Ukwazi Amalungelo Akho Omphakathi Phakathi Nokungenela Kwamaphoyisa

Ukwazi Amalungelo Akho Omphakathi Phakathi Nokungenela Kwamaphoyisa

Ukungenelana nokugcinwa komthetho kungacindezela futhi kudida, ikakhulukazi uma ungaqiniseki ngesivikelo sakho esingokomthetho. Ukuqonda amalungelo akho akukona ukuphikisana mayelana nokuzigcina uphephile, ukugwema ukuxoxisana okungadingekile, nokulondoloza izindlela zakho ezingokomthetho. Wonke umuntu e-United States uqinisekiswa amalungelo athile ayisisekelo ngaphansi koMthetho-sisekelo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi unegunya lesizwe. Ukwazi lamalungelo, nendlela yokuwasebenzisa ngomoya ophansi nangenhlonipho, kungawenza umehluko obalulekile umphumela wanoma imuphi umhlangano wamaphoyisa.

Lo mqondisi unikeza ukwaziswa okucacile, okungathatha isinyathelo ngokuphathelene namalungelo akho phakathi neziteshi zezimoto, ukuhlangana nomgwaqo, ukusesha nokuboshwa, futhi uchaza ukuthi yini ongayenza uma ukholelwa ukuthi amalungelo akho aye ophulwe nokuthi ungafuna kanjani usizo olungokomthetho.

Isivikelo Somthetho - sisekelo Wakho

IBhili of Rights ibeka isisekelo sokuxhumana kwamaphoyisa amaningi asebenza nge-socian. Izinguquko ezibaluleke kakhulu yiSichibiyelo Sesine, Sesihlanu nesesithupha.

Isichibiyelo Sesine: Ukuvikelwa Ekucwaningeni Nokukhohlisa

Unelungelo lokuphepha ebusweni bakho, endlini, emaphepheni, nasemiphumeleni emelene nokuphenya okungacabangeki nokuquleka. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amaphoyisa awanakukuphenya, imoto yakho, noma ikhaya lakho ngaphandle kwemvume esemthethweni, mhlawumbe isizathu, noma imvume yakho yokuzithandela. Ukuthumba kwenzeka uma umuntu onengqondo engeke azizwe ekhululekile ukuphuma lapho evalelwe ngemoto noma ngesikhathi sokuvalelwa ejele.

Uma isikhulu sicela ukusesha isikhwama sakho, ucingo, noma imoto, unelungelo lokusho nono. Nokho, kunezinye iziphakamiso: izikhulu zingayeka izingubo zakho zangaphandle uma zisola ngokunengqondo ukuthi uhlomile futhi uyingozi. Uma uboshwa, amaphoyisa angakusesha endaweni eseduze ukuze uthole izikhali noma ubufakazi. Kwezinye izimo, uma ungavumelani, ukuphenya ngeke kwenzeke ngaphandle kwesiqinisekiso noma ngesizathu esithile.

ISichibiyelo Sesihlanu: Ilungelo Lokuhlala Uthule Nokumelene Nokuziphikisa

Unelungelo lokuthula ungaphenduli imibuzo ebuzwa yi-athomigist. Lokhu kuhlanganisa imibuzo ngezenzo zakho, indawo, noma abangane. Akudingeki unikeze ukwaziswa okungaphezu kwegama lakho futhi uqaphele uma kufunwa umthetho (njengalapho unqanda ukuma kwezimoto). Noma yini oyishoyo ingasetshenziswa enkantolo. Ukuthula akukona ukuvuma icala; kuyisivikelo esingokomthetho esikuvimbela ukuba uzenze ngephutha.

Ukusebenzisa lelilungelo, ungasho ngokucacile: “ ngicela ilungelo lami lokuthula. Ngifuna ukukhuluma nommeli. ̵ Uma nje ucela ilungelo lakho lokuthula, amaphoyisa kufanele ayeke ukukubuza. Uma eqhubeka, izimpendulo zakho zingacindezelwa enkantolo kamuva.

ISichibiyelo Sesithupha: Ilungelo Lokulalela Iseluleko Esingokomthetho

Uma uboshwa, unelungelo kummeli. Uma ungenamali, umvikeli womphakathi uzomiswa ukuba akumelele ngesihle. Lomathekisi akwesokudla aqala ukuqulwa kwecala elingokomthetho (ngokuvamile ngemva kokuboshwa noma ukumangalelwa okungokomthetho). Akumelwe ukhulume nakancane emaphoyiseni ngobugebengu obumangalelwayo kuze kube yilapho ummeli wakho ekhona. Ngisho noma amaphoyisa ezama ukwakha ubuhlobo noma ukubuza imibuzo ebonakala ingenangozi, awehliwe ngokuzithoba ukuze aphendule kuze kufike ummeli wakho.

Phakathi Nokumiswa Kwezimoto

Ukuma kwezimoto kuyindlela evame kakhulu yokusebenzelana namaphoyisa, ngisho nokumisa isibani esiphukile esisemsileni kungakhula uma umuntu enovalweni noma engaqiniseki.

1. [[IFLT:0] donsa ngokuphepha ngangokunokwenzeka. cisha injini, qengqeleka ifasitela lakho, bese ubeka izandla zakho esondoni lokuqondisa lapho iphoyisa lingayibona khona. Gwema ukunyakaza okusheshayo.[
   
2. chaza ilayisense yakho, ukubhalisa, kanye nobufakazi be-mussyini-mshuwalense uma ubuzwa. Ezizweni eziningi, kuyadingeka ukuba unikeze igama lakho nalamaphepha ngesikhathi sokuma kwezimoto.
   
3. Ungavumelani nokuhlola. Uma isikhulu sibuza, i-#8220; uyacabanga uma ngibheka ngaphakathi emotweni yakho? ̵ ungaphendula: Ü]; Officer, angivumi ukuphenya. ” Uthi cha akunakusetshenziswa kuwe njengobufakazi becala. Uma isikhulu sinombangela (umz., sibona isibhakela esiwumbuka noma iphunga), bangasesha nje kodwa ukulondoloza ikhono lakho lokuhlola kamuva.[FT][FLT]
4. [[#8220] Zigcineni niphendula kafushane futhi ningathathi hlangothi. Akufunekanga ukuba uphendule imibuzo enjenge-̴ uvelaphi? ̴ noma i-#8220; uyazi ukuthi kungani ngikudonsele? ”. Ungasho ngesizotha ukuthi, &820; Ithanda ukuhlala ngithule. Ikhona yini i-Am i-̵[#821;[FL:3] Uma isikhulu siphikelela emibuzweni, siphinda ukuthi ukhetha ukuhlala buthule.[FLD:]
5. Buza uma uboshiwe noma ukhululekile ukuya. Uma isikhulu sithi ukhululekile ukuhamba, ungahamba ngemoto ngokuzolile. Uma kungenjalo, ubanjwa ngenjongo yokuphenya. Ngemva kwesikhathi esilinganiselwe (ngesikhathi singekho ngaphezulu kwemizuzu engu 20/30 ukuze ume ngendlela evamile), isikhulu kumelwe sikukhulule noma sibe nesizathu sokukubopha.

Phakathi Nokuhlangana Komgwaqo Noma Ukumiswa Kokucwaninga

Amaphoyisa angakumisa emgwaqweni uma benokungabaza okunengqondo kokuthi ubukhona, ukhona, noma sewuzohileleka ebugebengwini. Lokhu kwaziwa ngokuthi uTerry. Ezimweni ezinjalo:

• [[IFLT:0] Gcina izandla zakho zizolile futhi ugcine zibonakala. Ungabaleki − okungenza isikhulu sisebenzise amandla noma sikuxoshe, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ubugebengu benzekile.
  
• Ubuza: “ Ingabe ngikhululekile ukuhamba? ̵[ Uma isikhulu sithi yebo, ungahamba. Uma ungenjalo, uyaboshwa. Akudingeki ukuphendula imibuzo ngaphandle kokuzichaza (ngokwezimo ezidinga ukumiswa phakathi ne-Terry misa). Ezindabeni eziningi, kumelwe unikeze igama lakho uma ubuzwa phakathi nejele elingokomthetho.
  
• Ungalwi ngokomzimba nomthetho ophansi. Uma isikhulu sisola ukuthi uhlomile, zingabamba ingubo yakho ngaphandle. Ungamela; kunalokho usho ngokucacile: “ I ayivumelani nalokhu kuhlola. ” Ukwenqaba kungavusa ukusebenzisa inqubo yezeluleko kanye nokusola kobugebengu.[[FLT:]
• Ukuqopha ividiyo kungokomthetho emphakathini. Unelungelo lokuthatha iziphathi-mafilimu zenza imisebenzi yazo phambi kwabantu, uma nje ungaphazamisi umsebenzi wabo. Uma ungesona isici sokuma, ungabhala usendaweni ephephile. Uma uyisici, ungabhala phansi, kodwa isikhulu singakuyala ukuba uhlehlele emuva ngenxa yezizathu zokuphepha. Izinkantolo ziqaphele ukuthi ukuqopha amaphoyisa kuyiSichibiyelo sokuqala.

Okufanele Ukwenze Uma Ungatshazwa

Uma isikhulu siqala ukubuza imibuzo (akuqashelwa nje ngegama ne-ID), ungasho: “ ngisebenzisa ilungelo lami lokuthula. Ngifuna ummeli. ̵ Awudingi ukuchaza ukuthi kungani noma uphikise. Uma isikhulu siqhubeka, singathuli. Ungaqali kumphathi-sigebengu unecala, kodwa ukuthula akusebenzi njengobufakazi becala ekuqulweni kwecala uma ucela amalungelo akho e-Hpesenti.

Lapho Ufuna Ikhaya Lakho

Amaphoyisa ngokuvamile adinga imvume yokufuna ukuze angene futhi aphenye ekhaya lakho. Imvume kumelwe isayiniswe ijaji, chaza indawo ethile okumelwe iphenywe nempahla abayifunayo.

1. [[NTL:0] Ungawuvuli umnyango ngokushesha. Buza ngomnyango: ̴ ingabe usebenza ngokusemthethweni? Unalo isiqinisekiso? i̵ uma bethi yebo, bacela ugingqe isiqinisekiso ngaphansi komnyango noma bayise efasiteleni ukuze ulifunde. Qinise umahluleli ̱ isignome, ikheli, ikheli elilungile, nesilinganiso sokuhlola.
   
2. Uma benesiqinisekiso esiqinile, kumelwe uvumelane. Awudingi ukubavumela ukuba bangene ngaphandle kokuba baphoqelele ukungena, kodwa awunakuzivala ngokoqobo. Cela eceleni futhi ungaphazamisi ekufuneni. Ungasho: “, kodwa angiyikuvumeli lokhu kuhlola, kodwa angizukuvimbela. ”
   ]
3. Uma bengenaluphawu, abavumelani. Yisho ngokucacile: Ü angisavumelani nokungena kwakho noma ukuphenya. Sicela uhambe. ” Uma bengena noma (umzk., ngenxa yezimo ezifana nemisindo yobudlova noma ukubhujiswa kobufakazi), qaphela izenzo zabo futhi uthintane nommeli kamuva.[FLT:]
4. Hlala uthule phakathi nophendlo. Ungaphenduli imibuzo mayelana nokuthi ikuphi noma yikuphi. Ungazibopheleleli ukwaziswa. Ungacela ukuphuma endlini noma ube khona phakathi nokufuna; emagunyeni amaningi, unelungelo lokuqaphela ukuseshwa ngaphandle kokuba uboshwe.

Uma Uboshwa

Ukuboshwa kwenzeka lapho iphoyisa likufaka ejele kodwa ungenawo ukukhululeka ukuba uhambe.

Amalungelo Akho Lapho Uboshwa

• Ukukwazi ukumangalelwa. Isikhulu kumelwe sikutshele ukuthi uboshelwe icala elinjani. Uma bengaboshelwa, ungabuza: i-#820; yini engimangalelwa ngayo? ” Badingeka ukuba bakutshele.[
  
• [ kwesokudla ukuze uthule. Uma uboshiwe, akudingeki ukuba uphendule eminye imibuzo. Ngisho noma ubonakala ungenandaba nezikhulu noma izitokisi zingasetshenziswa ngokumelene nawe. Ukukhipha ilungelo lakho lokuthula ngokushesha nangokungaguquguquki.[[FLT:]
• kwesokudla kummeli. Unelungelo lokukhuluma nommeli ngaphambi kokuba kuqale ukuphenywa. Uma ungakwazi ukuthenga eyodwa, inkantolo izomisa enye. Cela ummeli ngokucacile: Ü ngifuna ukukhuluma nommeli wami. Angiphenduli nanoma yimiphi imibuzo kuze kube yilapho ummeli wami ekhona. ̵ Uma nje ucela ummeli, yonke imibuzo kumelwe ima kuze kufike ummeli, ngokulinganiselwe ekuvikelekeni komphakathi (g. g., ukwaziswa okuphathelene nebhomu).[FLT:]
• ekuqondiseni ucingo. Ezifundazweni eziningi, uvunyelwe ukwenza inani elifanele lezingcingo zendawo ngesikhathi esifanelekile ngemva kokubhala incwadi. Sebenzisa lolocingo ukuze uthintane nommeli noma ilungu lomkhaya elingahlela ukumelelwa okungokomthetho. Ungaxoxi ngecala lakho ngocingo. Izingcingo ze-jail ziqoshiwe.

Phakathi Nokubhala Nokuphenyelwa

Ngemva kokuboshwa, uzoyiswa esiteshini samaphoyisa ukuze ubhale incwadi (ukubhala phansi, ukudweba iminwe, nokuqoqa ukwaziswa komuntu siqu). Kulesi sigaba, usenalo ilungelo lokuthula. Uma abaseshi befuna ukukubuza, kumelwe baqale bakufundele amalungelo akho eMiranda: isixwayiso sokuthi unelungelo lokuhlala uthule futhi ube nommeli, nokuthi noma yini othi ingasetshenziswa kuwe. Uma behluleka ukunikeza lesi sixwayiso ngaphambi kokuphenya ngecala, noma iziphi izinkulumo ozenzayo zingacishwa.

Ngisho noma uMiranda efundwayo, awephuli amalungelo akho. Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi ukubambisana kuzobasiza ukuba bakhululwe noma bathole uzwela, kodwa akuvamile ukuba kube njalo. Inkambo ephephile ukuthi: “ angifuni ukukhuluma nawe ngaphandle kommeli wami. ̵

Okumelwe Ukwenze Uma Amalungelo Akho Ephulwa

Ngisho noma wazi amalungelo akho, kungavela ukwephulwa kwemithetho. Abaphathi-mpi bangase bafune ngaphandle kwemvume noma izimbangela ezilindelekile, basebenzise amandla eqile, noma baqhubeke bebuza ngemva kokuba usucele ilungelo lakho ukuba uthule. Uma usola ukuthi uphule, thatha izinyathelo ezilandelayo:

1. [[IFLT:0] hlala uphephile futhi ungalwi ngokomzimba. Ukumelana nokuboshwa noma ukulwa nephoyisa kungaholela ekumangalelweni nasekulimaleni okwengeziwe. Uma uhambisana nomboniso, kodwa kwenze kucace ukuthi awuvumelani.
   
2. Uxwebhu lonke. Ngokushesha uma kuphephile ukwenza kanjalo, bhala phansi: usuku, isikhathi, nendawo; isikhulu i-̱ igama nenombolo yebheji; inombolo yemoto yabo; ofakazi; futhi okuthe ngqo okwenzeka. Uma ulimele, thatha izithombe zokulimala. Uma uphenyisiwe, phawula ukuthi isiphi isikhala esisuliwe.
   
3. Umbombo wesikhalo. Umnyango ngamunye wamaphoyisa unengxenye yezindaba zangaphakathi noma i-bureau yezindinganiso zobuchwepheshe. Ungafaka isikhalo esingokomthetho, nakuba uphengululo luvame ukuba lude. Gcina ikhophi yesikhalo sakho nanoma isiphi impendulo.
   
4. Uhlangana nommeli wamalungelo omphakathi. Uma amalungelo akho ephulwa ngokungathi sína − njengokufuna okungekho emthethweni, amandla adlulele, noma ukuboshwa ngokungeyikho — uthola ummeli ofunda ngezimiso zokuziphatha okubi zamaphoyisa noma amalungelo omphakathi. Ungaba nezizathu zokumangalelwa kwemithetho yezenhlalakahle ngaphansi kweSigaba 1983 soMthetho we-Civil Rights Act, okukuvumela ukuba umangalelwe ngokulimaza uma izikhulu zikahulumeni zephula amalungelo akho omthetho.
   
5. Izinhlangano zobubonisi. Ezingazuzisi njenge ACLU kanye ne-[FLT] esemthethweni yasekhaya imitholampilo yosizo [ inganikeza isiqondiso kanye nokumelelwa okungokomthetho ngezinye izikhathi. Amadolobha amaningi anezikhungo zokubukeza amaphoyisa asebusweni obusayo abukeza izikhalo ngokumelene nabaphathi.

Ukucatshangelwa Okukhethekile Kwabangahloniphi

Uma ungeyena isakhamuzi sase-U.S., unamalungelo afanayo nawesine, wesihlanu, noweSihlanu weSichibiyelo sesithupha njengezakhamuzi phakathi nokuxhumana kwamaphoyisa. Nokho, ukuphoqelelwa kokufuduka kwenezela ubunkimbinkimbi. Unelungelo lokwenqaba ukutshengisa amaphepha okungena ephoyiseni ngaphandle kokuba imvume esemthethweni noma umthetho wenkantolo ufuna lokho. Ungaqambi amanga ngesimo sakho sesizwe. Uma ubuzwa ngesimo sakho sokufuduka, ungasho: [[FL:0] &820; nginelungelo lokuthula. I-ifuna ukukhuluma nommeli we-zenzwe. uma uboshelwa ngokushesha. Njengenhlangano [FFF:]

Amacebiso Awusizo Okuhlala Uphephile

• [[QUE:%0] Hlala uzolile futhi uhloniphekile. Iphimbo lenhlonipho lingasusa ukucindezeleka. Gwema ukugijima, ukumemeza, noma ukwenza ijubane elisheshayo.
  
• [[I-FLT:0] Gcina izandla zakho zibonakala ngazo zonke izikhathi. abaholi bachaza izandla ezifihliwe njengosongo.
  
• Ungathinti isikhulu. Noma yikuphi ukuthintana ngokomzimba /embala ukushaya isikhulu ehlombe /] kungachazwa njengokuhlasela.
  
• Uma umiswa emotweni yakho, gcina izandla zakho egunjini lokuqondisa noma ebhodini. linda kuze kube yilapho iphoyisa licela ukuba uthathe amadokhumende ngaphambi kokuba uwafinyelele.
  
• Iqophe noma iphathe ikhadi lakho-elaziyo-amalungelo. Amakhadi anemiyalo elula kanye nezinombolo zelayini eshisayo atholakala kumaqembu e-ACLU kanye namanye ama-adovocacy.
  
• [ fundisa umkhaya wakho nabangane. Ukuxoxa ngalamalungelo nabanye kungasiza wonke umuntu ukuba ahlale ephephile phakathi nokuhlangana namaphoyisa.

Ukuhlala Unolwazi Futhi Ukulungele

Amalungelo akho awakho ngokwemvelo . Awazikhuseli ongazisebenzisa nsuku zonke. Kodwa amalungelo aphumelela kakhulu uma wazi ukuthi angawaqinisa kanjani ngokucacile nangokuzolile. Yenza amagama anjenge-“ ngihlala buthule, i-̵ i-̴ i-I ayivumi, i” ne-#8220; ifuna ummeli. Ifuna i-Association of the State iR imithetho eqondile, ngoba ezinye izisho ukuthi inezikhuseli ezengeziwe (ngesibonelo, idinga isiqinisekiso se-cell phone yemininingwane ye-meter umayela ngaphezu kwalokho okufunwa umthetho wezwe). Ifuna imithombo ethembekile njenge-[FLD: 0]

Ukwazi amalungelo akho ezakhamuzi akuqinisekisi ukuthi uzobhekana nenkinga, kodwa kukunika amathuluzi okuhamba ngethemba. Uma uqonda amalungelo akho futhi uwasebenzisa ngokufanele, unciphisa ingozi yokuwanyusela nokuvikela ukuma kwakho okungokomthetho kufanele kuye enkantolo. Ukuzilungiselela kuyisenzo sokuzimela nokwenza umsebenzi womphakathi.