Table of Contents
Igatsha eliphethe likahulumeni wase-United States lingenye yezinsika ezintathu zentando yeningi yaseMelika, lisebenza ngokungakhathali nsuku zonke ukuze lisebenzise imithetho, livikele izakhamuzi, futhi liqinisekise ukusebenza okunenzuzo kwezinhlelo nezinkonzo eziningi ezithinta cishe zonke izici zokuphila kwaseMelika. Amandla eGatsha Eliphetheyo abekwe kuMongameli wase-United States, osebenza futhi njengomholi wezwe noMkhuzi wamabutho ahlomile. Ukuqonda indlela leligatsha elisebenza futhi lisebenze ngayo umphakathi kubalulekile kuzakhamuzi zonke ezifuna ukusebenzelana nohulumeni wazo.
Kuhlanganisa amalungu ebutho lezikhali, iGatsha Eliphethe imishini lisebenzisa amaMelika angaphezu kwezigidi ezine.
Isisekelo: Amandla Omthetho - sisekelo Nezakhiwo
Ngaphansi kweSiphakamiso II soMthetho - sisekelo, uMongameli unomthwalo wokukhipha nokugcinwa kwemithetho esungulwe yiSishaya - mthetho. Lomthwalo wemfanelo oyisisekelo uthonya konke okwenziwa igatsha eliphethe, kusukela ekusabeleni ezinhlekeleleni ezingokwemvelo kuya ekuqhubeni isimiso sakwamanye amazwe sokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kokudla.
UMongameli unomthwalo wemfanelo wokusebenzisa nokumisa imithetho ebhalwe yiSishaya - mthetho futhi, ukuze enze lokho, umisa abaholi bezinhlangano zeFederal, kuhlanganise neKhabhinethi. Lobubukhoma bumelela enye yezindlela ezibaluleke kakhulu uMongameli aqondisa ngazo isimiso sikahulumeni nezinto eziza kuqala.
Indima Nemithwalo Yemfanelo Kamongameli
UMongameli ufeza imisebenzi eminingi ebucayi ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ngaphandle kokuba umholi omkhulu wezwe, uMongameli usebenza njengenhloko kazwelonke, emelela i-United States ezindabeni zezokuxhumana nemisebenzi yemikhosi. NjengoMphathi-i-Chief, uMongameli unegunya eliphelele phezu kwamabutho empi esizwe, enza izinqumo ezibucayi mayelana nezokuvikela isizwe nemisebenzi yezempi.
Lo myalo usebenza njengamathuluzi anamandla okusebenzisa izinguquko ezingokwesimiso nokuqondisa ukusebenza kwezinhlangano zikahulumeni ngaphandle kokufuna umthetho omusha ovela kuMkhandlu.
UMongameli futhi unamandla angenamkhawulo okudlulisela ukuthethelelwa nokukhohliswa kobugebengu obungohulumeni, ngaphandle kwalapho kukhishwa impoqo.
UMongameli unemfuneko engokomthetho "ngesikhathi ngasinye enika iCongress Information of the State of the Union, futhi atusa ukuba bacabangele izilinganiso ezinjalo njengoba eyozahlulela ngokudingekile nangokufanelekile," futhi abaMongameli ngokwesiko baye banikeza iSizwe se-Union enqubeni ehlangeneyo yeSishaya-Mkhandlu ngasinye ngoJanuwari ehlela uhlelo lwabo lonyaka ozayo.
Indima Ebucayi Yokusekela Komongameli
Isekela likamongameli liyamsekela umongameli, futhi uma umongameli engakwazi ukukhonza, isekela likamongameli liba umongameli.
Isekela likamongameli futhi lengamela iSigele sase-U.S. futhi iphula izibopho kumavoti eNdlu. Lendima ehlukene ihlanganisa amagatsha aphethe nezomthetho, inikeza uMongameli ophethe isikhundla esiyingqayizivele esimisweni sikahulumeni kahulumeni.
IKhabhinethi: Abaholi Bomongameli Nabaholi BoMnyango
IKhabhinethi iyindikimba yokwabela eyakhiwa abaholi beminyango engu-15 ephethe, emiswe nguMongameli futhi iqinisekiswe yiSigele, futhi amalungu eKhabhinethi ngokuvamile angamalungu oMongameli asondelene kakhulu. Laba bantu baletha ulwazi oluvela ezindaweni zabo zezimiso futhi basize ekuhleleni izinto eziza kuqala nezinqubo zesimiso.
Ngaphezu kokuqhuba izinhlangano zikahulumeni ezinkulu, zifeza indima ebalulekile ohlwini lobuPresidenti lokulandelana (há ngemva kokuba uMongameli onguMongameli, uMongameli Wendlu, noMongameli weSishaya - mthetho ipro - pritiore, uhlu lokulandelana luyaqhubeka namahhovisi eKhabhithi ngokulandelana okwasungulwa ngayo iminyango.
Wonke amalungu eKhabhinethi athatha isiqu sikaNobhala, ngaphandle kwenhloko yoMnyango Wezobulungisa, obizwa ngokuthi u-Attorney General. Lo mhlangano obizwa ngokuthi i-metayo ubonisa intuthuko engokomlando kahulumeni kahulumeni nendima ekhethekile yoMnyango Wobulungisa ekusekeleni umthetho.
Indlela Igatsha Eliphethe Elikhonza Ngayo Izakhamuzi ZaseMelika
Igatsha eliphethe lithinta ukuphila kwabantu baseMelika ngezindlela eziningi, kusukela esikhathini abavuka ngaso kuze kube yilapho belala.
Izinhlangano zeKhabhinethi nezinhlangano ezizimele zeFederal zinomthwalo wemfanelo wokuqinisekisa nokuqondisa imithetho yeFederal usuku nosuku, futhi leminyango nezinhlangano zinemisebenzi nemithwalo yemfanelo eyandayo njengaleyo ye - Department of Defense and the Environmental Protection Agency, i - Social Security Administration, ne - Security and Exchange Commission.
Ukulondeka Kwesizwe Nokuzivikela
Ukuvikela izwe nezakhamuzi zalo kumelela omunye wemithwalo yemfanelo ebaluleke kakhulu yegatsha elikhulu. Izinhlangano eziningi zisebenza ndawonye ukuqinisekisa amaMelika ukuba aphile, asebenze, futhi ahambe ngokuphepha.
UMnyango Wezokuvikela uyinhlangano kahulumeni enkulu kunazo zonke futhi uhlanganisa labo abakhonza emsebenzini okhuthele, izisebenzi ezivamile, nalabo abakhonza emabuthweni e - National Guard neReserve, futhi ndawonye, izikhali zezempi nezezakhamuzi zaseDOD zivikela izithakazelo zethu zesizwe ngezinkonzo zokulwa impi, zokusiza abantu, nokugcina ukuthula nezinhlekelele.
Imisebenzi ye - Department of Homeland Security iwukuvimbela nokuphazamisa ukuhlasela kwamaphekula; ukuvikela abantu baseMelika, izakhiwo zethu ezibucayi nemithombo yengcebo eyinhloko; nokusabela futhi ululame kunoma iziphi izenzakalo ezenzekayo, futhi i - DHS yamiswa yi - Homeland Security Act ka - 2002, ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yokuhlasela kwamaphekula ngo - September 11, 2001.
I - Department of Homeland Security ivimbela futhi iphazamise ukuhlasela kwamaphekula nge - Shecle Service ne - Treaty Administration (TSA); ivikela isisekelo esibucayi nge - Cybersecurity and Infrapublic Security Agency (CISA); isabela ezinhlekeleleni zemvelo nge - Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA); ivikela imingcele eCP nokhuseleko lwe - Bordive Protectionment (CP), kanye nemithetho yokuthutha nge - Immigration and Immoroundation (ICE).
Impilo Yomphakathi Nezinkonzo Zomphakathi
Imbalwa iminyango ephethe ethinta amaMelika ngokuqondile nangokubanzi njengoMnyango Wempilo Nezinkonzo Zobuntu.
Amanxusa e - HHS aqhuba ukucwaninga kwezempilo nesayensi yezenhlalo, asebenzela ukuvimbela nokusabela ekuqubukeni kwezifo, aqinisekise ukudla nokuphepha kwezidakamizwa, futhi anikeze izinzuzo zempilo kwasebekhulile kanye nabasengozini ngokwezimali, futhi ngaphezu kokunikeza uMedicare noMedicaid, okuhlangene okunikeza umuntu oyedwa kwamathathu aseMelika, iHS futhi uqondisa i - National Institutes of Health, i - Food and Drug Administration, kanye ne - Centers for Disease Adciod Administration.
I-Food and Drug Administration ivikela impilo yomphakathi ngokuqinisekisa ukuphepha nokusebenza kwemithi, imishini yezokwelapha, imikhiqizo yokudla, kanye nezimonyo. I Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ihlola ukuqubuka kwezifo, iphethe ukucwaninga okubalulekile kwezempilo, futhi inikeza isiqondiso phakathi nezimo eziphuthumayo zezempilo zomphakathi. I-National Institutes of Health Office inikeza ukucwaninga kwezokwelapha okuholela ekutholeni ukwelashwa okusha nokwelashwa kwezifo.
Ukulondeka Kwezomnotho Nokuqina Kwezimali
UMnyango weNkampane uqinisekisa ukuchuma kwezomnotho zesizwe futhi uvikela isimiso sezimali ngokuthuthukisa ukuzinza kwezimali; ukuveza imali; ukususa intela emphakathini; nokuqoqa. Imali ngayinye ekhokhwayo, intengo, nokukhokhwa kwezentengo yeNhlalaphansi kuhilela imisebenzi yoMnyango Wezimali.
I - Social Security Administration iphatha esinye sezinhlelo zomshuwalense ezibaluleke kakhulu emlandweni waseMelika, inikeza izigidi zabantu baseMelika umhlalaphansi, ukukhubazeka, kanye nabasindayo izinzuzo ezingokwezimali.
I - SEC ivikela abatshali bezimali, igcina izimakethe ezilungile, ezihlelekile neziphumelelayo, futhi yenza kube lula ukusungula inhloko - dolobha.
Imfundo Nentuthuko Esebenzayo
UMnyango Wemfundo usebenza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi wonke amaMelika ayakwazi ukuthola amathuba emfundo ephakeme. Umsebenzi we-Dipatimenti yemfundo ukuthuthukisa ukufunda nokulungiselela amakholiji, imisebenzi, nobuzwe embulungeni yonke ngokuthuthukisa imfundo engcono nokuqinisekisa ukufinyelela okulinganayo emvuthweni yemfundo, futhi uMnyango unikeza usizo lwezezimali lwemfundo ephakeme, uqondisa izinhlelo zemfundo nemithetho yamalungelo omphakathi ekhuthaza ukuzuza amathuba okufunda ngokulingana, ukuqoqa ukwaziswa nokucwaninga ezikoleni zemfundo zaseMelika ukuqondisa intuthuko yezemfundo.
UMnyango Wezisebenzi uvikela amalungelo ezisebenzi, uthuthukisa ukuphepha emsebenzini, futhi usiza amaMelika ukuba athole umsebenzi futhi athuthukise amakhono omsebenzi. Ukusukela ekubekeni imithetho yeholo elincane kuya ekuqondiseni izinhlelo zomshuwalense wokuswelakala umsebenzi, uMnyango wezisebenzi usebenza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izisebenzi zaseMelika zithola ithuba lokwelashwa ngokufaneleyo kanye nezomnotho.
Izinkonzo Nezisekelo Zabahlali
I - Department of Veterans Affairs yengamela izinhlelo zabangomakadebona, imikhaya yabo, kanye nabancikile babo abasele, kuhlanganise nembuyiselo yokukhubazeka, imali ebolekwa ekhaya, umshuwalense wokuphila, ukunakekelwa kokwelashwa.
IVA iphethe esinye sezimiso zezokunakekelwa kwempilo ezinkulu kakhulu kulelizwe, inikeza usizo lwezokwelapha ezigidini zabantu abangomakad ’ ebona ezibhedlela, emitholampilo, nasemakhayeni asebekhulile kulo lonke izwe. Ngaphandle konovemvane bempilo, i-VA isiza omakad’ebona ukuba bathole izinzuzo zemfundo, balondoloze imali yabo ebolekwayo yasekhaya, futhi bathole isinxephezelo ngokukhubazeka okuhlangene nenkonzo.
Izinhlangano Eziphethe Eziyishumi Nanhlanu
Umnyango ngamunye ugxila ezicini ezithile zesimiso futhi ufeza izinqubo ezihlukene, nakuba ngokuvamile bebambisana ezindabeni ezinqamula imingcele yemithetho.
Umnyango Wezolimo
UMnyango Wezolimo (USDA) waseU.S. uthuthukisa futhi ufeze isimiso sokulima, ezolimo, nokudla, futhi izinhloso zawo zihlanganisa ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zabalimi nabafuyi, ukuthuthukisa ukuhwebelana nokukhiqiza, ukuphepha kokudla okuqinisekisayo, ukuvikela imithombo yemvelo, ukukhulisa imiphakathi yasemaphandleni, nokuqeda indlala eMelika nakwamanye amazwe.
I - USDA inezinhlangano ezingu - 29, kuhlanganise ne - Animal and Plan Health Inspecton Service, i - Food and Nutrition Service, ne - Forest Service, nemali eningi yomnyango ibhekise ezimisweni eziphoqelelwe ezinikeza izinkonzo ezifunwa umthetho, njengomshuwalense wezitshalo, izinhlelo zokusiza ngokudla, izinhlelo zokuthenga nokuhweba, kanye nezinhlelo eziningana zokulondoloza imvelo.
Izinhlelo zokusiza kokudla ze-USDA, kuhlanganise ne-Someral Nutrition Application Program (SNAP) nezinhlelo zasemini yesikole, zisiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi izigidi zamaMelika ziyakwazi ukuthola ukudla okwanele. Umnyango usekela futhi ukuthuthuka kwasemaphandleni, usiza abalimi ukuba bathole umshuwalense wokuthenga izimali kanye nomshuwalense wezitshalo, futhi baphathe izigidi zamahektare amahlathi esizwe.
UMnyango Wezentengiselwano
UMnyango Wezohwebo uhulumeni unikeza izinhlangano umsebenzi, ukukhuphuka kwezomnotho namathuba okuwenza.
I-United States Census Bureau iwumthombo ophambili wokwaziswa okusezingeni eliphezulu ngabantu balelizwe nangomnotho. I-Census Bureau iqhuba ukubalwa kwabantu okufunwa uMthetho-sisekelo futhi iveza izibalo eziqhubekayo ngomphakathi, izindlu, nomsebenzi wezomnotho ozisa izinqumo zezimiso kanye nohlelo lwezebhizinisi.
I-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) isebenza ukugcina izakhamuzi zaziwa ngezindawo ezizungezile ezishintshayo. I-NOA inikeza izibikezelo zezulu, iqondisa ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu, ilawula ukudoba, futhi yenza ucwaningo oluvikela ukuphila nempahla.
I - United States Patennt and Trademark Office iyinhlangano ephethe ukunikeza imvume nezimpawu zeU.S. isivikelo sempahla ehlakaniphile sikhuthaza ukusungula izinto futhi sisize amabhizinisi aseMelika ancintisane emhlabeni wonke.
Umnyango Wezokuvikela
Njengomnyango omkhulu kunayo yonke, uMnyango Wezokuvikela ulondoloza amabutho adingayo ukuze kuvinjelwe impi futhi kuvikelwe ukulondeka kwesizwe.Umnyango wengamela iButho Lempi, iButho Lasendle, iButho Lasemoyeni, iMarine Corps, neSikhungo Sezikhungo Sezindiza, kanye nezinhlangano eziningi zokuvikela nezinhlangano ezisekela.
Ngaphandle kwemisebenzi yezempi engokwesiko, uMnyango Wezokuvikela unikeza usizo lwezenhlalakahle phakathi nezinhlekelele, uqhube imikhankaso yokugcina ukuthula, futhi ulondoloze isithiyo senuzi. Lomnyango uvota kakhulu ekucwaningeni nasekuthuthukeni, kuholele ekusungulweni kwemisebenzi yezobuchwepheshe ezuzisa umphakathi.
Umnyango Wamandla
I-Derpartment of Energy (DOE) ithuthukisa ukulondeka kwezomnotho nesizwe saseMelika ngokukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa komnotho, ukuhlanzeka, namandla abizayo, isekela ukuxhaswa kwezimali ukuze kwenziwe ukucwaninga kwesayensi ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuncintisana kwezomnotho kwaseMelika nokuthuthukisa izinga lokuphila kwezakhamuzi zethu, futhi futhi isebenza ngokuqinisekisa ukulondeka kwenuzi nesivikelo sendawo ngokunikeza ifa eliwumthwalo wokwenza izikhali zenuzi.
I-DOE iphatha izikhali zenuzi zalelizwe ezinqwabelene, isebenza amagumbi okuhlola ezwe aphethe ukucwaninga kwezesayensi okungalawuleki, futhi isebenzela ukusungula ubuchwepheshe obusha bamandla. Lomnyango wengamela futhi ukuhlanzwa kwezindawo ezingcoliswe phakathi nohlelo lwezikhali zenuzi zeMpi Yomshoshaphansi.
UMnyango Wempilo Nezinkonzo Zabantu
Njengoba kuxoxwe ngakho ekuqaleni, i - HHS isebenza izinhlelo ezithinta impilo nenhlalakahle yezigidi zabantu baseMelika ngokuqondile.
UMnyango Wezokulondeka Kwasekhaya
Njengoba yadalwa ngenxa yokuhlasela kwamaphekula ngo - September 11, 2001, i - Department of Homeland Security yamisa izinhlangano ezingu - 22 ezihlukahlukene zaba umnyango onobunye owawugxile ekuvikeleni izwe laseMelika.
Imithwalo yemfanelo yomnyango isukela ekuhloleni abagibeli bezindiza kuya ekuvikeleni uMongameli, ekusabeleni eziphephweni nasekulondolozeni isisekelo solwembu jikelele sezwe. Lo msebenzi ohlukene uveza izinsongo nezinselele eziningi ezihlukene ezibhekene nesizwe ekhulwini lama-21.
UMnyango Wezindlu Nentuthuko Yasemadolobheni
I-Derrement of House and Urban Development (HUD) iyinhlangano kahulumeni ephethe izimiso nezinhlelo ezisingatha izidingo zezindlu zaseMelika, ukuthuthukisa nokumisa imiphakathi yesizwe, nokuphoqelela imithetho yezindlu elungile.
I-HUD iqondisa izinhlelo ezisiza imikhaya ethola imali encane ukuba ithole izindlu, inqande ukungabi namakhaya, ikhuthaze ukuthuthuka komphakathi ezindaweni ezigciniwe, futhi iqinisekise ukuthi ukucwaswa kwezindlu kwenqatshelwe. I-Federal Home Administration yomnyango we-Federal Home Administration, yenza ukuba indawo yokuhlala itholakale kakhulu ezigidi zama-Melika.
Umnyango Wengaphakathi
UMnyango Wezangaphakathi uphatha amazwe omphakathi nemithombo yemvelo, kuhlanganise amapaki esizwe, iziphephelo zezilwane, nezindawo ezinkulu zezwe ezisentshonalanga. Lomnyango futhi uthembele emithwalweni yemithwalo yemfanelo ezizweni zomdabu zaseMelika nase-Alaska.
I-Geological Survey yase-U.S. "iqoqo, ama-gallery, imishini, ihlaziya, futhi inikeza ukuqonda okungokwesayensi ngezimo zemvelo zezisekelo, izimpikiswano nezinkinga." Lokhu kucwaninga kwesayensi kwazisa izinqumo mayelana nokulawulwa kwezinto ezingokwemvelo, izingozi zemvelo ezilungiselelwe, kanye nokuvikelwa kwendawo ezungezile.
IBureau of Land Management yengamela amakhulu ezigidi zezigidi zezwe lomphakathi, ilinganisela ukulondolozwa kwezindawo ngokunenzuzo. I-National Park Service ilondoloza izindawo eziyigugu kakhulu zemvelo nezomlando zaseMelika zezizukulwane zamanje nezesikhathi esizayo ezizozijabulela.
UMnyango Wobulungisa
I- Justice Department imisa umthetho kahulumeni, imelela i-United States ezindabeni zomthetho, futhi iqondisa isimiso somthetho kahulumeni. Iholwa yi-Attorney General, umnyango uhlanganisa i-Federal Bureau of Investigation, i-Drug Enforcement Administration, i-Bureau of Prison, ne-U.S. Attorney's kulo lonke izwe.
Umnyango uqulisa amacala kahulumeni, uphoqelela imithetho yamalungelo abantu, uqondisa isimiso samajele sikahulumeni, futhi unikeza iseluleko esingokomthetho kuMongameli nasezinhlanganweni eziphethe.
UMnyango Wezisebenzi
I-Orthower Department ivikela amalungelo ezisebenzi futhi ithuthukise izithakazelo zazo zezomnotho. Umnyango umisa imithetho elawula ukuphepha emsebenzini, iholo elilinganiselwe neholo elithatha isikhathi esengeziwe, ikhefu lomkhaya nelokwelapha, kanye nesivikelo ekucwaseni ngemisebenzi.
I - Occupational Safety and Health Administration imisa futhi iphoqelele ukuba kuvinjelwe ukulimala nokufa emsebenzini, futhi umnyango uqoqa futhi ukhiphe izibalo zemisebenzi ezisiza abenzi bemithetho namabhizinisi ukuba baqonde izinqubo zezemisebenzi.
Umnyango Wezwe
UMnyango Wezwe ufeza indima ephambili ekuthuthukiseni nasekusebenziseni isimiso somongameli wangaphandle, futhi imithwalo yemfanelo emikhulu ihlanganisa ukumelelwa kwe-United States phesheya, isakhamuzi sase-U.S. sisiza kokubili ekhaya naphesheya, usizo lwakwamanye amazwe, izinhlelo zokuqeqeshela impi kwamanye amazwe, imizamo yokunqanda ubugebengu bezizwe zakwamanye amazwe, nokuqamba ukungenela kwezizwe ezifuna ukungena e-United States.
IMelika ilondoloza ubuhlobo obungokwenhlalo namazwe angaba ngu - 190 .emponentswana nezisebenzi zenkonzo zamazwe angaphandle zase-U.S.
I-passs yoMnyango Wezwe ukhipha amafass kanye namabhusayithi, isiza amaMelika ahamba noma ahlala kwamanye amazwe, ixoxa ngezivumelwano nezivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe, futhi inikeza usizo lwangaphandle ukuze kusekelwe ukuthuthuka nezidingo zokusiza umphakathi emhlabeni wonke. Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe ngezimiso zakwamanye amazwe nasemizamo yezokuxhumana, vakashela ingosi yoMnyango weSizwe [ weSizwelonke.
Umnyango Wezokuhamba
Umsebenzi we - Department of Transportation (DOT) uwukuqinisekisa ukuthi kunesimiso sokuhamba esisheshayo, esiphephile, esiphumelelayo, esifinyelelekayo nesiwusizo esihlangabezana nezithakazelo ezibalulekile zezwe lethu futhi sithuthukisa izinga lokuphila kwabantu baseMelika.
Lomnyango wengamela i-Federal Aviation Administration, elawula ukulawulwa kwezindiza nokuphepha kwezindiza; i-Federal Highway Administration, esekela isimiso somgwaqo omkhulu wasezweni; ne-National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, emisa izinga lokuphepha kwezimoto futhi isebenzela ukunciphisa ukubulala kwezimoto. Ezinye izinhlangano zeDOT zilawula izitimela, amapayipi, kanye nokuthutha kwasolwandle.
UMnyango Wezimali
Ngaphandle kwendima yayo enkambisweni yezomnotho nasekuqondiseni ngokwezimali, uMnyango Wezimali ukhiqiza yonke imali nemali yezimali zaseU.S., uqoqa intela kahulumeni nge - Internal Revenue Service, uphatha izimali zikahulumeni, futhi uphoqelela izijeziso ezingokomnotho kuphikisa abaphikisi bakwamanye amazwe.
I-IRS iqoqa izigidigidi zamaRandi emalini ehholweni lentela unyaka ngamunye, ihlela amakhulu ezigidi zentela ekhokhelwayo, futhi iphoqelele imithetho yentela yesizwe. I-Office of Foreign Assets Control inikeza izinhlelo zezomnotho ezisebenza njengamathuluzi abalulekile ezimiso zakwamanye amazwe.
Umnyango Wezindaba Zezigelekeqe
IVA imelela isibopho sikahulumeni kahulumeni kulabo ababesebenza ngeyunifomu. Ngaphandle kokunakekela ezempilo nokusiza ukuphatha, amathuna esizwe i-VA asebenza, inikeza izinkonzo zokungenela ezibucayi komakhelwane abasosizini, futhi isebenza ukuvimbela ukungabi namakhaya kwakudala.
Lomnyango uye wazivumelanisa nokusiza omakad’ebona bezimpi zamuva eIraq naseAfghanistan kuyilapho uqhubeka unakekela abantu asebekhulile abangomakad ’ ebona abavela ezimpini zangaphambili. izikhungo zezokwelapha zinikeza ukunakekela okukhethekile kwezimo ezivamile phakathi kwabangomakad ’ ebona, kuhlanganise nokulimala kobuchopho okubuhlungu nokucindezeleka ngemva kokucindezeleka.
Izinhlangano Ezizimele Nemisebenzi Yazo Ebalulekile
UMongameli umisa izinhloko zezinye izinhlangano eziphethe njengeCIA neNzalo Yokuvikela, abaholi bazo abangaphansi kwegunya eligcwele likaMongameli, futhi bamisa nezinduna zezinhlangano zikahulumeni ezingaphezu kuka - 50 ezizimele, njengeFederal Reserve Board ne - Securence and Exchange Commission, kanye nabahluleli abaphethe i - Federal, amanxusa nezinye izikhulu zikahulumeni.
Izinhlangano ezizimele yilezo eziyingxenye ye - EOP futhi ezingekho ngaphansi kweminyango eyinhloko engu - 15 ephethe eKhabhinethi, futhi lokhu akuzenzeli ukuba zibe nethonya eliphansi, njengoba abaningi besasebenza ngemisebenzi kahulumeni ephawulekayo, ezomnotho, nakwezokwengamela, futhi lezizinhlangano zisebenza ngesilinganiso esithile sokuzibusa.
I - Agency Yokuvikela Indawo Ezungezile
I-EPA ivikela impilo yabantu nendawo ezungezile ngokumisa imithetho evimbela ukungcola, iqinisekise umoya ohlanzekile namanzi nokulawula imfucumfucu eyingozi. Le nhlangano ihlela izindinganiso zendawo ezungezile, iziqondiso, futhi isebenza nezifunda nezindawo ukuze ixazulule izinselele zendawo ezungezile.
Kusuka ekulawuleni ukukhishwa kwegesi ezimbonini nasezimotweni kuya ekuhlanzeni izindawo ezingcolisiwe kuya ekuvikeleni izinhlobo zezilwane ezisengozini, umsebenzi we-EPA uthinta izinga lokuphefumula kwabaseMelika, amanzi abawaphuzayo, nendawo abadlula kuyo ezisizukulwaneni ezizayo. Funda okwengeziwe ngemizamo yokuvikela indawo ezungezile engosini ye-webhsayithi [ ye-EPA'.
Imishini Nesimiso Sezwe Sokuqondisa Imkhathi
Lenhlangano iye yabeka abantu eMoon, yathumela abahloli bamanani kuyiMars nangalé kwayo, yenza i - International Space Station, futhi yasungula ubuchwepheshe obusha obuvame ukuthola imishini ekuphileni kwansuku zonke.
Iziphuphutheki ze-NASA ezihlola umhlaba zinikeza ukwaziswa okubucayi mayelana nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, isimo sezulu, nezinhlekelele zemvelo. Ukucwaninga kwenhlangano kusiza ekuqondeni kwesayensi kanye nokusungulwa kwezobuchwepheshe kuyilapho kukhuthaza izizukulwane ezintsha ukuba ziphishekele imisebenzi yesayensi nobunjiniyela.
Ukuqondiswa Kwezokulondeka Komphakathi
I - SSA inikeza abantu inzuzo yokuthatha umhlalaphansi, ukukhubazeka, kanye nabasindayo, okunikeza amashumi ezigidi zabantu baseMelika ukulondeka kwezomnotho. Lolu hlelo luyinqubo ephumelela kakhulu yokulwa nobumpofu emlandweni waseMelika, okunciphisa kakhulu ubumpofu phakathi kwabantu asebekhulile baseMelika.
Le nhlangano isebenzisa izigidi zezicelo ezizuzisayo unyaka ngamunye, ilondoloza amarekhodi emali etholwa izisebenzi zaseMelika, kanti ikhipha izinombolo ze - Social Security.
I - Agency Ephakathi Yobuhlakani
ICIA iqoqa futhi ihlaziye ukuhlakanipha ngezingozi zamazwe angaphandle. Le nkampani isebenza phesheya ukuze iqoqe ukwaziswa, ithathe amaqhinga lapho igunyazwe nguMongameli, futhi inikeze abenzi bezimiso izingqapheli zokuhlakanipha.
Nakuba umsebenzi omningi weCIA usahlukaniswa, le nhlangano inendima ebalulekile ekuvikeleni ukulondeka kwesizwe ngokunikeza isixwayiso sasekuqaleni ngezingozi, ukusekela imisebenzi yezempi, nokusiza abahleli bezimiso ukuba baqonde izimo eziyinkimbinkimbi zomhlaba wonke.
Ezinye Izimo Ezibalulekile Zokuzibusa
I-Federal Reserve System ilawula isimiso semali futhi ilawula amabhange ukuze athuthukise ukuzinza kwezomnotho nokwanda. I-Federal Trade Commission ivikela abathengi emikhubeni engafanele yezebhizinisi futhi ikhuthaza ukuncintisana. I-Federal Communications Commission ilawula izifundazwe zamazwe ngamazwe nokuxhumana.
I - Small Business Administration isiza abathengisi ukuba baqale futhi bathuthukise amabhizinisi ngezinhlelo zemali ebolekwayo, ngeseluleko, nangokuthola usizo. i - Peace Corps ithumela izisebenzi zokuzithandela zaseMelika kwamanye amazwe ukuba zithuthukise intuthuko nokuqonda amasiko.
Ukuhlola Nokulinganisela: Indlela Igatsha Eliphethe Elisebenzelana Ngayo Namanye Amagatsha
UMthetho-sisekelo umisa isimiso sokuhlola nokulinganisela ukuze uvimbele noma iliphi igatsha elilodwa likahulumeni ukuba lingabi namandla kakhulu. Ikhono legatsha ngalinye lokusabela ezenzweni zamagatsha alo elinye yisimiso sokuhlola nokulinganisela.
Ukuhlolwa Kwemithetho Egunyani Eliphethe
Umongameli angakhipha umthetho osungulwe yiSishaya-mthetho. Nokho, uMkhandlu ungathatha indawo kamongameli ngokuvota okungama-3 amabili endlu naseSigeqeni, uqinisekisa ukuthi isishaya-mthetho siyaqhubeka sinegunya lokugcina lokwenza umthetho.
UKhongolose uqinisekisa noma ulahle ama-minee kamongameli. Lokhu kuqinisekisa kunikeza ithonya elikhulu lesigele ukuthi ubani ohola iminyango yezikhulu nezinhlangano, osebenza ebhentshini likahulumeni, futhi umelela i-United States phesheya.
Inqubo yokungahloniphi, nakuba ingavamile, imelela isheke elibalulekile egunyeni lomphathi futhi ibheka uMongameli njengonecala lokuziphatha okubi okungathi sína.
Izinhlangano eziphethe abaphathi azinakusebenzisa imali ngaphandle kokuba iSishaya - mthetho siyifanele, zinikeza isishaya - mthetho amandla abalulekile ngaphezu kwezinto eziza kuqala nemisebenzi yegatsha eliphethe.
Ukwahlulela Kuhlola Amandla Aphethe
AmaJaji eNkantolo Ephakeme angagumbuqela imithetho engekho emthethweni. izinkantolo zamaFederal zibukeza nezenzo zezikhulu nezimiso zezinhlangano ukuze ziqiniseke ukuthi zivumelana noMthetho - sisekelo nomthetho - sisekelo.
Lapho izinhlangano zikhipha imithetho noma zenza izinqumo ezithinta abantu, lezo zenzo zingabekelwa inselele enkantolo.Abahluleli bahlola ukuthi izinhlangano zazilandela izinqubo ezifanele yini, zenza izinqumo ezivumelana negunya lazo elingokomthetho futhi zenza izinqumo ezisekelwa ubufakazi.
Ukuqondisa Amanye Amagatsha
Lo mbuso uvumela uMongameli ukuba amise amajaji futhi athonye indlela imithetho echazwa futhi isetshenziswe ngayo ezizukulwaneni.
Igunya likaMongameli linikeza ithonya elikhulu egatsheni eliphethe umthetho. Nakuba uMkhandlu ungawadlulisa ama-vetoes, inani eliyisithathu elifunekayo lenza lokhu kube nzima, linika uMongameli amandla anele ezingxoxweni zemithetho.
Ngeziqondiso zezikhulu nangezenzo zokuphatha, uMongameli angathonya ukumiswa kwesimiso ngisho nalapho uMkhandlu ungazimisele noma ungakwazi ukukhipha umthetho omusha.
Indlela Izinkonzo Zomphakathi Eziklama Ngayo Nemithetho Ephoqelelwe
Izinhlangano eziphethe ziyingxenye yegatsha eliphethe iUnited States, futhi ziyindlela uhulumeni asebenzisa ngayo ukuze enze umthetho futhi aqikelele. Lapho uMkhandlu unikeza imithetho, ngokuvamile uthumela igunya ezinhlanganweni eziphethe ukuba zimise imithetho eningiliziwe esebenzisa leyomithetho.
Imishini yezezimali yenzelwe ukuqondisa izimboni, imisebenzi, noma imikhuba edinga ukuqondisa okuseduze noma ubuchwepheshe obukhethekile, ngokwesibonelo, i - Internal Revenue Service, Homeland Security Department, ne - National Institutes of Health.
Inqubo Yokubusa
Lapho izinhlangano zisungula imithetho emisha, zilandela izinqubo ezimiswe yi-Administrative Procedire Act. Izimo zomphakathi kumelwe zinyathelise imithetho ehlongozwayo, zivumele ukukhulumela komphakathi, zicabangele amazwi atholwe, futhi zichaze izinqumo zazo zokugcina. Le nqubo iqinisekisa ukuba sobala futhi inikeza amalungu athintekile ithuba lokuhlanganyela.
Ngemva kokucabangela ukukhulumela komphakathi, izinhlangano zikhipha imithetho yokugcina enamandla omthetho. Lezi zimiso zikhona eMthethweni we-Federal Register, ehlelwe ngezihloko.
Izakhamuzi, amabhizinisi, nezinhlangano zinganikeza izinkulumo ngezimiso ezihlongozwayo, ukunikeza ukwaziswa, ukuveza ukukhathazeka, nokusikisela ezinye izindlela. Izimo eziphuthumayo kumelwe zicabangele lokhu kukhulumela futhi ziphendule ezindabeni ezibalulekile. Lokhu kuhlanganyela komphakathi kusiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi imithetho ihlelwe kahle futhi iyasebenza.
Ukuphoqelelwa Nokuphikiswa
Ngemva kokuba imithetho iqediwe, izinhlangano ziwaphoqelela ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Ezinye izinhlangano zihlola ukuqinisekiswa kokuvumelana nezindinganiso zokuphepha noma zendawo ezungezile. Ezinye zibukeza izicelo nemvume yezincwadi noma izincwadi zokugunyaza. Uma kuvela ukuphulwa, izinhlangano zingaphoqa amafa, amalayisense, noma zithathe ezinye izenzo zokuphoqelela.
Izinhlangano eziningi zinikeza nesiqondiso sokusiza izinhlangano eziqondiswayo ukuba ziqonde futhi zivumelane nezimfuneko. Lesi siqondiso singathatha uhlobo lwezincwadi, imibuzo kaningi, imibono ekhohlisayo, noma usizo lobuchwepheshe. Ngokusiza izinhlangano ukuba zivumelane nezimiso ngokuzithandela, izinhlangano zingayifinyelela ngokushelela ngokwengeziwe imigomo yazo yokuziqondisa.
Ukuhlanganyela Negatsha Eliphethe Izakhamuzi
Izakhamuzi zaseMelika zisebenzelana negatsha eliphethe ngezindlela eziningi, zisebenzisana nezimiso ezizuzisayo zikhulumele ngokufuna usizo ngezinkinga. Ukuqonda indlela yokusebenza ngokuphumelelayo nezinhlangano eziphethe kungasiza izakhamuzi ukuba zingene ezinkonzweni, zithonye ithonya futhi zigcine uhulumeni enecala.
Izinkonzo Zikahulumeni Ezifinyelelayo
Izinhlangano eziphethe zinikeza izakhamuzi izinkonzo ezingenakubalwa. Abantu bafaka isicelo sokukhokhela inzuzo yezenhlala- kahle, iMedicaria, izinzuzo zabafundi abangomakad ’ ebona, imali ebolekwayo yebhizinisi, imali ebolekiwe encane, nezinye izinhlelo eziningi. Bathola amafassport, amafaksi entela yamafayile, futhi bafune usizo phakathi nezinhlekelele.
Izinhlangano eziningi manje zinikeza izinkonzo ku-inthanethi ezenza kube lula ukufaka isicelo sezinzuzo, ukuhlola izinga lokusebenza, nokwaziswa kokungena. Ama-website anjenge-USA.gov asebenza njengezembo ezinkonzweni zikahulumeni, esiza izakhamuzi ukuba zithole ukwaziswa nosizo eziludingayo.
Ukuhlanganyela Enqubweni Yokuqondisa
Izakhamuzi zingathonya imithetho yezinhlangano ngokunikeza izinkulumo ngemithetho ehlotshisiwe. Iwebhusayithi .gov inikeza indawo yesikhululo ephakathi ekutholeni imithetho ehlongozwayo nokunikeza iziphetho. Izinkulumo ezicatshangelwe ezinikeza imininingwane, incazelo yemiphumela, noma ezinye izindlela zingathonya iziqondiso zokugcina.
Izinhlangano eziningi ziqhuba imihlangano yasobala lapho ziveza izinqubo ezinkulu noma zenza izinqumo ezibalulekile. Le mihlangano ivumela izakhamuzi ukuba ziveze ukukhathazeka kwazo, zibuze imibuzo futhi zilalele ngokuqondile ezikhulwini zezinhlangano.
Ukufuna Ulwazi Nosizo
I-Freedom of Information Act inikeza izakhamuzi ilungelo lokucela amarekhodi ezinhlanganweni zikahulumeni. Nakuba okunye ukwaziswa kungakhishwa ngenxa yezindaba zomuntu siqu, ukulondeka kwesizwe, noma ezinye izizathu, i-FOIA inikeza ithuluzi elibalulekile lokubona nokwenza uhulumeni alandise.
Lapho izakhamuzi zinezinkinga ngezinhlangano noma izinhlelo zikahulumeni, zingacela usizo kubameleli bazo abakhethiwe eSishaya - mthetho.
Izinhlangano eziningi zinezisebenzi noma amahhovisi enkonzo asiza izakhamuzi ukuba zixazulule izinkinga nezikhalo. La mahhovisi anganikeza ukwaziswa, asize ekuxhumaneni nezindaba eziphakamayo lapho kuxoxwa nenkampani.
Ihhovisi Eliphethe Lomongameli
Ihhovisi Eliphethe Lomongameli (EOP) lihlanganisa izisebenzi eziseduze zikaMongameli, kanye nezinhlangano ezinjengeHhovisi Lokuphathwa Kwemali Nezohlelo Lohlelo Lokusebenza NeHhovisi Le - United States Trade Administration. La mahhovisi asiza uMongameli ukuba alawule igatsha eliphethe futhi athuthukise isimiso.
Ihhovisi Lokuphatha Nelokusetshenziswa Kwemali
I-OMB isiza uMongameli ekulungiseleleni imali kahulumeni, uMongameli ayinikeza uMkhandlu unyaka ngamunye. Izicelo zemishini yezohlelo lokuhlela ihhovisi, ihlola ukuphumelela kwesimiso, futhi ihlela isimiso sokuqondisa ezinhlanganweni.
I-OMB futhi ibukeza imithetho ehlongozwayo ukuze iqinisekise ukuthi ivumelana nezindawo eziza kuqala zikamongameli futhi ihlangabezane nezindinganiso zezindleko. Lenqubo yokubukeza inikeza i-White House ithonya elikhulu ekubusweni kwezinhlangano.
UMkhandlu Wezokuphepha Wesizwe
I-NSC yeluleka uMongameli ngezindaba zenhlalayenza yesizwe nezindaba zakwamanye amazwe. Umkhandlu uhlanganisa abameleli abaphezulu boMongameli abavikela, abahlakaniphile, nabezinhlonhlo ukuze baqondise isimiso futhi baxazulule izinkinga.
I-National Security Advisor, ehola izisebenzi ze-NSC, ikhonza njengenye yeziphathi zikaMongameli eziseduze kakhulu ezindabeni zomhlaba wonke. i-NSC ihlela isimiso eminyangweni naseminyangweni eminingi ehilelekile ekulondekeni kwesizwe.
UMkhandlu Wabasekeli Bezomnotho
I-CEA inikeza uMongameli ingcingo yezomnotho neseluleko. Izazi zezomnotho zomkhandlu zihlaziya isimo sezomnotho, zihlola izihlongozo zezimiso, futhi zisiza ekuthuthukiseni icebo lezezomnotho lomphathi.
I-CEA ikhiqiza i-Economic Report kaMongameli, ehlaziya izimo zezomnotho futhi ichaze izimiso zezezomnotho zezisebenzi. Lombiko unikeza ukuqonda okubalulekile ngokucabanga kwezimiso zezomnotho nezinto eziza kuqala.
Amanye Amahhovisi E - EOP
I-Office of Science and Technology Policy yeluleka ngesayensi nangezobuchwepheshe. i-Council on Environmental Seaty ihlela isimiso sendawo ezungezile. I-Office of National Drug Control Policy ihlela imizamo yokulawula izidakamizwa ezinhlanganweni.
IHhovisi le Home likaMongameli lihlanganisa abasizi abaseduze kakhulu noMongameli abalawula izindaba zokuxhumana, izindaba zomthetho, amasu ezombangazwe, neminye imisebenzi. La malungu asebenza kuMongameli asiza ukubeka izinto eziza kuqala, ukuxhumana nomphakathi, nokusebenza noKhongolo.
Izinselele Ezibhekene Negatsha Lanamuhla Eliphethe
Ukuqonda lezi zinselele kusiza izakhamuzi ukuba ziqonde ukuthi ziyinkimbinkimbi kangakanani izinto ezenziwa uhulumeni nokubaluleka kokuqhubeka kuthuthukiswa.
Ukuphatha Imibuso Ephakeme
Ukuhlola izinhlangano ezisebenza ngezisebenzi eziyizigidi kanye nezinhlangano ezingamakhulukhulu, kuletha izinselele ezinkulu zokuqondisa igatsha.
Abaholi bavame ukushikashikeka ekulawuleni izinhlangano futhi baqiniseke ukuthi izinhlangano zisebenzisa izinqubo zazo eziza kuqala. Izisebenzi zomphakathi ezisebenza emsebenzini zinikeza ukuqhubekeka nobuchwepheshe kodwa zingase zimelane nezinguquko. Ukulinganisela ukuhola kwezombangazwe nobuchwepheshe kuseyinselele eqhubekayo.
Ukuzivumelanisa Nokushintsha Kwezobuchwepheshe
Izinkonzo zobuchwepheshe zingenza uhulumeni afinyeleleke futhi aphumelele, kodwa zidala nezingozi futhi zidinga ukutshala imali ephawulekayo ezisekelweni zemfundo nobuchwepheshe.
Imishini yezobuchwepheshe kumelwe ivikele ukwaziswa okunesizotha ekuhlaseleni i - Internet kuyilapho yenza nomphakathi uthole ukwaziswa okufanele.
Ukulondoloza Ithemba Lomphakathi
Ukuthembela komphakathi ezinhlanganweni zikahulumeni kuye kwancipha emashumini eminyaka amuva nje. Ukuthembana kokwakha kudinga izinhlangano ukuze zibonise ukufaneleka, ukuba sobala, nokusabela kwezakhamuzi ezikhathazekile. Uma izinhlangano zihluleka ukunikeza izinkonzo ngokuphumelelayo noma zibhekwa njengezingachazeki, ukuthembana komphakathi kuyaphela.
Izindlela zokuvula isivinini, isilinganiso somsebenzi, nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe kungasiza ekubuyiseleni ukuzethemba. Izimo zezokuhlola kumelwe zikhulume ngokuphumelelayo ngomsebenzi wazo futhi zibonise ukubaluleka kwazo ezakhamuzini.
Ukusingatha Izinselele Eziyinkimbinkimbi Zokusetshenziswa Kwesimiso Sezwe
Izinselele eziningi namuhla ezicindezelayo − ukushintsha kwe-inthanethi, ukukhubazeka, ubhadane lwesifo sobuchwepheshe, ukungalingani kwezomnotho − ukusabela okuhlangene phakathi kwezinhlangano eziningi nezingalo zikahulumeni. Izakhiwo zenhlangano nezindlela zendabuko zingase zingakuqondi kahle ukusingatha lezi zinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi, ezihlangeneyo.
Imishini kumelwe ithole izindlela zokubambisana ngokuphumelelayo, ukuhlanganyela ulwazi nemithombo, futhi ithuthukise amasu ahlangene. Lokhu kudinga ukunqanda i-silos, ukwakha ubuhlobo obusha, nokusungula izindlela ezintsha zokuxazulula izinkinga.
Ikusasa Lenkonzo Yegatsha Eliphethe Izisebenzi
Njengoba umphakathi waseMelika uguquka, igatsha eliphethe kumelwe lizivumelanise nokuhlangabezana nezidingo ezishintshayo namathemba.
Izinkonzo Zikahulumeni Ezisetshenziswa Ngemishini
Izakhamuzi zilindele ukuxhumana nohulumeni kuyi - Internet, njengoba nje zingenza namabhizinisi nezinye izinhlangano. Izinkampani zisebenza ukuze zinikeze izinkonzo ezengeziwe ngobuchwepheshe, kusukela ekukhokheleni izintela kuya ekufuneni izinzuzo zokuthola ukwaziswa.
Imishini yezobuchwepheshe ingenza uhulumeni atholakale, ikakhulukazi kubantu abakhubazekile noma abahlala ezindaweni ezikude. Ingathuthukisa futhi inciphise izindleko. Nokho, izinhlangano kumelwe ziqinisekise ukuthi izinkonzo ze-tecs ziwumngane womsebenzisi, zilondekile, futhi zifinyeleleka kubo bonke abantu, kuhlanganise nalabo abangangeni kuyi-intanethi ethembekile.
Ukwenza Isinqumo Semininingwane
Izimo eziphuthumayo zisebenzisa ukwaziswa nokungahloniphi ukuthuthukisa ukwenza izinqumo, imithombo yezisulu ngokuphumelelayo, nemiphumela elinganiswayo. Ukusuka ekubikezeleni ukuqubuka kwezifo kuya ekuhloleni ukuphumelela kohlelo, ukuhlaziya ukwaziswa kungasiza izinhlangano ukuba zisebenze kahle futhi zifinyelele imiphumela engcono.
Nokho, ukusebenzisa ukwaziswa ngokuphumelelayo kudinga ukuvikela amathuba ezindaba zomuntu siqu, ukuqinisekisa izinga lokwaziswa, nokwakha amandla olwazi. Izimo eziphuthumayo kumelwe futhi zidlulisele ubufakazi obucacile futhi zisebenzise ubufakazi ukuze zizise izinqumo zesimiso.
Ukubusa Okunethonya Elikhulu
Izinselele eziningi zidinga ukubambisana ezinhlanganweni, ezizingeni likahulumeni nasezingxenyeni ezithile. Igatsha eliphethe lithuthukisa izindlela ezintsha zokusebenza nohulumeni bendawo, abantu abasebenza nabo emagumbini, izinhlangano ezingazuzisi nezakhamuzi ukuze zibhekane nezinselele.
Lezizindlela ezibambisanayo zingasebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene nemithombo, zakhe ukusekela okukhulu ukuze kutholakale amakhambi, futhi kufinyelele imiphumela engekho muntu ongayifeza eyedwa. Zidinga amakhono amasha, izinqubo, nezingqondo ezigxile ekulawuleni ubuhlobo kunokulawula okuphezulu.
Ukuthuthukiswa Kwezisebenzi
Ukudlulisela abantu abanekhono enkonzweni kahulumeni kudinga isinxephezelo sokuncintisana, umsebenzi onenjongo, amathuba okuthuthukisa intuthuko emisebenzi yobuchwepheshe, nemikhuba yanamuhla yomsebenzi.
Imishini izama ukwakha izisebenzi ezihlukahlukene ezibonisa imiphakathi eziyikhonzayo, futhi ithuthukisa izindlela ezintsha zokuqasha, ukuqeqesha nokugcina izisebenzi ezinolwazi olunzulu ezindaweni ezinjengezentengiselwano ze - Internet, isayensi yokwaziswa, nezinkonzo zemishini.
Isiphetho: Indima ebalulekile yegatsha eliphethe
Ukusuka ekuvikeleni ukulondeka kwesizwe kuya ekunakekeleni ukudla, ekunakekeleni impilo kuya ekuqondiseni amazwe omphakathi, kusukela ekuqondiseni izimakethe zezimali kuya ekusingatheni izinhlekelele, izinhlangano eziphethe zithinta cishe zonke izici zomphakathi waseMelika.
Ukuqonda indlela igatsha eliphethe elisebenza ngayo — isakhiwo, amandla, imithwalo yemfanelo, kanye nokulinganiselwa — kusiza izakhamuzi ukuba zihlanganyele ngokuphumelelayo nohulumeni wazo. Uma zifaka isicelo sezinzuzo, zikhulume ngezimiso, zifune usizo, noma zimane zihlale zinolwazi, izakhamuzi eziqonda igatsha eliphethe zingasekela kangcono izithakazelo zazo futhi zigcine uhulumeni enecala.
Igatsha eliphethe libhekene nezinselele ezinkulu ekukhonzeni umphakathi ohlukahluka kakhulu. Ushintsho lwezetechnology, ukuvinjelwa kwemithetho, ukwanda kwezombangazwe, kanye namathemba omphakathi konke kudala ukucindezela nezimfuno. Nokho umsebenzi oyisisekelo uhlala ukhona: ukugcwalisa imithetho ngokwethembeka, ukukhonza umphakathi ngokuphumelelayo, nokuvikela uMthetho-sisekelo.
Njengezakhamuzi, sonke sinomgoqo ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi igatsha eliphethe lisebenza ngokuphumelelayo futhi lisiza umphakathi ukuba ube nesithakazelo. Ngokuhlala unolwazi, ngokuhlanganyela ezinqubweni zikahulumeni, nangokufuna ukulandisa nokubonakala okuphoqelelayo, singasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi igatsha eliphethe liyaqhubeka likhonza abantu baseMelika kahle ezizukulwaneni ezizayo.
Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe ngegatsha eliphetheyo nendlela yokuthola izinkonzo zikahulumeni, vakashela USUSA.gov, iziqondiso ezingokomthetho zokwaziswa nosizo lukahulumeni. Ukufunda okwengeziwe ngeminyango ethile nezinhlangano, ukuhlola amawebhusayithi azo ngamanye noma jonga i-United States Government Manual[, incwadi engokomthetho kahulumeni wezwe.