Isisekelo Somthetho - sisekelo: Inkululeko Yokukhuluma Nelungelo Lokunxusa

Isenzo sokuxhumana nabameleli bakho abakhethiwe sisekelwe kakhulu eMthethweni-sisekelo wase-United States. ISichibiyelo sokuqala asiqinisekisi nje kuphela inkululeko yokukhuluma kodwa futhi "ilungelo labantu lokuhlangana ngokuthula, nokunxusa uHulumeni ukuba alungise izikhalo." Lokhu kuvikela okubili kwakha isisekelo esingokomthetho sokuthembisana kwezakhamuzi. Ilungelo lokunxusa lingelinye lamasiko amadala kakhulu entando yeningi, alandela iMagna Carta, futhi aqinisekisa ukuthi wonke umuntu angaletha ngokuqondile ukukhathazeka kwalabo abaphethe ngaphandle kokwesaba isijeziso.

Ukuqonda lesi sisekelo somthetho sisiza izakhamuzi ukuba ziqaphele ukuthi ukufinyelela kwazo akuyona inhlonipho kodwa akuyona into evikelekile kodwa ilungelo elivikelwe. Izinkantolo ziye zasekela ngokungaguquguquki ukuthi ukunxusa kukahulumeni kuhlanganisa imisebenzi eminingi, kuhlanganise nokubhala izincwadi, ukuthumela ama-imeyili, ukwenza izingcingo, futhi ngisho nokuhlela imikhankaso yotshani. Nokho, isivikelo asiphelele. Uhulumeni ungabeka imingcele enengqondo esikhathini, indawo, nendlela yokuxhumana, uma leyomithetho evimbelayo ihlanganisa inzuzo ephawulekayo futhi ifeza inzuzo yasobala yomphakathi ("efana nemithetho esemthethweni engokomthetho kahulumeni. Ukunyukela kakhulu emthethweni wesicelo sokulungisa iSigqi Sokuqala, ukuvakashela isikhulu [[FLT:]]] Clotitution An ekhodiod Builbooky [Foct:]]

Amalungelo Angokomthetho Lapho Uxhumana Nabameleli

Isakhamuzi ngasinye sinelungelo elingokomthetho lokuxhumana nohulumeni, umbuso, nabameleli bendawo ngezindlela eziningi “‘ iposi, iposi, ifax, noma ukuhambela kwe-person. Lelilungelo linwetshwa ekuvezeni imibono, sicele usizo ezinhlanganweni zikahulumeni (ngokuvamile ezibizwa ngokuthi amacala), futhi sisekela umthetho ohlongozwayo. Izikhulu eziqashelwe noma izisebenzi zazo ngokuvamile kudingeka ukuba ziphendule ngokuxhumana okuhlangene, nakuba ukusabela okuhambisana nesikhathi nokujula kwempendulo kungahlukahluka.

Okubalulekile, ukuxhumana kwakho kuyavikelwa ekuphindiseleni. Awunakujeziswa ngokuveza umbono ongathandeki noma ngokugxeka ukuvota kommeleli. Nokho, lesisivikelo asisebenzi ekukhulumeni okungekhona ukuhlanganiswa kweSichibiyelo Sokuqala, njengokusongela ngokuqondile kobudlova, ukuhlukunyezwa okuhlasela amakilasi avikelwe, noma amanga angcolisayo. Izinkantolo ziye zakwenza kwacaca ukuthi ilungelo lokucela alihlanganisi ilungelo lokwenza izinsongo zobugebengu noma ukukhuthaza isenzo sokungabi namthetho esiseduze.

Amarekhodi Omphakathi Nokubona Ingaphandle

Uma uthintana nesikhulu sikahulumeni, ukuxhumana kwakho kungase kube ngumlando womphakathi. Amanxusa aphezulu namazwe amaningi nohulumeni bendawo bangaphansi kwenkululeko yemithetho yokwaziswa . Njengenkululeko yolwazi (FOIA) esilinganisweni sikahulumeni nemithetho efanayo. Lemithetho ifuna ukuba ohulumeni badlulise imibhalo, kuhlanganise nama-imeyili nezincwadi ezivela kuma-EPURC, ngaphandle kokuba ukukhulula kusebenza (isimo, ukulondeka kwesizwe). Ngokwesibonelo, uma uthumela i-imeyili enikeza umbono ngomthetho othile, i-imeyili ingakhululwa ekuphenduleni isicelo se-FOIA komunye umbutho.

Ukuze ulondoloze amathuba ezindaba zomuntu siqu, gwema ukuhlanganisa ukwaziswa okuthinta inhliziyo (njengamanani eNyunzi Yomphakathi, imininingwane yezokwelapha, noma izinombolo zokuthumela imali) ezizokuxhumana zakho. Nakuba amahhovisi abameleli ngokuvamile esebenzisa amathende alondekile ukuze asebenzise izikhambi ezihilela izindaba eziyimfihlo, ngokuvamile ukuqamba amaphutha akuyona imfihlo. Ukuqonda lokhu okunamandla kungakusiza ukuba unqume ukuthi yini ozoyibhala phansi nokuthi yini okuzoxoxwa ngayo kuphela ezimweni zangasese noma ngezivumelwano eziyimfihlo eziqondile.

Ukungavumelani Nokukhulumisana Okusemthethweni

Umthetho kazwelonke nemithetho-mthetho kahulumeni eminingi yenqabela izikhulu zomphakathi ukuba zingaphindiseli isakhamuzi ngokusebenzisa ilungelo lokucela. Ukubuyiselwa kungahlanganisa ukwenqaba izinzuzo, izinkonzo ezibambezelekayo, noma ukubeka isakhamuzi ukuba sihlolwe kakhulu. Uma ukholelwa ukuthi uye wabhekana nokuphindisela kokuthinta ummeleli wakho, ungase ube nezizathu zokusho iSichibiyelo sokuqala. Ukubuza ummeli owelapha amalungelo omphakathi noma umthetho womthetho womthetho kungcono ezimweni ezinjalo, njengoba indawo esemthethweni iwumthetho weqiniso nomthetho we-temperance.

Imikhuba Emihle Kakhulu Yokukhulumisana Okuphumelelayo

Ukuzwa izwi lakho kungaphezu kwelungelo, inqubo engcono kakhulu iqinisekisa ukuthi umyalezo wakho wamukelwa, uqondwa futhi usetshenziswa. Abameleli nezisebenzi zabo bavame ukugcwala iposi, ngakho ukuma uqonde izizathu ezifanele kuyisihluthulelo.

Qoqa Ube Ucacile Futhi Uthande

Yisho injongo yakho emshweni wokuqala. Zichazele njengengxenye futhi usho idolobha noma isifunda sakho. Bese usho ngokucacile ukuma noma isicelo sakho. Ngokwesibonelo: “Ngiyisakhamuzi sesigodi 7, futhi ngibhala ngicela ukuba usekele iSigele 123 ekuxhaseni amanzi ahlanzekile.” Landela ngencazelo emfushane yokuthi kungani umagazini ukhuluma ngendaba, kodwa gcina isigaba ngasinye sifinyele. Ukuhlola kubonisa ukuthi izinhlamvu ezibhalwe ngesandla kanye nama-imeyili afingqiwe zithola ukunakekela okukhulu kunemishisholo emide.

Nikeza Ulwazi Olusebenzayo

Ngaso sonke isikhathi hlanganisa igama lakho eligcwele, ikheli lokuhlala (ukubonisa ukuthi uyi-accom), inombolo yocingo, nekheli le-imeyili. Ukuze uthole usizo lokudlulisa izindaba (umzk., izinkinga nenhlangano kahulumeni), nikeza imininingwane eminingi ngangokunokwenzeka, kuhlanganise nezinombolo zezenzakalo, izinsuku, namakhophi ezincwadi ezifanele. Lungela ukugcwalisa uhlelo lwemfihlo uma ihhovisi lommeleli lidinga ukuthatha isinyathelo ngenxa yakho.

Londoloza Inhlonipho

Ngisho noma ungavumelani kakhulu nezenzo noma amavoti ommeleli, hlala unolwazi. Gwema ukubiza igama, inhlamba, noma amazwi okuhlambalaza. Izwi elihloniphekile aligcini nje kuphela umnyango wengxoxo yesikhathi esizayo kodwa futhi likuvikela ekumangaleleni okungase kube khona kokuhlukunyezwa noma ukuziphatha okungahleleki. Amalungu asebenzayo athambekele kakhulu ekudluliseleni umyalezo ocatshangelwe kahle, onesizotha kummeleli kunokuba agcwaliswe ngokuhlasela komuntu siqu.

Sebenzisa Iziteshi Ezingokomthetho

Ngaso sonke isikhathi qinisekisa indlela yokuxhumana elungile evela kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni yommeleli (USA. umbombo wezikhulu ezikhethiwe uyisiqalo esithembekile). Ukuthumela imiyalezo ngama-akhawunti ezokuxhumana angekho emphakathini noma amasiteji esithathu kungase kungafiki ehhovisi noma kungathathwa njengokuxhumana okusemthethweni. Amahhovisi amaningi e-costation anezindlela ezithile kumawebhusayithi awo okuphawula izinkulumo nezomthetho; kusetshenziswa la ma-tept message olwazi e-octives.

Gcina Izingqwembe

Gcina amakhophi azo zonke iposi, izincwadi, namaphuzu okushaya ucingo abhalwe amagama ezinsuku nabaphathi. La marekhodi angaba usizo uma ufuna ukulandelela, ukukhuphula ikhambi, noma ukufakazela ukuthi ukhuluma phakathi kwe-frame yesikhathi esithile. Ezindabeni ezibalulekile, cabangela ukusebenzisa iposi eliqinisekisiwe nelithi elibuyayo ukuze uqinisekise ukuhanjiswa.

Iziphazamiso Ezingokomthetho Nokuziphatha Okuxegayo

Ukwazi le mingcele kukusiza ukuba ugweme ukwephula umthetho ngokungahlosile okungaphumela ekubekeni isigwebo somphakathi noma ekumangalelweni ngecala.

Usongo Nokuhlukunyezwa

Noma yikuphi ukuxhumana okunosongo lweqiniso − okungukuthi, amazwi ahloselwe ukubeka umuntu esaba ukulimala komzimba noma ukufa,(ukungavikelwa). Umthetho kaFederal ukukwenza kube ubugebengu ukusongela ilungu lelungu leSishaya-Mkhandlu, futhi imithetho kahulumeni ngokufanayo ifihla izinsongo ezihlasela izikhulu zendawo. Ukuhlukunyezwa, okuchazwa njengendlela yokungafunwa, eyesabekayo, noma yokuphathana ngokuhlambalazayo, kuphumela ngaphandle kwenkulumo evikelwe. Uma ningavumelani nevoti, kuveza lokho ukungavumelani; ungasho izinto ezinjengokuthi “uzakukhokha ngenxa yalokhu” ngokusongela.

Izikhulu Ezifuna Ukukhonzwa

Ukufuna ukuba isikhulu sikahulumeni, ilungu lezisebenzi, noma omunye umkhakha wombuso wombuso akuvunyelwe ngokomthetho ukuze ungene noma uthonye. Ukukhomba kungaholela ekukhwabaniseni, ekumangaleleni, noma ekuphuleni imithetho ethile elawula izinkulumo ezingamanga kuhulumeni. Ngaso sonke isikhathi zisho ukuthi uqinisile ekuxhumaneni.

Amazwi Amanga Nokumangalelwa

Ukunikeza isikhulu sikahulumeni ukwaziswa okungamanga ngendaba engaphakathi kwe-athom ingakha ubugebengu obungaphansi kwe-18 U.S.C. 761 esilinganisweni sikahulumeni. Umbuso ukhona. Lokhu akusebenzi nje kuphela emasimini ayiqiniso asemacaleni kodwa futhi nasekufakeni izimemezelo ezikhonjiwe ngezicelo noma izinkulumo zokukhomba. Uma ungaqiniseki ngeqiniso, sho kanjalo uthembisa ukunikeza imibhalo esekelayo.

Ukuzitika Nemithetho Ephakeme

Uma uthintana nommeleli wenhlangano noma ibhizinisi, kungenzeka uhileleke ekufuneni ukubhalisa, okubangela izimfuneko zokubhalisa nokubika ngaphansi kwe-Lobbing Displarence Act ezweni nasemithethweni efanayo kahulumeni. Izakhamuzi ezivamile ezifuna izimbangela zazo noma ukuzinikela emaqenjini ayizigebengu ngokuvamile ziyagwenywa, kodwa uma ukhokhelwa ukuthonya umsebenzi kahulumeni, kumelwe uvumelane.

Ukukhathalela Okukhethekile Izindlela Ezihlukahlukene Zokukhulumisana

Ukuqonda lokhu kungavikela amalungelo akho futhi kuvimbele ukungaqondani.

Ukuxhumana Okuzimele

I-imeyili ishesha futhi iyasebenziseka, kodwa futhi itholakala kakhulu embulweni nasemarekhodini omphakathi. Ake sithi noma yini oyibhalela isikhulu sikahulumeni ingaba obala. Sebenzisa bcc (ikhophi ye-borbon) ngezinga elilinganiselwe futhi kuphela uma kudingekile ukuvikela abanye abamukeli. Abanye abasekeli batusa ukusebenzisa i-imeyili eyodwa yomsebenzi we-imeyili wezombangazwe ukuze igcine ihlukile ezibhalweni zomuntu siqu. Futhi, ama-incheme ase-mail amaningi e-mgqeni we-companeyo; ukusebenzisa izihloko ezicacile, izihloko ezithile zithuthukisa ithuba elifundwayo.

Izingcingo

Izingcingo ngokuvamile ziyindlela eshesha kakhulu yokuveza umbono nge-ofisi yommeleli elindile umthetho. Nokho, ukuqopha imithetho kuyahluka ngokwesifundazwe. Ezinye izifundazwe zidinga imvume eyodwa (kuphela umuntu oqophayo okudingeka azi), kuyilapho ezinye zidinga imvume ehlukene emibili (bonke amaqembu kumelwe aqaphele ukuqopha). Uma uhlela ukubhala ucingo ngehhovisi lommeleli, yazisa ilungu lezisebenzi ekuqaleni futhi uthole imvume uma kuyimfuneko ngokomthetho wezwe. Uma kufunwa uhulumeni ngesiqondiso sezwe, thintana neKomiti yenkululeko yencwadi yezincwadi zokuqopha izimvume zezincwadi [[[FLTL:]].

Iposi Nezincwadi

Izinhlamvu ezingokomzimba zithwala isisindo − zidinga umzamo owengeziwe wokuthumela futhi ngokuvamile zithathwa njengezicabangela kakhulu. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthunyelwa, ukusebenzisa iposi elinokwaziswa okunokwaziswa okune-lisithi yokubuyisa. Ezemisebenzi edinga ukufakwa kwe-imeyili, izincwadi zingangcono uma ungenazo izindlela zokufaka ezilondekile zokuzifaka. Khumbula ukuthi iposi ingalitshazwa ngokuvikelwa ukhuseleko ezakhiweni zikahulumeni, ngakho hlelani ngokufanele.

Emihlanganweni Ephansi

Ukuhlangana nommeleli noma izisebenzi zabo ubuso nobuso kungaba ngcono kakhulu. Ngaphambi kokuhambela, shayela phambili ukuze uhlele ukubolekisana. Lungiselelani ngokuhlelwa okufushane nangezinto zokusekela. Inhlonipho ngemithetho elandelwayo yokuvikela − ungadinga ukudlula kumshini wokuhlola insimbi ne-ID yamanje. Ungalethi izinto ezinqatshelwe (izikhali, njll.). Uma umhlangano usesakhiweni sikahulumeni, yazini ukuthi usendaweni yomphakathi; izingxoxo zingase zizwe futhi zibhalwe. Imihlangano eyodwa ekhona ehhovisi langasese, imithetho yemvume yokuqopha isebenza njengocingo.

Isikhathi Sokufuna Iseluleko Esingokomthetho

Iningi lezakhamuzi likhuluma ngokuqondile futhi alidingi usizo olungokomthetho.

  • Uma unecala elingokomthetho elisebenzayo: Uma uhilelekile ekumangalelweni nenxusa likahulumeni, ukuxhumana nommeleli wakho ngecala kungadala izinkinga. Ummeli angakululeka ngokuthi yini ongayisho nokuthi yini okumelwe uyigweme ukulondoloza ukuma kwakho okungokomthetho.
  • Uma uthola isicelo esingaphansi noma esiqoshiwe: Uma uxhumana nommeleli kufunwa ngenqubo engokomthetho, ungadinga ukuqinisa amalungelo noma into. Iseluleko esingokomthetho singasiza ekuqondiseni lezimo.
  • Uma ukholelwa ukuthi uphindiselwa: Njengoba kuphawulwe ngenhla, ukuziphindiselela kudinga ukwaziswa okucophelelayo nokuqonda umthetho-sisekelo oqinile. Ummeli angahlola inzuzo futhi acebise ukuvala isikhalo.
  • Lapho uhlanganyela ekufuneni ukuphatha ngokuhleleka: Uma uhlela i-apply yesicelo, ukuhlela imiyalezo yenqwaba, noma ukwakha ikomiti yezenzo zezombangazwe, ukuvumelana nezimali zomkhankaso nemithetho yokunxusa imithetho. Ummeli onolwazi kumthetho wokhetho angaqinisekisa ukuthi usebenza phakathi kwemithetho.
  • [ Uma ubona ukonakala noma ukwephulwa kwezimiso: ukubika izindaba ezinjalo kudinga ukusingathwa ngokucophelela ukuze ugweme ukuhlambalaza noma ukuziphindiselela ngekhwelo. Funa iseluleko esingokomthetho ngaphambi kokumangalela umphakathi.

Ukunikeza Ingxenye Esebenza Ngesigqi

Ukuxhumana nabameleli bakho kuyinsika yokuzilawula kwaseMelika. Ngokwazi amalungelo akho angokomthetho nemithwalo yemfanelo, ungaxhumana ngesibindi nangempumelelo uma uhlala emigqeni yomthetho. Ngenhlonipho, ukuxoxa okunolwazi kuqinisa inqubo yentando yeningi futhi kusiza izikhulu ukuba ziqonde izidingo zezici zazo. Sebenzisa imithombo ekhona (izingosi) ze-webhsayithi zomphakathi, iziqondisi zomphakathi, nochwepheshe bezomthetho uma kudingeka (*) ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izwi lakho lizwakala ngokuphephile nangokunamandla.