Izindawo zasemadolobheni kulo lonke elase-United States nasemhlabeni zibhekene nokwehlukana okujulile kwezinhlanga okugxile kakhulu okukhona ekwakheni izindlu, imfundo, amathuba ezomnotho, nokuphepha komphakathi. Kubaphathi bedolobha, ukuthatha izinyathelo zokungalingani kwezinhlanga, akuseyona into engayenza ngokuzikhethela — kuwumthwalo oyinhloko wokulawula okuphumelelayo. Inselele isekunyakazeni ukusuka ekukhulumeni ukuya esinyathelweni, kusukela ekushintsheni kwezenzo zophawu kuya ekushintsheni kwezakhiwo. Lokhu kudinga ubufakazi obusekelwe, nendlela yomphakathi ephakathi. Ngokwamukela imikhuba engcono kakhulu esekelwe emashumini eminyaka yokucwaninga naselwazini olusemhlabeni, abaphathi bedolobha bangaqhubela intuthuko engcono kakhulu ekushintsheni kwemiphumele phambili yezindawo zokwakha.

Umlando Wokungalingani Kohlanga Lwasedolobheni

Ukungalingani kobuhlanga emadolobheni akunangozi; akunakwenzeka ngengozi; kungumphumela wamashumi eminyaka esimiso somphakathi kanye nomkhuba womuntu siqu. Ukuhlukanisa, ukuhlukanisa, ukuhlukanisa ibala, nokukhipha ubandlululo emiphakathini yezindawo, nokusebenzisa inqubo yokukhokha impoqo kwabangela ubumpofu obugcwele futhi kulinganiselwe ekutholeni izikole eziphambili, imisebenzi, nokunakekela impilo. Ngisho nangemva komphumela we-Fair Horingle Act ka-1968, amadolobha amaningi ayaqhubeka nemikhuba eqhubekisela phambili i-parntion nokwehlukana. Ukuqonda lomlando kubalulekile kubaphathi bedolobha namuhla ngenxa yokuthi ukungalawuleki kwemisebenzi engokomzimba, ezenhlalo, nangokwezomnotho kwamadolobha. Noma yisiphi isinyathelo esikhona esingazishaya izingozi ezingeni lokungazezenzi noma ngisho nasebubini. Abaphathi bedolobha kumelwe bazifundise ngokwawo nasemaqembu awo ezindaweni zobandlululo — kuhlanganise nezimiso ezikhona manje zemikhankani yabo — izimpawu ezithinta izimpawu zezindawo ezikhona — noma izimpawu zezindawo zezindawo zezindawo zezindawo zedolobha.

Izimiso Zokuziphatha Zokuhola Izinyathelo Zokuthatha Izinhlanga Ngokulingana

Ngaphambi kokuba bangene emasubeni akhethekile, abaphathi bedolobha kufanele bafake umsebenzi wabo ezimisweni eziyisisekelo eziqondisa ukwenza izinqumo futhi ziqinisekise ukungaguquguquki. Lezizimiso zisiza ekugwemeni izihibe ezivamile njengokusebenzisa imishini yokuzilungisa noma imizamo ehlukene.

Ukuzicabangela Nokugxila Kukho

Ukungalingani kobuhlanga akwenzeki ngengozi. Kudinga izinqubo ezicacile, zenhloso nemikhuba ehlukanisa izisulu. Ukuthatha izinqubo zobuthakathi noma zombala ngokuvamile kulondoloza isimo esikhona. Amamenenja amadolobha kumelwe aqambe obala uhlanga nobandlululo lobuhlanga, ahlaziye indlela izimiso ezikhona eziveza ngayo imiphumela engalingani, futhi aklame izindlela ezintsha zokuvala izikhawu. Lesimiso sisho ukuhlanganisa izinkulumo ezihlukene eziphawulekayo ezenzweni ezicacile kanye nemigomo engenakulinganiswa.

Ukungezwani

Izenzo eziphumelelayo ziqaphela ukuthi abantu babhekene nezinhlobo eziningi zobandlululo ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ngokwesibonelo, owesifazane oNsundu okhubazekile ubhekene nezithiyo ezihlukile kulezo ezibhekene nendoda emnyama noma owesifazane omhlophe. Abaphathi bedolobha kufanele bathathe i-lens yokuhlanganisa indawo ehleliwe, ukuqoqwa kokwaziswa, kanye nezivumelwano zomphakathi ukuze bagweme ukuqinisa ezinye izinhlobo zobungani.

Imininingwane nesisekelo sobufakazi

Imininingwane iyithuluzi elinamandla lokuhlukanisa, ukumisa izisekelo, nentuthuko yokulandelela. Amamenenja amadolobha kufanele achithe ukwaziswa ngokohlanga kanye nezinye izakhamuzi ukuze adalule ukungalingani okufihlekile. Nokho, ukwaziswa kumelwe kuchazwe ngokunakekela — izikhombo eziqulayo kufanele zipheleliswe ukuqonda okungaqondakali okuvela emalungwini omphakathi.

Ukuzimisela Umphakathi

Imiphakathi ethinteka kakhulu ngokungabi nabulungisa kumelwe ibe namandla aqotho ekulungiseni amakhambi. Lokhu kudlulela ngalé kokuboniswa emabhodini okuqondisa. Amamenenja amadolobha kufanele afake imali ekwakheni isikhundla somphakathi, anikeze imithombo yokuzimela, futhi aqinisekise ukuthi izakhiwo zokwenza izinqumo zihlanganisa nezwi eliqondile lomphakathi. Ukwethemba akwakhiwe ngehholo elilodwa ledolobha, kodwa ngobuhlobo obuqhubekayo nangegunya elinye.

Imikhuba Emihle Kakhulu Eboniswayo

Uma benezimiso njengesisekelo, abaphathi bedolobha bangasebenzisa amasu aqinile phakathi komklamo ophelele wokuthatha isinyathelo sokusebenza. Le mikhuba emihle kakhulu ithathwa ngezinhlelo eziphumelelayo emadolobheni anjenge Seattle, Portland, Austin, neRichmond, phakathi kwezinye.

Ukuhlanganyela Okujulile Nokuqinile Komphakathi

Ukuthembisana komphakathi kumelwe kudlulele ngalé kokuhlola ukuqulwa kwezindaba zomphakathi. Ukuthembisana okuqinisekile kusho ukuhlangana nabantu lapho bekhona — ngokwezwe, ngokwesiko, nangolimi. Amamenenja ezidolobha kufanele amise amabhodi okuhloba umphakathi ahlanganisa abameleli abasemaqenjini ahlukene, akhokhele amalungu omphakathi isikhathi sawo, futhi adale izikhala ezilondekile zokuxoxa ngokwethembeka. Izinqumo kufanele zenzeke ngokushesha, futhi ziqhubeke zisetshenziswa. Amathuluzi anjengemali yokuhlela, izikhawu zemibono ehleliwe, nokuhlela okufanelekile kwezenziwa (umk., ukubambisana nezinhlangano zomphakathi ezithenjwa) kungakha izikhundla nokuqinisekisa izidingo zangempela. Umbiko ongamashumi amabili usuka eNational Nations of Cities [F:] ugcizelela ukuthi “impatho yekhono eziphambili, ukuhlelwa kwekhono emphakathini, nokuhlelwa kwekhono emphakathini.[1]

Ukubeka Imigomo Ecacile Nelinganiswayo

Izivumelwano zokufuna “ukuzimela” noma“ ukuqashwa” akwanele. Amamenenja amadolobha kumelwe achaze izinhloso eziqondile, ezibopha isikhathi ezihlobene nokuvala izikhala zohlanga. Ngokwesibonelo, ukunciphisa igebe lomphakathi elimnyama elihlala ekhaya ngeminyaka engaphezu kweyishumi%, noma ukwandisa izinga lezivumelwano zomphakathi ezinikezwa amabhizinisi amancane ngeminyaka engu-15% phakathi kwemibili. AmaMetricic kufanele asuswe ngokohlanga, ngokwenzuzo, nangendlela yokuma kwezwe. Imibiko yasikhathi esivamile yezehlakalo kumelwe ikhishwe obala, futhi uma izisulu zilahleka, idolobha kumelwe lichaze futhi lilungise izinqubo ezisebenzayo. Inhloso ephumelelayo i-'[FLD''''''[FLT] [FLD:] [F1][FF1]

3. Ukuthunyelwa Kwemithombo Yengcebo Ehlelekile

Izinyathelo zokuthatha isinyathelo ezithathelwe izivumelwano, hhayi nje ulimi olufinyelelweyo. Abaphathi bamadolobha kufanele bahlole uhlelo lwemali olulinganayo ukuze babone ukuthi amaqhinga okusebenzisa imali amanje aqinisa noma anciphisa iziphiwo. Izimali kufanele zibekwe ngokoqobo ezimisweni ezisingatha imingcele yezimiso zokwenza izinto — ngokwesibonelo, ukutshala izimali ezindlini ezithengwayo ezisendaweni ezungezile engokomlando, ukuxhasa izinhlelo zokuthuthukisa umsebenzi ezigxile kubantu abanombala, noma ukunikeza usizo olukhululekile olungokomthetho kubantu abaqashi ababhekene nokuxoxiwa. Izindlela zokukhokhela izakhiwo ezihlukene zibucayi ngokulinganayo; ukuchaza isikhulu esiphethe esinegunya nemali, futhi sakhe amandla amakhulu eminyango yokusekela iminyango yokuqeqesha nokusekela. Idolobha lase-Seattletnerptaire linikeza umfanekiso nge-ectal ectivectives shoctivements provideals provingstionstions [Furties Institute:[1]

4. Ukuhlanganisa Ukwanda Komphakathi Ngaphesheya Kwezinqubo Zasedolobheni

Uhlelo olulodwa noma ihhovisi alinakho ukuthwala isisindo sokuguqula okupheleli. Amamenenja amadolobha kumelwe ahlanganise isisekelo sawo wonke umsebenzi wedolobha — kusukela ekutholeni nasekuqasheni ukuya ezindaweni ezithile nakuyi polisi. Lokhu kusho ukuvuselela izimiso, izivumelwano, nokuhlola ukusebenza ukuze kuhlolwe ukulingana kwezinhlanga. Amathuluzi anjengo awekho okulinganayo okuhlangene nokungalinganiyo kokuhlola [[ [njengoba] [usizo] lokuhlola izimiso ezihlongoniswayo phambi kokutholwa. Ukuqeqesha zonke izisebenzi — hhayi nje izisebenzi eziphambili kodwa nabaholi abakhulu — kubalulekile ukwakha ulimi oluvamile nokuqonda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kuhlanganiswe ezihlelweni ezihlelweni ezihleleni zedolobha, ukuhlelwa kwendlela yokuhlela, ukuhlelwa kwendlela yokuhlela, nokusebenza kweqembu. [FTB] [FF]

Ukuhlola Izifo: Izifundo Ezitholakala Emadolobheni Aphakeme

Izibonelo zezwe langempela zibonisa ukuthi nakuba indlela iyinselele, intuthuko ingenzeka. Abaphathi bamadolobha bangafunda kumaphayona.

Isigaba Sohlanga Nobulungisa Bezenhlalo Esaqaliswa ESeattle

Isethulo sikaSeattle singenye yemizamo emidala kakhulu nebanzi kamasipala. Ihlanganisa ukuhlelwa kwemisebenzi yezemisebenzi edolobheni lonke, amaqembu e-quctive, ukuqeqeshwa kwezisebenzi, kanye nokubambisana komphakathi. Isifundo esisodwa esiyinhloko: ukuhola okuqhubekayo kwezombangazwe nokuqondisa kusenzima. Isinyathelo sokuthatha isinyathelo siye sasinda ekuqondiseni izakhiwo eziningi ze-meya ngokuhlelwa kwezemisebenzi yezembubhini yedolobha. Seattle futhi usebenzisa “i-racial ective boxbox esebenzayo yezenqubo yezempathrobox” enikeza iziqondiso ezisebenzayo zezenqubo yezenqubo, ukuhlaziya izimali, nokubopha izivumelwano zomphakathi. Funda okwengeziwe kumthetho we-[FLT:]

Ihhovisi LasePortland Lokukhetha Icala Namalungelo Abantu

Portland, Oregon, yakha iHhovisi elinikezelwe le-Equity and Human Rights ngo-2013, igunya lokuthuthukisa imiphumela engenakulinganiswa kulo lonke uhulumeni wedolobha. Ihhovisi lihlola zonke iziphakamiso zedolobha, izimemezelo zomphakathi, izinhlangano zezindawo zomphakathi, futhi likhipha umbiko wamakhadi onyaka wetshekethiwe. Umlando wePortland uqokomisa ukubaluleka kokwaziswa okucace kakhulu: ukubika ngezindlela zamakhadi zaleli dolobha ezisemthethweni kunqamule izindlu, imfundo, zonke izimpawu zezezomnotho, zonke zihlukaniswe ngokohlanga. Lokhu kwakha ukulandisa kwaminyaka yonke futhi kusiza izinhlangano zomphakathi ukuba zikhulunyelwe ushintsho lapho intuthuko, kubonisa ukuthi umsebenzi owenziwayo udinga ukuthuthukisa nokuthuthukisa.

Icebo Lika - Austin Lokuthatha Isinyathelo

Austin, Texas, wamukela i-Equity Action Plan ngo-2020 eyahlanganisa ngokuqondile ukutshala imali edolobheni nemiphumela yobuhlanga. Icebo lihlanganisa ukuzimisela ukunikezela okungenani amaphesenti angu-30 emali ethile yentuthuko enhloko ngokwezimali ezindaweni ezingaphansi kwe-inparective. U-Austin wasungula futhi “imali ehambisana ne-commony ecty internation” enikeza izimali ezimbalwa ezinhlanganweni zotshani eziholela emsebenzini owenziwa ngokunganqamuki. Isifundo esibucayi: naphezu kokuveza izinto ngamandla, ukuphumelela kungantenga okungantenga okungakho kwezisebenzi ezinikezelwe. Ihhovisi lika-Austin ihhovisi le-acqucy lalingaphansi kwe-redictived, okuholela entuthubeni yentuthuko. Izikhululo zedolobha ezicabangela amacebo afana nawo kufanele zinikeze imali eyanele kusukela ekuqaleni.

Ukunqoba Izinselele Ezivamile

Kubalulekile ukuba abaphathi bamadolobha balindele lezi zinselele futhi balungiselele izindlela zokuzisingatha.

Ukumelana Nezombangazwe Nokushintsha Kobuholi

Izindlela zokuthatha izivumelwano zingaba ukuhlukanisa. Amanye amalungu omphakathi nezikhulu ezikhethiwe zingamelana nokuhlelwa kwemithetho elawulayo kulo lonke uhlanga. Amamenenja amadolobha anganciphisa lokhu ngokusebenzisa ulimi lwembulunga yonke (umz., “ukukhanya” noma“ukwehlisa” noma“ukulondoloza ukuhlaziywa kwezinhlanga. Ukwakha imiphakathi emikhulu ehlanganisa abaholi bezentengiselwano, imiphakathi yokholo, nezinhlangano zezezezezwe zisiza ekusunguleni isithili esimelene nenguquko yezombangazwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenzisa imingcele yemithetho yedolobha, izimali, nezakhiwo zesifunda zinciphisa ukuchachachatha umholi wezinhlanga. Inhlangano yezentengiselwano yezentengiselwano yezezombangazwe [[FLT]]]

Ukulinganisela Kwengcebo Nokuncintisana Okuza Kuqala

Amadolobha ngokuvamile abhekene nokusetshenziswa kakhulu kwemali nezidingo eziningi eziphuthumayo. Abaphathi bamadolobha kumelwe benze indaba yokuthi ukulinganisela akuwona amasu okunezela kodwa indlela eyisisekelo yokuphumelela. Ukwaziswa okubonisa izindleko ezinkulu zezomnotho zezinhlangano zobandlululo lwezinhlanga (umzk., inzuzo, ukulahlekelwa, ukusetshenziswa kakhulu kwezempilo) kungathethelela ukutshala imali. Ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo yemali ekhona — njengokufaka ingxenye yemali ebanzi eyandayo, iminikelo kahulumeni egunyaziweyo, noma ukubambisana nezinhlangano zezinhlangano zokusiza abahlanga abampofu. Imisebenzi emincane yokushayela nge-mitayela ecacile ingabonisa inani lemali futhi yakha amandla okutshala izimali ezinkulu.

Izinhlangano Nempucuko

Amashumi eminyaka emikhuba egxilile nobandlululo oluphelele awashintshi ngesikhashana. Izisebenzi zasedolobheni zingamelana nezinqubo ezintsha noma zizizwe zisongelwa ukuqeqeshwa okulungile. Amamanenja kufanele ahole ngesibonelo, akha ukuziphatha okungaqondile futhi azibeke icala. Ukwakha amaqhawe angaphakathi ngo- “qeqesha” kuyasiza ekubekeni isibopho eminyangweni. Ukudumisa ngokushesha — njengokuphumelela kwesehlakalo somphakathi noma ukushintsha kwenqubo okunciphisa ukungalingani — ukwakha ukuziphatha okuhle. Kubalulekile futhi ukuxoxa ngezisebenzi ezinomuzwa wokuthi “zinziwa" ngemizamo enziwayo; sebenzisani ukuxhumana okucacile mayelana nendlela yokusiza ngayo wonke umuntu, kuhlanganise namathuba okufaka isandla.

Intuthuko Elinganiswayo Nokulandisa

Ngaphandle kokulandisa, ngisho nokuthatha isinyathelo esihlelwe kahle kungashabalala. Abaphathi bedolobha kumelwe basungule izimiso eziqinile ukuze balandele intuthuko nenkambo elungile.

Amabhodi Aqoshiwe Nemibiko Yomphakathi

Umshini wokunyathelisa i-quity drickboard e-itwey ehlaziya izihluthulelo zomphakathi nyaka ngamunye uvumela izakhamuzi, abameleli, nemithonga ukuba iqaphele intuthuko. Amabhodi ama-shashboard kufanele ahlanganise kokubili izikhombo zemiphumela yemiphumela (umzk., amazinga okuthweswa iziqu kwesikole esiphakeme ngohlanga) kanye nezinhlelo zokubonisa (umz., inani lemihlangano yomphakathi eqhutshwa, izinhlobonhlobo zamabhodi e-advisory). Amadolobheni anjenge-Mandy, i-Wisconsin, ne-Durham, i-North Carolina, akhakhidele izingbo zodwa ezitholakalayo ezincomekayo ezinconywayo zombala ka-uniom. Abaphathi beDolotten City kufanele bakhulule imibiko yaminyaka yonke ngokwaziswa ngomongo, ukuchaza kokubili ukuphumelela nokuphambuka.

Ukuncintisana Kobuhlanga

Phambi kokwamukela izimiso ezintsha, ukushintsha uhlelo lokuhlela imali, noma ukutshala imali okukhulu, izinhlangano zasedolobheni kufanele ziqhube i-Actal Equity Assessment (REIA). Lokhu kuhlaziya okuhlelwe kahle kubuza: Ubani ozosindwa? Singawanciphisa kanjani amathonya amabi? Amadolobha amaningi, kuhlanganise ne-Atlanta neMinneapolis, agunyaze REIAS for arriagement. Inqubo ikhuthaza ukukhohlakala nokuvimbela ukulimala okungalindelekile. [[FLT:] Inhlangano e-"FLT] Inikeza kanjani inhlangano esetshenziswa kakhulu REAKKIT thuluzi elingavumelana ne-mongokwasendaweni.

Ukubuswa Nokuhlolwa Komphakathi Okuzimele

Ukuze wakhe ukwethembana, cabangela ukwakha indikimba ezimele yokuhlola izibalo ezizimele — kungaba phakathi kwekhomishane yezimiso zedolobha noma njengekomiti ezimele yokuqondisa izakhamuzi. Lendikimba kufanele ibe negunya lokuhlola imininingwane yedolobha, izisebenzi zokuxoxa nezokukhipha okutholwa umphakathi. Ukuhlolwa komphakathi, lapho izakhamuzi nabacwaningi behlola intuthuko ngokubambisana, kunganikeza khona ukulandisa okunamandla. Lezi zinqubo ziqinisekisa ukuthi idolobha alithathi thayi kalula futhi ukuthi imiphakathi ehloniphekile inezwi eliyikhonzile.

Isiphetho

Ukulawula ukuhlelwa kwezindawo zobuhlanga emadolobheni kungomunye wemisebenzi efuna kakhulu nelandelanayo kubaphathi bedolobha namuhla. Kudinga ukuqaphela okungokomlando, izimiso ezicacile, ukubambisana okujulile komphakathi, ukusetshenziswa kokwaziswa okuqinile, nokungaguquguquki. Akukho zindlela ezinqamulelayo, kodwa indlela ikhanyiswe kahle yizenzakalo zamadolobha aphayonayo ezibonise ukuthi ushintsho lwesimiso semisebenzi lungenzeka. Abaphathi bedolobha abamukela le mikhuba engcono kakhulu ngeke banciphise nje kuphela ukuhlukana kwezinhlanga kodwa futhi baqinise indwangu yezenhlalo kanye nokuqina kwezomnotho kwemiphakathi yabo. Umsebenzi unzima, udinga isikhathi eside, futhi udinga ukuthatha isinyathelo esilandelayo — noma ukujula — umkhuba wokulawula kwezendayo njengemisebenzi ephakathi yokubusa.