Imikhankaso yokukhipha icebo (GOTV) iyisisekelo sokuthembisana kwentando yeningi kwanamuhla, eklanyelwe ukuguqula ukusekela kokungenzi lutho kube nokuhlanganyela okusebenzayo ebhokisini lebhola. Kodwa naphezu kokusetshenziswa kwazo kakhulu, ithonya langempela lihlala liyindaba yempikiswano enkulu phakathi kwabaphathi bezombangazwe, abaphathi bemikhankaso, nezinhlangano zezezezenhlalakahle. Ukuphumelela kwalemikhankaso akuyona nje inqubo yemfundo yezemfundo yezemfundo; kuhlela ngokuqondile indlela izigidi zamadollar asetshenziswa ngayo, indlela izisebenzi zokuzithandela ezisetshenziswa ngayo, futhi ekugcineni, indlela imiphumela yethu emele kakhulu eyenzeka ngayo. Ngaphandle kokuhlola okuqinile, konke kulula kakhulu ukuvumelana kwemicimbiza ngephutha ngenxa ye-cawaus, noma ukuqhubeka nokusebenzisa imicebo okuncane okunemiphumela. Lesi sihloko sinikeza ukuhlaziya indlela elinganayo, ukuhlelwa kwemikhankani, ukuveza izinselele, futhi kuveza izinselele, nokuqinisa izinselele.

Ukuqonda Imizamo Yokuphuma Ngaphandle Kwezezimali

IMIkhankaso ye-GOTV ihlanganisa noma yimuphi umzamo ohleliwe wokwandisa amavoti, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwamanani athile abantu noma izinhlanga ezihloselwe ukuhlasela.

  • Ukuhambela u-Door-i ukuya ngaphakathi: Ukuhambela okungaphakathi kuhlala kungenye yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu kodwa ezingenisa inzuzo, ezivumela ingxoxo yomuntu siqu nokusabela ngokushesha emibuzweni yokuvota.
  • [ Ibhange le-Phthone: Bobabili ocingo abaphilayo nama-rodocall asebenza ngemishini asetshenziselwa ukukhumbuza abavoti ukuba bafake ama-collet, nakuba izingcingo ezisebenzayo ngokuvamile ziveza ukuthembisana okukhulu.
  • Uthunyelo lombhalo: I-sol-i-sol-i-peer platifomu yokubhala i-message isikhule ngokushesha, inikeza indlela engcono nengabizi kakhulu yokuthumela izikhumbuzo nemibuzo.
  • [ Izikhangiso ezikhangiswayo nemithombo yezokuxhumana: izikhangiso ezihloselwe kumapulatifomu njenge Facebook, Istagram, futhi i-YouTube ingafinyelela izingxenye ezithile zovota, nakuba ithonya labo ekuphumeni kwangempela liyimpikiswano.
  • Iposi elibhaliwe: iziphawuli zeposi, izinhlamvu, namapheshana asasetshenziswa kabanzi, ikakhulukazi kumavoti amadala angasabela kangcono ekunyatheliseni izinto.
  • [ izenzakalo ezihlangeneyo nokuhlelwa kobudlelwane: izinhlanganisela zomuntu siqu ngabangane, umkhaya, nomakhelwane baye babonakala bephumelela kakhulu okhethweni olunciphileyo.

Umklamo womkhankaso we-GOTV uxhomeke ezicini ezinjengohlobo lokhetho (isikhathi sangaphambi, isiphakathi, indawo), imithombo ekhona, indlela yokuhlola ngokomlando yezakhamuzi ezihloselwe, kanye nokuxhumana komthetho komvoti. Ngokuvumelana nomthetho, akuwona wonke amasu aphumelela ngendlela efanayo kuyo yonke imininingwane. Okusebenza emkhakheni wobumongameli ophezulu.

Okwenza Ukuhlolwa Kwezindaba

Iziphakamiso zokuhlola imikhankaso yeGOTV ziphakeme. Imikhankaso ivame ukusebenza ngezimali eziqinile, futhi wonke amadollar asetshenziswa emsebenzini owodwa ayichithwanga idollar. Ukuhlola ngokunamandla kuvumela abaphathi bemikhankaso ukuba baphendule imibuzo eyisisekelo:

  • Imithombo yamanani: Yimaphi amasu aveza inzuzo ephakeme kakhulu ekuvoteni ngokwenani lamavoti ngonyaka wedollar? Ngokwesibonelo, ukuzama okungahleliwe kukaGerber noGreen wathola ukuthi ukucasha ngomnyango-ngemnyango kukhuphuka cishe ngamachaphaza angamaphesenti angu-7,1 ngokwesilinganiso, kuyilapho ukubhalisa ucingo (ukushaya ngenombolo) kuveza amaphuzu angaba ngu-5. Iposi eqondile inemiphumela emincane kakhulu, ngokuvamile ngaphansi kwephuzu elilodwa.
  • Intuthuko yama-Statragic: Ukuhlola kusiza ekutholeni ukuthi yiziphi izici zendlela yokushayela. Ingabe umbhalo womnyango wokugcona uyasebenza ngenxa yomyalezo oqukethwe, ukuxhumana, noma isikhumbuzo esilula sokuvota? Ukuhlola ukushintshashintsha kungahlanganisa indlela yokusebenza.
  • Ukukhokha umbango: Izimali, izisekelo, nomphakathi kufuna ngokwandayo ubufakazi bokuthi iminikelo yabo iholela emiphumeleni ekwazi ukuvela. Ukuhlola kunikeza isisekelo sokubona nokwethembana.
  • Impilo yedemocratic Ngalé kwemikhankaso yomuntu ngamunye, ukuqonda ukuthi yini esebenzayo ukuze yandise ukuvota isiza abenzi bezimiso baklame izimiso zokuvota kangcono − njengokukhipha iposi, ukubhalisa ukuvota kwakuqala, nokukhushulwa kosuku olulodwa.

Ngaphandle kokuhlola ngokuhleleka, izisebenzi zomkhankaso zingathembela ekuhlakanipheni okuvamile noma ezindabeni zempumelelo ezingekho neze. Ngokwesibonelo, umkhankaso ophethe ikhonsathi enkulu futhi ubone isixuku sezinkulungwane singathi noma ikuphi ukwanda okulandelayo kuleyo senzakalo, kuyilapho eqinisweni umshayeli wangempela kungaba omunye umzamo okhona manje we-GOTV noma injabulo elula yeminyaka yokukhetha.

Izindlela Eziyinhloko Zokuqeda I - orgtV

Ukuze badlule ngalé kwemisebe, abahloli badinga ukucacela, ukulinganiswa kwe-millimeter. Izimpawu ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zihlanganisa:

Izinga Lokuvuleka Kwezinga

Isilinganiso esilula kakhulu siwukuvela okungadingekile eqenjini elihloselwe ukuqhathaniswa neqembu elilawulayo noma isisekelo somlando. Nokho, ukuphuma kuthintwa izici eziningi (i - metary, ukuthandwa kweqembu, izinyathelo zomkhankaso), ngakho abacusumbuli basebenzisa izindlela zokubala ukuze bahlukanise umphumela walomkhankaso.

Isilinganiso sokuxhumana kanye nokuguquka

Izinga lokuxhumana lilinganisa isilinganiso sabavoti abahloselwe umkhankaso ngempela. Izinga lokuguquka libheka ukuthi bangaki kulabo abathintwayo abaya evotini. Zombili zibalulekile ekubaleni izindleko ngevoti, isilinganiso esibucayi sokuphumelela kwemitapo.

Izindleko Ngezinga Eliningi

Ingqikithi yezindleko zomkhankaso ezihlukaniswe inani lamavoti engeziwe akhiqizwayo. Ngokwesibonelo, uma uhlelo olukhombayo lubiza u-R350 000 futhi luveza amavoti angu-80, izindleko ngevoti ngalinye zingu-R62.50. Lokhu kuvumela ukuqhathaniswa ngamacebo. uphengululo lukaGreen no Gerber (Ikhompuyutha Ephepha) inikeza intengo yezindleko ze-RCM (Indacro ye-perfix perst) yezindlela ezivamile ze-GOTV.

Ukufinyelela Nokulingana Kokuphila Kwabantu

Ukuhlola kufanele kuhlole ukuthi imikhankaso ifinyelela amaqembu angasasebenzi − abavoti abasha, imiphakathi enemibala, imiphakathi engenisa imali ephansi (noma imiphakathi engenisa imali ephansi) noma ekhuphukayo engahlosile. Imetrics ihlanganisa amazinga okuzihambela ngezinhlanga, ubudala, iholo, kanye negeography.

Ukujula Okuhambisana Nesimo

Akubona bonke abantu abalinganayo. ukulinganisa ubude bengxoxo, ukuphendulwa kwemibuzo, noma ukuthi umvoti uhlela ukuvota (umz., wenza icebo lokuvota isikhathi nendawo) kungabikezela ukubuya kwangempela.

Izindlela zokuhlola

Imikhankaso yokukhipha iGOTV idinga umklamo wokucwaninga onzima. Indinganiso yegolide i-applicated transmitted ment (RCT), lapho iqembu labavoti labelwe khona ukuba lilashwe (ukwamukela ukuxhumana ne-GOTV) noma ukulawula (awuthintani). Isabelo esingakhethi siqinisekisa ukuthi noma yikuphi ukuhlukana phakathi kwalamaqembu amabili kungabekwa kumkhankaso.

Ukuzama Ukulima

Njengoba iphishekelwa ososayensi bezombangazwe uDonald Green no-Alan Gerber e-2002, ukuhlola kwasemasimini kuye kwaba indlela ethenjwa kakhulu yokulinganisa i-GOTV ephumelela. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuhlola okukhulu kokhetho lukamasipala 2016 obabelwe ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuba bahambele iminyango eyizicabha futhi baqhathanise ukuphuma kwabo emizini engu-10 000. Imiphumela yabonisa ukwanda okungu-4,2% kulabo abavakashiwe. I-RCT iqeda ukukhetha (lapho izisebenzi zomkhankaso ngokunokwenzeka zifuna ukuvota, ngokunokwenzeka zibonakala ziphumelela kakhulu kunabo).

Umklamo Ongokwengqondo

Uma ukungazihleliwe kungenakwenzeka, abahloli basebenzisa izinqubo ezinjengokubuyisela uguquko lokuxhumana (kuhlanganisa abavoti ngenhla nangaphansi kokunqamula kokuxhumana), umehluko (kuhlanganisa izinguquko phakathi kwesikhathi phakathi kwezindawo ezihloselweyo nezingabhekiswanga), noma ukufanisa (indlela yokwelapha esetshenziswayo ekwazi ukuvota ngokusekelwe ezicini ezifanayo ezibonakalayo). Lezindlela aziqiniseki kakhulu kodwa zisabalulekile, ikakhulukazi ekuhloleni isilinganiso esikhulu noma izinhlelo ezithatha isikhathi eside.

Ukuhlola Nemibiko Yokuziveza

Ukuhlola kokhetho lwe- Post kungabuza abavoti ukuthi bayakhumbula yini ukuthi bayathintwa futhi ukuthi ithonye isinqumo sabo sokuvota. Nokho, ukubika komuntu siqu kubangelwa ukukhunjulwa kobandlululo nokungathandeki kwezenhlalo .(abantu bangakukhipha ngokusemthethweni ukuvota kwabo noma bakhohlwe. Ukuhlola kusetshenziswa kangcono kakhulu ukuhlanganisa nemininingwane eqinisekisiwe.

Ukuthutha Imininingwane Nokusebenzisa Imithi Ephambili

Imikhankaso yanamuhla ihlanganisa amafayela evoti (amarekhodi omphakathi ka-ovota okhethwe esikhathini esidlule) nemininingwane yokuxhumana ukuze kwakhiwe amasampula abikezelayo. Lemidwebo ilinganisela amathuba okuthi uma umvoti onikiwe uyovota, bese ihlola ukuthi imizamo ye-GOTV iyakushintsha yini leyo thuba kunaleyo ebingalindelwa ngenhlanhla. Pew Research Center inikeza ukwaziswa okuningi kakhulu ezindleleni zomvoti nokuziphatha okungasetshenziswa kumfanekiso onjalo.

Izinselele Zokulinganisa Umphumela Wama - GOV

Naphezu kwentuthuko yezindlela zokuhlaziya, ukuhlaziya imikhankaso ye - GOTV kusenzima.

Izici Eziyingozi Neziyisisekelo

Kunzima kakhulu ukubona imiyalezo eminingi evela emikhankasweni, emithonjeni yezindaba, ezinhlanganweni zokuxhumana, nasemaqenjini angenayo ingxubevange. Ukuhlukanisa umphumela wokuthintana nomkhankaso owodwa kunzima kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, umavota othola isikhumbuzo sombhalo angase abone futhi abone i-TV futhi athole ucingo oluvela kumngane. Ukucwaninga okungaqondile kusiza ekulawuleni lokhu, kodwa imikhankaso yangempela yomhlaba ngokuvamile akunakwenzeka ngokuzenzakalela.

Ukungavumelani Nokungcoliswa Kwezinto

Kuhlolo lwezesayensi, akubona bonke abavoti ababelwe iqembu lokwelapha abazothintwa (ukungahambisani). Ngokuphambene, abanye abavoti eqenjini lokulawula bangafinyelelwa ngeminye imizamo ye-GOTV (ukungcola). Zombili lezizimo zinciphisa imiphumela enqunyiweyo futhi zidinga ukulungiswa kwezibalo (isib., ngokusebenzisa izinhlobonhlobo zemishini).

Ubungako Bokwaziswa Nokutholakala Kwayo

Amafayela emishini avame ukudina-keyi--(-ayikho) anganamakheli anganembile, izinombolo zocingo eziphumile, noma ukulahleka kokwaziswa kwenani labantu. Imikhankaso emincane ingantula ikhono lokuqoqa nokuhlanza kahle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imithetho yemfihlo ivimbela ukuhlangabeza imininingwane, yenza kube nzima ukuhlola i-campaign ehlukahlukene.

Ukuba qotho kwangaphandle

Imiphumela yokhetho oluthile ingase ingabhekisi phambili kwenye ngenxa yokungaboni ngaso linye emqondweni. Isu elisebenza esimweni sokuncintisana komongameli lingase lihluleke ekukhetheni kwendawo okungeyoyo eyangaphandle. Ukuhlola kumelwe kuthathwe ezimisweni ezihlukahlukene ngaphambi kokufinyelela iziphetho ezibanzi.

Ukubhekana Nemiphumela Nokuphikelela

INGXENYE ye - jointv eyenziwe yasondela kakhulu eSinsukwini Sokukhetha ingase ibe nomphumela ohlukile kunalowo owenziwa emasontweni adlule. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umphumela ungawohloka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi; ucwaningo lwango - 2014 lwathola ukuthi ukuvuselelwa kwemisebe yokhetho kunyamalala kakhulu ngemva kokhetho olulodwa. Ukuqonda ithonya elihlala njalo kudinga ukuhlola okuthatha isikhathi eside.

Ukuhlola Izenzakalo Zemikhankaso Yokukhishwa Kwezigelekeqe

Ukuhlola izwe langempela kunikeza izifundo eziqinile.

Umkhankaso We - Obama Nemikhankaso Yokuhlola Insimu (2008-2012)

Imikhankaso kamongameli uBarack Obama yayaziwa ngemisebenzi yabo ye-Dimen-drive GOTV. Phakathi nonyaka ka-2008, lo mkhankaso wathatha uchungechunge lokuhlola okungahleliwe ukuze uhlole imibhalo ebhalwe. Bathola ukuthi ukuveza ukuvota njengesiko lezenhlalo (umz., “omakhelwane bakho bazakuvota", wena?”) kwaba nempumelelo kakhulu kunokugcizelela umsebenzi wesizwe. Ngo-2012, bazama “umakhelwane - kuya ku-Sabin-ku-athernal”, lapho abashayeli bokuzithandela ababebodwa ngegama lokugcina lomvoti babekholisa. Lokhu kuhlolwe encwadini [[FLT:] i-Victorysss [FLD [FFF:] [FLD1]

INhlangano Yabesifazane Esekela Imfundo

INhlangano iphethe imfundo eminingi yabavoti nezinhlelo ze-GOTV ezibhekene nemiphakathi egciniwe. Ukuhlola imizamo yayo eFlorida ngo-2018 kusebenzisa indlela ehlukile ehambisana nemibono ehlukene yathola ukuthi izibalo lapho iNhlangano yayinemishini yokubhalisa futhi yathumela abathumeli babona i-evement ephezulu kakhulu phakathi kwabasanda kubhalisa abasha uma kuqhathaniswa nemisebenzi efanayo ngaphandle kwaleyomisebenzi. Ukuhlolwa kwaphawula ukuthi ukuhlanganisa izenzakalo zezenzakalo zezenzakalo zemisebenzi yezibalo nezikhumbuzo zenombolo kwaveza imiphumela emikhulu kakhulu.

Intsha Ihamba Ngemithombo Yezokuzijabulisa: Izikhawu Eziphakathi Ka - 2018

Izinhlangano ezifana neVote.org kanye nethi Lapho Sisebenzisa imikhankaso enzima ye-GOTV ngo-2018, kuhlanganise nezikhangiso ze-Facebook nezikhangiso zontanga. I-quaesi-empering mental Brennan Center yeJaji[ ilinganisela ukuthi le mizamo yabangela ukwanda kwentsha engu-36% ekufulatheleni (amabanga angu-18-29) uma iqhathaniswa nonyaka ka-2014, nakuba ihlukanisa umnikelo oqondile we-GOTV ngokumelene nezinye izici ihlala inzima.

Ama - Grasroot Asendaweni Nokuhlela Izinqubo Zokuhlala

Ngo-2019, inhlangano engangeni eqenjini eliphakathi yaqhuba umkhankaso wendlu ngendlu ohlohla iminyango engavamile. Isebenzisa i-RCT, yathola ukuthi umbhalo ohlanganisa “icebo lokuvota” (obuza umvoti ukuba achaze ukuthi bavote nini futhi kanjani) wabhebhethekiswa ngo- 5,8% ngesikhumbuzo esilula. Lokhu kuveza okutholake kuvela ezifundweni zemfundo zakuqala okubonisa ukuthi ukucela abantu ukuba benze icebo elithile kwanda ngokuphawulekayo.

Iziqondiso Zesikhathi Esizayo Zemikhankaso Yokuhamba Nezinkambiso Nokuhlola

Isimo somvoti sishesha ukuvela, sishukunyiswa ubuchwepheshe, ukwaziswa, nemikhuba eshintshayo yokuvota. Isihluthulelo salokhu sihlanganisa:

Ukufunda Ngemishini Nokuhamba Kwamagciwane

Imikhankaso isebenzisa kakhulu ubuchwepheshe bokufunda ukubikezela ukuthi obani abavoti abasabela kakhulu emizamweni e-GOTV. Ngokuqeqesha abalingiswa ngokuxhumana nabo nasemininingwaneni edlulile, bangahlela ukufinyelela kulabo “abanombono osulungele ukushukunyiselwa,” kunokumane bafune labo abangase bavote. Lokhu kuthembisa ukunciphisa izindleko ngokuphawulekayo ngevoti, kodwa futhi kuphakamisa imibuzo engokokuziphatha mayelana nokuvota.

Ukuhlanganiswa Nokubhaliswa Kwezincwadi Nemfundo

Imikhankaso ye-GOTV eqala eqophelweni lokubhaliswa, [1] ukusiza abantu ukuba babhalise kuyi-website noma babhalise inombolo efanayo yemini ukuze iveze amazinga aphakeme okuguqula. Ukuhlola kubonisa ukuthi ukucela umbhalisa omusha ophinde wabhaliswe ukuba avote ngesikhathi sokubhalisa kunikeza isilinganiso esiphezulu samaphuzu angamashumi amane namashumi amane nambili. Ukuhlola kwesikhathi esizayo kufanele kulinganise ipayipi eligcwele kusukela ekubhalisweni ukuya ekuvotisweni.

Ukulandelana kokuxhumana okumaningi

Kunokuba kube indawo eyodwa yokuthinta, imikhankaso ephumelelayo i-GOTV iklama ukulandelana: umyalezo we-omsmeset ngesonto ngaphambi kokhetho, ulandelwe ucingo, bese kungqongqoza umnyango, nesikhumbuzo sokugcina senombolo ngoSuku Lokhetho. Ukukhipha ingxubevange yokuxhumana ngakunye kudinga imiklamo eyinkimbinkimbi yokuhlola (umz., “ukuhlola i-bicket” lapho amaqembu ahlukahlukene amukela khona ingxube ehlukene).

Ukuhlola isikhathi Sangempela

Izakhiwo zemininingwane zanamuhla zivumela imikhankaso eminingi emincane ukuba iqhubeke ngesikhathi esisodwa phakathi nomjikelezo wokhetho, ukulungisa amasu empukane. Lendlela “yokuhlola okuthathekayo” ibolekiwe ezinkampanini zobuchwepheshe futhi ingaguqula ukuhlolwa kwe-GOTV. Nokho, ifuna izimiso zemininingwane eziqinile kanye nomphakathi wokuhlola.

Gxila Ekulinganiseni Nasekuqondweni

Ukuhlola kwesikhathi esizayo kumelwe kuqaphelisise ukuthi imikhankaso ye-GOTV inciphisa noma ithuthukisa igebe elikhuphukayo. Ngokwesibonelo, imikhankaso ye-digital kuphela ingaphuthelwa amadala nama-athonsi angenayo angenayo ekhompyutheni ethembekile. Ukuhlanganisa i-mode yokuhlola ukuhlukaniswa kweqembu lenani labantu kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amasu asetshenziswayo afinyelela yonke imiphakathi.

Isiphetho

Ukwehlisa ukuphumelela kwemikhankaso yokuphuma ngaphandle kwe-vote kungu-sayensi kanye nobuciko. Kudinga ukuhlolwa ngokucophelela, ukulingana kwemininingwane, nokuzimisela ukwamukela ukuthi amasu athile ayigugu angase angasebenzi kahle futhi athembeke. Ubufakazi obunqwabelene phakathi namashumi amabili eminyaka edlule bukhomba ezifundweni eziningana ezicacile: ukuxhumana komuntu siqu (komuntu noma ngocingo) kuhlala kungumqhubi onamandla kakhulu; ukucela abavoti ukuba benze icebo elithile ngokuphawulekayo kukhulisa ukujika; futhi ithonya lanoma iliphi icebo lingase lilula kakhulu (amaphuzu ambalwa) kodwa lingaba umngcele wokunqoba emncintiswaneni oseduze. Njengoba imikhankambiso imukela ubuchwepheshe obusha kanye nokuziphatha kokhetho okuqhubekayo, akudingekile ukubuswa kwentando yentando yeningi. Ngokukhankampani, ukukhankani, ukuqinisekisa izinhlangano, ukukhokha ngokuphumelela, ukuvotasa okungcono njengalokhu kusebenza, njengoba imikhankani yethu ithola isebenza ngokwengeziwe, njengoba imikhankani yethu yokuvo engcono kakhulu, njengoba iqala iqala iqala iqala isebenza ngokusebenza ngokusebenza ngokusebenza