Isingeniso: Ukubaluleka Okuhlala Njalo Kwamalungelo Omthetho - sisekelo

Umqondo wamalungelo omthetho-sisekelo nenkululeko wakha isisekelo semiphakathi yanamuhla yentando yeningi. La malungelo asuka empucukweni yokukhuluma nenkululeko engokwenkolo kuya enqubweni efanelekile nasekuvikeleni okufanayo, kodwa ayiyona imicabango engabonakali kodwa izimiso eziphilayo eziye zalolongeka yimizabalazo, impikiswano yefilosofi, kanye nokusungulwa okungokomthetho. Ukuqonda ukuziphendukela okungokomlando kwalamalungelo kubaluleke kakhulu ekuqapheleni isimo sawo samanje nasekulindeleni izinselele ezishintsha ngokushesha ezweni. Kusukela emithethweni yasendulo yobulungisa kuya ezibhalweni zemibhalo yesikhumbuzo yokukhanyiselwa, inkathi ngayinye iye yanezela ekukhanyeni kwezivikelo eziyinkimbinkimbi izakhamuzi ezizijabulelayo manje. Lesi sihloko sibonisa ukuthi uhambo, ukuhlola intuthuko, nokusebenza kwamalungelo omthetho, kuyilapho kuqokomisa imizamo edingekayo ukuze zilondolo futhi zandiswe.

Isisekelo Sasendulo Samalungelo NoMbuso

Kudala ngaphambi kokuba igama elithi “i-constitution” lingene enkulumweni yezombangazwe, impucuko yasendulo yaxabana nemibuzo eyisisekelo mayelana nobulungisa, igunya, nenkululeko yomuntu ngamunye. Imbewu yamalungelo omthetho-sisekelo ingatholakala emibhalweni engokomthetho yase-Mesopotamiya, njenge-Code of Hammurabi (i-circ 1754 BCE), eyasungula isimiso sesijeziso sokulinganisela nomqondo wokuthi imithetho kufanele ibhalwe futhi yaziwe kubo bonke abantu. Nokho, i-Greki neRoma lasendulo kwavela imiqondo ehleliwe kakhulu yesizwe nesivikelo esingokomthetho.

Ukubusa Ngentando Yeningi Kwase - Athene Nomthetho

E-Athene phakathi nekhulu lesihlanu leminyaka i-BCE, izinguquko zeSolon kanye noClisthenes kamuva zasungula uhlobo lwentando yeningi eqondile lapho izakhamuzi zabesilisa ezikhululekile zazingahlanganyela khona emihlanganweni yezomthetho. Ama-Athene futhi asungula umqondo we-Isomia[] ukulingana phambi komthetho, futhi agcizelela ukuthi ngisho nezimantshi zazingaphansi kwemithetho engokomthetho evimbelayo. Nakuba lamalungelo ayekude kakhulu (abesifazane abagxubene nezigqila, nezizwe), ukuhlola kwe-Athene kwabonisa ukuthi ukubusa imithetho ehlangene kunganika amandla kubantu ngabanye nokubekwa kwemithetho ehlangene.

Umthetho WaseRoma Nomqondo Wokuba Umuntu

IRome Republic ne-Rome kamuva uMbuso wamaRoma wanikela kakhulu ekwakheni amalungelo. IThe Twelve Tables (451-450 BCE) yahlanganisa umthetho wamaRoma futhi yenza ukuba itholakale ezakhamuzini, imisa izimiso ezinjengelungelo lokuzivivinya nokuzivikela. Kamuva, abameli bamaRoma bathuthukisa umqondo [[FLT: 0] u-iacius wemvelo [umthetho ongokwemvelo] [nomthetho] u-ius gentium [[[FLT]] (umthetho wabantu], owawukholelwa ukuthi amalungelo athile ayeyingxenye yabo bonke abantu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izakhamuzi. Lemiqondo yamuva yayiyothonya ukucwelela kwelungelo labantu emhlabeni wonke. Isiko lamaRoma lasungula nombono womthetho ongokomthetho olinganayo wesisekelo wesisekelo somthetho wezesizwe.

I - Magna Carta Nokuvela Kukahulumeni Olinganiselwe

Enye yezenzakalo eziphawuleka kakhulu emlandweni wamalungelo omthetho - sisekelo iMagna Carta, eyasayinwa ngo - 1215 iNkosi yaseNgilandi uJohn yacindezelwa ababhishobhi abavukelayo. Nakuba ekuqaleni yayihloselwe ukuxazulula impikiswano yengxabano, ifa elihlala njalo lomthetho - sisekelo lisekuqondweni kwalo kwezimiso ezazidlula umongo wayo wenkathi ephakathi.

Amalungiselelo Ayinhloko Nefa Lawo

IMagna Carta yayinezigaba ezingu- 63, eziningi ezazikhuluma ngezikhalo eziqondile, kodwa izigaba eziningana zaba isisekelo somqondo wamuva womthetho-sisekelo. Ngokwesibonelo, u-Claus 39, wamemezela ukuthi “akekho umuntu okhululekile ozobanjwa noma aboshwe... ngaphandle kwesahlulelo esingokomthetho sontanga yakhe noma umthetho wezwe.” Lokhu kuchazwa kabanzi njengesiqinisekiso sokuqala senqubo efanelekile nesokulunga ekuqulweni okulungile. UClausce 40 wathembisa ukuthi ubulungisa abusoze bathengiswa, buphiwe, noma bungabekelwe isikhathi. Nakuba uMagna Carta asebenzisa kuphela kubantu abakhululekileyo (abambalwa ngesikhathi), izifanekiso zayo zakhula emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka, izincwadi ezishukumisayo njengesiNgizi i-Lill of Rights (1689) ne-U.U.S.

IMagna Carta yaqala futhi umqondo wokuthi inkosi yayingekho ngaphezu komthetho − umbono wokuvukela owabekela ilungelo laphezulu lamakhosi inselele. Ithonya layo lingabonakala ezingqondweni zomthetho zesiNgisi ezilandelayo njengeSimemezelo sase kwesokudla (1628), esanqabela ukuboshwa kwamasosha ngokusemthethweni nokugqunywa kweziqu zohlanga, neHaveas Corpus Act (1679), eyaqinisa ilungelo lokubekela isigwebo esingekho emthethweni. I-British Library inikeza ikhophi esemthethweni yeMagna Carta[[FL:1], ebonisa ukubaluleka kwayo okungokomlando.

Abacabanga Ngokukhanyiselwa Nefilosofi Yamalungelo

Ukukhanyiselwa kwekhulu le - 17 nele - 18 kwaveza ushintsho olukhulu emcabangweni wezombangazwe, kusuka egunyeni laphezulu noma elingokwefa kuya ekucabangeni okusekelwe emthethweni wemvelo nasekuzilawuleni komuntu siqu. Izazi zefilosofi zalenkathi zabeka isisekelo sokuhlakanipha samalungelo omthetho - sisekelo wanamuhla ngokuphikisa ngokuthi ohulumeni bathola ukufaneleka kwabo ngokuvuma kwababuswayo futhi kumelwe bavikele inkululeko yabo yefa.

UJohn Locke Namalungelo Emvelo

John Locke’s Isivumelwano esigunyaziwe sikaHulumeni [1689] sasinethonya elikhulu. Locke waphikisa ngokuthi esimweni semvelo, bonke abantu banamalungelo angokwemvelo okuphila, inkululeko, nempahla. Injongo kahulumeni, waphikisana, ukuvikela lamalungelo, futhi uma uhulumeni ebaphula, izakhamuzi zinelungelo lokuvukela. Imibono ka-Locke yathonya ngokuqondile iSimemezelo senkululeko yaseMelika neSimemezelo saseFrance samalungelo abantu neseSintu. Ukugcizelela kwakhe amalungelo empahla nakho kuhlanganisa inkululeko eminingi yanamuhla yezomnotho. [[FLT]]

UMontesquieu Nokuhlukana Kwamandla

Baron de Montesquieu, Umoya woMthetho [1748], olwenzelwe ukuhlukanisa imibuso kahulumeni ibe yigunya, i-propati, negatsha lokwahlulela. Waphikisa ngokuthi amandla agxilisa entweni eyodwa aholela ekubushiqelani (h_okuqonda okwaba yitshe lesisekelo le-U.S. uMthetho-Constitution.Montesquieu uqinisekisa ukuthi akukho gatsha elilodwa lingaphazamisa amalungelo ngaphandle kokuhlola amanye, isimiso esisalokhu sibalulekile ekuvikeleni inkululeko yomthetho-mthetho namuhla.

URousseau Nobukhosi Obuthandwayo

Umqondo kaJean-Jacques Rousseau ‘ wentando yentando yeningi' [i-Contract ye-social (1762]) wagcizelela ukuthi ubukhosi beqiniso buhlala nabantu bonke. Nakuba imibono kaRousseau ingachazwa njengesekela ukuqoqa i-pholicism, futhi yagcizelela umqondo wokuthi imithetho kumelwe ibonise okuhle okukodwa nokuthi izakhamuzi zinelungelo lokuhlanganyela emthethweni. Lomqondo wobukhosi obuvamile buthonya ngokuqondile izinhlangano zentando yeningi emhlabeni wonke.

Ukuvukela KwaseMelika Nesiqinisekiso Samalungelo Abantu

Ayikho isenzakalo esenzela amalungelo omthetho-sisekelo afakwa kwezombangazwe ngaphandle kweNguquko yaseMelika (1775-1783). Izikhalo zamakoloni ngokumelene nokubusa kwaseBrithani (*) ezathathwa eSivumelwaneni senkululeko (891) saveza isivikelo esibhaliwe semithetho engokomthetho esibhalwe “amalungelo athile anganqamukiyo” kuhlanganise nesithi“Ukuphila, Inkululeko nokuphishekela Injabulo.” Ukuhlanganiswa kweMithetho-sisekelo ye-U.S. ngo-1787 kanye no-Bill of Rights ngo-1791.91 kwasungula isibonelo sokuvikelwa komthetho - sisekelo okubhalwe izizwe eziningi kamuva.

Isimemezelo Sokuzibusa Njengokubonakaliswa Kwamalungelo

Thomas Jefferson’s Declaration yadweba kakhulu kuyifilosofi engokwemvelo yamalungelo emvelo, kodwa futhi yaphawula ukuhoxa okukhulu ngokugomela ukuthi ohulumeni bathola amandla abo alungile ngokuvunyelwa ababuswayo. ISimemezelo sahlukanisa ukuxhashazwa okuqondile yiNkosi uGeorge III, siwabeka njengesephulwa kwamalungelo ayisisekelo. Lencwadi ayivumelani nokuzibusa kuphela kodwa futhi ibeka nendinganiso yokuziphatha emelene nalokho ohulumeni besikhathi esizayo abangakwahlulela.

IBhili Lamalungelo: Iziphendu Zokuqala Eziyishumi

Phakathi nezimpikiswano zokudina, izazi zezokulwa ne-Antifereralist zazifuna isivikelo esicacile senkululeko yomuntu ngamunye, okwaholela ekuthathweni kweBhili lamalungelo ngo-1791. Lezi zinguquko eziyishumi zivikela inkululeko ebalulekile:

  • Isichibiyeli sokuqala:[ Inkululeko yokukhuluma, yokunyathelisa, yenkolo, yemihlangano, nelungelo lokucela uhulumeni.
  • [[Umthetho:0] ISichibiyelo esihlangene: Ilungelo labantu lokuphatha nokuphatha izingalo.
  • ISichibiyelo esiphindiwe: Isigwebo sokuqulwa kwamasosha emizini yabantu ngaphandle kwemvume.
  • Isichibiyeli sesine:[ Isivikelo ekuphenyeni okungacabangeki nokuquleka; kudinga izimfuneko ezisekelwe ekubangeleni okungenzeka.
  • Isichibiyeli se-pith:[ Amalungelo ezigebengu, kuhlanganise nokubekwa icala okukhulu kwamajaji, ukuvikeleka engozini ephindwe kabili nasekuzibekeleni, inqubo efanele, nokukhokhwa ngokuthatha impahla.
  • Isichibiyeli se-xxter: Amalungelo ecala lomphakathi elisheshayo nelingakhethi, ukubhekana nofakazi, nokuba neseluleko esingokomthetho.
  • Isichibiyeli seshumi nanhlanu: Ilungelo lokuya enkantolo yamajaji ezinkantolo zomphakathi.
  • Isichibiyeli se-eghth dometer:[ Ukulahlwa kwebheyili ephakeme, amafashini aphakeme, nesijeziso esinonya nesingavamile.
  • Isichibiyeli seNqanda: Uhlelo lwamalungelo athile ngeke luthathwe njengokuphika noma ukuhlukanisa abanye abantu.
  • Isichibiyeli seTenth: Amandla angaphathiswa uhulumeni kahulumeni noma anqatshelwe ezifundazweni agcinelwe izifundazwe noma abantu.

IBhili yamalungelo liye lanwetshwa futhi lachazwa kabusha ngezinqumo zokwahlulela, futhi izinqolobane zeNational zinikeza umbhalo ogcwele namaphuzu angokomlando. Izimiso zalo ziye zashukumisela ezinye izizwe ezingenakubalwa ukuba zithathe isivikelo esifanayo, ziyenze ibe isisekelo somthetho-sisekelo wembulunga yonke.

Imibono Yomhlaba Wonke: Umthetho - sisekelo Ongaphezu Kwe - United States

Nakuba lo mfanekiso waseMelika wawunethonya elikhulu, amalungelo omthetho - sisekelo aqala ngokuzimela kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba, ngalinye liveza izimo ezingokomlando nezindinganiso ezihlukile zempucuko.

Isimemezelo SaseFrance Samalungelo Abantu Nesasakhamuzi

Yamukelwa ngo-1789 phakathi neNguquko yaseFrance, iSimemezelo samemezela ukuthi “abantu bazalwa futhi bahlala bekhululekile futhi belingana ngamalungelo.” Yaveza amalungelo anjengokuthi inkululeko, impahla, ukulondeka, nokumelana nokucindezela, futhi yamisa izimiso ezinjengokusho ukuthi umsulwa nenkululeko yokukhuluma. ISimemezelo saba yisiqalo semithetho-sisekelo eminingana yaseFrance futhi sathonya izincwadi ezilandelayo zamalungelo abantu embulungeni yonke.

I - Charter YaseCanada Yamalungelo Nenkululeko

Yaqanjwa ngo1982, i-Canadian Charter ivikela inkululeko eyisisekelo, amalungelo entando yeningi, amalungelo okuhamba, amalungelo omthetho, amalungelo alinganayo, namalungelo olimi. Isici esiphawulekayo “isibalo esinengqondo” sesikhala esibekwe (I-Spection 1), esivumela amalungelo ukuba abekelwe imingcele uma imingcele ifaneleka ngokungemthetho emphakathini okhululekile nowentando yeningi. I-Chart ihlanganisa futhi “imvume eqinile” eyenza ohulumeni besifunda noma bezwe ukuba bahlulele izinhlelo ezithile ze-Chareter (ection 1), okuyindlela ekhethekile yaseCanada yokulinganisela amalungelo ne-Rodiciography.

UMthetho - sisekelo Wangemva Kokubusa Kwamazwe AseNingizimu Afrika

UMthetho-sisekelo waseNingizimu Afrika ka-1996 ubhekwa kabanzi njengomunye wezentuthuko kakhulu emhlabeni, uhlanganisa ukugqashuka ekucinezeleni kobuhlanga ngobudlova bobandlululo. Uhlanganisa umthetho wesivumelwano welungelo eligcwele elihlanganisa umphakathi, ezombangazwe, ezomnotho, namalungelo ezenhlalo. UMthetho-sisekelo uwavikela ngokusobala amalungelo ezindawo zokuhlala, ezokwelapha, zokudla, amanzi, nokulondeka kwezenhlalo, futhi wamisa iNkantolo yoMthetho-sisekelo njengomgcini onamandla walamalungelo. I-South Africa ibonisa indlela amalungelo omthetho wezwe angasetshenziswa ngayo ukusingatha ukungalungisi komlando nokuthuthukisa ukuguqulwa kwezenhlalo.

Imisebenzi Yokulwela Amalungelo Abantu Emhlabeni Wonke

Ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II nokuQothulwa Kwesizwe, umphakathi wezizwe zonke waqaphela ukuthi imithetho - sisekelo yezizwe iyodwa yayinganele ukuvimbela izenzo zonya.

ISimemezelo Somhlaba Wonke Samalungelo Abantu (1948)

IUDHR, eyamukelwa yi-United Nations General Assembly, iyincwadi eyisisekelo ebala uhide olubanzi lwamalungelo − kuhlanganise nelungelo lokuphila, inkululeko, nokulondeka; inkululeko ekuhlukunyezweni nasebugqileni; namalungelo okuhamba; nemfundo, umsebenzi, nokuhlanganyela ekuphileni okungokwesiko. Nakuba ingaboshiwe ngokomthetho ngokwayo, iUDHR iye yafaka izivumelwano eziningi futhi iye yafakwa emithethweni yasekhaya yamazwe amaningi. Ibhekwa kabanzi njengetshe lombuso wamalungelo abantu wezizwe zonke. Umbhalo ogcwele we-UDHR ukhona engosini ye-ngosini ye-NU.[FLD:1].

Izivumelwano Nemihlangano Eyinhloko Yezizwe Zonke

Njengoba umphakathi wamazwe ngamazwe wakha i - UDHR, wamukela izivumelwano ezibophayo ezingokomthetho eziphoqelela imibuso yokusayina ukuba ihloniphe futhi ifeze amalungelo akhethekile:

  • Isivumelwano sezizwe zonke somphakathi kuMalungelo Omphakathi Nawokulwela Izombangazwe (ICCPR): sivikela amalungelo anjengenkululeko yokukhuluma, yokuhlangana, yenkolo, neyobulungisa ukuqulwa kwecala; futhi sivimbela ukuboshwa nokuhlushwa okungenasizathu. IKomiti yamaLungelo obuntu ihlola ukuzithoba kwamazwe.
  • Isivumelwano sezizwe zonke sobuzwe sobungako bezomnotho, iSocial and Cultural Rights (ICESCR): i-akheli lamalungelo okusebenza, izindlu ezifanele, impilo, imfundo, nesilinganiso esanele sokuphila.
  • [ Ukususa zonke izinhlobo zobandlululo lobuhlanga [CERD]
  • [ Ukususa zonke izinhlobo zokucwaswa kwabesifazane
  • [[[INTLA:0] Ukulungisa ngokumelene nokuhlukunyezwa kanye nolunye unya, ukwelapha okungathandeki noma ukujezisa (isijeziso)
  • [ Ukukhulula ngamalungelo engane (CRC)

Izimiso zezifunda, njenge-European Convention on Human Rights ne-American Convention on Human Rights, zinikeza ezinye izinqubo zokuqinisekisa ukugcinwa kwezinkantolo namanxusa. Ngokwesibonelo, iNkantolo yaseYurophu Yamalungelo Abantu ivumela abantu ukuba balethe amacala ezwe lamalungu ngenxa yokwephulwa kwamalungelo abo. Isivumelwano saseYurophu soMthetho Wamalungelo Abantu sitholakala ngoMkhandlu WaseYurophu .

Izinselele Zangesikhathi Esidlule Kumalungelo Omthetho - sisekelo

Naphezu kwezinqubo ezinkulu ezingokomthetho eziye zavela emakhulwini eminyaka, amalungelo omthetho - sisekelo abhekene nezingcindezi ezintsha ezingapheli kuleli khulu lama - 21.

Inzuzo Kahulumeni Nezindaba Zomuntu Siqu

Intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe bezemishini yezobuchwepheshe iye yenza ukuba kube namazinga angenakulinganiswa okugadwa uhulumeni. Izinhlelo ezifana nalezo ezavezwa uEdward Snowden ngo - 2013 zabonisa ukuthi izinhlangano zokuhlakanipha zaziqoqa imetabula ebanzi yemidatha yezakhamuzi, ngokuvamile ngaphandle kobungameli bokwahlulela. Lokhu kuphakamisa imibuzo engathi sína ngaphansi kweSichibiyelo Sesine eUnited States kanye nesivikelo semfihlo esifanayo kweminye imithetho-sisekelo. Ukulinganisela phakathi kwenhlala-zweni nezindaba zomuntu siqu kuhlala kuyindaba engokomthetho nezombangazwe ephikisanayo.

Ukukhuluma Ngokukhululeka Enkathini Yezinombolo

Ukuvela kwezindawo zezokuxhumana kuye kwaguqula inkundla yomphakathi, kodwa futhi kwadala izimpi ezintsha ngenxa yemingcele yokuziveza mahhala. Izihloko ezinjengokukhuluma ngenzondo, ukuqamba amanga, nokuhlukunyezwa nge-intanethi zivivinya imingcele yesivikelo somthetho-sisekelo. Amanye amazwe aye amisa imithetho efuna amapulatifomu asuse okuthile, kuyilapho amanye agcizelela ukusondela kwe-laisez-faire. Umbango phakathi kwezindinganiso zentando yeningi nesidingo sokuvimbela ukulimala kukhulu.

Ukuncipha Kwemibuso Ebusa Ngentando Yeningi

Ebuthweni lentando yeningi, izinhlangano zezikhulu zobuProfetia nohulumeni baye babekela inselele inkululeko yokuzibusa, ukuncishiswa kwenkululeko yezezindaba, futhi ukuncishiswa kweziphetho ezibuthakathaka. Amalungelo oMthetho-sisekelo anamandla kuphela njengezinhlangano eziwaphoqelelayo, futhi lapho lezozinhlangano zilulazwa, amalungelo aba yizisulu. Ukwanda kwabaholi ababushiqela emazweni anamasiko entando yeningi athatha isikhathi eside kubonisa ukuthi isivikelo somthetho sisekelo sidinga isivikelo sasikhathi sonke.

Ukungalingani Kwezenhlalo Nezomnotho

Amalungelo omthetho-sisekelo awehluleka ukuxazulula ukungalingani okujulile okusekelwe ngokohlanga, ubulili, isigaba, nezinye izici. Nakuba ukulingana okungokomthetho kugcwele, ukulingana okungaqondakali okungaqondakali − ngokunokwenzeka kuhlala kunzima kwabaningi ukusebenzisa amalungelo. Impikiswano enjengokucindezelelwa kwevoti, amaphoyisa okulawula amacala, nokuthola igebe elisemthethweni eliqokomisa igebe phakathi kwesithembiso somthetho-mthetho kanye nento engokoqobo.

Ikusasa Lamalungelo Omthetho - sisekelo: Ukuvumelana Nezimo Nokuhlanganyela Kwesivumelwano

Umbono ongokomlando ubonisa ukuthi amalungelo omthetho - sisekelo awami ndawonye; aphenduka ngomshikashika, ukuchaza, nokushintsha kwempucuko.

Ubuchwepheshe Namalungelo Amasha

Ubuchwepheshe obuxubile obunjengobuhlakani obungeyomvelo, ukuqashelwa kobuso, nokuhlelwa kwezakhi zofuzo buphakamisa imibuzo emincane mayelana nokuzimela, ukuzibusa, nesithunzi. Abanye abasekeli baphikisa ukuqaphela amalungelo amasha, ‘ njengelungelo lokuchaza” ngezinqumo ze-algorithm noma “ilungelo lokukhohlakala” kuyi-inthanethi. Izinkantolo zomthetho-mthetho-sisekelo ziyophikisana kakhulu nokuthi isivikelo esikhona sisebenza kanjani kulezi zimo ezingakaze zibonwe ngaphambili.

Indima Yemfundo Yesibalo

Imfundo yeCivic akumelwe ihlanganise umlando kanye nokuqukethwe kwalamalungelo kuphela kodwa futhi nezindlela zokuwamisa nokubaluleka kokungavumelani. Izikole, imithombo yezindaba, nezinhlangano zomphakathi konke kunendima ekuthuthukiseni ukuqashelwa kwamalungelo ezakhamuzi.

Ukuhlanganyela Ngokukhuthele Nokufunda

Ukuvikela amalungelo omthetho - sisekelo akudingi nje ukuqapha kuphela.

Isiphetho

Uhambo lwamalungelo nenkululeko yomthetho - sisekelo luyisiqinisekiso sokuhlala kwabantu befisa ubulungisa nenkululeko. Kusukela ezibhebheni zobumba zaseMesophothamiya yasendulo kuya emishinini yanamuhla, umqondo wokuthi abantu abanamalungelo angokwemvelo ohulumeni okumelwe bawahloniphe kuye kwaba amandla ashukumisayo entuthuko yezombangazwe. Nokho umsebenzi awusoze waphelela. Isizukulwane ngasinye sibhekene nosongo lwaso siqu lwenkululeko futhi kumelwe silubeke ezimisweni ezivikela isithunzi sabantu. Ngokuqonda umongo ongokomlando walamalungelo, singaqonda kangcono inani laso futhi sisekele ngokuphumelelayo ngenxa yokulondoloza nokukhula kwaso eminyakeni ezayo ngaphambili.