Ukwazi ukufunda nokubhala sekuyikhono elibalulekile lokusinda endaweni yolwazi yanamuhla. Njengoba kunenqwaba yezinto ezikhona ezigeleza ngemishini, ikhono lokuhlola imithombo, ukuqonda izinqubo zokuhlelwa kwezakhiwo, nokuhlanganyela ngokunenjongo ekuphileni komphakathi akuseyona into edingekayo ngokuzikhethela, kodwa kuyimfuneko yentando yeningi. Othisha, abenzi bezimiso, nabaholi bomphakathi bahlanganyela umthwalo wemfanelo wokulungiselela abantu ukuba basebenzise le nqubo eyinkimbinkimbi. Uma abafundi beshiya isikole behlome ngokufunda ngemfundo yomphakathi, bayakwazi kangcono ukuzwa ukuqashela amasu, bahileleke empilweni ehlukahlukeneyo yemiphakathi yabo. Lesi sihloko sihlola lokho ukufunda okuhlanganisa izakhamuzi, ukuthi kungani kubalulekile, futhi ukuthi kufundisa kanjani, ukwenza amasu akhona angempela angavumelana nganoma iliphi ikilasi noma ihlelo lokufunda ngokwethukela.

Kuyini Ukufunda Nokubhala?

Ekujuleni kwayo, ukufunda nokubhala komphakathi kuyinhlanganisela yolwazi, amakhono, nemibono eyenza umuntu akwazi ukuhlanganyela ngokukhayo ekuphileni komphakathi. Kudlulela ngalé kokubamba ngekhanda amagatsha amathathu kahulumeni noma iSipho samalungelo abantu. Ukufunda kweqiniso kwamphakathi kuhlanganisa ukuqonda ukuthi amandla asebenza kanjani endaweni, kuhulumeni, nakuhulumeni; indlela isimiso somphakathi esilolongwa ngayo ngemithetho, imithetho, nemithetho yasenkantolo; nendlela abantu namaqembu abangathonya ngayo lezo zinqubo. Kudinga futhi ukucatshangelwa okugxekayo ngokwaziswa, lapho kuvela khona, lapho kusiza khona, futhi kusekela ubufakazi.

Kusukela enkathini ye-minucs, ukufunda nokubhala kuhambisana kakhulu nokufunda imithombo yezindaba nokufunda. Umuntu ofundile angabona umthombo wezindaba othembekile, aqaphele ubandlululo nenkulumo exoxiwe, futhi aqonde indima yemithetho elawula lokho akubonayo kuyi-intanethi. Bayazi ukuthi ukubheka amaqiniso kuyini, ukufuna imithombo eyisisekelo, nokuhlanganyela enkulumweni yomphakathi ngaphandle kokuhlasela okungagunyazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufunda komphakathi kuhlanganisa ukuqaphela amalungelo omuntu siqu nemithwalo yemfanelo, ukuqaphela ukuthi uzokhuluma nini, ukuthi ungavota kanjani, ungathinta kanjani, uma uthintana nabameleli, nokuthi ungahlela kanjani nabanye abantu ukuze wenze izenzo ezihlangene.

Lo mbono uye wavela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 leminyaka, imfundo yomphakathi yagxila kakhulu emasikweni okushisekela izwe nasekufundeni ngekhanda izakhiwo zikahulumeni. Namuhla, i-Santford History Education Group iye yabonisa ukuthi ngisho nabafundi basekolishi baye bazama ukuhlukanisa izindaba zangempela nemfundo exhaswe noma inkulumo - ze. Lokhu kuqokomisa isidingo sendlela eqinile, esekelwe engcono. Carnegie Corporation[ Sekukudala besekela ukufunda komphakathi njengengxenye eyisisekelo yemfundo yemfundo, iwuhlanganisa nemiphumela yezemfundo engcono nenciphe.

Okwenza Ukufunda Nokubhala Kubaluleke Kakhulu Manje Kunanini Ngaphambili

Izimo eziningana zokuhlanganisa ziye zaphakamisa ulwazi lwezemfundo efundeka emphakathini kusukela endaweni ephambili. Okokuqala, ukuhlukana kwemithombo yezindaba kusho ukuthi izakhamuzi zichayeke kakhulu ekwazisweni okuqinisa izinkolelo zazo ezikhona", ukusungula amagumbi okunanela okunzima ukugqashuka. Okwesibili, imikhankaso engekho mthethweni kanye nezindlela zokuchaza ulwazi iye yaba yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ngokuvamile ngokusebenzisa izintambo ezijulile, izinti, nezimbangela ezingokomzwelo zokwenaba ukusakazeka kwamanga ngokwesilinganiso. Okwesithathu, umvoti uphendukela phakathi kwabantu abasha uhlala uphikisana, naphezu kwamazinga aphakeme esithakazelo ezindabeni zomphakathi. Ngaphandle kwesisekelo esiqinile sokuhileleka ekwazini ukwaziswa nasemihlanganweni, ngisho nabantu abashukumiselekayo ukuba bahluze amandla noma baphambuke.

Ukuhlaziywa kwemisebe kuphakamisa enye inselele. Inani labantu abafundile lihlonyiswe kangcono ukuba lingavumelani ngenhlonipho futhi lifune isisekelo esifanayo. Uma abantu beqonda imithetho yokucabangela kwentando yeningi [1] njengokuhlukaniswa kwemibuso, ukuhlola nokulinganisela, nendima ye-mependishi yamahhala , futhi abanamathuba amancane okuwela ezingibeni zemibono yozungu noma ukubiza ubudlova. Ngokuhlukile, ukuntula ulwazi lwesizwe okungavumelani nezimiso zentando yeningi kanye nokungakholeki kakhulu ekufuneni impoqo yempoqo. [[FLT: 0] Isikhungo sika-Prognbergial Policy Center siphawule ukuthi amagatsha amathathu kuphela abantu abadala abangawaqamba amagatsha kahulumeni, kodwa labo abangase bawabize kakhulu futhi bahlanganyele ekuvotini.

Okokugcina, ijubane loshintsho lwezobuchwepheshe lisho ukuthi amathuluzi amasha − i-social Weader, i-Al Weat, i-ai transmists, izindaba ze-algoriths (i-algoriths) ibuye ihlaziye indlela ukwaziswa okujikeleza ngayo. Ukufunda ukufunda nokubhala kumelwe manje kuhlanganise ukuqonda amandla nokulinganiselwa kwalawo mathuluzi. Ngaphandle kwakho, abantu bangase babe abathengi abangenzi lutho kunokuba babe abahlanganyeli abakhuthele, bangakwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwe-post yegciwane noma baqaphele izimpawu zomzamo ohlangeneyo.

Izingxenye Zokufunda

Isimiso sokufunda sangaphakathi esibanzi sihlanganisa izingxenye eziningana ezihlangene. ngasinye sinikela emgomweni wonke wokulungiselela abantu ukuba bahlanganyele ngokwaziswa nezinhlangano ngendlela enokwethenjelwa.

Ulwazi Ngezakhiwo Nohlelo Lukahulumeni

Le ngxenye eyisisekelo ihlanganisa ukuqonda indlela imithetho ehlelwa ngayo, indlela izikhulu zomphakathi ezikhethwa ngayo noma ezimiswa ngayo, indlela isimiso sokwahlulela esisebenza ngayo, nendlela amandla ahlukaniswa ngayo phakathi kwezinhlangano zendawo, zikahulumeni, nombuso. Ihlanganisa futhi ulwazi ngoMthetho-sisekelo, iBhili yamaLungelo, nezinqumo zeNkantolo evelele. Ngaphandle kwale nqubo, akunakwenzeka ukuhlaziya iziphakamiso eziphathelene namalungelo noma izenzo zikahulumeni. Ngokwesibonelo, umfundi owaziyo ukuthi iSimemezelo Sokuqala sivikela inkulumo kodwa angavusekeli ubudlova angahlaziya izimpikiswano ezisekelwe ezimisweni zenkulumo zasekholishi.

Ukuhlanganyela Nokuhlanganyela

Ulwazi lulodwa alwanele; ukufunda nokubhala kwezakhamuzi kudinga futhi isimo sokuthatha isinyathelo. Ukuhlanganyela kungathatha izindlela eziningi: ukuvota, ukuya emihlanganweni yasehholo, ukuzinikela emikhankasweni yezezombangazwe, ukukhonza ezinkantolo, ukuxhumana nezikhulu ezikhethiwe, ukubhalela umhleli izincwadi, noma ukuhlanganyela ekuvivinyeni okunokuthula. Kuhlanganisa nezenzo ezingekho ngokomthetho, njengokuxoxa izindaba nabangane nomkhaya noma ukuxoxa ngokwaziswa okuthembekile ngezokuxhumana. Izikole zingakhuthaza lesisimo ngokunikeza amathuba athembekile okuvunyelwana, njengamathuba okukhetha amaqembu omkhandlu wabafundi, ukugconwa, noma ukuhlangana nezinhlangano zikahulumeni zendawo.

Ukucabanga Okubucayi Nokwaziswa

Ikhono lokuhlaziya ukwaziswa okudinga ukuthenjelwa, ubandlululo, nokuphelela kusemqoka ekufundeni umphakathi. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukufunda imithombo yamuva (ukuhlola imithombo enqamule izingosi eziningi), ukuhlukanisa imithombo eyinhloko neyamuva, ukuqonda umehluko phakathi kombono namaqiniso, nokuqaphela amaphutha anengqondo. Izinhlelo ezifana ne- Projectss Literacclation [ neqophelo lezesayensi yokuhlola izakhiwo eziwusizo zokwakha lamakhono. Imicabango engokwesayensi futhi inweba ukucubungela izinkolelo zomuntu siqu nokuvuleka kobufakazi obusha.

Imithombo Yezindaba Nezinombolo

Ngoba ukwaziswa okuningi komphakathi manje kuhamba ngemishini ye-inthanethi, ukufundwa kwezindaba kumelwe kuhlanganiswe kwimfundo yomphakathi. Abafundi badinga ukuqonda indlela yokusebenzisa i-algorithm yomuntu siqu, indlela yokuchofoza ngokuxhaphaza kwengqondo yomuntu, indlela okuxhaswe ngayo okubhaliwe okubhalwe (noma hhayi), nendlela yokusebenzisa amathuluzi afana nokuhlola izithombe ngokushintsha izithombe. Kufanele futhi bafunde ngezindlela zezentengiselwano zezinhlangano zezindaba nendlela lezozimo ezithonya ngayo ukukhetha. Izibalo zihlanganisa ngayo ukusetshenziswa komphakathi wezokuxhumana nomphakathi, futhi zazi ukuthi kufanele zisebenzise kanjani ukusakaza umyalezo futhi zikwazi nini ukuveza izithombe ngaphambi kokuba zihlangabe nezingxoxo.

Ukuqonda Amalungelo Nemithwalo Yemfanelo

Umuntu ofundile ngokwezakhamuzi wazi kokubili lokho akufaneleyo nokuthi yini anecala kumphakathi. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ulwazi lwamalungelo omthetho-sisekelo (inkululeko yokukhuluma, ukuhlangana, ukunyathelisa, isicelo, inkolo) kanye nemithwalo yemfanelo enjengokukhokha izintela, ukukhokha izikhotho, ukulalela imithetho, nokuhlanganyela enqubweni yentando yeningi. Kuhlanganisa futhi ukuqaphela lapho amalungelo esongelwa futhi wazi izindlela ezingokomthetho zokuhlenga. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuqonda imithetho nokuvumela izimfuneko kungasiza abashisekeli ukuhlela imibhishosho ephumelelayo ngaphandle kokuzifaka engozini.

Izinqubo Eziwusizo Zokufundisa Ukufunda

Imfundo ephumelelayo ekufundiseni abantu bakhona idinga ukuklanywa ngenhloso.

Izenzakalo Zanamuhla Eziwubala Ezinhloli

Kunokuba bafunde izihloko zezindaba, abafundi kufanele bazihlaziye besebenzisa i-samente. Indlela eyodwa enamandla ingu- 5 Ws noH (u-Rhoo, nini, nini, uni, kungani, uni, uni, uni, wadala le -lens enzima? Iyini injongo? Buphi ubufakazi obunikeziwe? Yini obungathintwayo? I-metam ethinta umyalezo? Abafundi bangasebenzisa nsuku zonke “imizuzu” noma izenzakalo zamuva zamuva. izipheshalo zamuva, amabhukwana. ] inikeza izifundo zesihle ngemibuzo yamanje, eziningi ezihlanganisa imibuzo egcwele. Ukungafani kungaqhathaniswa kanjani ukuthi izenzakalo ezihlukene, izenzakalo ezihlukene, i-flarm, i-flm, i-trans.

Izingxoxo Nemibono Esekelwe Kubo

Izingxoxo zithuthukisa amakhono okuphikisana, ukulalela, nekhono lokuguqula ingqondo yakho . Ukuze iphumelele, kumelwe iqiniswe futhi isekelwe ebufakazini. Abafundisi bangabela izindima (umk., umgcini-sikhathi, isikhulumi), ukunikeza imibhalo eyisisekelo, futhi bafune abafundi ukuba baveze imithombo. Ngemva kwenkulumo, isimiso sokucabanga lapho abafundi bethola khona lokho abakufundile kohlangothi oluphikisayo. Kubafundi abasebasha, umhlangano weSisocratic noma ingxoxo elula kakhulu ingakha amakhono afanayo ngaphandle kokwenza ingxoxo egcwele.

Sebenzisa Imishini Yenqubo Yesigqi

Mock Congress, Model UN, nezinkantolo zezentengiselwano ezisekelwe esikoleni zivumela abafundi ukuba bangene ezindimani zabamisi-mthetho, abameleli, nabahluleli. Lemiboniso yakha ulwazi olungokwesiko nozwela olungokwesiko ._____________zikhombo kumelwe ziqonde izisusa ezingavumelani ngokomuntu siqu. Ngisho nomfanekiso omfushane, njengomhlangano wesigungu sedolobha ohlekisayo ngoshintsho oluhlanganisayo, ungaba namandla. Imithombo evela ku [[FLT: 0] I-Congression Acadecioperal [[ inikeza amabhokisi alungele ukuhambisa amabhokisi ezifundo ezisitejikelezo zesikole ezisemuva.

Fundisani Ukufunda Ngezinombolo Ngokuzivivinya Okuwusizo

Kunokuba kufundwe izindaba ezingamanga, abafundi bazame ukuqinisekisa ukuthi igciwane lisebenza ngenkathi yamuva. Banike isithombe-skrini seposi le-Facebook futhi ubacele ukuba banqume ukuthi liyiqiniso yini, usebenzisa i-Internet kuphela. Inikeza uhlu lokuhlola (umz., iCRAAP) kodwa futhi igcizelela ukuthi ukuhlola kuwumkhuba, hhayi umsebenzi wesikhathi esisodwa. I-coltification mediat-ickology’s Rescheckeology noma Isikhungo sokucwaninga singasindisa isifundo ezizibalo zangempela. Futhi, abafundi baye badala i-techswodwanethi yabo ye-vidiyo, poctograph, noma ulwazi oluchaza kahle indlela yokubonisa.

Ukuhlanganyela Emikhankasweni Esekelwe Emphakathini

Imisebenzi yenkonzo ihlanganisa ulwazi lwekilasi nezidingo zomphakathi zangempela. Izibonelo zihlanganisa ukuhlelwa kwemoto yokuvota, ukuqhuba ukuhlolwa komphakathi ngezinkinga zendawo, ukubhalela izikhulu ezikhethiwe ngendaba ethile abafundi baye bacwaninga, noma ukubambisana nenzuzo yendawo kumkhankaso wokufundela izingane. Lemisebenzi idinga abafundi ukuba basebenzise ukucwaninga, ukukhulumisana, kanye nobuciko bokuhlela. Bakha futhi umuzwa wokuphumelela − ukuqaphela ukuthi izenzo zabo zibalulekile. Othisha kufanele bahlanganise ingxenye yokucatshanga, bacele abafundi ukuba bahlaziye ukuthi yini esebenzayo, ukuthi yini engenziwa, nokuthi bafundeni ngezinqubo zomphakathi endleleni.

I - Foster Isizinda Sekilasi Sokubuza

Okokugcina, indawo yekilasi ngokwayo ewubuciko bokufunda nokubhala. Uma abafundi bekhuthazwa ukuba babuze imibuzo, baphikise imiqondo ngenhlonipho, futhi basekele iziphakamiso ezisekelwe kubufakazi, basebenzisa inqubo yentando yeningi. Othisha bangafundisa ngokucacile izingxoxo ezingokomthetho, njengendlela yokukhuluma nge-“iipups” noma“indlela yokubhala” yemithetho elandelwayo. Kufanele futhi babonise indlela yokungavumelani ngaphandle kokuhlasela, ngokwesibonelo, besebenzisa amagama afana nothi“ Ngikubona ngendlela ehlukile ngenxa...” noma “Buphi ubufakazi obusekela lokho?” Ukwakha indawo ephephile yezingxoxo ezinzima ngohlanga, isigaba, nokungalingani kuyingxenye yokwakha ulwazi olungokwendawo ezungezile; abafundi kumelwe bafunde ukuhileleka ngokungenamdlalo.

Ukuhlola Ukufunda Ngemfundo Ephelele Ekilasini

Ukuhlolwa kwezincwadi eziningi ezivamile kungalinganisa ulwazi ngezakhiwo zikahulumeni, kodwa zilahlekelwa amakhono nezimo ezibaluleke kakhulu. Icebo lokuhlola elibanzi kufanele lihlanganise:

  • [ Omagazini abafundisayo[ abafundi babhala ngabo ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwabo komphakathi, izinselele, nokukhula.
  • Izinketho ezisekelwe-ke ngokusekelwe kwi-project lapho abafundi behlela khona futhi benze umsebenzi womphakathi, bese beveza imiphumela yabo nomfanekiso.
  • [ I-rubservations yezingxoxo ezisebenzisa ubufakazi, inhlonipho ngabanye, nekhono lokuhlanganisa imibono eminingi.
  • IsiPostfilio somsebenzi wabafundi ``aphenya amaphephandaba','ehlola amathigi,'ibhukwana leprojekthi'' yomphakathi,'ibhukwana lokusungula iprojekthi" elibonisa ukukhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
  • Quizzes ezimisweni zikahulumeni nezinqubo zamanje kusengaba usizo, kodwa kufanele zihlanganiswe ngemibuzo efuna umshini ovulekile.

I-rabha kumele ifake kuqala ukujula kokuhlaziya ngokukhumbula okulula. Ngokwesibonelo, kunokuba ubuze ukuthi “Bangaki abameleli abakhona esifundeni ngasinye?” Buza ukuthi“ Kungani uhulumeni ngamunye ucabanga ukuthi unabalingani ababili, futhi lokho kuthinta kanjani ukumelelwa namuhla?” Ukuhlola ukufunda kwezemindeni futhi kusho ukuhlola ukuthi abafundi bangadlulisela amakhono ku-momes ezintsha yini.

Isiphetho: Ithonya Lemfundo Yesibalo Elide

Ukufundisa ukufunda nokubhala akuwona umsebenzi womphakathi owenziwe ngokusemthethweni kodwa umsebenzi oqhubekayo. Njengoba abafundi bekhula, amakhono abawathuthukisa ekuhloleni ukwaziswa okugxekayo, inkulumo yenhlonipho, nokuhlanganyela ngenkuthalo ngeke nje kuphela kulolonge ukuphila kwabo kodwa impilo yemiphakathi yabo nesizwe. Imfundo engcono kakhulu yomphakathi inika abafundi amandla okuzibona bengabameleli abanekhono bokushintsha, abahlomele ukuqondisa indawo eyinkimbinkimbi futhi bahileleke ngokunemibono ehlukahlukene. Abafundisi abafaka kulamacebo bamisa isisekelo sobungqabavu, ukwaziswa, nokwehlukana nomphakathi. Inseleleko ibalulekile, kodwa isizukulwane sezakhamuzi ezingacabanga ukuthi ziyakwazi ukuzimela futhi zisebenze ndawonye.