Inqubo ekhethwa ngayo abavoti bamamongameli imelela esinye sezici ezihluke kakhulu zentando yeningi yaseMelika. Nakuba izakhamuzi ziphonsa amavoti azo abazokuba abameleli njalo eminyakeni emine, empeleni zikhetha isileti sabadlali abazokhetha ngokusemthethweni umongameli nomongameli nge-Electoral College. Lesimiso sokukhetha esingaqondile, esimiswe nguMthetho-sisekelo wase-U.S., sinikeza igunya elikhulu ekunqumeni ukuthi abavoti bazo bakhethwa kanjani, bakha umsebenzi oyinkimbinkimbi wemithetho nezimiso eziyinkimbinkimbi phakathi kwesizwe.

Isisekelo Somthetho - sisekelo Sokukhetha I - ector

ISiphakamiso II, Ingxenye 1, u-Claus 2 we-United States Constitution u-odoli u-odoli abambalwa abalingana nabameleli bombuso futhi banike amandla isishaya-mthetho ngasinye sombuso ukuba sinqume indlela abakhethwe ngayo. Lelilungiselelo lomthetho-sisekelo linikeza izigaba ngokuqondisisa okukhulu kuyilapho limisa uhlelo oluyisisekelo lwe-Electoral College.

I-Electoral College inabavoti abangu-58, futhi kudingeka amavoti angu-270 ukuze kukhethwe uMongameli. Isifunda ngasinye sinenani elifanayo labakhethi njengoba sinjalo kumalungu aso asemabuthweni e-Congregational: ilungu ngalinye eNdlu yabameleli kanye nabameleli ababili. Ngaphansi kweSigqi se-23 soMthetho-sisekelo, i-Frigi of Columbia inikwa abavoti abathathu futhi iphathwa njengeSizwe ngezinjongo ze-Electoral College.

Abahleli boMthetho-sisekelo baklama lesimiso njengesivumelwano phakathi kokhetho oluthandwayo nokhetho oluqondile lweSishaya-mthetho. Inqubo yokusebenzisa abavoti ivela kuMthetho-sisekelo futhi yayiwukuhlehla phakathi kwevoti ethandwayo yezakhamuzi nevoti eMkhandlwini. Lelilungiselelo labonisa ukukhathazeka ngokulinganiselwa kokuxhumana ekhulwini le-18, isifiso sokulinganisela isithakazelo sombuso nohulumeni, kanye nemibuzo ngekhono lokhetho lokuhlola abazothatha amavoti abavela emazweni akude.

Igunya Lemithetho Kahulumeni Ngaphezu Kokukhethwa Kwabadlali

Amazwe anamandla amakhulu okumisa izinqubo zawo siqu zokukhetha abavoti, ngaphansi kwemingcele ethile engokomthetho-mthetho. Uhulumeni ngamunye umisa abavoti abasebenzisa izinqubo ezingokomthetho ezinqunywe yisishaya-mthetho. Leligunya liye laphumela ekungeneni okuhlukahlukene kuwo wonke umlando waseMelika futhi liyaqhubeka liveza umehluko phakathi nomthetho wamanje.

INkantolo Ephakeme iye yaphawula ukuthi phakathi kwezindlela ezihlukahlukene ezivunyelwe ekukhetheni abavoti, kuhlanganise nendlu yomthetho ngokwayo ebhalisa amaqembu, ngomkhandlu - sisekelo ngokuvota okuvumelanayo kwalezi zindlu ezimbili, ngokuvota kwabantu ukuze bathole ithikithi elivamile, ngokuvota kwabantu ezifundeni, ngokwengxenye ngokukhetha kwabantu abavota ezifundeni futhi ngokwengxenye ngesimiso somthetho - sisekelo, ngokukhetha kwendlu yomthetho - sisekelo kubantu abavotela abantu ezifundeni, nangezinye izindlela.

Nokho, ukuhlakanipha kombuso akunamingcele. Lamandla anikezwayo ngaso sonke isikhathi angaphansi kokulinganiselwa ukuthi angase angasetshenziswa ngendlela ephula amanye amalungiselelo akhethekile oMthetho-sisekelo. Amazwe awakwazi ukusebenzisa igunya lawo lokukhetha ukuze aphule isivikelo somthetho-sisekelo esinjengesiqinisekiso sesivikelo esifanayo noma amalungelo okuvota.

Inqubo yokukhetha i-track-palegi

Ukukhethwa komongameli abavoti kwenzeka ngenqubo ehlanganisa kokubili amaqembu ezombangazwe nabavoti. Ukuqonda zombili izigaba kubalulekile ekuqondeni ukuthi abavoti bakhethwa kanjani ekugcineni.

Isigqebhezana Sokuqala: Iqembu Lezombangazwe Alikuthathi Kancane Ukubusa Kweqembu Lobu - Elector Slates

Ingxenye yokuqala yenqubo ilawulwa amaqembu ezombangazwe eZweni ngalinye futhi ayahlukahluka kuHulumeni ngamunye, futhi amaqembu avame ukusho izikweleti zababengase bakhethwe emihlanganweni yabo yesifundazwe noma azikhethe ngevoti yekomiti eyinhloko yeqembu ngokwemithetho yeqembu loMbuso futhi ngezinye izikhathi neqembu lesizwe lezenqubo.

Ezifundazweni eziningi, amaqembu amakhulu ezombangazwe akhetha noma athathe abantu abazokhonza njengabavoti bomongameli emihlanganweni yesifundazwe eqhutshwa amaqembu ngokuvumelana nemithetho yeqembu nezinqubo. Lenqubo yangaphakathi ivame ukwenzeka phakathi neminyaka yokukhetha komongameli, ngaphambi kakhulu kokhetho oluvamile.

Amaqembu ezombangazwe avame ukukhetha abantu ngabanye ukuze aqaphele inkonzo nokuzinikezela kwabo kuleloqembu lezombangazwe, futhi angase abe yizikhulu zikaHulumeni ezikhethwe, abaholi besifundazwe, noma abantu abaseMbusweni abahlangene ngokomuntu siqu noma ngokwezombangazwe noMphathi weqembu labo. Ukukhethwa njengokhetho olungase luthathwe kubhekwa njengodumo olunikezwa amalungu eqembu elithembekile.

Lengxenye yokuqala yenqubo iphumela ekukhetheni uMongameli ngamunye onesikweleti sakhe esihlukile sabangabavoti. Iqembu ngalinye elikhulu, kanye namaqembu amancane kanye nabafuna ukuzimela abafanelekela ukungena, balungiselela uhlu lwabo siqu lwabantu abazokhonza njengabavoti uma umvoti walowo mgadi enqoba ivoti ethandwa kakhulu uhulumeni.

Isigaba Sesibili: Ukukhetha Imishini Ethandwayo

Phakathi nokhetho oluvamile, abavoti eZweni ngalinye bakhetha abavoti babo baMbuso ngokufaka amavoloti abo. Nokho, lenqubo ihlukile kulokho abaningi abavoti abangakulindela. Uma uvotela umvoti womongameli, awuvoti uMongameli, empeleni utshela uHulumeni ofuna uMbuso wakho ukuba uvote emhlanganweni wabavoti.

Kukhetho lukamongameli omkhulu wase-U.S., abavoti ngokomthetho bavotela isileti seqembu lezombangazwe sabavoti, hhayi isikhulu sangempela sikamongameli nobesekela bomongameli. Amagama abavoti angase avele noma angaveli kuvoti ngaphansi kwegama lama-Mongameli, kuye ngezimiso zokhetho namafomethi e-colot eZweni ngalinye.

Izwe lisebenzisa lemiphumela yokukhetha, eyaziwa futhi njengevoti ethandwayo, ukumisa abavoti babo, kanye neqembu lezombangazwe eliphumeleleyo likaHulumeni elikhetha abantu abazokhethwa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ilethi labavoti elikhethwe yiqembu eliphumeleleyo labavoti bakahulumeni liyoba yisilethi esingokomthetho esizovota abavoti bakahulumeni.

Izimfuneko Zokwenza Isiqinisekiso Nezindlela Ezisetshenziswayo

I-odoli baye bamisa izinqubo ezisemthethweni zokukhetha abavoti nokuqinisekisa ukugcinwa kombhalo ofanele phakathi nenqubo. Lezi zinqubo zakha umzila wephepha osemthethweni kusukela ekukhishweni kwabakhiqizi bezincwadi abangase bakhethwe ngokumiswa kwabo okokugcina.

Amaqembu ezombangazwe akhetha abavoti bomongameli ngomhlangano weqembu noma ikomiti yesifundazwe futhi kumelwe aqinisekise amagama abavoti kuNobhala woMbuso. Lesitifiketi sokuqala sivame ukuvela ngaphambi kokhetho oluvamile futhi simise isitifiketi esingokomthetho salabo abangase bakhethe iqembu ngalinye.

Ezifundeni eziningi, izimfuneko ezengeziwe ziyasebenza kulokhu kwaziswa. Isitifiketi kumele sihlanganise isimemezelo salowo ngamunye ovotayo esivumela ukuvotela abazovotelwa uMongameli noKhosi-vice abaqanjwe yiqembu. Lemfuneko yesithembiso isiza abavoti ukuba baqonde isibopho sabo sokuvota abazothatha iqembu labo.

Ngemva kokhetho oluvamile, kusho ukuthi kulungiselelwa iSitifiketi sonobumba. Ngemva kokhetho oluvamile, uMphathi woMbuso ulungiselela isitifiketi Sobufakazi Bokuqinisekisa amagama abo bonke abantu abasohlwini lwezilebhu zombhalisa ngamunye, inani lamavoti atholwa umuntu ngamunye, futhi ubonisa ukuthi obani ababemiswe njengabakhethi bakaHulumeni.

I-Electoral Count Reform Act isho ukuthi umphathi wezwe okumelwe aqinisekise ukumiswa kukahulumeni wabavoti ungumbusi, ngaphandle kokuba umthetho kahulumeni omiswe ngaphambi kokhetho ukhomba umphathi ohlukile ukuze afeze lo msebenzi. I-ECRA inikeza ukuthi umphathi wesikhulu sikahulumeni ngamunye kumelwe aqinisekise isileti sikahulumeni sabavoti ezinsukwini eziyisithupha ngaphambi kosuku abavoti abahlangana ngalo ngokomthetho ukuze bavote amavoti abo.

Impumelelo Ethatha Konke Ngokuqhathaniswa Nezimiso Zokuhamba Ngezinyawo

Nakuba izigodlo zivumelana nendlela ezihlela ngayo amavoti azo, iningi liye lathatha indlela yokuzuza, enezifunda ezimbili kuphela ezisebenzisa indlela ehlukile.

Impumelelo Ithatha Zonke Izimiso

Izwe linesimiso "somthatheli-onke" esinikeza bonke abavoti abahhlwithi kuMongameli owina amavoti athandwayo kaHulumeni. Ezifundazweni ezingu-48 naseWashington, D.C., owinayo uthola wonke amavoti akhethwe yilesozwe. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngisho noma umdlali ewina nge-menu encane, bamukela ikhulu lamavoti akhethiwe kulowo mbuso.

Umnqobi waso sonke isimiso unikeza sonke leso sikweleti sikahulumeni sabo bonke abavoti kulowo ophumelele ekuvoti ethandwayo esifundazweni, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ivoti ethandwayo yayisondele kangakanani esifundazweni. Lendlela ingakhulisa ithonya lokunqoba okuncane futhi ibangele izimo lapho abazofuna ukubhapathizwa begxila khona ekuncintisaneni "kwezifunda" kunokuba basho ukuthi isigaba esisodwa sithola inzuzo ecacile.

Ngo-1836, umnqobi othathiwe yibo bonke abavoti waba yinqubo. Nakuba lesi simiso sasingagunyaziwe nguMthetho-sisekelo, uphawula ukuthi kancane kancane samukelwa njengendlela evelele, ngokunokwenzeka ngenxa yokuthi sandisa ithonya likahulumeni ngamunye kukhetho lomongameli ngokuthumela zonke izivoti zabavoti njengenhlangano ehlangene.

Isimiso sesifunda sase-Maine ne-Nebraska

Maine neNebraska ngamunye unomehluko "wokumelela kweprojekthi". Ngokukhethekile, eNebraska naseMaine, umnqobi woMbuso uthola abavoti ababili nowini wesifunda ngasinye sesifunda sesifunda sesifunda sesifunda sesifunda, okuvumela iNebraska neMaine ukuba izivote ezithola umvuzo kwabangaphezu koyedwa.

Maine wamukela icebo lakhe lesigodi ngo-1971 no-Nebraska ngo-1992, enabavoti ababili abakhulu ababebelwe umnqobi wevoti ethandwa yizwe lonke. Lesimiso sivumela ukuba kwenzeke amavoti ahlukanisayo phakathi kwabavoti abakhethiwe, aye eyenzeka kukhetho lwamuva. uMaine wahlukanisa amavoti akhe amane akhethiweyo 3-1 ku-2020 naku-2016, kanti i-Nebraska yahlukanisa amavoti ayo amahlanu akhethiweyo 4-1 kuya ku-2020.

Ngaphansi kwalendlela yesifunda sesifunda semihlangano, imikhankaso kumelwe inganakwa nje kuphela imiphumela ewumbuso wonke kodwa futhi nasezifundeni ezihlukahlukene zesifunda ngasinye, okungase kwenze izifunda ezithile zincintisane kakhulu ngisho noma wonke umbuso uncike eqenjini elilodwa.

Izimfuneko Zomthetho - sisekelo Nemingcele Yabaqondisi

Nakuba imibuso inegunya elikhulu lokukhetha abavoti, uMthetho - sisekelo umisa izimfanelo ezithile nemithetho evimbelayo engase ikhonze kulendima.

UMthetho-sisekelo wase-U.S. uqukethe amalungiselelo ambalwa kakhulu ahlobene nezimfanelo zabavoti, ne-Athigion II, ingxenye 1, isigaba 2 esinikeza ukuthi akukho Mphathi noma Ummeleli, noma Umuntu oneHhovisi Lokuthenjelwa noma inzuzo ngaphansi kwe-United States, ozomiswa njengokhetho. Lokhu kwenqabela abameleli be-othori bezwe ukuba bakhonze njengabavoti, kugcine ukuhlukaniswa phakathi kukahulumeni wezwe nohulumeni abakhethwe yi-oserver.

ISichibiyelo se - 14 sinikeza ukuthi izikhulu zoMbuso eziye zahlanganyela ekuvukeleni noma ekuvukeleni iUnited States noma zanikeza usizo nenduduzo ezitheni zazo azikufanelekeli ukukhonza njengabakhethi.

Ngalé kwalezi zimfuneko zomthetho-sisekelo kahulumeni, imibuso ingamisa ezinye izimfuneko kubavoti. Amaqembu ezombangazwe ombuso ngamunye akhetha izikweleti zawo siqu zabavoti abangase bakhethwe, futhi akhethwa ukuba abe yi-voti, kanjani, futhi uma ehluka ngokwezwe. Amazwe afuna abavoti ukuba babhaliswe futhi bangaphoqelela ezinye izilinganiso ezihloniphekayo ngomthetho wezwe.

Ukuhlangana Kwabafundi Nokuhlukaniswa Kwezincwadi Ezihlukene

Uma abavoti sebekhethiwe ngokhetho oluvamile, kumelwe bahlangane ukuze bavotele umongameli nesekela likamongameli. Lo mhlangano umelela isiphetho senqubo yokukhetha abakhethi kanye nesikhathi esingokoqobo lapho i-Electoral College isebenza ngokwenjongo.

Imihlangano Yasekholiji I - Electoral Ithatha Isikhathi Nendawo

Umhlangano wabavoti uqala ngoLwesibili lokuqala ngemva koLwesithathu lwesibili ngoDecember ngemva kokhetho oluvamile, abavoti bahlangana ezindaweni zabo, lapho bavotela khona uMongameli noMongameli ohlukene. Lesi sikhathi sashintshwa i-Electoral Count Reformation Act ka-2022, eyashintsha umhlangano kusukela ngoMsombuluko wokuqala kuya kuLwesibili wokuqala ngemva koLwesithathu lwesibili ngoDecember.

Abaphethili ababuthene endaweni eyodwa yesizwe. Kunalokho, bahlangana kanye kanye ezinhloko- dolobha zabo, ngokuvamile esakhiweni sikahulumeni noma kwesinye isakhiwo sikahulumeni. Lendlela ehloniphekile ibonisa isimo sikahulumeni se-Electoral College futhi inciphisa ingozi yokuphazamisa noma ithonya elingafanele elingase lenzeke uma bonke abavoti behlangana endaweni eyodwa.

Inqubo Yokuthutha Imikhumbi

Amavoti abavoti abhalwe esitifiketini saseVote, esilungiselelwa emhlanganweni ngabavoti, futhi iSitifiketi sikaHulumeni saseVote sithunyelwa eKhonsela, lapho amavoti abalwa khona, nase-NARA, njengengxenye yamarekhodi angokomthetho okhetho lukaMongameli. Le mibhalo iqinisekisa ukuthi amavoti ohulumeni abalwayo kahulumeni ngamunye abhalwa kahle futhi adluliselwe kuhulumeni wombuso ukuze kulandelwe inqubo yokugcina yokubala.

Inqubo yokuvota ngokwayo ihlanganisa abavoti abavotela amavoloti ahlukene kamongameli nomongameli, njengoba kufunwa yiSichibiyelo seTwelfth kuMthetho-sisekelo. ISichibiyelo sikaTwelfth sashintsha inqubo yokufuna ukuba umongameli nesekela likamongameli ngamunye akhethwe ngokukhetha okuhlukene yi-Electoral College, kanye nabameleli boMongameli manje abakhethe ukuthi ubani ozosebenza eceleni kwabo "isithabani sabo" ukuze bakhonze njengomongameli wabo.

Abakhethi Abangenalukholo: Imithetho Nokuphoqelelwa

Esinye sezici eziphikisana kakhulu zesimiso seElectoral College sihilela umbuzo wokuthi abavoti kumelwe yini bavote ozothola ukhetho oluthandwa uhulumeni noma ukuthi bayakwazi yini ukuvota ngendlela ehlukile.

Umthetho Wamazwe Namalungiselelo Omthetho - sisekelo

Awukho umthetho womthetho-sisekelo ofuna abavoti ukuba bavote ngokwemiphumela yevoti ethandwayo e-U.S. noma imithetho kahulumeni ikhuluma ngomqondo "okhetho abangakholwa" njengoba lendaba ishiyelwa emazweni.

Abavoti abangenalukholo bangabavoti ekugcineni abavotela omunye umuntu ngaphandle kokuba bathembise. Ithuba labavoti abangenalukholo liye labangela ukukhathazeka ngokufaneleka kwesimiso sentando yeningi se - Electoral College futhi lashukumisela amazwe amaningi ukuba amise imithetho ekhuluma ngalendaba.

Imithetho yoMbuso Enikeza Abakhumbuli

Amanye amaZwe afuna abavoti ukuba bavote ngokwevoti ethandwayo, nalezi zifungo ziwela ezigabani ezimbili − abakhi ababoshwe umthetho woMbuso nalabo ababoshwe ngezivumelwano ezijoyiniswe embuthweni wezombangazwe. Iningi lamazwe neSithili saseColumbia zinemithetho ezincwadini ezifuna abavoti ukuba baqinisekise ukuvotelela abamele ubumongameli babo noMongameli.

Izimiso zokugcinwa kwalemithetho zihluka kakhulu. Nakuba izifundazwe ezingamashumi amathathu nantathu nesifunda saseColumbia zidinga abavoti ukuba bavote ocela ukubhapathizwa, ezingu 14 kuphela kulezo zifundazwe ezinendlela yokuqinisekisa ukuthi zithatha indawo yokhetho olungenalukholo kanye nevoti yakhe engafanele. Ezinye izizwe zibheka ukwephulwa njengokuhlanganisa okumelwe kugcwaliswe, kuyilapho ezinye zibeka izijeziso kubavoli abangenalukholo.

Ukugunyazwa Kwemithetho KaHulumeni Ephakeme

NgoJuly 2020, iNkantolo ePhakeme yase-United States yagomela ngokuthi uHulumeni anga "wenza imvume yokuvota ngokuphula isifungo sakhe nokuvotela omunye umuntu ngaphandle komongameli owawina ivoti ethandwa uHulumeni wakhe". Lesi sinqumo [ku- khifalo v. waxazulula imibuzo ethatha isikhathi eside mayelana nomthetho-mthethweni wemithetho ebopha abavoti abavoti abamele ukuvotela umlandeli weqembu labo.

Isinqumo seNkantolo Ephakeme saqinisekisa ukuthi amazwe anegunya lokuphoqelela izifungo zokuvota nokuthi ukuphoqelela okunjalo akuwuphuli umthetho. Lesi sinqumo siye saqinisa isisekelo esingokomthetho semithetho kahulumeni efuna abavoti ukuba bavote ngokwemiphumela ethandwayo yevoti kahulumeni wabo, nakuba kungadingi ukuba amazwe athathe imithetho enjalo.

Ukugcwalisa Imishini Ye - Elector

Izimo ziphakama ngezikhathi ezithile lapho ovota engakwazi ukuya emhlanganweni we-Electoral College noma lapho ukhetho lokhetho luncishiswa khona ngenxa yokuvota okungenalukholo ezizweni okunezimiso zokuqinisekisa. Izwe lisungule izinqubo zokulungisa lezi zikhala.

Uma kunendawo emhlanganweni wabavoti, abavoti kumelwe bavote ukuze bagcwalise izikhala. Izinqubo eziqondile zokugcwalisa izikhala ziyahluka ngokwezwe, kodwa ngokuvamile zihilela abakhethi abasele abakhetha indawo yeqembu elifanayo lezombangazwe njengokhetho olungekho noma olungafaneleki.

Ezinye izifundazwe zichaza ezinye izivoteli kusengaphambili ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izikhala zingagcwaliswa ngokushesha nangempumelelo. Lezi zici ezingafani zikhethwa ngenqubo efanayo yokukhethwa njengemishini eyinhloko futhi zime zilungele ukukhonza uma kudingeka.

Indima Yezikhulu Zokukhetha Uhulumeni

Izikhulu zikahulumeni zokukhetha, ikakhulukazi izisekeli zoMbuso, zifeza indima ebalulekile ekuqondiseni enqubweni yokukhetha, ngisho nakuba ngokuvamile zingenagunya phezu kwamaqembu ezombangazwe angenalo ilungelo lokukhethwa kwezileti ezikhethiwe.

Izikhokhi zoMbuso noma ezinye izikhulu zezikhulu zezikhulu zithola izitifiketi ezivela emaqenjini ezombangazwe ngokuphathelene nabavoti bazo abakhethwe ngokusemthethweni, zilondoloza amarekhodi angokomthetho emiphumela yokhetho oluvamile, zilungiselela izitifiketi zeSimemo eziqinisekisa ukuwina kwephepha labavoti, futhi zihlangane neziphathimandla zikahulumeni ukuba zidlulisele amavoti akhethiwe eSishayasini. Lemisebenzi yokuqondisa iqinisekisa ukuthi inqubo yokukhetha yabakhethi isebenza kahle futhi ukuthi umbhalo ofanele ukhona kuzo zonke iziteji.

Izikhulu zikahulumeni zokukhetha zisebenza futhi njengemithombo yokwaziswa mayelana nezinqubo zikahulumeni ezicatshangelwe ngokuqondile. Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa ngenqubo ye-Electoral College eMbusweni wakho, thintana noNobhala woMbuso woMbuso Wakho. Lezizikhulu zinganikeza imininingwane mayelana nezinqubo zeqembu, amafomethi okuhloba, kanye nesikhathi sezinyathelo ezihlukahlukene kule nqubo.

Ukuziphendukela Kwemvelo Okungokomlando Kwezindlela Zokukhetha I - elector

Ukuqonda le ntuthuko engokomlando kunikeza umongo wemikhuba yamanje nezimpikiswano eziqhubekayo ngenguquko ye - Electoral College.

Eminyakeni yokuqala yerepublic, izifunda eziningi zasebenzisa ukumisa umthetho kunokuba zivote. Izishaya-mthetho zikahulumeni zazikhetha ngokuqondile abavoti ngaphandle komkhakha wokuvota. Lendlela yancipha kancane kancane njengoba ukuhlanganyela kwentando yeningi kwanda futhi amazwe ashukunyiselwa ezindleleni eziqondile zobukhosi obuthandwayo.

Ukushintshela ezindleleni zokuvota ezithandwayo kwenzeka kancane kancane phakathi nekhulu le-1980. Maphakathi nawo-1800, imibuso eminingi yayise yamukele uhlobo oluthile lokukhetha oluthandwayo ekukhetheni abavoti, nakuba izinqubo ezithile zazihlukahluka. Isimiso sokuwina saqala ukubusa kakhulu, nakuba sasingadingeki ngokomthetho.

Ikhulu lama-20 leminyaka laphinde lahlelwa isilinganiso, cishe wonke amazwe athatha ukuthatha impumelelo ngesikhathi semikhankaso yanamuhla yomongameli. Ukwamukela kukaMaine indlela yesifunda sesifunda ngo-1971 no-Nebraska ngo-1992 kwamelela ukuma kwemidanti kulokhu kuthambekela, nakuba le mikhankaso ilokhu imane iyimibuso emibili esebenzisa lendlela ehlukile.

Izimpikiswano Nezinguquko Zesikhathi Esizayo

Inqubo kahulumeni yokukhetha abavoti iyaqhubeka ibangela impikiswano ebalulekile, neziphakamiso ezihlukahlukene zenguquko ezihloselwe ukushintsha indlela abavoti abakhethwa ngayo noma ukuqeda ngokuphelele iElectoral College.

Iqoqo Lesizwe Elithandwayo Le - Interstate

Omunye umzamo ovelele wokulungisa uhilela iNational Popular Vote Interstate Community, isivumelwano phakathi kwamazwe ahlanganyelayo ekukhokheleni amavoti awo akhethwe umongameli owina ivoti ethandwa yisizwe, kungakhathaliseki umphumela okhona esifundazweni sawo siqu. Lo mkhankaso uyoba khona kuphela uma amazwe anele angahlanganyela ekufezeni ingxenye enkulu yekolishi ekhethiwe, futhi kusukela ngoMay 2024, amazwe angu - 17 kanye nesifunda saseColumbia avuma ukuhlanganyela.

Le ngxenye imelela umzamo wokwakha ngokuphumelelayo isimiso sovota esithandwayo sesizwe ngaphandle kokusekela uMthetho-sisekelo. Incike egunyeni lomthetho-sisekelo lezwe ukunquma ukuthi abakhethi babo bamiswa kanjani, besebenzisa lelogunya ukwenza isimiso esihlangeneyo ezizweni eziningi.

Umbono Womphakathi Ngenguquko Yase - Electoral College

Ngokokuhlola okwenziwa ePew Research Center, abantu abadala baseMelika abangamaphesenti angu - 65 bakhetha ukuyeka iElectoral College bavote ethandwayo ezweni lonke. Lesi sibalo esikhulu siveza ukukhathazeka okuqhubekayo ngokufaneleka kwesimiso sentando yeningi lapho umnqobi othandwayo angalahlekelwa khona ukhetho.

Ngo-1824, 1876, 188, 2000, no-2016, umnqobi we-Electoral College (*kanjalo uMongameli wabe ehluleka ukuvota) walahlekelwa yi-octive. Lezi zenzakalo ziye zaqinisa izimpikiswano ngokuthi isimiso samanje sibonisa kahle yini intando yabantu baseMelika nokuthi inguquko idingekile yini.

UMthetho Wenguquko Ka - 2022 We - Electoral Councial Reformation

Umthetho wamuva nje kahulumeni uye walungisa izici ezithile zenqubo ye - Electoral College, nakuba ungashintshanga ngokuyisisekelo indlela imibuso ekhetha ngayo abavoti.

ISivumelwano sadlulisa uMthetho we-Electoral Count Reform Act ka-2022 (ECRA), umthetho we-bipartisan ohlanganisa ingxenye ye-omnis appropriance nesimiso esihlaziya i-alder Electoral Count (ECA) Act ka-1887. i-ECA, njengoba ihlelwe yi-ECRA, inikeza uhlelo oluyinhloko olungokomthetho lokuhlela nokubala i-Elector Collegess kukhetho lukamongameli.

I-ECRA ngokuyinhloko ikhuluma ngenqubo yokubala kwengqungquthela futhi icacisa izinto ezaba sobala phakathi nokhetho lwango-2020. Nokho, ihlanganisa namalungiselelo athinta izinqubo zikahulumeni, ikakhulukazi ngokuphathelene nezilinganiso zesikhathi somthetho wesitifiketi kanye neziqu zezikhulu zikahulumeni eziphathiswe ukuvota.

Lezi zinguquko zihlose ukuqinisa ubuqotho benqubo ye - Electoral College futhi zinciphise amathuba okuxabana noma ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa, kuyilapho zilondoloza isimo esiyisisekelo sokukhetha okusekelwe kuhulumeni.

Imisebenzi Ewusizo Yabavolontiya

Ukuqonda indlela izikhulu ezikhetha abavoti okunemiphumela ebalulekile kubavoti abafuna ukuhlanganyela ngokuphumelelayo okhethweni lukamongameli.

Okokuqala, abavoti kufanele baqaphele ukuthi i - boota yabo ewumongameli empeleni iyivoti yephepha labavoti kunokuba iqondiswe ngokuqondile kwabazovota ngokwabo.

Okwesibili, isimiso sokunqoba esisetshenziswa yizifundazwe eziningi sisho ukuthi abavoti ezifundazweni ezingaphazamisi bangase bazwe ukuthi amavoti abo anethonya elincane kunabavoti ezifundazweni ezijikelezayo. Lokhu kulungisa amasu omkhankaso namathonya lapho abazofuna ukubhapathizwa besebenzisa isikhathi sabo nengcebo yabo.

Okwesithathu, imithetho yombuso mayelana nabavoti abangenalukholo inikeza amazinga ahlukene esiqinisekiso sokuthi amavoti azakuveza umphumela othandwayo wokuvota. Abavoti abasemazweni anezinqubo eziqinile zokuqikelelwa bangaqiniseka kakhulu ukuthi amavoti kahulumeni wabo avumelana nemiphumela ethandwayo yevoti.

Okokugcina, ukuqonda inqubo yokukhetha abavoti kunika amandla okuhlanganyela ezimpikiswaneni ezinolwazi ngokuphathelene nezinguquko futhi kuhlolwe iziphakamiso zokuguqula isimiso. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi basekela isakhiwo samanje noma basekela ezinye izindlela, abavoti bayazuza ngokuqonda ukuthi le nqubo ekhona isebenza kanjani.

Imithombo Yokwaziswa Okwengeziwe

Imithombo eminingi enegunya inikeza ukwaziswa okwengeziwe ngendlela izifundazwe ezikhetha ngayo abavoti nenqubo ebanzi ye - Electoral College.

INational Archives and Records Administration ilondoloza ukwaziswa okubanzi nge-Electoral College, kuhlanganise nezincazelo eziningiliziwe zenyathelo ngalinye enqubeni kanye nokuxhumana nemithetho ehlobene nohulumeni. Webhusayithi yabo e .gov/unjiniyela-college isebenza njengenkokhelo kahulumeni engokomthetho.

I-National Association of Schecretary of State ihlanganisa izifushaniso zemithetho yesifundazwe ngesifundazwe mayelana nabavoti bamapresidenti, inikeza ukwaziswa okuningiliziwe ngezinqubo zokukhipha izimvume, izimfuneko zomgunyathi, nezibopho zokukhetha esifundeni ngasinye. Le mithombo ibaluleke kakhulu ekuqondeni ukuhlukahluka okucaciwe kwenqubo.

I - National Conference of State Legislatures inikeza ukuhlaziywa kwezinqubo ze - Electoral College kanye nomthetho wemithetho kahulumeni ophathelene nokukhetha okhethwe. Imithombo yazo isiza abacwaningi nezakhamuzi ezithakazelayo ukuba baqonde kokubili imikhuba yamanje nezinguquko ezihlongozwayo.

Amahhovisi okukhetha ahlukene anikeza ukwaziswa okuqondile ezinqubweni zikahulumeni wawo. Ukuxhumana noNobhala kahulumeni wakho noma isikhulu sokhetho singanikeza ukwaziswa okuningiliziwe ngendlela uhulumeni wakho okhetha ngayo, okhethayo, futhi ofaka ngayo imvume yabavoti bomongameli.

Isiphetho

Inqubo ekhethwa ngayo izikhulu ezikhetha abavoti bamongameli ibonakalisa isimo sikahulumeni waseMelika nomthetho-sisekelo onika igunya lokunikeza izifundazwe kulendawo ebucayi. Kusukela ekufakweni kokuqala kwezileti ezikhethwe amaqembu ezombangazwe ngevoti ethandwayo enquma ukuthi isiphi isikweleti esimisiwe, engqungqutheleni engokomthetho lapho abavoti bavotayo bavota khona, isinyathelo ngasinye sihlanganisa inhlanganisela yomthetho kazwe, izinqubo zeqembu, nezimfuneko zomthetho-mthetho-siseko.

Nakuba isimiso siye savela ngokuphawulekayo kusukela esikhathini sokusungulwa, cishe yonke indawo i-vote zindlela ezithandwayo kanye nokuthatha inzuzo yonke, izifundazwe ziyakwazi ukuvumelana nendlela ezisebenzisa ngayo lezi zinqubo. Ukuba khona kwezinye izindlela eMaine nase Nebraska, izimpikiswano eziqhubekayo ngemithetho yabakhethi engenalukholo, neziphakamiso zezinguquko ezinkulu zonke zibonisa ukuthi inqubo yokukhetha elawulayo ihlala inamandla futhi ingakwazi ukushintshwa.

Ukuqonda indlela abavoti abakhethayo abanikeza ngayo ukuqonda okubalulekile ngokhetho lukamongameli waseMelika nendima eyingqayizivele efezwa uhulumeni ekukhetheni umphathi omkhulu wezwe. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isimiso samanje siyaqhubeka singashintshiwe noma sithola izinguquko eminyakeni ezayo, inqubo esekelwe kuhulumeni yokukhetha iyakulokhu isici esichaza indlela amaMelika akhetha ngayo umongameli wawo.