Imisuka Yezinhlangano Ezingakholeki E - United States

Indaba yokusiza abasweleyo baseMelika iqala kudala ngaphambi kokuba isizwe sisungulwe. Enkathini yamakoloni, ukusizana kwakuyisidingo sokuphila kwansuku zonke, okwakusekelwe ezimisweni ezingokwenkolo zamaPuritan, amaQuaker, neminye imiphakathi yokholo. Izifiki zakuqala zathembela ezimisweni ezingahleliwe zokunakekela abafelokazi, izintandane, nabagulayo. Izinhlangano zokuqala zokusiza abaswele zaziboshelwa emasontweni, ezaziqoqa ukudla, izingubo, nepetroli kumpofu. Ngokwesibonelo, i-Scoots Charity Society zamiswa ngo-1657 ukuze zisize abafuduki, kuyilapho iSociety yosizo lwabampofu kanye nezingane ezimpofu [Foct:1] zaqala umsebenzi wazo eNew York City ngo1797. Izinhlangano ezikhethekile zokunikeza i-Genearth proception:[Fothrood]

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19 kwaba nokwanda kokusiza abasweleyo njengoba isizwe esincane sasilwisana nokwanda okusheshayo kwenani labantu kanye nokuhlaliswa emadolobheni. iMelika Bible Society, yasungulwa ngo-1816, yayingomunye wemiphakathi yokuqala emikhulu enomusa. Umsebenzi wayo wokwaba amaBhayibheli ezweni lonke wawubonisa ukuthuthuka kwenguquko eqinile yezenkathi yobuProthestani. Ngokufanayo, ukukhula [[FLT:] kweSonto Union [kamuva] i-American Cowate Comment Contry Contryshipy [[[FLT]] (ethelelania izinhlangano ze-American Coastrientry) zafuna ukufundisa nokuguqula izingane emngceleni. Lezinhlangano zazisekelwe amalungu emalini, zishintshwa yiminyango yokuzithandela, futhi zishintshwa ngemindebe yomphakathi omphakathi, futhi zishintshwa izinhlangano zeze, izinhlangano ezinamandla, ezihlelwa ukuba zithuthuke kakhulu.

ULyman Beecher Wakuqala NoMbuso Onamandla

Abefundisi abanjengoLyman Beecher basekela lokho izazi zezesayensi ezikubiza ngokuthi “umbuso weBenevolent,” iqoqo lezinhlangano zenguquko zamaProthestani ezihlangene. Baphakamisa izimali zemisebenzi, amapheshana, nemfundo, ngokuvamile benesimiso esiphezulu sokubusa. Nakuba lemizamo ngezinye izikhathi yayiyikhomba likabuthameli, basungula izenzakalo ezibaluleke kakhulu zemali enkulu, ukubusa, ukuhlangana kweqembu, kanye nokubambisana kwesizwe. Izinhlangano eziningi zalemiphakathi zaqala noma zathonya izinhlangano esizaziyo namuhla, njenge-YMCA[[FLT:] (eyenziwa eLondon ngo-1844, ukufika eU.S.1], okuhlangene nenkolo nemfundo engokwezezenhlalakahle.

Ikhulu Le - 19: Ukwakhiwa Kwezezimboni Nokuvela Kwezinkonzo Zokwelapha

Ngemva kweMpi Yomphakathi, iMelika yangena enkathini yentuthuko eshubile yezimboni. Inhlanhla yaqongelelwa osomabhizinisi abanjengo-Andrew Carnegie, John D. Rockefeller, noCornelius Vanderbilt. Lengcebo entsha, ihlangene nezinkinga ezisobala zezenhlalo zamadolobha afukuza amakhaya, ukuqashwa kwezingane, nempilo elinganiselwe yomphakathi, yafuna ukusabela okuhlelekile. Umqondo “wokuphana kwesayensi kwamandla ezinto” wavela, wasekelwa kakhulu ngu-Andrew Carnegie embonini yakhe yezincwadi zezentengiselwano embonini yengcebo. [FG.1]] uCargnee wakholelwa kakhulu emceni wabo futhi ufanele uzuze umphakathi phakathi nesikhathi sabo. Ufaka leli filosofi embonini yeze, njengezemfundo yezemfundo yezente, futhi imboni yomphakathi, ize, i-500.

Isibonelo sikaCarnegie sakhuthaza abanye. Ngo-1911, wasungula i-Carnegie Corporation of New York, esinye sezisekelo zokuqala ezinkulu zephilanthropic. Isisekelo sesisekelo (impahla ebekwe, izisebenzi eziqeqeshiwe, nebhodi lokupha inzuzo), kwaba yikhosha lokukhomba amathemba anamuhla. UJohn D. Rockefeller walandela isu lokusungula [ Rockefeller Foundation Foundation [ ngo-1913. I-Rockfeller’s pialler’s , ukucwaninga komphakathi, ukucwaninga, nemfundo. Isisekelo sakhe sasiza ukuqeda ukuchuma komjovolo eNingizimu Melika, ukuchuma nokusekela i-Prognow. Imizamo engcono kakhulu yeze yalethwa yi-Rocklective'e." phambi kwenkathi entsha, “iphithro.

Izindlu Ezihlala Khona Nezindawo Ezinemisuka Eqinile

Nakuba ochwepheshe bezimboni bakha izisekelo ezifanayo, kwavela isakhiwo esisemhlabathini phezulu: ukuthutha kwezindlu. Iphefumlelwe yiToynbee Hall eLondon, izinguquko zase-U.S. njengoJane Adtams zasungulwa iHouse] eChicago ngo-1889. Izikhungo zomphakathi zazisezindaweni ezimpofu zasedolobheni, zinikeza amakilasi, izinkonzo zenkulisa, imitholampilo, nezinhlelo zempucuko. Babesekelwe embonweni wokuthi abashisekeli bezinguquko kufanele baphile phakathi kwabantu bafuna ukusiza − ukusuka phezulu-phansi. [ongeniswa nama-amsmends nozakhelwaneme (okanye) nezindawo zomphakathi ezisebubhayiselweni oluphansi, ekusebenzeni, nasezimweni zezindlu, kusetshenziswa ekusekeleni umthetho onjenge-Illinobyland Act 1893. [F][5][4]

I-American Cross Red[[FLT: 1], yaqashwa ngo-1881 ngaphansi kukaClara Barton, futhi yakhuliswa phakathi nale nkathi. Ekuqaleni i-Red Cross yaba uphawu lwezisebenzi zokuzithandela ezihleliwe. Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 leminyaka, inhlangano yayisikhule yaba amalungu angu-355 000 futhi yaqala umsebenzi wayo ohlala njalo empahleni yegazi, ukulungiselela inhlekelele, nemfundo yempilo. Lenkathi futhi yabona ukuzalwa kweNdlela yokuzithandela [[FLT]] . . Ngonyaka we-1887, umpristi Denver, umfundisi, noRabian wahlanganyela namabutho ukuze enze “i-CommunCest, eyayihlanganisa neminikelo yendawo. Leyayibonelelwa futhi yayahlulwa yinani elikhulu kakhulu embulungeni eliyinani eliyinani eliyinani eliwufinyelela ezigidini zezigidi ze-19 (R3) namuhla, u-20).

Ikhulu Lama - 20: Ukwanda, Umthetho, Nokuklanywa Kwamaqhinga

Ikhulu lama-20 laliyisikhathi sokwanda okungavamile kwezinhlangano ezisiza abasweleyo zaseMelika. Izimpi zezwe ezimbili, ukuwohloka okukhulu komnotho, kanye nenhlangano yamalungelo abantu kwalungisa futhi kokubili izingxenye zomphakathi nezendawo ezizimele. Uhulumeni wathatha indima enkulu ekunikezeni inhlalakahle yezenhlalo ngezinhlelo zeNew Deal neGreat Society, kodwa ukuphana ngezindlela zomuntu siqu kwaqhubeka kwanda, ngokuvamile kwagcwalisa izikhala nentuthuko yezimali uhulumeni angeke akwazi ukuyisekela.

Umthetho Wentela Nomlandeli Ongazuzi Inzuzo

Inkathi ebucayi yokuguqula kwakuyi- Umthetho ka-1969 . Ngaphambi kwalo mthetho, umthetho wentela wawuvumele ukuncishiswa kweminikelo yokusiza abasweleyo (kusukela ngo-1917), kodwa kwakunomthetho omncane wezisekelo nezinhlangano. I-1969 yamisa imithetho eqinile ezisekelweni zangasese, kuhlanganise nemfuneko yokwaba amaphesenti ambalwa empahla yabo unyaka ngamunye, futhi yazenqabela ukulinganisela phakathi kweziseko neminikelo yazo. Yachaza futhi umehluko ongokomthetho phakathi kweminikelo yomphakathi nezisekelo zangasese. Lemithetho yanikeza isigaba, ikhuthaza ukubonakala nokulandisa nokulandisa kuyilapho igcina izisusa izisusa izisusa zokuphana. Isenzo somsebenzi sihlala sisezindaweni eziningi namuhla futhi sibongwa kakhulu ngesilinganiso esisheshayo sengxenye yekhulu lekhulu lekhulu lekhulu leminyaka.

Ukuphakama Kwezisekelo Ezinkulu Nezici Zempilo

Ngendawo engokomthetho esemthethweni, inani lezisekelo laqhuma. Ford Foundation , eyamiswa ngo-1936], yaba yindawo enkulu emhlabeni ngo-1950, yaxhasa amalungelo ezakhamuzi, intuthuko yomhlaba wonke, nobuciko. [[[FLT:]] Robert Wooth Foundation [[FLD] [FOLD] [3], eyasungulwa ngo-197], yagxila kakhulu empilweni, yaba inzuzo enkulu kakhulu empilweni yempilo eUnited States. [194] Izinhlangano zezifo ezibonisa ukuchuma: [[FLT] futhi i-oct:] Zambia [[FLT] [5] [5] izinhlangano ze-octreat] (eye-193]) i-octives orgoket , [irounds org,[4] i-ose org.[4] i-ocenset provisionsion of prout) yale provide yomphakathi.[4]

Umphumela Wokwanda Kwemizabalazo Yezenhlalo

Kuma-1970 kwatholakala izinhlangano zokusiza abasweleyo ezihlangene ngokuqondile noshintsho lwezenhlalo. i-National Association for the Advance of Colored People (NAACP] , yasungulwa ngo-19909, futhi iNgqungquthela yamaKristu yaseNingizimu (SCLC)[[FLT]]] [izinhlangano zesizwe ezazingamalungelo omphakathi ezithembele emphathweni. [Ngemva kwe-OFOFLT Act ne-Voting Rights Act, amaningi alamaqembu aqala ukuhlanganisa i-Dact nezinhlangano zenkonzo. Ngokufanayo, inhlangano yendawo ekhuphukela [[FL:]] kuphela] iNgcebo yezentengonyakatho yeze yezenyuko.[19] [inani]

Inkathi Yanamuhla: Ukuhwebelana Kwembulunga Yonke, Ubuchwepheshe, Nesimo Sezwe

Namuhla, izinhlangano ezisiza abaswele zisebenza ngesilinganiso sembulunga yonke. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, eyamiswa ngo- 2000 nge-endowment eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-R950 (kusukela ikhule yaba ngu-R950 bhiliyoni), iveza ukusondela kwezentengiselwano zanamuhla. Ngokugxila empilweni yembulunga yonke, ukuthuthuka kwezezolimo, nemfundo, isisekelo siye saba enye yezinhlangano ezinkulu kakhulu nezinethonya kakhulu zephithropic. Ukusondela kwayo emalini, i-mey, i-athonsiss, i-messsss, nesiyalo sezezwe kabanzi. Isisekelo sezwe [FLTLD:2] izinselele ezinkulu [FLT] nokusekela kwayo ukugoma kwemisebe, kubonise kanjani izinkinga ezinkulu, indlela enikeza ngayo amakhelithi.

i-Habitat for Humanity, yasungulwa ngo-1976, yakhula yaba yindawo yembulunga yonke engenanzuzo eyakha noma yalungisa amakhaya angaphezu kuka-60 000 emhlabeni wonke. Umfanekiso wayo wezisebenzi zokuzithandela kanye nothi “i-equat'expressy” iphinde yasetshenziswa emazweni angaphezu kuka-70. [[FLT:] [izinkampani ezingenayo] ezingenayo imidanti (Médins Sans Frontières)[Foctres][Foct:3], ezizuze umklo woMklo woKuthula ngo-19, zinikeza ukunakekela komkhathi lwezimo ezimpi ezimpini nasezindaweni zenhlekeleleni, ezixhaswe kakhulu ngeminikelo yeminikelo yangasese. Ukuzinye izinhlangano zezindawo zokudla eziyizigidi zezigidi zezigidi zezigidi zezigidi ze-America.[Foctiveactives]

Ukukhokhela Imali Ngezinombolo Nesisekelo Esisha Semali

Ukunyuka kwe-Internet kanye ne-social drum kuye kwaguqula indlela izinhlangano ezisiza abasweleyo eziphakamisa ngayo imali futhi zifaka ngayo abasekeli. Amaqonga angaphakathi anjenge iGond Me inezekwe-democracy enikeza izimali, ivumela abantu ngabanye namaqembu amancane ukuba basekele izimbangela ezithile. Izenyuksi zemali ezisekela i-'eye-pareacer-parern's's beyenzile, lapho abani badala khona imikhankankani yezizathu zabo siqu ngezimbangela. Izinhlangano ezifana ne-[FLT:] Isiphambanow kanye [FLT] ne [FLT] [inani elingu-204].Nje ngobuchwepheshe obungu-Unyaka ka-204]

Indima Yezimali Ezikhokhelwe (Imali Yesikhwama)

Enye intuthuko yanamuhla ephawulekayo ukuqhuma kwezimali zomnikelo (DAFS), ezivumela abanikelayo ukuba benze umnikelo okhokhelwayo enhlanganweni exhasayo (njenge- Fality Chabity noma [imali enikelwe [i-Accounting]]Skwab [] [ize ituse ituse iminikelo ekhona kuleyomali exhasayo ngesikhathi esingaphezulu.] I-DAFFS iye yakhula ngokushesha, iphethe imali engaphezu kwezigidi eziyizibhiliyo (izigidi ezingu-5) ngenani lempahla ngo-201. Abagxeki abaphikisayo baphikisa ukuthi abaswela ukuba bahlale bengenzi lutho, kanti abasekeli bethiwe ukupha futhi bakhuthaza kakhulu.

Izinselele Eziqhubekayo Nekusasa Lokwelapha Ngempatho

Naphezu kwempumelelo yazo, izinhlangano ezisiza abaswele zibhekene nezinselele eziphikelelayo eziyololonga ikhulu leminyaka elizayo lokusiza abaswele.

Ukubona Kahle Nokulandisa

Abanikazi bafuna ubufakazi obuqand ’ ikhanda bokuthi imali yabo isetshenziswa ngokuphumelelayo. Amaqhinga ezinhlanganweni ezifana ne- iMelikan Cross ebomvu (umz., ukungasetshenziswa kahle kwezimali ngemva kokuzamazama komhlaba kwe-2010 kweHaiti) kanye ne [ i-Provided Project [[FLT:] [FLT]] [[FLT:]] [ingxenye engathi i-partss] yenza izihloko eziphambili. Ukuphendula, ukugadengwa kweminyango ebanzi manje kuvezwe imibiko eminingi yezentengiselwano. [[FLT][10] [FLT] [FFFFM] [10] futhi inamandla][FFFF]

Ukungalingani ‘ Nokuvukwa Kwawo' Phakathi

Nakuba abanikeli bezilwane abanjenge-Sates noma iBezos bethola ukunakekela okuphakanyisiwe, abaningi abancane nabaphakathi bazama ukusinda. Ukunqwabelana kwengcebo phakathi kwabanikela abambalwa kungabeka phambili, ukusekela imisebenzi yezilwane ezifuywayo kunezidingo zomphakathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwehla kwesigaba esiphakathi sokuphana ngemiholo, ngokulandela iholo elikhona, kuye kwaholela ekuthembeleni kakhulu ezisekelweni ezinkulu nasezisekelweni ezinjukwini nakwakhe. Lokhu kuphakamisa imibuzo ngokuphathelene nokulawula kwedemokhrasi: ubani onquma ukuthi yiziphi izinkinga ezifanelwe ukunaka? Ikusasa lephilanthropayping lingadinga ukubuyiselwa ekusebenziseni i-balbalballing, kanye namandla amaningi okubuyela ezinhlanganweni zomphakathi kanye nezimo zotshani ezinikeza iziteshi ezinikeza iziteshi.

Ukushintsha Kwesimo Sezulu Nomphumela Wesimiso Sesimiso Somoya

Izinselele zendawo ezungezile, ikakhulukazi ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu, ifuna ukusabela okuhlangene kakhulu ngaphezu kwamandla anoma yiliphi iliphi ilokusiza abasweleyo. Izinhlangano ezifana ne i-Entron Super Defense Fund kanye ne.org[[ ukugxila enkambisweni yezenkambisweni yokuziphilisa nokusiza umphakathi. Kodwa isikali senkinga siye sabangela ukukhula [[FLT:] nenani lemali [[FLT:]], lapho izimali eziyinhloko zisetshenziselwa khona ukutshala izimali eziveza kokubili izinzuzo ezingokwezimali nenzuzo zomphakathi. [FLT] [FFT] Foundation [5], ibhungane nezinkulungwane zezigidi zezigidi zezigidi ze-Foctivesting procencesssssssss ar procectivetivetion activement activement activemotivement as.[options proce

Ukwanda Kokupha Nezikhundla Zezombangazwe

Ukuthambekela okuphikiswayo ukusetshenziswa kwezimoto ezisiza abaswele ngenjongo yezombangazwe. Nakuba imithetho yentela ivimbela abamele ukukhokhwa ngokuqondile, izinhlangano ezihlelwa ngokuthi 501(c)(4) amaqembu enhlalakahle ezenhlalo angahlanganyela ekusebenziseni inzuzo nasekufuneni izintambo. Lokhu kuye kwaholela ekusungulweni kwezindawo “zemali engaqondakali” zamaqembu afaka iminikelo yezezombangazwe ngokungaziwa. Umgqa phakathi kokusiza abasekeli abaqotho nezenzo zezombangazwe uhlala uphikisana, futhi ubize ufune ukuba kukhule iziqondiso eziqinile. Izinhlangano zezentengiselwano kumelwe zihambe ngokucophelela kula manzi ukuze zilondoloze ukwethenjwa komphakathi.

Isiphetho

Umlando wezinhlangano ezinkulu ezinikeza inzuzo eUnited States uyindaba yokusungula, isidingo, kanye nesifiso esihlala njalo sobuntu sokusiza abanye. Kusukela ezindlini zokwabelana ngezimali zamakoloni kuya ezisekelwe embulungeni yonke, i-American philatropy iye yaqala ngenxa yezinselele zezenhlalo, inguquko yezomnotho, noshintsho lwezobuchwepheshe. Iye yabunjwa abantu ababonele imboni abafana noCarnegie, u-Andams, kanye nama- Gates, ngezimiso ezingokomthetho ezinjenge-196991 Recomporation Act, futhi ngamandla amakhulu ezigidi zezisebenzi zokuzithandela nabancane abanikela ngayo. Nakuba izinselele ezifanayo eziqhubekisela phambili ukusungulwa kwalezi zinhlangano, izifo, ukungalingani kwendawo ezungezile, ukuwohloka okuhlala ngokuphuthuma. Ikusasa lokuphana akuqali emithonjeni kuphela kodwa ikhono lokuzivumelanisa, futhi zisebenza kahle ngempela, njengoba izinhlangano ezivamile ziqhubeka zisebenza kakhulu.

[[Umthetho:0] Isixhumanisi se-External:[[[Umthetho:1]

  • [[UMTL:0] IVangeli leMali – Umlando.com[
  • IMITHOMBO: Intela-umlando wenhlangano [
  • [[UMTL:0]Bill & Melinda Amasango Isiseko – Iminikelo eBonisiwe[
  • NPR: Isiphambano Esibomvu ne-Haiti kuzamazama
  • [[Umthetho:0] Umahluko - Imithombo yabenzi