Isiqalo: Indlela Ubuchwepheshe Ne - al Elulaza Ngayo Ukunqanda Umphakathi

Isimiso sokwahlulela somphakathi sekuyisikhathi eside siphawulwa ngezinqubo zephepha elinzima, izinkantolo ezingokomzimba, kanye nokulibala okuphazamisa abahlaziyi nabenzi ngokufanayo. Nokho, phakathi neminyaka eyishumi edlule, ubuchwepheshe nokuhlakanipha kokwenziwa kuye kwaqala ukushintsha indlela yokusingatha ngayo izinkantolo ngokuyisisekelo izimpikiswano zomphakathi. Izimiso zemishini ezisusa izintaba zamathuluzi ekwazi ukubikezela imiphumela yezenzakalo ngokunembe ngokuphawulekayo, lezi zimo zilandelana, izindleko, nokunwetshwa kwezindlela zokubhekana nobulungisa. Kodwa indlela yokuzisingatha ngokugcwele ingezona izithiyo izithiyo. Izemfihlo, ukucwala izimpawu zomthetho, ukucwasana, nokuhlukanisa kwemishwana kwamanani okukhona okukhona okumelwe kuqondiswe ngokulunga. Lesi sihloko sihlola izinzuzo zesayensi yanamuhla, ukuhlola izinzuzo nokuziveza izingozi zazo.

Ukushintsha Kokuphathwa Kwecala Nokuphathwa Kwenkantolo

Igagasi lokuqala nelibonakalayo kakhulu loshintsho lwezobuchwepheshe ezinkantolo zomphakathi liye laba ukushintshwa kwezinhlelo zephepha kuya kubaphathi bezezindaba zamanani. Izimiso ze-electronic tablet (e-e-filfil) manje zivumela abameli nezimboni ezizimele ukuba zithumele amabhukwana ku-inthanethi, kunciphe isidingo sokuthatha uhambo olungokoqobo lokuya egcekeni lenkantolo. Lezi zimiso ezihlangene nezinhlelo zokulawula izinhlelo zezinhlelo zokulawula izinhlelo ze-software ezithatha isikhathi, izimo zezindlebe, futhi zigcine igebemfa eliphelele. Kubaphathi benkantolo, izinzuzo zicacile: ukulungisa, ukucuthamba amaphutha, nezindleko zokugcinwa kwempahla. Ngokwasobala, ukufinyelela komphakathi, izinhlelo zezimiso zezokubhala kungazihlola isimo nezincwadi ezikude, ukunenzuzo ezindaweni zasemaphandleni noma kubantu ngabanye ngezindaba zokuhamba.

Ukuphehla Imishini Nenkonzo Yenqubo

I-e-filphi ingumthetho osetshenziswa emikhakheni eminingi. I-Platforms enjenge-PACER (I-Public Access to Court Electronic Records) e-U.S. izinkantolo zikahulumeni noma i-HMCTS Reform Programme eNgilandi naseWales iye yavula indlela. Izimiso zanamuhla zidlula ukubekwa ngokulula: ziqinisekisa amafomethi ezincwadi, zihlole ukuphelela, futhi zizitholele ngokwazo inqubo ye-electronicle ejajini, ilinganiselwe ekuvumeni amaqembu, manje ibekelwe ngemithetho yenkantolo. Lokhu kunciphisa ukulibala nezindleko ezihlobene nenkonzo yesiko enziswayo.

Izingozi Zokulawula Icala Ezingaqondakali

Izinkantolo manje zisebenzisa amabhodi axubile anikeza izibalo ezithi ahlulelwe ngezikhathi zangempela emiqulwini yamacala, izilinganiso zezezigwebo, nakumsebenzi wokwahlulela. Lamathuluzi avumela abaholi benkantolo ukuba baphawule amabhodlela, ukuhlukanisa imithombo yemali ngokuphumelelayo, nokulinganisela. Ngokwesibonelo, amanye ama-reastboards asebenzisa izithombe ezibikezelayo ukuze zicatshangelwe amacala cishe abe yinkimbinkimbi, enze ukungenela kokwahlulela kwasekuqaleni. Ukulawula kokwaziswa kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwenkantolo yonke futhi kusiza ekunciphiseni inqubo ehlasela amabhodi ezakhamuzi.

Isinqumo Esixabanayo Kuyi - Internet: Ukuletha Izinkantolo Kulo Msebenzisi

Isinqumo solwembuku lwe-oDR (ODR) sivele njengenye yezindlela zobuchwepheshe ezishintsha kakhulu ekufunyanisweni komphakathi. I-ODR inyakazisa izigaba eziningi zesinqumo sokuphikisana iphume enkantolo engokoqobo futhi ibe nendawo elondekile ekungeneni kolayini ye-intanethi. Imizamo yangaphambili ibhekiswe ekufuneni iziphakamiso ezincane nasemacaleni aphansi, kodwa ubuchwepheshe buye banda ukuze buhlanganise umthetho womkhaya, izingxabano, ngisho nokunye ukuhlanganisa. I-COVOVID-19 umqedazwe wezentengiselwano yandisa ukutholwa, njengoba inkantolo kuyo yonke indawo ifuna izindlela zokuqhubeka nemisebenzi lapho ihlonipha iziqondiso zezempilo zomphakathi.

Indlela I - oDR Esebenza Ngayo I - plat

Iziteshi ze-ODR zinikeza inqubo elandelanayo: okokuqala, iziteshi zinikezana ukwaziswa namaphepha nge-partec elondekile; ngokulandelayo, zizama ukuzwana noma ukuzwana nengxenye yesithathu engathathi hlangothi; uma kungekho sivumelwano esifinyelelwayo, iplatfomu ingakhula ibe yi-arbitation noma isinqumo esibophayo sikajaji, ngokuvamile ngengqungquthela yamavidiyo. Amapulatifomu amaningi afaka amathuluzi asekelwe kuyi-AII ukuze asize ahlole izikhundla zabo, aveza ukuthengwa kwezindawo, noma abikezela ngisho nemiphumela. Izibonelo zihlanganisa i-Modria (isetshenziswa ezindaweni eziningana ze-U.S.) ne-British Columbia Com Revolution Trime, esingatha izimpikiswano ezincane ne-combinium ngokuphelele.

Izinzuzo Nokulinganiselwa Kwe - oDR

I-ODR inciphisa isikhathi nezindleko ezihlobene nokuhamba, ukulinda, nokuvela kwenkantolo okuningi. Inciphisa izinga lokushisa okungokomzwelo ngokuvumela amaqembu ukuba axhumane ngokungenamthetho. Nokho, i-ODR ayifaneleki kuzo zonke izenzakalo. Ukuhlelwa okuyinkimbinkimbi okuhilela ukuvubukulwa okukhulu noma izindaba zokukholeka kobufakazi kungase kudinge ukuhlelwa kwezindaba ezibonisa ukukholeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwehlukana kwezibalo kusho ukuthi izinti ze-ligign ngaphandle kokungena nge-intanethi noma ukufunda i-miligic kungaba yize. Izinkantolo kumelwe zinikeze amaphuzu ahlukile, njenge-kiossk emitatsheni noma ezinkantolo, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-equity.

Ubuciko Bokwenza Ucwaningo Olungokomthetho Nokuhlolwa Kwezincwadi

Mhlawumbe ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kwe-Al ekufushaneni kwe-al ngokwesivumelwano kusekucwaningeni okungokomthetho nasebuyiseleni izincwadi. Ukucwaninga okungokwesiko okungokomthetho kudinga ukucubungula ngekhono ngomthetho wecala, imithetho, nezimiso – inqubo ethatha isikhathi ngisho nakochwepheshe abanolwazi. Amathuluzi okucwaninga asemthethweni anamandla, njenge-ROSS Intelligence noma i-Casetext’s CARA, ukusebenzisa ukulungisa ulimi lwemvelo (NLP) ukuze uqonde imibuzo futhi ubuyele imiphumela ebaluleke kakhulu ngemizuzwana. Lezi zimiso zifunda ngokuziphatha komsebenzisi futhi zingashalaliswa iziphathimandla ezingabantu abacwaninga.

I-E-Discovey ephekiwe

Kulokhu kuchazwa kwezincwadi ze-electronic, isigaba sokuthola kungaba ingxenye ebiza kakhulu nengenisa umsebenzi engxenyeni yebhokisi. Amathuluzi okuzifihla agunyazwe yi-Al asetshenziswa yi-Al asebenzise umshini ofunda ukuhlukanisa, ukubeka imibandela ephambili, nokubukeza inqwaba enkulu yezincwadi ze-electronic. Inqumbi yaziwa njengendlela yobuchwepheshe ehambisanayo (TAR), le nqubo inganciphisa izindleko zokubukeza ngo-50-80% kuyilapho ilondoloza noma ithuthukisa ukunemba. Izindlela zokuhlola zingaqeqeshelwa ukuhlukanisa imibhalo ebalulekile, izinto eziyigugu, noma izimpikiswano eziyinhloko. Izinkantolo ziye zaqaphela ukuthembeka kwe-Tar, ngemithetho yayo eminingana ehambisana nokusetshenziswa ngaphansi kwe-Federal Revivil Revil Revilustration Procture.

Inkulumo Ezenzekelayo Nokuhlaziya Izincwadi

Amathuluzi e-A angacubungula futhi izivumelwano kanye nezinye izincwadi ezingokomthetho zokuveza izinombolo zomthetho, izingozi zefulegi, kanye nokukhipha amaphuzu ayinhloko. Ngokwesibonelo, isimiso singabukeza amakhulu ezivumelwano eziqashiwe ukuze sithole amalungiselelo aphula umthetho omusha. Lelikhono alisebenzi nje kuphela ezimbonini zomthetho kodwa futhi nakwabahluleli abangase badinge ukuqonda ngokushesha izimpikiswano eziyinkimbinkimbi. Amathuluzi awenzi ukwahlulela komuntu kuthathe indawo yamaphuzu abalulekile kodwa anciphise ngokuphawulekayo isikhathi esidingekayo ekuhlaziyeni kokwandulela.

Izenzakalo Ezibikezelayo: Ukuvela Kwendaba Ebikezelwayo

Ababikezeli be-alytic basebenzisa imininingwane engokomlando nemithetho-mthetho yokufunda imishini ukuze babikezele umphumela ongase ube khona ngenxa yokumangalelwa, ukugawulwa kwemali, noma ngisho namathuba okudluliswa kwecala. Nakuba umqondo womshini obikezela isinqumo sokwahlulela ungase ubonakale ungowamaphutha, abacwaningi baye basungula izithombe ezingabikezela imiphumela ezindaweni ezinjengomthetho wezezezezimali, inkantolo yentela, kanye nezinga lokukhokha izingxabano zempahla eziqondenelisayo ezingaphezu kwamashumi ayisikhombisa% kwezinye iziphemendulo. Lamathuluzi kakade asetshenziswa izinkampani zomthetho ukululeka abathengi ngezindlela zokwethula kanye nezinqikelelo zokuhlola izingozi.

Indlela Ekwenziwa Ngayo Izibikezelo

Izifekethiso ziqeqeshelwe ama-mistry amakhulu aqukethe izici zecala – njengesimo semibono yenkantolo, amandla, ukubusa, izinqumo zangaphambi kwemithetho, kanye nemiphumela ehilelekile. I-algorithm iveza izindlela nezivumelwano ezingase zingakhanyeki kubantu abahlaziyayo. Ezinye izimiso zize zihlaziye ngisho nemibhalo yemibono yenkantolo yokuthola izici ezicatshangelwe ngokusemthethweni. Ngokwesibonelo, umlingiswa angathola ukuthi imibono equkethe amagama athile anjenge "ukwahlulela okungathí bha," ivame ukuguqulwa ngokwezilinganiso ezihlukene ze-injini.

Izinkinga Ezinengqondo Neziwusizo

Ababikezeli baphakamisa imibuzo ephawulekayo yezimiso zokuziphatha. Uma ummeli encike esibikezelweni sokuthi ikhasimende lingase lilahlekelwe, bangakhuthaza ukubuyisana ngisho nalapho icala lifanelekile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukweqisa esibikezelweni esivumayo kungaholela ekwaleni isithembiso esinengqondo. Kunengozi futhi yokukhetha: uma imininingwane yokuqeqesha ibonisa ukucwaswa kwangaphambili noma ukugcinwa okungalinganiyo, i-Alpha ingaqhubekisa lezozindlela. Ukubona kukhanya kubalulekile – amakhambi namajaji kufanele aqonde isisekelo sanoma yiliphi ithuluzi elisetshenziswa ecaleni labo. Ezinye izazi ziye zabiza "ilungelo lokuchaza" uma i-AIP ithonya imiphumela engokomthetho.

Ukulalela Izindlebe Nokuthola Ubulungisa Ekude

Ukushintshela kobhadane oluya ekuzweni okukude kuye kwabonakala kungezinye zezinguquko ezihlala njalo ekukhipheni imingcele yomphakathi. Izinhlelo ezinjenge-Flatform, Microsoft Teams, nezimiso zenkantolo ezikhethekile manje zihlanganisa izingqungquthela, ukuzwa kwezindlebe, ngisho nokuqulwa kwesondo. Nakuba ekuqaleni kugxile ezinhlangothini zobuchwepheshe nasezivivinyweni, izinkantolo ziye zathuthukisa imikhuba engcono kakhulu. Izifunda eziningi manje zinikeza amasampuligi, lapho amaqembu angakhetha khona ukuvela ngokoqobo noma kude.

Izinzuzo Zezindlebe Ezingokoqobo

Ukuqulwa kwezindaba ezikude kunciphisa izindleko zokuhamba nokulibala, ikakhulukazi amaqembu nafakazi abakude kakhulu. Bavumela futhi ukuba kuvumelane kakhulu nokuhlelwa, njengoba amajaji angabekela isikhathi isikhathi ngokushelela kakhulu. Kulezo zimemezelo ezivezwa ngevidiyo, ezingasabekanga kakhulu kunenkantolo engokomthetho. Ukuhlola kuye kwabonisa ukuthi ukuthatha isigwebo akunciphisi amazinga okuhlala noma imiphumela, kubekela inselele umbono wokuthi ukuba khona ngokoqobo kubalulekile ngenxa yobulungisa.

Izinselele Nemikhuba Emihle Kakhulu

Akuzona zonke izimemezelo eziguqulelwa kahle ngendlela eqondile. Ukulingwa okudinga ukuqashelwa kobufakazi ngokucophelela noma ukusetshenziswa kobufakazi obungokoqobo kungathinteka. Izindaba zobuchwepheshe – ukuxhumana okungekuhle kwe-inthanethi, umsindo wesizinda, noma ubunzima bokwabelana amabhukwana – zingaphazamisa izikhalo. Izinkantolo ziye zathatha imikhuba emihle njengokufuna bonke abahlanganyela ukuba bahlole imishini yabo kusengaphambili, besebenzisa amagumbi okulinda ukuze bagcine ukuhleleka, futhi bavumele amakhefu ukuze balwe "Ukukhathala." Benza ukuzwa okukude kuvumela ukuba kuvumelane nenqubo efanele, kuhlanganise nelungelo lokuxhumana okuyimfihlo, futhi kubalulekile.

Izinselele Nokucatshangelwa Okuwujuqu Kwendlela Yokutholwa Kwabantwana

Njengoba izinkantolo zamukela amathuluzi amasha, kumelwe zisebenzise izinselele eziyinkimbinkimbi zezimiso zokuziphatha, zomthetho, neziwusizo. isithembiso sokuphumelela kumelwe silinganiswe mayelana nengozi yokululaza izindinganiso eziyisisekelo zokulunga, ukuba sobala, nokufinyelela.

Ukuba Wedwa Kwemininingwane Yezokwelapha Nokulondeka

Izimiso zenkantolo ze-ODR ne-ODR zigcina inqwaba yemininingwane yomuntu siqu nengokwezimali ebucayi. Ama-backell angaba nemiphumela emibi, ehlanganisa ukwebiwa kwemininingwane, ukuthunyelwa kwezincwadi, noma ukugcinwa kwenkampani. Izinkantolo kumelwe zisebenzise izilinganiso eziqinile ze-inthaneti, kuhlanganise nokukhomba, ukulawula ukungena, nokuhlola njalo. Kumelwe futhi zivumelane nemithetho eyimfihlo enjenge-GDPR noma imithetho kahulumeni eqonde. Uma kusetshenziswa i-part - AII shamp mer, izinkantolo zidinga iziqinisekiso eziqinile zokuqinisekisa ukuthi ukwaziswa akusetshenziswa kabi noma kugcinwe isikhathi eside kunalokho okudingekile.

Imithetho Yomthetho Nobulungisa

Izimiso ze-AI zilungile kuphela njengoba ukwaziswa okufundiswa ngakho. Uma imininingwane engokomlando yenkantolo ibonisa ubandlululo lohlanga, lwezomnotho, noma lobulili, i-Al ingandisa lezo zindawo ezihlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, isifanekiso esibikezela ukuthi ukudlula kwengozi engenakulinganiswa kwemifantu emincane kungaholela ezinqumweni ezingafanele ze-paill noma imingcele yokuthenga ngesikweleti. Izinkantolo kumelwe zigcizelele ukuba khona komthetho wokubonisana, ukubheka izibalo ezivamile, nekhono le-ligigigia ukuze kubeke inselele ukutusa okungalinganiyo. Ezinye izifunda ze-"amabhodi ezimiso zezimiso zezimiso" ukuze zibukeze amathuluzi phambi kokuthunyelwa kwe-opera.

Ukuhlukana Kwezinombolo

Ukufinyelela kobuchwepheshe akusakazwa ngendlela efanayo. Abantu abahlawulwayo abaphansi, abadala, nezakhamuzi zasemaphandleni zingantula i-nternet ethembekile, imishini, noma ukufunda nge-mitayela. Uma laba bantu bephoqelelwa ukusebenzisa i-ODR noma i-e-filphir ngaphandle kokusekela okufanelekile, bangaphikwa ngokuphumelelayo ukuba bangene ekwahluleleni. Izinkantolo kumelwe zinikeze indawo yokuhlala: ama-kiosk e-video emitatsheni yomphakathi, ukubonakala kwenkantolo okusekelwe ngocingo kwalabo abangenayo i-vidiyo, neziyalezo ezilula. Ukuhluleka ukwenza kanjalo kuveza isimiso sobulungisa esinengxenye ye- - ngxenye.

Ukuhlakanipha Komuntu Kokuqondisa Nokuhlulela

Ubuchwepheshe kumele busekele, hhayi esikhundleni sendima yabahluleli abangabantu. Amathuluzi asikisela imilandu noma atusa izinqumo kumelwe ahlolwe ngokwahlulela. Kunokuvumelana okusanda kuvela ukuthi i-Al kufanele isetshenziswe njengethuluzi lokusiza, inikeza ukwaziswa nokuhlaziya lapho ishiya izinqumo zokugcina kumajaji ongacabangela izici ezingaqondakali njengokuzisola noma ukuthembeka. I-Commission's Ethical Charter on Aficial Intelligent in Justicial Systems igcizelela ukuthi izinhlelo ze-Al kumele "zihambisana namalungelo ayisisekelo, ikakhulukazi ilungelo lokuqua."

Imikhuba Yesikhathi Esizayo: Okungaphambili Kokulahlwa Kwesizwe

Ishumi leminyaka elizayo cishe lizobona ukuhlanganiswa okujule kakhulu kwe-Al nobuchwepheshe. Ukulungisa ulimi lwemvelo kuzoba ngcono, kusize ukusekela okuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kokucabanga okungokomthetho. Izinkantolo zingasebenzisa "abalamuleli" abangasiza ukuxazulula izingxoxo ngaphandle kokungenela kwabantu – nakuba lokhu kusaphikisana. Ubuchwepheshe be-tabchain bungasetshenziselwa ukuqinisekisa idokhumende ezilondekile kanye nezivumelwano ezihlakaniphile ezizenzakalelayo. Iqiniso elingokoqobo lingavumela ofakazi abakude ukuba banikeze ubufakazi obuqotho ngokwengeziwe. Ngalesosikhathi, i-American Bar Association nezinye izindikimba zifuna ukubekwa ngomthetho. I-American Bar Association kanye nezinye izindikimba zithuthukisa imithetho yesibonelo yokusetshenziswa kwe-IA ekuziphatheni okungokomthetho.

Ukufunda Okuqhubekayo Nokuvumelana Nezimo

Izinkantolo nochwepheshe bezomthetho kumelwe babophe isibopho sokuqeqeshwa okuqhubekayo. Ubuchwepheshe bushintsha ngokushesha kakhulu kunalokhu izimiso eziningi zomthetho ezingakuvumelanisa. Ukukhula kobuchwepheshe bendlu ukuze kuhlolwe amathuluzi amasha, kuqonda ukulinganiselwa kwawo, futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuthi kuyimfuneko ukuthobela imithetho. Izikole zemithetho ziqala ukuhlanganisa izifundo zobuchwepheshe obungokomthetho, kodwa izinhlelo zemfundo eziqhubekayo kumelwe zibhekane nalezi zindaba. Umgomo awukona ukuguqula abahluleli babe abahleli bezinhlelo kodwa ukuzihlomisela ulwazi oludingekayo ukuze kuqashelwe i-AIP.

Isiphetho

Ubuchwepheshe nokuhlakanipha kokwenziwa kushintsha isimo sokuqambana kwabantu. Abaphathi bezehlakalo, ukuxazululwa kwendaba, ukucwaninga nge-ia-ai, ukucwaninga okunamandla e-Al, ukubikezela i-alytics, kanye nokuzwa okungokoqobo kunikeza izinzuzo eziphawulekayo zempumelelo, izindleko, nokungena. Nokho lamathuluzi aletha izingozi zangempela: ukuphulwa kwemininingwane, ukucwasana kwemithetho, nokuthola okungalinganiyo kusongela ukuncitshiswa kanye kobulungisa abafuna ukubuthuthukisa. Indlela engaphambili idinga ukubusa, ukukhanyisa, ukuphakama, kanye nesibopho sokuqondisa abantu. Ngokusingatha lezi zinselele zekhanda-khanda, izinkantolo, ubuchwepheshe bokukhipha ngokushesha, ukwahlulela okuhle, nokufinyelela ubulungisa obungcono kakhulu kubo bonke.

Ukuze ufunde, hlola i-National Center ye-Hulumeni ye-Curts yezesayensi yezentengiselwano zenkantolo, iNkantolo yase-Eupane yesiqondiso samalungelo abantu eSiphakamiso 6 nobuchwepheshe, kanye ne-Georgown Law Center for AIIP and Digital[FLT]. Njengoba lamathuluzi eguqukayo, ukugcinwa kwanoma ubani kusekwenzweni kobulungisa.