Ukubukeka Kwezenhlalo Nezombangazwe Ekusungulweni Kweqembu

I-Ulster Unionist Party (UUP) yavela ekuqaleni konyaka ka-1900 emzabalazweni we-Union owahlanganisa i-Irish Home Relance. I-Irish Unionism, eyamiswa ngawo-1880, yanikeza indawo yokuqala yalabo ababefisa ukugcina ukuhlangana kwemithetho phakathi kweGreat Britain ne-Ireland. Nokho, inkinga ngeSithathu Samakhaya Bill (1912-1914) waveza i-Ulster -centricism. Yaqondiswa ngu-Edwa ngu-Edward Carson noJames Craig, i-Ulty yahlela amandla e-atypowerty (Implection Courtive) nohulumeni owesivumelwano, ebonisa ukuzimisela kwabo ukumelana nokubusa kwe-Dublin ngamandla uma kudingekile. Le mpi yaguqula i-Uupgrade yabumba i-Uuptic njengelungu lokuqala ne-ukudel.

Lapho i-Government of Ireland Act ka-1920 ihlukanisa isiqhingi futhi yadala i-Northern Ireland njengenhlangano ezenzelayo phakathi kwe-UK, i-UUP yaba iqembu elingokwemvelo likahulumeni. Kwengxenye elandelayo ye-century, yabamba amandla ngokuqhubekayo `a decorio deparling stance statenting's ezindaweni eziyisithupha eziphakathi kwe-Ireland esenyakatho mpumalanga. Kule nkathi, imithetho yeqembu yachazwa ngemiyalo emithathu: ukulondoloza ukuhlangana kwemithetho-Ulster no-British, ukuvikela iningi elihlala njalo ngomthetho ngomgunyazo owe-injiniyela, futhi lapho kudingeka, i-gerrymanndering, futhi imelana nanoma isiphi imvume yokushisekela ubuzwe base-Ireland. Iqembu lahlola futhi amaphoyisa (i-Royal Ulstertacylay) kanye ne-i-ustoverse, i-Ussionerlay Union, ayelawula i-Union.

IUUP yakuqala yathuthukisa isivumelwano esiseduze ne-Orange Order, inhlangano yamaProthestani. Imihlangano yaminyaka yonke yaleliqembu yayivame ukunanela i-lange courity, futhi abaholi beqembu abaningi babebakhulu kunabo bonke abaholi beqembu. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kwezombangazwe nenkolo kwakusho ukuthi i-UUP yayiyisimiso, amashumi eminyaka, esingahlukani nesisekelo sokukhushulelwa kwamaProthestani. Izinhlangano zamaKatolika nezobuzwe zazingasatholakali futhi ezimweni eziningi, zisuka ekutholeni indawo yokuhlala, imisebenzi, nezinkonzo zomphakathi.

Ama - Cris aseCentury Nokufuna Ukuhlala Uqinile

Ngawo-1950, ukulawula kwe-UUP amandla abonakala kungenakuphikwa, kodwa izingxabano eziyisisekelo zezenhlalo zazikhula. Umholi weqembu ngaphansi kukaBasil Brooke (Nkosi Brookeugh) walondoloza isimiso sokuhlangana okungaguquguquki, ukuxoshwa kwezikhalo zesizwe. Nokho, ukuchuma kwezomnotho kwangemva kwempi kwaqala ukuqeda izimboni ezingokwesiko njengezemikhumbi nezendwangu, okuphoqelela ukuba iqembu licabangele ukukhuphuka kwezomnotho. Ukwakhiwa kweNyakatho ye-Ireland Development Council ngo-1955, kanye nemizamo yokuheka ukutshala ukutshala izimali zakwamanye amazwe eUnited States, futhi ikakhulukazi kushintshela ekuthuthukiseni izomnotho kwesimanje. Nokho, izimiso zezenhlalo zeqembu lamaKatolika zahlala ziqinile, ngokucungaqinile, nangemithetho eqinile nemithetho yokuhlola isonto eliseduze nezimfundiso zezenhlalo zezezenkolo esaba ukuvimbela isehlukaniso, inqubo yenkolo ehambisana neyo kakade ehlanganisa iUK.

Iminyaka yango-1960 yaletha ukuguqulwa kobuningi bezentengiselwano bezentengiselwano zezezimali ze-Trefere O’Neill (1963-1969). O’Neill waqaphela ukuthi ukusinda isikhathi eside kwe-UUP kwadinga ukufinyelela umholi wesizwe wesizwe nowe-we-astering Northern Ireland. Wasungula uhlelo lwezezomnotho, wathuthukisa ukubambisana okunganqamukiyo neRepublic of Ireland, futhi wahlangana ngokungokomfanekiso neTaoisthethelelanithe Seán Lemasss ngo-19659, futhi kwadingeka ukuba kususwe izimpawu ze-Mbali we-UProvinion Union. O’Neill wazama futhi ukulungisa uhulumeni wendawo nezindawo zokuxoxa ngezikhalo ukuthi i-Novalgavial Rights Association i-Union Union (ist Union) njengoba iveza ukuvikelwa kweNU.

Phakathi neminyaka yokuqala yeZinkathazo, i-UUP yabanjwa phakathi kukahulumeni waseBrithani ozimisele ukubeka ukulondeka nokuguqulwa kwezombangazwe nesisekelo sobunye obufuna ukusabela okuqinile e-Irish Republican Army (IRA). Ukubekwa kwe-Drective Prefective Army eLondon ngo-1979 kwakuyihlazo elijulile eqenjini, ukulisusa kuhulumeni onciphileyo owawuwusekelele. Inqubo ka-UP yayidipotekile. Ukusabela kwenqubo ye-UP kwakuphambene: yalahla iBrithani “ukusebenzisa impoqo” kuyilapho futhi ingenza ucwaningo lwamandla, kuhlanganise nomthetho omfushane we Suningingdaleave Advementation Reavelvelvelves (ukuhlola i-uniommin) ngo-umperence, okwadala umbutho wombusa wase-Ireland, kwabhujiswa yi-umpempela, ngenxa yokuzinyaza ingxenye yayo, i-Uultralton ngenkathi ewudinga ukuhola.

Ukuhamba Isikhathi Eside Kuya Esivumelwaneni Esihle SangoLwesihlanu

Ngawo-1980 nasekuqaleni kwawo-1990 kwakuyinkathi yokuhlela kabusha okukhethekile kwe-UUP. Ngaphansi kobuholi bukaJames Molyneaux (1979-19995), leliqembu lamukela inkambiso “yokuhlangana kwe-Interern Ireland”. Ngokusho ukuthi i-Australia yase-Australia kufanele ihlanganiswe ngokugcwele ne-UK, ngaphandle kohulumeni ohlukene. Lokhu kuveza ukudideka ngokunciphikiswa nokufisa ukugwema noma yisiphi isigungu neRepublic. Nokho, i-Anglo-Irish Revention ka 1985, eyanika i-Dublin indima yokuhlola i-intenest yezindaba ze-Ireland, i-Srinoris Union neUP ephoqelela ukuba kuthathwe kabusha. Iqembu elihleli ukubhikisha nomfana wephalamenti kodwa lafinyelela kancane. Isivumelwano salo wabonisa ukuthi uhulumeni waseBrithani uhulumeni ulwenzele ukulwa kwempimpi ne-bupolitiki ehlangene.

Ukhetho lukaDavid Trimble njengomholi weqembu ngo-1995 lwaphawula ukushintshela okuwujuqu ekuthatheni i-pragmatic. U-Trime, owayenguprofesa womthetho, waqaphela ukuthi ukuthambekela kokuzalana kwabantu kanye nokushintsha kwezindawo zezombangazwe kwenza ukuba i-Unionism ikwazi ukubusa ngokuqhubekayo. Waqonda futhi ukuthi inqubo yokuthula, eyasungulwa nguJohn Hume we-SDLP futhi yasekelwa ohulumeni baseBrithani no-Irland, yanikeza ithuba elingcono kakhulu lokuhlala ngokuzinzile (*) lapho i-UPUP) ihlala ihlangene ngesikhathi ihlangene neziboshwa i-Northern, iziboshwa ze-Drible zazingasangene impikiswano enkulu. Wayiqhubela emkhankanyeni ka-Trive (Eya) ngo-Tregover Agree) ngo-1998, naphezu kokuphikiswa okukhulu kobudlova obuphakathi kwezwezwezwe lonke. I-GFUPU enikeza umbazambuyaluya eM.

Ukusekela kweqembu le-GFA kwasheshiswa. Okokuqala, i-UUP yasamukela ngokomthetho isimiso sokuvuma − ukuthi isikhundla se-Northern Ireland sasingashintsha kuphela ngokuvota kwentando yeningi − futhi yazibophezela kuhulumeni ohlanganisa ubuzwe nabashisekeli be-republic. Lokhu kwasho ukushiya okuyisisekelo kokugcizelela komlando kobuKhomanisi obuhlala njalo. UTrimeble waba yiNgqongqoshe Yokuqala kumphathi omusha ophethe amandla, indima ayithatha ngokulandelana njengoba izinhlangano zezombangazwe zazingasathola inhlekelele enhlekeleleni yokudayisa e-IRA, ePolicition, nejubane lokuthatha i-dentia.

Ukuncipha Okukhulu Kobuhlanya Nokwehla Kwe - Uup

Inkathi yangemva kwe-GFA yayisiyindida, inkathi yokuncipha kwe-UUP. Leliqembu ladedela abasekeli balo abaqinile kakhulu be-Democratic Union Paquiy (Dup) ngaphansi kwe-Ian Paisley. Kukhetho loMhlangano ka 2003, i-DuP yathatha i-UUP okokuqala, futhi ngo- 2007, i-DuP yaba i-Dupe yaba umbutho ophethe i-UP. i-UP yakwazi ukulinganisela, nakuba idingekile enqubweni yokuthula, yalahlekelwa ukusekela kwe-vota yenhlangano eyabona ukuthi leliqembu lavuma kakhulu. UPUP yathatha umqondo wokuthi “ukuthula kwase kusele kanye” enkolweni ye-nyunyana.

Ngaphansi kwesigaba esinjenge-Reg Empey, uTom Elliott, Mike Nesbitt, noRobin Swann, i-UUP yalwa kanzima ukuzehlukanisa ne-Dup kuyilapho ilondoloza isimo sayo sepesenti. Leliqembu lathatha isimiso sokuhlanganisa “ukuqinisekisa” nenqubo yokuthula, lisekela izinhlangano lapho zisebenza kodwa ziphikisa lokho ezazikubona njengenzuzo yezempunga. Ezimpikiswaneni zezenhlalo, i-UUUUP kancane kancane kancane yazibandakanya kakhulu ne-UK Contatismusm, isekela ukuhlangana komphakathi ekuqaleni kodwa kamuva kwaqala ukuhlanganisa umshado ofanayo womphakathi njengombono womphakathi. Ngo-2020, iqembu laqeda ngokusemthethweni ukuphikisa kwalo umshado ofanayo, libonisa ukuqhubekela kwalo ekuhlanganeni okukhululekileyo, okuhlangene kwanamuhla.

I-Brequit itheaterendum ka-2016 yaphakamisa inselele entsha ekhona. I-UP, njenge-Dup, yakhankasela ukuhlala e-European Union, kodwa ivoti ye-UK-onke ukuze iphinde ivuse umbuzo womngcele. Iqembu lamelana ne-Northern Ireland Protocol, eyadala amasiko nomngcele owenziwe kabusha e-Irish Sea, yaphikisa ukuthi yawululaza i-UP. Nokho, i-UP yathatha indlela encane yokulwa no-DUP, inxusa uhulumeni waseBrithani ukuba uxoxe ngentuthuko kunokuba uwise izinhlangano zamandla. Iqembu le-Presspost-Britit lagcizelela isimiso somthetho sokumisa “injini ye-Brexit" ngenxa yemiphakathi kwe-Nyakatho ye-Ireland, i-miphakathi kwe-Drillian ehlangene, i-iphana i-imen ewusizo ekulondolozeni ukuthula.

Umthetho Wezomnotho Nezenhlalo Ekhulwini Lama - 21

Emashumini amabili eminyaka adlule, i-UUP iye yamisa iqophelo lesimiso elizama ukuhlanganisa ukuhlangana kwenyunyana ngokulinganisela, ngokuhambelana nezimiso ezingcono zomphakathi nezomnotho. Ezomnotho, idili lisekela intela ephansi yebhizinisi, izakhiwo ezithuthukisiwe, nokutshala izimali ezisemqoka nakusungulwa kwezomnotho. Iye yasekela ukuncintisana kwezomnotho kwezeNyakatho ye-UK echumayo engenza ukuba kube nesidingo sokutshala imali eqondile kwamanye amazwe, ikakhulukazi e-US nase-Asia. Iqembu liye lasekela futhi i- “Union parandromentine"" sholo ukuthi inzuzo ye-Nyakatho ye-UK i-fical .[11]

Impilo nemfundo ziyizici eziyinhloko eziphambili ekhaya. I-UUP iye yasekela ngokungaguquki isimiso senkonzo yempilo yendawo yonke, ngaphandle kwesizathu sokusebenza, kodwa iye yasekela ukuphumelela okukhulu, inciphisa izinhlu zokulinda, nokuhlanganiswa okungcono phakathi kwempilo nokunakekela komphakathi. Emfundweni, leliqembu livikela ilungelo labazali lokukhetha imfundo yemfundo (isimiso semfundo semfundo yemfundo engu - 11-plugint), isimiso esisihlukanisa neSin Féin ne-SDLP, ethanda imfundo ebanzi. Iqembu lisekela futhi intuthuko yemfundo ehlanganisa futhi yabelanayo eletha ubuProthestani nabantwana abangamaKatolika ndawonye, ebonisa ukuzimisela kwalo ukubuyisana ngaphandle kokususa isimiso sesikole esikhona.

Ezindabeni zezenhlalo, i-UUP iye yaqala ukuvela kancane kancane. Isekela ukuvunyelwa komthetho wokukhipha izisu ngo-2019-2020, nakuba ingezwani ngaphakathi, futhi manje isekela ngokomthetho wamanje ovumela ukukhishwa kwesisu ezimweni zokungahleleki okubulalayo kanye nezingozi ezingathi sína empilweni kamama. Ukuma kwalo mkhosi ekuzibonakaliseni komuntu siqu kanye nomthetho olinganayo kuye kwashintsha; manje kusekela isivikelo esingokomthetho ekucwaseni ngocalulo olusekelwe ekubusweni kwenkanuko yobulili nasobulilini, nakuba kuneziphakamiso eziyisisekelo zezelelwe “isikole zezempi ezibulalayo” zeLGBT + abafundi nezindlela ezithile ezisekela ubulili obubhekwa njengezibalulekile. Le nguquko ibonakalisa futhi umzamo womphakathi wokunxusa, kuhlanganise nabesifazane abancane, kuyilapho isekela ukuhlanganiswa kwayo.

Impilo Yobumbano Nombono Womthetho - sisekelo We - UP

I-UUP iwumkhakha oyinhloko we-UUP uyaqhubeka uyisivikelo se-Union, kodwa leliqembu manje lichaza lokhu ngezindlela ezingcono nezihlanganisayo kunangaphambili. Kunokuba limelane nobunye base-Ireland, i-UUP ikhuthaza umbono wobunyunyana obuthi buhlangane obungahlanganiswe, ithuba lezomnotho, nobuzwe baseBrithani. Iqembu liphikisa ukuthi i-Union cishe ingaphezu kokubusa kakhulu kwezempucuko, amasiko angokomthetho, kanye nokungena endaweni enkulu yomphakathi. “Le Nhlangano yenkolo yenkolo” ifuna ukukhanga labo abangase babe abamaProthestani noma ababhishobhishobhineli ngenkululeko kodwa abawazisa ukuhlangana kweBrithani ngenxa yokuhlobana okuwusizo noma okungokomzwelo.

Leliqembu futhi kuye kwadingeka lisabele ekushintsheni kwenani labantu eNyakatho Ireland. Ukubalwa kwabantu ngo-2021 kwabonisa ukuthi inani labantu abangamaKatolika manje lidlula kancane inani lomphakathi wamaProthestani, ukushintshwa okungokomlando. Ukusabela kuka-UUP bekuwukuphikisa ukuthi i-Union akufanele ibe yiprojekthi engokwenkolo kodwa ibe yiyo engokwezombangazwe: abantu banoma isiphi isizinda bangasekela i-Union njengendaba yokuzikhethela nesithakazelo. Iqembu liye lamisa ngentshiseko abavoti abangamaKatolika ukuba bame eWestmannstern kunyulo olungu 2024 futhi liveze iziqinisekiso zalo eziyinhloko. Nakuba lelicebo linempumelelo elinganiselwe, limelela ukuhoxa eliphawulekayo ekuthatheni isiqalo seqembu elithakazelayo.

Isihluthulelo sama-Shifts Kumthetho OyiUP: Imfishane

  • Eyona nkathi yangaphambili yawo 1900 (Isusa idili): ukuzivikela kombuso wempi; ukuphikisa ukuBusa Kwasekhaya; ukuthembela ku-Orange Order naku-amasosha athembekile; ukunakekelwa kokulawula kwezombangazwe nezomnotho.
  • [1920s\1960s (Izwe elilodwa lesigaba): ukubusa kokhetho ngokulawula ngokulawula; ubandlululo ezindlini nasemsebenzini; ukuhleleka ne-Orange Order; ukucindezelwa kokungavumelani kwesizwe; imizamo yangaphakathi yokutshala imali ngaphansi kwe-O’Neill.
  • [1968-1988 (Inqubo yokuthula): ihlukana ngaphakathi ngenxa yezinguquko; ukuhlanganyela eSunningdale; isigaba sokuhlanganisa; ekugcineni ukuthatha i-Good Wear Agument; ukwamukelwa kwamandla alawulayo nesimiso.
  • (1998-2020 (Isikhathi se-Post-GFA): ukusekela izinhlangano ezidaliweyo naphezu kwezinkinga; ukuncipha kwe-Dup; ukukhululeka komphakathi; ukuziphendukela kwenhlanganiselo yenhlangano yomphakathi; ukuphikisa i-Protocol kodwa ukuthembisana kwe-Pragma.
  • 20-20presenter (Ushintsho lwe-Brexit nohlobo lwe-Demographic): umkhankaso wokuguqula inqubo yesivumelwano; ukugcizelela ukuhlanganiswa okungahlangani, okungewona amahlelo; ukusekela ukuhlala emakethe ye-UK eyodwa ehleliwe; ukusetshenziswa kwamanje ezindabeni zezenhlalo nezenani.

Isiphetho: Ifilosofi Ehlala Njalo Kodwa Eguquliwe

I-Ulster Unionsist Party iye yathatha ikhulu leminyaka loshintsho olukhulu , kusukela ekucindezelekeni kokuhlukanisa, phakathi namashumi eminyaka okubusa kwamahlelo, ubudlova beziNkingo, ukuyekethisa kokuthula, nokungaqiniseki kweBrexit. Izimiso zayo ziye zasuka ekuvikeleni, ekuhlanganeni okukhethekile, ekubuseni, nasekusebenziseni inguquko elinganiselwe, nasekusebenziseni inqubo eqinile, ngisho noma iqembu selilahlekelwe kakhulu inguquko yalo yangaphambili. I-UP namuhla iyiqembu elivikela i-Bomnonion kodwa elisekela ngolimi lwezindinganiso zomphakathi, intengoko yangempela, nokubuyisana. Isekela izinhlangano ze-Frever Reconst Reance, ngisho nanjengoba ingekho inselele impondo engcono kakhulu, futhi ifuna ukunikeza umphakathi oqiniseke kakhulu ngokuncipheka kwe-Irland ngaphandle kokwesaba lelishwa. Uma i-Sinverne ingeyena, ihluleka ukuveza inguquko engcono kakhulu kunale, ihluleka kakhulu, futhi inguquko ewufuna ukudlula inguquko embuthobayo.

Ishumi leminyaka elizayo lizohlola ukusebenza kwe-UUP. Ngandlela-nye kuyodinga umyalezo oshukumisayo owenzelwa intsha, abavoti bezwe endaweni lapho isibopho sawo somthetho sisoketshezi. Kumelwe isebenzise i-micwana ye-past-Brhitit, ithuba lokuhlola i-gasme, nezinselele eziqhubekayo zokuhlukanisa amahlelo. Uma i-UUP ingaqhubeka nokuguqula u-"v"'uning'emva wayo ngesikhathi esidlule ibambelele ekuzibopheni kwayo okuyisisekelo komthetho we-oral'ultray'ult: "Ingase ikhiphe indawo njengeqembu le-boomfation, i-oceocerce ye-oce ye-ocerce ezindaweni ezingcono ze-ocessssss, kodwa ibhekene ngokulinganayo inseleleka kakhulu inselelene ye-inse ye-inse ye-i-Estrinth1 ye-Estland, i-Foffa ezindaweni ezingaphandle zezezezezezezezezinye izifundayokuhloke kakhulu zezezezinye izifunda