Isingeniso: Amandla Afihlekile Omsuka Wokusunduza

Imikhankaso yezombangazwe namaqembu esithakazelo asebenzisa izinhlobonhlobo zamathuluzi ukuze alolonge umbono womphakathi, futhi ambalwa ayingozi njengenhlolo-mkhakha. Ngaphandle, asunduze imibuzo yokuhlola ifana nezinto ezivamile zokuhlola. Ucingo luyabuza, "Ingabe ungavuma ukusekela uCandite Smith uma wazi ukuthi wayemangalelwe ngokukhwabanisa? Imibuzo enjalo ayiklanyelwe ukulinganisela ukuthi u-$" iklanyelwe ukuyishintsha. Ngokungafani nokuhlolwa komphakathi okusemthethweni okufuna ukwaziswa okungadibekiwe, ibheki izicelo zamasu ngamabomu noma ukukhohlisa ukuba ilungise imibono ka-Roffat. Amasuntry angokwengqondo abekwe kulemibuzo ayinkimbinkimbi, kodwa adwebe adwebe amashumi eminyaka ecwaninga engoko, ezomnotho, ezenhlalo, nethonya lezenhlalo. Ukuqonda lezizindlela ezingokomthetho ezingokomthetho zibalulekile kunoma iziphi izinqubo zokukhetha phakathi kokhetho eziqondiswe kahle phakathi nohlelo olucacile.

Lesi sihloko sikhipha izisekelo ezingokwengqondo zemibuzo yokuhlola ephoqelelayo, ukuhlola indlela ukuphoqa, ulimi olusikiselayo, ukuthambekela kwengqondo, nezimbangela ezingokomzwelo okusebenza ngayo ndawonye ukuze kuthonye imibono. Sihlola futhi ithonya langempela lezwe, izimpikiswano zezimiso, kanye namacebiso awusizo okuqaphela ukuphoqelela ukuhlolwa lapho uhlangana nazo. Ekupheleni, uyoba nokuqonda okugcwele ukuthi kungani ukuphoqelela ukuphenya kuphumelela kangaka, futhi ungaqapha kanjani ethonyeni labo.

Ziyini Izinhlansi Zokuphoqelela?

Ukuhlola okuphoqelelwe kuyindlela yokuthumela imiyalezo ephambene yezombangazwe efihlekile njengokucwaninga. Izinkampani ezihlolayo ezingochwepheshe zihlolwa yizinkampani ezikhokhela ukuqoqa ukwaziswa okungaguquguquki ngombono womphakathi. Zilandela imithetho eqinile yenqubo: isampuli engakhethiyo, amagama okungathathi hlangothi, nokubika okucace kakhulu. Ngokungafani, ukuphenya, ngokuvamile kugunyazwa ngemikhankaso ephikisayo noma amaqembu anezithakazelo anomgomo othile wokulimaza umbhalisa noma impikiswano. Imibuzo iqukethe ulimi oluhola, izikhungo ezingaqondile, noma izikhangiso ezithathelwa imizwelo eziklanyelelwe "mpelesi" ngokungafani, ngokuhlola, ngokuvamile kubekwa phambili esiphethweni.

Igama elithi "push inhlolo-mkhakha" lathola ukunaka okukhulu phakathi nonyaka ka-1996 we-Republican purential primerial, lapho abavoti ezifundazweni eziningi becelwa ukuba bangayisekela kakhulu i-Bob Dole uma besazi ukuthi wayehileleke ezweni eliphikiswayo. Lokhu kuhlola kwamuva kwembula ukuthi izingcingo zakhishwa abaphikisi bakaDole. Amasuntswana asetshenziswa ku- 2000 South Carolina ephambili, lapho abasekeli bakaGeorge W. Bush noJohn McCain bafaka khona kulokho okwakwaziwa ngokuthi "ukufutha imfucumfucu"" lezi zingcingo zazivame ukuveza amahemusi angathandeki njengokungathi uMCline uveza umntwana omnyama othandwayo (MClieton'ske wathathwa eBangladesh) nakuba zazisungulwe amaqiniso.

Namuhla, ukuphenya okuphoqelelwe kulahlwa kabanzi yizinhlangano zokuhlola. INhlangano yaseMelika ye-Public Opinion Research (AAPOR) isho ngokucacile ukuthi ukuphoqelela ukuphenya "akukona neze ukuhlola" kanye "nezindlela eziklanyelwe ukushintsha imibono, hhayi ukuyilinganisa" noma kunjalo, ngoba isebenza ngaphandle kwezimiso ezivamile zokukhangisa, iphoqelela ukuphenya kusene futhi ngokungenakuvinjelwa okhethweni oluningi, ikakhulukazi ezingeni lendawo lapho ukuphoqelelwa kwemithetho yokukhangisa kululaza.

Ukusebenza Kwengqondo Emibuzweni Eshukumisayo

Ukuze siqonde ukuthi kungani ukuhlola kuphoqelela umsebenzi, kudingeka sihlole amasu athile angokwengqondo esiwasebenzisayo.

Imiphumela Evusa Amadlingozi

Inkolelo-mbono efiphele, eyasungulwa izazi zengqondo uDaniel Kahneman no-Amos Tversky, ibonisa ukuthi indlela umbuzo obuzwa ngayo ingakuguqula ngokuphawulekayo ukukhetha kwabantu nemibono. Ukuphenya ngokucindezela kusebenzisa kabi ukuveza izimpikiswano ngokukhanya okuphambene noma okusongelayo. Ngokwesibonelo, umbuzo ungaqala nge "unika ihlazo lokonakala kwamuva okuhilela i-Candidate Jones..." Lendlela yokuqala iveza umbono ngokucabanga ngokonakala ngisho noma ihlazo lincane noma lingenamfashini. I-fulethi iveza yonke imininingwane elandelayo ephendulayo.

Ukukhokha intela kunamandla kakhulu uma kubangela ukulahlekelwa, omunye umqondo ovela kwezezomnotho. Abantu bazizwa belahlekelwa kakhulu kunenzuzo efana naleyo. Inhlolo - vo ecindezelayo ehlohla umlando wombhalisa nge-"faced shoctives" noma "ukwehliswa kwentela" ibangela ukulahlekelwa kwemali, yenza ukuba umuntu othathe ishende alilahle lowo mlandeli. Ngokungafani, ukuhlola okungokomthetho kungabuza ngokungathathi hlangothi ngerekhodi lomfundi ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa imizwelo.

Isibonelo sangempela: phakathi nokhetho lukamongameli wase-U.S., abavoti abathola izingcingo bacelwa, "Bekungenzeka kakhulu yini ukuba uvotele uMongameli Obama uma wazi ukuthi uthathe izinkulungwane zezigidi zamaRandi ezihlelweni zezenhlalakahle ukuze asekele uhlelo lwakhe lokunakekela impilo?" Umbuzo washo ngokuqamba amanga ukuthi u-Obama wayesebenzise imali kabi ngokungemthetho. Ukukhokha izinkulungwane zezigidi zamaR2 enhlalakahleni""(*) ukuthatha izinkulungwane zezigidi zezigidi zezigidi zemali ekuntshontshontshoni nokulimala, ufaka noma ikuphi ukunemba okunganembile. Lokhu akukona ukuvota; kuyifemu ehloselwe ukutshala i-'iphatho.

2. Ulimi olungalinganiswa

Ukukhetha ulimi kuyisici esiyinhloko sokucindezela ukuhlola. Amagama anezincazelo eziveza imizwelo ethile. Ukuphoqa ngamabomu kukhetha amagama anencazelo ephambene: "ulimi," "lie," "uyingozi," "ukwehluleka,"" "ukwephula""" lamagama ashukumisa iziphethu zemithambo-luvo ezihlobene nokwesaba nentukuthelo, okwenza i-athory ibe nokwenzeka kakhulu ukwamukela ukugxeka okushiwoyo ngaphandle kokungabaza.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ulimi olusikisela inkanuko luhlanganisa lokho izazi zezilimi ezikubiza ngokuthi "ukubekwa phambili". Umbuzo ofana no-"Ukhathazekile kanjani ngamajaji ka-Candidate Brown aboshwayo?" usikisela ukuthi ubudlelwane obunjalo bukhona. Ophendulayo ucelwa ukuba akhulume ngesilinganiso sokukhathazeka kwabo, angangabazi ukuthi izibopho zikhona yini. Lokhu kuveza impikiswano okucashile kukwenza kube nzima kakhulu ngalowo ongafuni ukuvuma ukulahla lo mbono, ngoba ukwenza kanjalo kuyobafuna ukuba balungise lombuzo ngokuzikhandlayo, /-aphono qqqma ukuba bafune umsebenzi ofunwa abantu abaningi.

Elinye iqhinga liwukusetshenziswa "imibuzo ye-tag" ekhuthaza ukuvumelana. Ngokwesibonelo, "Awufuni ukujoyinana nomlando wokuziphatha okubi kwezezimali?" Ithigi "ungakha umfutho wolimi ukuze uphendule "oya," ukuqinisa ukuhlangana okuphambene. Ukuveza okuphindiwe, lezindlela zolimi zingaguqula umbono womvoti.

Ukuvinjelwa Kokungathathi - hlangothi

Ukuhlola kokucindezela kuphumelela kakhulu uma ophendulayo ekholelwa ukuthi uhlanganyela ekuhloleni okusemthethweni. Lokhu kukhohlisa kokungathathi hlangothi kunciphisa ukuzivikela kophendulayo. Uma umuntu azi ukuthi zikhangiswa, zishukumisa ukucabanga okugxekayo. Kodwa okuthiwa "ucingo" lusikisela ukuthi umane uqoqa ulwazi, hhayi ukuzama ukudayisa okuthile. Lomehluko ocatshangelwayo uyagxeka.

Ochwepheshe baqala ngokungena kwesethulo sokuhlola: "Sawubona, siqhuba ukuhlolwa kombono womphakathi ngokhetho oluzayo. Ingabe unemizuzu embalwa? Uma nje umthathi-mpendulo evuma, imibuzo ephikisayo iqala. Ngenxa yokuthi umthathi-mpendulo useyenzile kakade ukuxhumana, basengozini kakhulu ukuqhubeka besebenzisa ukuvumelana (ukuhlukahluka kwendlela yonyawo olungaphakathi ngaphakathi ehlolwa izazi zezezenhlalo. Ukukhohlisa kokungathathi hlangothi kufihla nomthombo wocingo. Ukuphenya ngokuvamile kukhokhelwa amakomiti ezombangazwe (PAC) angaziwa (paC) asebenzisa amagama akhohlisayo afana "Itnizen kaHulumente," ukwenza kube nzima ukuba olwazi ukuba aqonde ukuthi ubandlululo.

4. Ukusebenzisa Izimpawu Eziwubala

Ngaphandle kokuphoqa nokusebenzisa ulimi, cindezela ukucusha okunemiqondo eminingi ebhalwe kahle. Lezi zindlela ezimfushane ezingokwengqondo ngokuvamile ziwusizo ekwenzeni izinqumo ezisheshayo, kodwa zingaxhashazwa abadlali abanonya.

4.1 Ukuqinisekisa uBias

Ubandlululo oluqinisekisayo ukuthambekela ekufuneni, ekuchazeni, nasekukhumbuleni ukwaziswa okuqinisekisa izinkolelo ezikhona. Ukuhlola kokuphoqa ngokuvamile kusekela abavoti kakade abancike kumngane othile. Umbuzo onjengo-"Kungakukhathaza yini ukwazi ukuthi u-Candida Adams wavota ukuphakamisa izintela kuyilapho enciphisa ukuxhaswa kwemfundo?" cishe ugcwele kakhulu kubantu abanolwazi oluqinile abangawathembi amaDemocrates. Umbuzo uqinisekisa amathemba abo aphambene futhi uqinisa ukuma kwabo kwezombangazwe.

Ukusebenzisa Ikhono Lokugcina Imali

Abantu babheka izenzakalo ezisekelwe ekucabangeni okulula. Inhlolo - vo ecindezelayo ephawula isenzakalo esiphawulekayo kodwa esiyivelakancane yenza leso senzakalo sibe "sehlakalo esinengqondo" ngokwesibonelo, umbuzo mayelana "nobugebengu obunobudlova onyukayo ngaphansi kwemeya yamanje" ungase ungabi yiqiniso ngokwezibalo, kodwa ukuqanjwa nje kobugebengu kwenza umqondo ube lula. Kamuva, lapho umvoti ecabanga ngomeya, ukuhlobana nobugebengu kuyoba sobala ngokwengeziwe, ngisho noma kutshalwe ucingo olunobandlululo.

Umphumela Wesibalo Esingu - 4,3

Ukuhlola okubhuntshileyo kungadala futhi umbono weningi. Okunye ukuhlola kuhlanganisa izinkulumo ezifana "abavoti abaningi esifundeni sakho abakhathazekile ngemisebenzi ka-Candidate Lee yezezimali." Lokhu kuveza ithonya le-crandwagon: abantu bafuna ukuvumelana neningi elibhekwayo. Ubufakazi bezenhlalo obuboniswa yingcindezelo yamazwi yokusabela ekunakekeleni ukukhathazeka okufanayo, ngisho noma babengenawo umbono ngaphambili. Lokhu kunamandla ikakhulukazi emijahweni eseduze lapho abavoti befuna ukumelana khona futhi babheke kwabanye abantu abafuna ukuzwela.

4,4 Ukukhomba

Ukwenamela kwenzeka uma ucezu lokuqala lokwaziswa lubeka iphuzu lokwaziswa ukuze kuthathe izinqumo ezilandelayo. Ukuhlola okusunduzwayo kungaqinisa umbono womthathi-msekeli ngokuqala nge "kwisilinganiso esisukela ku-0 kuya ku-10, 10, ukholelwa ukuthi u-Candite Martinez ukungathembeki kangakanani? Ngisho noma impendulo ephendulekayo "0" (ethembekile ngokuphelele), isenzo nje sokucabangela ukungathembeki sishukumisa umqondo. Noma isiphi ulwazi olungathathi hlangothi kamuva ngombheki lungaqhathaniswa nalelo ankile lokungathembeki. Lokhu kucuphazamiso olucashile lungashintsha isimo sonke ngisho nalapho uphenduzwa ngokunganaki.

Ukuthonya Ngokomzwelo Ngokwesaba Naseqenjini/Ukuphuma Kweqembu

Imizwelo ivame ukudlula ekuhlolweni okunengqondo. Ukuphenya ngokucindezela kuklanyelwe ukuvusa ukwesaba, intukuthelo, noma ukunengwa − izithunzi ezinciphisa ukucabanga okungokwesayensi kanye nokwandisa ukuthembela kwemiqondo eyingozi. Imibuzo nge "izigebengu eziyingozi ezikhululiwe kwasekuqaleni" noma "izimali ezixhasa izifiki ezingekho emthethweni" ifaka ukwesaba okuyimfihlo kokuphepha nokuntula izimpahla. Lokhu kubangela ukuhoxa okungokomzwelo kuthathe ijubane, izinqubo ezisuselwa ngamabomu kakhulu ezingenza iqiniso linqande ukusho.

Kuleloqembu/kuleloqembu kuyingesinye ithuluzi elinamandla. Umbuzo ohlanganisa umphikisi "awufani nathi" noma "ngaphandle kokuthintana nama-America" ushukumisa ukuma kwesizwe. Uma abavoti benomuzwa wokuthi iqembu labo lisongelwa, bamelana nowangaphandle obhekwa njengomuntu. Lendlela iphumelela kakhulu endaweni egcwele ubuhlanga noma ehlukahlukaniswe ngokwesiko.

6. Ubufakazi Negunya Lomphakathi

Imibhalo yokuhlola yokusunduza ngezinye izikhathi inxusa igunya elingeyilo noma ukuvumelana. Umshayeli oshaye ucingo angase athi, "Abahloli abazimeleyo baye banquma ukuthi icebo likaSmith lizobiza izinkulungwane zemisebenzi. Ngokubhekisa "abahloli abazimeleyo," umbuzo uboleka ukwethenjwa ngisho noma uphendulwe. Ngokufanayo, bakhuluma inani elithile labavoti abanombono ophambene nobufakazi obungokwenhlalo. Lamacebo asebenzisa kabi isimiso segunya (sithemba) futhi avumelanisa (silandela isixuku), bobabili ababizwa nguRobert Cilidini ethonya lakhe.

Imiphumela Yokungcolisa Ngokusunduza

Uma kufakwa izinhlelo ezifanelekile, ukuphoqelelwa kungaba nemiphumela ephawulekayo yezwe. Imiphumela yakho izwakala ngamazinga amaningi: isimo sengqondo somuntu ngamunye ovotayo, imithombo yezindaba, ukuziphatha komvoti, nemiphumela yokukhetha iyonke.

Ezakhiweni

Ithonya eliqondile lisembonweni womthathi-mzabalazo. Ngisho nocingo olulodwa lokuhlola lungaguqula umbono wovoti ngamaphuzu amaningana, ikakhulukazi uma umbango uphansi-orce (umzekelo, umvoti akacabangi kakhulu ngawo). Ukuchayeka okuningi kuhlanganisa lomphumela. Emasontweni angaphambi kokuvota, umkhankaso wokuhlola ohlangene ungafinyelela amashumi ezinkulungwane zabavoti, ngamunye amukele umyalezo ohlukile owenziwe ngobuqhekelele kwinani labo. Ukucwaninga kwezombangazwe kuye kwabonisa ukuthi ukuphoqa ukupheka okungathandeki kakhulu phakathi kovoti abangakhethi. Uma umvoti ezwa ukwaziswa okungakhiwa ngabo bobabili abavoti, bangaduma futhi bahlale ekhaya, bangasondela futhi bagcine isigaba.

Esakhiweni Semithombo Yezindaba

Ukuhlola kokucindezela kungaguqula izindaba zezindaba ngandlela-thile. Izintatheli zivame ukulandelela ukuhlola umbono womphakathi ukuze zihlole ukusekela komjaho. Uma ukuhlola okuphoqelelwe kucindezela okungeyomgunyaziso, ukuhlola okungokomthetho kamuva kungabonisa ukucwiywa kokuthi imithombo yezindaba ichaza ukuthi iyiqiniso. Lokhu kudala indida enikeza impendulo: ukuthelekisa kwemithombo yezindaba okunciphayo kuqeda ukusekela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iziphakamiso eziphambene ezisetshenziswa ekucindezeleni ngezinye izikhathi ekusakazeni imibiko yezindaba. Uma ukuhlola kuphindaphindwa izikhathi eziningi, ngisho noma ngabe kusungulwe okokuqala ngokuphonsa ngekhangiso `ipower'] kungaphatha njengokuthi "abantu abakhuluma ngakho" futhi kusithebe njengomkhankaso osemthethweni.

ECandidatentier

Abahlolwa ngokuphoqelelwa bangase bazizwe bephoqelekile ukuba baphendule obala, okunikeza izinkulumo eziphambene ukunakekela okukhulu. Kwezinye izimo, lomkhankaso kumelwe uchithe isikhathi esiyigugu nemithombo elahla amanga, kunokuba ukhuthaze isigijimi sabo siqu esikhuthazayo. Lokhu kuvikela kungawuqeda umkhankaso futhi kwakhe umkhankaso "othukile uma wenza, olahliwe uma ungakwenzi" isimo: ungawanaki amacala futhi uwasakaze, noma uwakhulume.

Ezinhlanganweni Zentando Yeningi

Umphumela onqwabelanayo wokuphenya ukuthotshiswa kobuqotho be-volution. Abaholi baba abagxekayo nabangathembiyo ngakho konke ukuxhumana kwezombangazwe, kuhlanganise nokuhlolwa okusemthethweni. Lokhu kwenza kube nzima ngabacwaningi bomphakathi ukuthola ukwaziswa okunembile, njengoba amazinga empendulo encipha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kucindezela ukucupha kwenkulumo yentando yeningi ngokususa ukucunulwa okucatshangelwayo ngokusebenzisa kabi imizwelo. Uma ingxenye enkulu yemibono esekelwe emangeni atshalwe, ukhetho alusekho ukubonakalisa intando eqondiswe abantu.

Izinkinga Ezingokomthetho Nezomthetho

Ukuhlola okuwumkhankaso womthetho wezezimali kukhona endaweni ebanzi yomthetho wezezimali. E-United States, i-Federal Ecommution Commission (FEC) ayilawuli ukuphenya ngokuthi "ukucindezela ukubhalisa" ngaphandle kokuba bathi ngokucacile "ukubhalisa" noma "ukulwa" nombhalisa". Ukucindezela ukuphenywa kushiwo njengemibuzo kunokugunyaza noma ukuhlasela okuqondile, ngokuvamile kudlula izimfuneko zokuvuma. Nokho, amanye amazwe anemithetho efuna ukuba kuphawulwe into ekhokhelwayo. Ukujeziswa akuvamile ukuquliswa ngenxa yokubekwa kwemisebe.

Ngokwenyani, lomkhuba ulahlwa yizo zonke izinhlangano ezinkulu zokucwaninga. I-AAPOR’s Code of Ethics ithi abacwaningi kufanele "bangazi ukuthi baziphatha kanjani noma baxhase noma yikuphi ukuhlola okuklanyelwe ukudukisa abantu ababuzwayo noma okumelelwa njengokuhlola okungokomthetho kodwa okuwukuhlola okungokomthetho kodwa okuwubuciko bokuthonya." Ngokufanayo, i-American Marking Association inqabela ukusetshenziswa "ukuphenya ngaphansi komfanekiso wokuthengisa"". ” Naphezu kwalokho, icindezela ukuhlolelwa kwezindinganiso ngenxa yokuthi zivame ukuqhutshwa abacwaningi bezombangazwe kunabacwaningi abangochwepheshe, futhi ukukhomba okungaqondisi komphiko kwenza kube nzima ukulandisa.

Kwamanye amazwe, ukuphoqelela ukuvota akuvunyelwe ngokomthetho. Ngokwesibonelo, i-United Kingdom’s Market Research Society, ihlukanisa ngokucacile ukucwaninga kwezentengiselwano nomkhankaso wezombangazwe. I-Ecostations Act yaseCanada ivimbela ukukhishwa kwamazwi amanga aphathelene nomfundi, futhi izingcingo zokukhomba ngamabomu ezingaholela ekukhokheleni noma ekuboshweni. Nokho, ukuphoqelela ukugcinwa kwezincwadi kuyahlukahluka, futhi kucindezela ukuphenywa ngenxa yokuthi kuncishwa okungalindelekile futhi kunezisulu ezimfakelayo.

Indlela Yokuqaphela Nokumelana Nezinhlansi Ezicindezelayo

Ukuvikela izicelo eziphoqelelwayo kuqala ngokuqaphela. Nazi izinyathelo eziwusizo zokukubona nokuvikela umbono wakho:

  • Lalela ulimi oluholayo: Uma umbuzo uqukethe amagama acasulayo ngokomzwelo afana "i-"corrupt,"" "iphutha," noma "ingozi," ngokunokwenzeka iyinhlolo yokuhlola okucindezelayo. Ukuhlolwa kwemithetho kusebenzisa amagama angathathi-hlangothi njenge "aproject/dipdified" noma "imvume/uphikisa" ngaphandle kokuthwebula iziphawuli.
  • Isicelo sokuchaza: zibuze ukuthi "isenzo" esenziwe kumbuzo siyiqiniso ngempela yini. Ukuhlola kokusunduza kuvame ukuhlanganisa izinto eziqanjiwe noma ezingaphikisani. Uma uzwa impikiswano eqondile yokuthi awukaze uyizwe izindaba, qapha.
  • uveza umthombo: Ekupheleni kokuhlola okungokomthetho, umshayeli ucingo uvame ukwembula inhlangano exhasayo. Abashayeli beminxeba ngokuvamile bayenqaba ukuveza ukuthi ubani okhokhela ucingo, noma banikeza igama elifiphele, elidukisayo. Uma ucingo engakwazi ukunikeza ulwazi olucacile oluxhasayo, liyifulege elibomvu.
  • [[NT.0] Khulula ubude nephimbo: Ukuvota kweLegitimate kuyi-10-10-15 imizuzu futhi ugweme okuqukethwe okuphindaphindwayo. Ukuhlola kokusunduza kuvame ukuba kufinyezwe (imizuzu engu-3-5) kanye nesando ngesihloko esisodwa esiphambene.
  • Uneme uma uzwa ukuxhashazwa: Awunasibopho sokuqeda ukuphoqa. "Anginasithakazelo" noma umbuzo oqondile "Lokhu kuphoqelelwa" kuzakukwenza ukhululeke. Okanye, ungacela imibiko yemali yomkhankaso ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ucingo lusemthethweni.

Uma kubanzi, imfundo yokufunda nokubhala yemithombo yezindaba inganciphisa imiphumela yokuhlola okuphoqelelwe. Ukuqonda amasu angokwengqondo anjengalawo achazwe kulesi sihloko ```Izakhi'.' Uma abavoti beqaphela ukuthi umbuzo uklanyelwe ukuqondisa kunokuba balinganisele, bangakhetha ngokuqaphela ukulahla umyalezo ocacile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlangano eziqondisa iqiniso zingalandelela futhi ziqhube imikhankaso yokuhlola, zinciphise ithonya lazo ngokudalula lelisu.

Isiphetho: Ulwazi Luyisivikelo

Ukuhlola okucindezelayo kuyinto ekhathazayo yokukhetha kwanamuhla ngoba kusebenzisa kabi ukuqoqwa kwemiqondo lapho kuzenza iqoqo lokwaziswa okungathathi hlangothi. Amandla abo asuka eqinisweni lokuthi abantu abaningi abalindele ukulawulwa umbuzo olulula. Ngokuqonda amasu angokwengqondo ashukumisa imibuzo yokuhlola, imiphumela esikiselayo, ulimi olusikiselayo, ukukhohlisa kokungathathi hlangothi, ukucwasana, imizwelo, kanye nobufakazi obungokwenhlalo kungaba abathengi abanokuqonda kakhulu ekuxhumaneni kwezombangazwe.

Isivikelo esingcono kakhulu inhlanganisela yokungabaza nolwazi. Uma uzwa umbuzo ozizwa uthwele, yima. Cabangela umthombo. Qinisekisa iphuzu. Futhi khumbula: Inhlolo-ndlela esemthethweni ifuna umbono wakho oqotho; ukuhlola okuphoqelelweyo kufuna ukulalela kwakho. Ngokulola ikhono lakho lokuhlukanisa lezi ezimbili, awuvikeli nje kuphela ukwenza kwakho isinqumo kodwa futhi usiza ukulondoloza ubuqotho bokucabanga ngentando yeningi.

Ukuze ufunde ngokuqhubekayo ngokushintsha kwengqondo ekuhloleni, hlola Imithetho ye-Ethics neziqondiso ze- Prew Research Center mayelana nokuhlola [. Labo abanesithakazelo epulanini yomthetho bangabukeza iziqondiso [[[FLT:]4] ze-FEC ezisemikhankasweni yezokuxhumana [.