Umsuka Wokwenza Isinqumo Esihlanganyelwayo

Umlando wezindlela zokuvota uyisici esithakazelisayo esibonisa ukuziphendukela kwemiphakathi nezindinganiso zayo. Kusukela emikhubeni yasendulo kuya kubuchwepheshe banamuhla, indlela abantu abavota ngayo iye yashintsha ngokuphawulekayo phakathi namakhulu eminyaka. Ukuqonda lokhu kuqhubekeka kunikeza ukuqonda ngendlela izimiso zentando yeningi eziye zavumelana ngayo ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zabantu abayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ukuqamba akusona nje isenzo sobungcweti; kuyinkulumo eyinhloko yokuhlanganyela komphakathi okuye kwathonya inkambo yomlando wesintu.

Ngaphambi kokuba kube khona izimiso zokuvota ezingokomthetho, imiphakathi yabantu yakuqala yenza izinqumo ngokwakha izinqumo phakathi kwabadala besizwe noma amaqhawe. Lezizindlela ezivamile kancane kancane zathatha indawo yezindlela ezihlelwe kangcono njengoba impucuko ikhula ngobukhulu nangobunkimbinkimbi. Ukusuka ekubuseni kwe-autocracy ukuya ekumeleni ukubusa kuphawula enye yezenzakalo ezibaluleke kakhulu emlandweni wezombangazwe, okuhlanganisa ukuvota.

Izimiso zentando yeningi zanamuhla zinecala kulokhu kuhlola kokuqala ekwenzeni izinqumo. Inkathi ngayinye yanikela izinto ezintsha ezazithinta amaphutha ezinqubo zangaphambili, kusukela ekukhathazekeni ngokulunga nokubonakala kuya emibuzweni yokuthi ubani ofanelwe ukulawulwa. Uhambo olusuka emihlanganweni yasendulo ukuya kumasiteji okuvota lubonisa umzamo oqhubekayo wesintu wokulinganisela ukuphumelela, ukulondeka, nokunganaki.

Imikhuba Yasendulo Yokusakaza Izindaba

Ukuqamba kwaqala ukuvela emuva kwempucuko yasendulo, lapho umqondo wentando yeningi waqala khona ukumiswa. Isimiso sokuvota sakudala esaziwayo sasiseGrisi yasendulo, ikakhulukazi e-Athene, cishe ngekhulu lesihlanu BCE. Intando yeningi yase-Athens yavumela izakhamuzi zabesilisa ukuba zihlanganyele ngokuqondile ezinqumweni zomthetho-mthetho nezokuphatha, zimise isisekelo somqondo wentando yeningi waseNtshonalanga. Lesimiso, nakuba silinganiselwe ngezindinganiso zanamuhla, samelela ukwehlukana okukhulu nokubusa kwezikhulu.

Izakhamuzi zase-Athene zazihlangana njalo ePnyx, indawo yokuhlangana esegqumeni, ukuze zixoxe futhi zivote ezindabeni ezisukela emikhankasweni yezempi kuya emisebenzini yomphakathi. Umhlangano, owaziwa ngokuthi umSclesia, wawunegunya lokukhipha imithetho, ukumemezela impi, futhi wengamele ukuziphatha kwezikhulu zomphakathi. Loluhlobo oluqondile lwentando yeningi lwaludinga ukuba izakhamuzi zihlanganyele ngenkuthalo, ezazilindeleke ukuba zihileleke ezindabeni eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi zivote.

  • Izakhamuzi zahlanganyela ngokuqondile ekwenzeni izinqumo ngaphandle kokuxhumana. Wonke umuntu ofanelekayo wayenethuba lokukhuluma nokuvota enqubeni ngayinye, edala inqubo ethembiswe kakhulu kodwa ethatha isikhathi.
  • Ukuveza ngokubonisa Izandla: Indlela evamile esetshenziselwa ukuhlola umbono womphakathi ngokushesha. Isikhulu esiwengamele sasimane siqaphele inani lezandla eziphakanyisiwe futhi simemezele umphumela, nakuba lendlela yayingenawo amandla aqondile nayimfihlo.
  • SECREt Ballot: wangeniswa kamuva ukuze kuvikelwe umfihlo wovoti futhi kuncishiswe ukuphoqelelwa. E-Athene, amavoti okukhipha ikhambi asebenzisa amakhambi obumba abizwa ngokuthi i-ostraka, avumela izakhamuzi ukuba zibhale amagama angaziwa futhi zixoshe abantu ababhekwa njengabasongela umbuso.

I-Greece yasendulo yazama futhi ukukhetha ngokungakhethi amahhovisi athile omphakathi. Lendlela yayihloselwe ukusakaza amandla kakhulu phakathi kwezakhamuzi futhi inciphise ithonya lengcebo nosizo. Nakuba ingeyona indlela yokuvota ngomqondo ovamile, ukukhetha kwamaGreki kwabonisa ukuzinikela ekuhlanganyeleni komphakathi kabanzi.

Eminye imiphakathi yasendulo yasungula indlela yayo yokuvota eNdiya yasendulo, ama - republic amaMahajanapada asebenzisa ukuvota emihlanganweni yawo, nobufakazi obuthile obusikisela ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlamvu zemali.

Ithonya LamaRoma

IRome Republic yasungula izimiso zokuvota ezihlelwe kahle ezathonya ukubusa kwaseNtshonalanga amakhulu eminyaka. Izakhamuzi zazihlukaniswa zaba izigaba, futhi ukuvota kwakuqhutshwa emihlanganweni eyayibonisa isimo sobushiqela somphakathi wamaRoma. Isimiso samaRoma sabonisa indlela izimiso zokuvota ezazingaqinisa ngayo ukuhlelwa kwezenhlalo kuyilapho zisanikeza amathuba okuhlanganyela kwezombangazwe.

Umhlangano ngamunye wawusebenzisa izilinganiso zokuvota nezinqubo ezihlukahlukene, kwaqala isimiso esiyinkimbinkimbi esasihlanganisa izithakazelo zezinhlangano ezihlukahlukene zezenhlalo.

  • Umhlangano owenziwe ngokuqashelwa: izakhamuzi ezicebile zazinamandla evota kakhulu ngoba umhlangano wawuhlelwa amahlelo engcebo. Isigaba sokuqala, esibunjwe yizakhamuzi ezicebe kakhulu, singafinyelela iningi ngaphambi kokuba amahlelo ampofu avote. Lesimiso saqinisekisa ukuthi abanikazi bempahla bagcina ukulawula izinqumo eziyinhloko, ikakhulukazi ezihlobene nempi nentela.
  • [ Umhlangano ongakholeki: [uvunyelwe ukuba uhlanganyele kakhulu phakathi kwabantu ngokuhlela abavoti ngesizwe sendawo kunokuba bacebe. Lo hlelo lwanikeza ithonya elabahlala emaphandleni futhi lwanikeza isilinganiso esilinganayo soMhlangano ophakeme osuhlangene.

Izinqubo zokuvota zamaRoma zaziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ngesikhathi sazo. Izakhamuzi zazivota ezibhebheni zokhuni noma emabhodini ambozwe ngengcina, ziphawula ukukhetha kwazo futhi zikufaka kubhasikidi noma izitsha. Lendlela yanikeza isilinganiso esithile sobuso bomuntu futhi yanciphisa ikhono labaxhasi lokuhlola amavoti abathengi bazo, nakuba kwakungasenakwenzeka ngokuphelele ukuba bafihleke.

Isimiso samaRoma sasihlanganisa nokhetho lwezimantshi ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise nabameli, abaphethe, nabahlabeleli. Abathathi-nxaxheba bakhankasela ngamandla, besebenzisa izinkulumo zasobala, ukusakaza impahla, kanye nezinhlangano zomuntu siqu ukuze baqinisekise amavoti. Isimo sokuncintisana kokhetho lwamaRoma sakhuthaza impucuko yezombangazwe egcwele amandla, nakuba futhi yamema ukonakala nokuxhaphaza.

Ubudlova bezombangazwe baqala ngezikhathi ezithile phakathi nokhetho lwamaRoma, ikakhulukazi phakathi neRepublic yamuva lapho amaqembu encintisana kakhulu ngenxa yegunya. Ukuwohloka kobuqotho bokhetho kwaba nengxenye ekuweni ekugcineni kweRepublic, kunikeza isixwayiso ngokonakala kwezinhlangano zentando yeningi lapho ukuthembana kuncipha.

INkathi Ephakathi Nenkathi Yokuzitika

Igunya lezombangazwe laligxile ezandleni zabaphakeme nabefundisi. Umbono wokuhlanganyela emhlabeni wonke wathathelwa indawo imibuso yabaphathi lapho amalungelo nemithwalo yemfanelo kwakuhlobene khona nokuba nezindawo nesikhundla sezenhlalo.

Nakuba idemokrasi yebutho labantu yancipha, imiphakathi yasendulo yasungula ezinye izinhlobo zokwenza izinqumo. AmaMonasteris akhetha abaxhasi bawo ngezinqubo zobuthakathi zangasese ezazilondoloza imikhuba yasendulo yamaRoma. AmaGuilld namanxusa abathengisi basebenzisa ukuvota ukulawula ukuphikisana nokuxazulula izingxabano. Lezinhlangano ze-microdecratics zalondoloza isiko lokuvota ngisho nalapho izimiso zezombangazwe ezibanzi zalenqaba.

  • I-Suffget ediliziwe: Kuphela abanini-zindawo abanelungelo lokuvota ezindabeni eziningi zezwe. Isimiso sika "akukho ntela ngaphandle kokumelelwa" saqala ukuvela njengoba amakhosi ayefuna imvume ezincekwini zawo ngokuzibopha okusha, okuholela ekuthuthukiseni imihlangano yabameleli.
  • Izimiso zobuProtalia: Ime eNgilandi neMagna Carta ka-1215 kanye nentuthuko eyalandela yePhalamende. IPhalamende le-Modelferel lika-1295 lahlanganisa abameleli abavela emabalweni, emagatsheni, nabefundisi, bamisa isilinganisi sokubusa kwabameleli esasizosakazekela eYurophu.

Ekuqaleni, abanini-mhlaba abakhulu kuphela ababengavotela amaqhawe e-shire, kuyilapho abameleli bezikhulu babekhethwa abaphathi bendawo. Emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka, i-frankchise yanda kancane kancane, nakuba yaqhubeka ilinganiselwe kubanikazi bempahla kwaze kwaba yikhulu le - 19.

Izinhlangano zaseScandinavia zalondoloza amasiko aqinile okuhlanganyela komphakathi phakathi neNkathi Ephakathi. I-Althing, eyasungulwa ngo-930 CE, ingenye yezinhlangano ezindala kakhulu ezisasele zasephalamende. Abalimi abakhululekile, abaziwa ngokuthi ama-bændir, babehlanganyela emihlanganweni yaminyaka yonke lapho imithetho yayenziwa khona futhi kuxabana.

Izifunda zedolobha lase-Italy zangasekupheleni kweNkathi Ephakathi nazo zasungula izinhlobo zikahulumeni werepublic ezazihlanganisa ukuvota. UFlorence, iVenice, neGenoa zasebenzisa izimiso zokukhetha eziyinkimbinkimbi ukukhetha abaholi bazo, ngokuvamile zihlanganisa ukuvota okuhambisana nokuvota ukuze kuvinjelwe ukubusa kwezindawo. Lokhu kuhlola ukubusa kwasedolobheni kwakufanekisela amarepublic eNguquko ayezolandela.

Ukukhula Kwentando Yeningi Yanamuhla

Ukukhanyiselwa kwavusa imibono emisha mayelana nokubusa namalungelo abantu ngabanye, kuvulela indlela izimiso zanamuhla zentando yeningi. Izazi zefilosofi njengoJohn Locke, uJean-Jacques Rousseau, noMontesquieu zachaza izinkolelo zobukhosi obudumile, izivumelwano zezenhlalo, kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwemibuso eyayibekela inselele ilungelo laphezulu lamakhosi futhi iphikisa ukuthatha uhlangothi okubanzi kwezombangazwe.

IZinguquko zaseMelika neFrance zaguqula lemibono yefilosofi yaba ukubusa okuwusizo. UMthetho-sisekelo wase-United States wamisa idemokrasi elimelela idemokrasi ngokhetho oluvamile, kuyilapho iSimemezelo saseFrance samalungelo abantu nesaseSintu saqinisekisa isimiso sobukhosi obuthandwayo. Lezincwadi zakhuthaza izinhlangano zenguquko emhlabeni wonke, nakuba izithembiso zazo zokuqala zokufuna ukubuthwa kwendawo yonke zazingagcwaliseki.

  • Izinhlangano ezingavumelaniyo: zaqala ukwandisa amalungelo okuvota kuwo wonke amadoda kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yimpahla futhi ekugcineni kwabesifazane. Umzabalazo wokufuna indawo yonke waqala emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka, ngokuncishiswa ngakunye kwalabo abazuza ekungeneni ngokulinganiselwe ebhanseni.
  • Secret Ballot:[[FLT: 1]] wathathwa kabanzi ukuze avimbele ukuphoqelelwa kwevoti nokufumbathisa. I-colot yase-Australia, eyasungulwa ngawo-1850, yabeka isimiso sokuvota esiyimfihlo ngezincwadi zikahulumeni ezinyatheliswe nangamaloko okuvota. Lenguquko yanciphisa kakhulu ukuthenga nokusongela.

Ikhulu le-19 labhekana nochungechunge lokunwetshwa kwemibuso yentando yeningi eNtshonalanga. IReformacts eBrithani kancane kancane yandisa amalungelo okuvota emadodeni amaningi, kuyilapho iSichibiyelo sekhulu le-19 eUnited States saqinisekisa ukuthi abesifazane babenemvume yokuvota ngo-1920. INew Zealand yaba isizwe sokuqala esizihlohlolelayo ukuba sinikeze abesifazane amavoti ngo-1893, ibeka isibonelo esalandelwa amanye amazwe.

Izindlela zokuqamba zaqala futhi phakathi nalenkathi. Izincwadi zabekwa phansi, amagama anyathelisiwe ethathelwa indawo amathikithi abhalwe ngesandla alula ukukhwabanisa. Izikhulu zokhetho ezizimele eziphethe le nqubo. Ukusungulwa kwezimiso zokuvota kwasiza ekuvimbeleni ukuvota kanye nezinye izinhlobo zokusetshenziswa kwevoti.

Ukwanda kwempi kwabhekana nokuphikiswa okukhulu okuvela ezithakazelweni ezimisiwe. Izimfuneko zempahla, ukuhlola ukufunda nokubhala, intela yokuvota, nezinye izithiyo zasetshenziselwa ukuqeda izakhamuzi ezimpofu kanye nezinhlangano ezincane zezinhlanga. Izinhlangano zamalungelo omphakathi zekhulu lama-20 zasebenza ukuqeda lezi zithiyo, zifinyelele ukunqoba okuphawulekayo njengeVoting Rights Act ka-1965 eUnited States.

Izindlela Zokusakaza Ekhulwini Lama - 20

Njengoba umphakathi wanda futhi imibuso yentando yeningi yanda, isidingo sezimiso zokuvota eziphumelelayo, ezinembile nezilondekile saqala ukugcizelela. Ikhulu leminyaka laba noshintsho olusuka ezindleleni zezandla luya ezindleleni ezisetshenziswayo kuya ezindleleni ezisebenza ngokuqhubekayo, ngayinye inezinzuzo nezinselele zayo.

Ingxenye yokuqala yekhulu lama-20 yayithembele ngokuyinhloko emaphepheni amaphepha, ayebalwa ngesandla. Lendlela, nakuba yayilula futhi iqinisekiswa, yayithatha kancane futhi ithambekele emaphutheni abantu. Ngokuvamile okhetho oluseduze lwaludinga ukulandisa okungathatha amasonto ukuqeda, kuvivinywe ukubekezela nokwethemba umphakathi emiphumeleni.

  • Paper Solute: yaqala indlela ejwayelekile yokuvota, inikeza indlela elula nendlela yephepha yokuqinisekisa. Izigijimi zazama ngemiklamo ehlukile yebhola, kuhlanganise nekholithi yeqembu nebhola lebhayisikili le-ofisi, okungathonya izindlela zokuvota.
  • Imishini e-Electronic Votings: yenziwa ukuba ihlele inqubo yokuvota futhi inciphise amaphutha. Imishini yokuqala yokuvota isetshenziswa ngama- 1890 kodwa yathandwa phakathi nekhulu lama-20, yavumela abavoti ukuba badonsa izixhaka zokuvota eduze kwabakhethiwe namavoti aqoshiwe.
  • [[FLT: 0] Ambusae Voting:[ Izakhamuzi ezivunyelwe ukuvota kude, ukwandisa ukufinyelela kwalabo abangakwazi ukufika ezindaweni zokuvota ngosuku lokhetho. Izisebenzi zempi, izakhamuzi zaphesheya, nabantu abakhubazekile bazuza kakhulu kulokhu kusungula.

Izimiso zokuvota zamakhadi e-Punch, ezaziwayo e-United States phakathi nawo-1960 phakathi nawo-1990, zanikeza ukuvumelana phakathi kwama-collet amaphepha nemishini kagesi. Abavoter bafaka izimbobo emakhadini angamashumi asibhozo angaphambili, ngalesosikhathi abalwa ngemishini ehlobisayo. Impikiswano embi "kahle i-chad" phakathi nokhetho lukamongameli wase-U.S. yaqokomisa ukuguquguquka kwale mishini yobuchwepheshe futhi yakhuthaza ukuqhubekela phambili ezimisweni ezithembekile.

Izimiso zokuvota ze-optical zavela njenge-produced ukuba zithathe isikhundla samakhadi okubhaxa, zivumela abavoti ukuba baphawule amavoloti amaphepha abe efundwa ngabasebenzisi be-scanner. Lezi zimiso zihlanganisa ukuba yiqiniso kwamaphepha kanye nokusebenza kahle kokubala nge-electronic, kuwenze athandwe kakhulu ezindaweni eziningi.

Imishini yokuqopha ngokuqondile (i-DRE), eqophayo evota ngokuqondile engosini yamacomputer ngaphandle kwerekhodi lephepha, yasakazeka kakhulu ekuqaleni konyaka ka-2000. Ukukhathalela ukulondeka ngalezi zimiso kwaholela ekuqhushekeleni phambili emizileni yokuvota iphepha ekwazi ukuvota, iqinisekisa ukuthi amavoti kagesi angahlolwa futhi alandiswe uma kudingeka. Le ngxoxo yagcizelela ukuqina phakathi kokufuna nokuphepha kobuchwepheshe bokuvota.

Amaqumrhu asemhlabeni wonke anjenge Internationalter ye-Democracy and Electoral Anice (IDEA) ne I-Implate yokhetho [ inikeza imithombo yemisebenzi nemisebenzi emihle kakhulu yokuqondisa ukhetho emhlabeni wonke, isiza amazwe ukuba athuthukise izimiso zokuvota futhi afunde kokuhlangenwe nakho kwembulunga yonke.

Imikhuba Yokusakaza

Namuhla, imikhuba yokuvota iyaqhubeka ishintsha ngobuchwepheshe futhi ishintshe izinqubo zomphakathi. Imibuso emhlabeni wonke iye yasebenzisa izindlela ezihlukahlukene ekuqondiseni ukhetho, ibonisa umlando wayo oyingqayizivele, izimiso ezingokomthetho, namakhono obuchwepheshe. Izimiso zokuvota kumelwe zilingane ukutholakala, ukulondeka, ukunemba, nokuqiniseka komphakathi.

Ubhadane lwe-COVOVAD-19 lwandisa izinguquko ezisheshayo emikhubeni yokuvota, futhi kunezikhundla eziningi ezandisa ukuvota iposi nokukhetha kokhetho kwakuqala. Lezinguquko zabangela izimpikiswano ngokuphepha kokhetho nokungena komvoti eziqhubeka zihlela izingxoxo zezimiso. Ukwenzeka kwalo mqedazwe kwabonisa kokubili amandla nezinselele zezindlela zokuvota ezikude.

  • Ku-Online Voting: Ukuhlangana kwezinye izindawo, okwenza kube nokungenwa mvume nokuvuseleleka okukhulu. I-Estonia iye yaqala ukuvota ngo-inthanethi yomphakathi kusukela ngo 2005, i-46% yamavoti aphonswe ku-inthanethi yokhetho lwamuva. Amanye amazwe afunda i-Estonia ngesibonelo ngesikhathi akhuluma ngokuvota okukude.
  • Imithetho ye-Id Id: ephikisana emazweni amaningi ngokuphathelene nethonya lawo kumvoti. Abasekeli baphikisa ngokuthi i-ID yomvoti ivimbela ukukhohlisa kokuzenza imboni, kuyilapho abagxeki bephikisa ngokuthi imithetho enjalo ithinta ngokungenakulinganiswa inani ledlanzana, asebekhulile, nabavoti abaphansi. Inkulumo ibonisa ukungezwani okukhulu phakathi kwesivikelo sokhetho nokungena komvoti.
  • I-Choice Voting: izuza ukuthandwa njengokunye njengendlela yokuvota. Yaziwa nangokuvota okusheshayo, lendlela ivumela abavoti ukuba bahlele abavoti ngokulandelana kwentando. Uma kungekho mvoti othola iningi lamavoti okuqala, abavoti abaphansi kakhulu bayasuswa futhi amavoti abo abuye akhishwe kuze kuphume umnqobi.

Isikhulu sokuvota sikhuluma ngemingcele eminingana yokuvota, kuhlanganise nomphumela womonakalo nesidingo sokuvota okusemthethweni. Amadolobha anjengeSan Francisco, New York, neMinneapolis athathe ukuvota okusemthethweni kokhetho lwendawo, futhi uMaine no-Alaska bakusebenzisela ukukhetha okusemthethweni nombuso. Abaxhasi baphikisa ngokuthi kuveza imiphumela engcono emele futhi kunciphisa umkhankaso onzima.

Ukubhaliswa komvoti ngosuku olufanayo, ukubhaliswa kwevoti okuzenzekelayo, nokhetho oluphuma ngeposi kuphakathi kwezinye izinto ezintsha eziqalwa yizifunda ezihlukene. Lezimiso zihlose ukunciphisa izithiyo zokuhlanganyela nokukhuphula umvoti, okuhluka kakhulu emaqenjini nasemazweni endawo.

Ubuchwepheshe bebshchain buye bahlongozwa njengekhambi lokuvota okulondekile kuyi-intanethi, nakuba ukusetshenziswa kwayo kusalokhu kuhlola. Abasekeli baphikisa ngokuthi indalo evimbela ukubola nokungaguquguquki ingavimbela ukuphazamisa nokubona, kuyilapho abagxeki bakhomba ekuvimbeleni ukuvikelwa kwendlela nezinselele zokuqinisekisa endaweni yezobuchwepheshe.

I- Ingqungquthela yesizwe ye-Legislatures (NCSL) yezinyathelo zokulungisa ukukhethwa kulo lonke elase-United States, inikeza ukwaziswa okuningiliziwe ngezinguquko zenqubo nemiphumela yayo. Ngokufanayo, i-[FLT] Internationalpotement for Electoral Systems [FLT]) isekela ukuthembeka kokhetho nemizamo yokuguqula imbulunga yonke, inikeza usizo lobuchwepheshe nokucwaninga.

Ikusasa Lokufudumala

Njengoba sibheka esikhathini esizayo, ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kwezindlela zokuvota cishe kuyoqhubeka kubonisa ushintsho kwezobuchwepheshe, emasikweni, nasezindaweni zezombangazwe.

Inguquko yezibalo, kuhlanganise nokuguga kwabantu emazweni athuthukile kanye nezokuhamba kwentsha ngenxa yesenzo sesimo sezulu nobulungisa bezenhlalo, kushintsha isimo sokhetho nezinto eziza kuqala. Izimiso zokuvota kumelwe zivumelane nokusiza abantu abahlukene ngokushintshashintshashintsha kwezidingo namathemba ngolwazi lokuvota.

  • Usetshenziswa okukhulisweyo kobuxhakaxhaka bezobuchwepheshe: Iziphakamiso zingabuye zishintshe indlela amavoti afakwa ngayo futhi abalwe ngayo. Ukuhlakanipha kokwenziwa kungathuthukisa umklamo nokuthola, kuyilapho ukuqinisekiswa kwe-biometric kungathuthukisa ukulondeka. Nokho, amakhambi obuchwepheshe kumelwe ahlolwe ngokucophelela ukuze kuvinjelwe ukungenisa ama-vralitura amasha noma ukudala isithiyo ukuze kungene.
  • Focus on Accompive: Inkomba yazo zonke izakhamuzi zingahlanganyela enqubweni yokukhetha ihlala iyinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Lokhu kuhlanganisa unikezelo olungokoqobo ezindaweni zokuhlola, usizo lolimi lwabavoti abakwazi ukuqasha amaNgisi alinganiselwe, nezindawo zokuhlala zabavoti abakhubazekile. Izimiso zokuklama zendawo yonke zisetshenziswa kakhulu ezintweni zokukhetha nezimiso zokuvota.
  • I-Drends yomhlaba wonke:[ Ukuqaphela indlela izizwe ezihlukene ezishintsha ngayo izindlela zazo zokuvota kunikeza izifundo eziwusizo. Amazwe anjengeNdiya aye athatha ukuvota ngezindlela zokuhlola amaphepha ngesilinganiso esikhulu, kuyilapho amanye efuna ukuvota okuhambayo kwezakhamuzi zaphesheya. Ukubambisana kwezizwe ngezizwe ngomgaqo wokhetho nezenzo ezinhle kuyaqhubeka kwanda.

Inselele yokungaqondi kahle nenkulumo exoxiwe imelela usongo olukhulayo lobuqotho bokhetho. Iziteshi zezenhlalo nabadlali bangaphandle baye basebenzisa kabi izinqubo zentando yeningi ngokusakaza ukwaziswa okungamanga ngabazovota, izinqubo zokuvota, nemiphumelo yokukhetha. Ukulwa nalolu songo kudinga imizamo ehlangene yezikhulu zokhetho, izinkampani zobuchwepheshe, izinhlangano zomphakathi, kanye nezakhamuzi ngokwazo.

Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kungathinta nezindlela zokuvota. Izenzakalo zezulu ezingathi sína zingaphazamisa imisebenzi yokuvota indawo, ukulimala kwemishini yokuvota, nokukhipha indawo. Amanye ama-oventi aqala ukuzimisela ukuqinisekisa ukuthi okhetho lungaqhubeka ngokuphephile ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima, kuhlanganise nokuvota ngokushesha kanye nokukhetha iposi.

Impikiswano phakathi kokusiza nokuphepha cishe iyokhula njengoba intuthuko yobuchwepheshe iqhubeka. Nakuba abavoti belindela amakhambi emisebenzi yansuku zonke, izikhulu zokhetho kumelwe ziqinisekise ukuthi izimiso zokuvota ziyakwazi ukumelana nokuhlaselwa kweze-inthanethi nokuhluleka kwezobuchwepheshe. Ukulinganisela kahle phakathi kokutholakala nokulondeka kudinga ukuxoxa okuqhubekayo phakathi kwababheki bezingozi nokuzihlola ngokucophelela.

Ukwethenjwa komphakathi emiphumeleni yokukhetha kusekelwe ekubusweni kwentando yeningi. Ngisho nesimiso sokuvota esihlelwe kahle kakhulu siyohluleka uma izakhamuzi zingakholelwa ukuthi imiphumela inembile futhi ilungile. Ukwakha nokulondoloza lokhu kuthemba kudinga ukuba sobala, ukuqondisa okuzimele, ukuhlolwa okuqinile, ukuhlelwa kwenqubo yokuhlola, nokuxhumana okuphumelelayo nomphakathi mayelana nendlela okhethwe ngayo.

Isiphetho

Ukuqonda lomlando kubalulekile ekuqondeni ukuyinkimbinkimbi kwezimiso zokuvota zanamuhla nokwenza izinqumo ezicatshangelwe kahle ngezinguquko zesikhathi esizayo. Isizukulwane ngasinye siye sabhekana nezinselele eziyingqayizivele ekuklameni izindlela zokuvota ezisiza izidingo zomphakathi waso kuyilapho sisekela izimiso eziyisisekelo zentando yeningi.

Uhambo olusuka emihlanganweni yasendulo yamaGreki ukuya ezindaweni zokuvota zemishini yezobuchwepheshe lwembula intuthuko nokungavumelani okuphikelelayo. Imibuzo ephathelene nokuthi ubani okufanele avote, indlela amavoti okufanele aqhutshwe ngayo, nokuthi imiphumela kufanele iqhutshwe kanjani iqhubeke ivusa impikiswano futhi iqhubekisela phambili. Lemibuzo ayiyona nje into eyinkimbinkimbi; ibonisa izindinganiso ezijulile ngokungakhethi, ukulingana, nesimo sezakhamuzi zentando yeningi.

Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka futhi izinhlangano zishintsha, izindlela abantu abavota ngazo ziyaqhubeka zishintsha. Injongo eyinhloko yokuvota ayiguquguquki: ukunika izakhamuzi izwi ekubuseni kwazo futhi yenza abaholi balandise kubantu abakhonzayo. Ukuvikela lelilungelo eliyisisekelo kudinga ukuqapha, ukuvumelana nezimo, kanye nokuzinikela ezimisweni zentando yeningi ezidlula noma iyiphi indlela yokuvota.

Izakhamuzi, izikhulu zokhetho, nabenzi bezimiso bonke banendima okumelwe bayifeze ekulolongeni ikusasa lokuhlanganyela kwentando yeningi. Ukuhlala wazi ngezindlela zokuvota nokusekela izinguquko ezithuthukisa ukulondeka, ukutholakala, nokuqiniseka komphakathi kubalulekile ekulondolozeni izinhlangano zentando yeningi ezinempilo. Umlando wokuvota uyindaba yokuthuthukisa okuqhubekayo, futhi leyo ndaba ayiphelele.