelo akho. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umiswe emgwaqweni, emotweni, noma ekhaya lakho, isenzo esizolile nesingamabomu singakuvikela.

  • [ Buza uma ukhululekile ukuhamba. Ekuhlanganeni okungamele ukuba uvale, uvame ukuba nelungelo lokuhamba. Uma isikhulu sithi yebo, hamba ngomoya ophansi. Uma ungephumi, uyaboshiwe.
  • Ungathuli. Akufunekanga ukuba uphendule imibuzo ngaphandle kokunikeza izimpawu ezisezimisweni ezithile zomgwaqo noma uma zimiswa ngokomthetho. Ngenhlonipho uthi, “Ngiyalisebenzisa ilungelo lami lokuthula. Ngingathanda ukukhuluma nommeli.” Ungaqambi amanga ngokomthetho, kodwa ukuqamba amanga kungaba ubugebengu.
  • Ungavumi ukuphenya. Uma iphoyisa licela ukukusesha, imoto yakho, noma ikhaya lakho, ungakwenqaba ngamazwi: “Angivumi ukusesha.” Uma besesha, bangaphikisi ngokomzimba. Qaphela ukuthi izikhulu zingasesha ngaphandle kwemvume ngaphansi kwento ethile ehlukile (umzk., bangela, umbono ocacile, isenzakalo sokufuna ukuboshwa).
  • Ucela ummeli. Uma uboshwa, ubiza ilungelo lakho kummeli ngokushesha. Uma ucela, ukubuza kumelwe kuphele kuze kube yilapho ummeli wakho ekhona.
  • Iqophe ukuhlangana. Ezifundazweni eziningi, unelungelo lokuthwebula amaphoyisa emphakathini uma nje ungaphazamisi imisebenzi yawo. Sebenzisa ikhamera yakho yocingo ukuze ubhale ukuxhumana.

Ukuze uthole isiqondiso esengeziwe, ACLU’s Yazi ikhasi lamalungelo akho[ inikeza ukwaziswa okucacile kwezwe.

Izindaba Nezindaba Eziyimfihlo Ezingokwasemshadweni

Isimiso sakho sokusebenzisa i - Internet sivikelwe yiSichibiyelo Sokuqala nemithetho elawula izinto ngasese, kodwa izinkampani zesikhulumi zizimele.

  • [ Yazi ukuthi izigqebhezana zakho ziyinkulumo. Uhulumeni ngeke acubungule imibono yakho yezombangazwe noma yomuntu siqu kwezezokuxhumana, kodwa ipulatifomu ingamisa imithetho yayo. Ngokwesibonelo, uTwitter noma uFacebook angasusa inkulumo yenzondo ephula izimiso zabo.
  • Lungisani izilungiselelo zobuso becala ngokucophelela. Sebenzisa imishini yesikhulumi ukuze ulinganisele ukuthi ubani obona izigqebhezana zakho, kodwa qonda ukuthi uma uhlanganyela okuqukethwe, uhluleka ukulawula ukusakaza okwengeziwe. Ungafaki noma yini ongeke uyifune emphakathini.
  • Yazi ukugcinwa kwamandla emithetho. Izinhlangano zikaHulumeni zingacela ukwaziswa kwakho emapulatifomu ngezindawo ezingaphansi noma imvume. Ulindele isilinganiso esilinganiselwe semfihlo ezikhungweni ozihlanganyela nomphakathi, kodwa imiyalezo yangasese idinga isiqinisekiso. Uma ithintwa yizisebenzi zomthetho ngokuphathelene nomsebenzi wezokuxhumana, awubophekile ukukhuluma. Buza ummeli ngaphambi kokuphendula imibuzo.
  • Ukubhala nokuxhumana okulondekile. Sebenzisa i-ops-eye-ekupheleni okufihliwe (umzk., isibonakaliso, Izingxoxo zomuntu siqu ekunqanyulweni. Nakuba kungesona isiphazamiso, ukufinyeza kwenza kube nzima kakhulu kumalungu amathathu ukufinyelela ekuqukethe.

Izingxoxo Zomphakathi Nemihlangano

ISichibiyelo Sokuqala sivikela ilungelo lakho lokuhlangana ngokuthula nokubhikisha.

  • Qonda izimfuneko zemvume yendawo. Izindawo eziningi zidinga imvume yemibuthano emikhulu evala imigwaqo noma esebenzisa umsindo okhulisiwe. Imibuthano emincane, ezenzekelayo emapaki omphakathi ingase ingadingi imvume, kodwa kuwukuhlakanipha ukuqinisekisa imithetho yendawo.
  • [[INTLOK:0] Hlala nesixuku esingokomthetho. Uma ukubhikisha kuhlala kunokuthula futhi kuvumelekile, uyavikelwa. Uma abanye abahlanganyelayo baba nobudlova noma bebhubhisa, amaphoyisa angayala wonke umuntu ukuba ahlakazeke. Uma uhlala, uzifaka engozini yokuboshwa ngenxa yokungalaleli uhlelo olungokomthetho.
  • Yazi amalungelo akho uma uboshwa. Uma uboshwa, unelungelo lokuthula nommeli. Nikeza igama lakho nokwaziswa okubhaliwe uma kufunwa umthetho, kodwa ungaphenduli eminye imibuzo. Xhumana nenhlangano engokomthetho enjenge-National Lawyers Guild.
  • Amaphoyisa asebenza ngekhasi. Ukuxhumana okubhaliwe nezinombolo zamabheji, izinombolo zemoto, kanye nanoma ikuphi ukusetshenziswa kwegunya. Lobu bufakazi bungagxeka izinselele zamuva ezingokomthetho.

Izinqumo zokwelapha

Iziguli zinamalungelo abalulekile ngokuphathelene nemvume kanye nezindaba zomuntu siqu. IHealth Inshuwarensial Portability and Acconompebility Act (HIPAA) ivikela amarekhodi ezokwelapha, kodwa imithetho kahulumeni ingase inikeze isivikelo esengeziwe.

  • Imvume emisiwe. Phambi kwanoma iyiphi inqubo noma indlela yokwelapha, unelungelo lokutshelwa ngezingozi, izinzuzo, kanye nezinye izindlela. Ungasayini ifomu lemvume ngaphandle kokubuza imibuzo uma ungaqiniseki.
  • Ukungabhali kwamarekhodi ezokwelapha. Ulwazi lwakho lwezempilo alunakuhlanganyelwa ngaphandle kwemvume yakho ebhaliwe, ngaphandle kwendlela yokwelapha, ukukhokha, nokusebenza kwempilo. Uma usola ukwephulwa, faka isikhalo eHhovisi lamaLungelo e-Ofisi yomphakathi e-U.S.
  • Esokudla ukwenqaba ukwelashwa. Abantu abadala abathembekile bangakwenqaba noma yikuphi ukungenela kwezokwelapha, ngisho noma kusindisa ukuphila. Lelilungelo lisekelwe ekuzilawuleni komzimba nasesimisweni semvume yolwazi. Uma isibhedlela sizama ukukuqeda ukwenqaba kwakho, ungadinga ummeli wesiguli noma ummeli.
  • [ Iziqondiso zobudala. Yenza intando noma amandla okunakekela impilo yommeli ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izifiso zakho ziyalandelwa uma ungakwazi ukuxoxa ngazo.

Amalungelo Omsebenzi

Abaqashi abazimele banokuqondisisa okubanzi kodwa balinganiselwe imithetho evikela izisebenzi ekucwaseni, ekuphindiseleni, nasekuphazanyisweni okuthile okuyimfihlo.

  • Inkululeko yokukhuluma emsebenzini ilinganiselwe. ISichibiyelo Sokuqala ngokuvamile asisebenzi kubaqashi abangebodwa. Nokho, iNational Labor Relations Act ivikela ilungelo lakho lokuhlanganyela “emsebenzini ohlangeneyo” nezisebenzi ezisebenza nazo ukuthuthukisa izimo zokusebenza (umzk., ukuxoxa ngeholo noma ukuhlela inyunyana). Imithetho ye-pareter ingavikela futhi ukubika umsebenzi ongekho emthethweni.
  • Privtacy emsebenzini. Abaqashi bangahlola i-imeyili nokusetshenziswa kwecomputer uma benenkambiso futhi ungenathemba elifanele lemfihlo. Imishini yomuntu siqu nezingxoxo zomuntu siqu emagunjini okugqekeza zingaba nesivikelo esithile. Ungaphathi ibhizinisi lakho siqu elizwelayo emishinini yenkampani.
  • Ukuvikelwa ekucwaseni. nemithetho kazwelonke yenqabela ubandlululo olusekelwe ohlwini lohlanga, ibala, inkolo, ubulili (kuhlanganise ukukhulelwa, indlela yobulili, nokuzichaza kwabobulili), umsuka wesizwe, ubudala (40+), nokukhubazeka. Uma ubhekene nokucwaswa, ubhale izenzakalo bese ufaka icala nge-Exctive Obbessivetion Commission.

Ukusebenzelana Nezikhulu Nezinduna

Izindlu zivikelwe yiwo womabili amalungelo omthetho - sisekelo nawomthetho, ikakhulukazi ekuphenyeni okungenangqondo nasekuphathweni kobandlululo.

  • Amalungelo ezindaba zomuntu siqu ekhaya lakho. AmaLandloude angengeni engosini yakho yokuqashisa ngaphandle kwesaziso esifanelekile (ngokuvamile amahora angu 24-48 kuxhomeke emthethweni kahulumeni) ngaphandle kwezimo eziphuthumayo. Uma umnini-khaya ezama ukungena ngaphandle kwesaziso, unelungelo lokwenqaba ukungena.
  • Ukukhululeka ekucwaseni. UMthetho weFair Howards unqabela ubandlululo olusekelwe ohlwini lohlanga, ibala, imvelaphi yobuzwe, inkolo, ubulili, isikhundla sobulili, nokukhubazeka. Uma ukholelwa ukuthi uphathwa ngokungafanele, xhumana noMnyango wezakhiwo wase-U.S. we-house and Urban Development noma isikhungo esihle sezwe lakho sezindlu.
  • Inqubo elindelekile ekuxoshweni. Awukwazi ukuxoshwa ngaphandle komyalo wenkantolo. Uma umnini-ndlu ezama ukukukhiyela ngaphandle noma ukucisha izinto ezisebenza kuwo, lokho kungu- “sizo lwawe ngokwakho” olungekho emthethweni. Ungafaka icala ngenxa yomonakalo noma ufuna uhlelo lokunqanda.

Amacebiso Avamile Okunikeza Inkululeko Yakho Yangaphakathi

Kuzo zonke izimo, amasu amaningana endawo yonke angakusiza ukuba umelane namalungelo akho ngokuphumelelayo.

  • Yazi umthetho oqondile. Amalungelo ayahlukahluka ngokobuphathi. Qonda imithetho esebenza endaweni yakho(ngokwesibonelo, imvume yokuqopha izingxoxo iyahluka ngokwezwe (ingxenye eyodwa vs. imvume yonke).
  • Hlala uzolile futhi uhloniphekile. Ukulwa noma ubutha kungabhebhethekisa isimo futhi kunganika iziphathimandla izaba zokuthatha isinyathelo. Ukuqina nokucaciswa kuphumelela kakhulu kunentukuthelo.
  • Sebenzisa izinkulumo ezicacile zomlomo. sho ngokucacile injongo yakho: “Angiphenduli imibuzo,”“ Angivumi ukuphenya,” “Ngifuna ummeli.” Gwema ulimi oludidayo njengo-“Ngicabanga ukuthi angifuni.”
  • Uxwebhu lonke. Bhala phansi amagama, izinombolo zamabheji, izikhathi, izindawo, kanye nokulandelana kwezenzakalo ngokushesha ngemva kokuhlangana. Uma uqopha ividiyo, yibeke phezulu ezindaweni eziningi.
  • Funa usizo olungokomthetho ngokushesha. Uma amalungelo akho ephulwa, thintana nommeli osebenza ngenkululeko yomphakathi noma ingxenye ethile yomthetho ehilelekile. Izinhlangano ezinjenge ACLU[ zinganikeza imithombo noma amakhasethi.

Imithombo Yemfundo Eqhubekayo

Umthetho wenkululeko yomphakathi uyinkimbinkimbi futhi uhlale usebenza. Ukuze ujulise ukuqonda kwakho futhi uhlale uvuselelwe, hlola le mithombo enegunya elandelayo:

Isiphetho

Ukuqinisekisa inkululeko yakho yomphakathi akuyona impikiswano, kungokovikela inkululeko eyisisekelo esekela umphakathi wentando yeningi. Ngokwazi amalungelo akho, ukuhlala uzolile ngaphansi kokucindezela, nokusebenzisa ukukhulumisana okucacile, ungahamba ngezindlela zansuku zonke ngokuqiniseka futhi uqinisekise ukuthi uhulumeni oqaphile noma onamandla owedwa akakukhukulisi ukuzibusa kwakho. Umthetho usohlangothini lwakho uma wenza ngokuvumelana ngokomthetho nangenhlonipho. Qhubeka ukufundisa, wabelana ulwazi nabanye, futhi unganqikazi ukukhuluma uma inkululeko yakho isengozini. Uwena nomphakathi wakho ukuze umelane ubulungisa nokulingana.