Indima YeRaje Sabra Kumthetho Ophathelene Nenhlekelele WaseShaping Disaster

IRaje Sabra, njengendlu ephezulu yePhalamende laseNdiya le-badamaral, inesikhundla esihlukile enqubweni yezenyuko. Ithonya layo enhlekeleleni yesizwe nemithetho yokusabela akuyona nje i-procedrofic kodwa i-operant, iqinisekisa ukuthi izinhlelo ziphikisana ngemibono eminingi .i-region, i-tech, ne-social. Ngokungafani ne-Lok Sabba, emelela ukuvota okuqondile, i-Rajaya Sabhaha ihlanganisa amalungu angahlolwanga-kathiwe nje kuphela ngenxa yobuchwepheshe bawo emizini enjeni, izincwadi, nokuqondisa umphakathi, kanye nabameleli bezwe nezindawo ezihlangene. Le nqubo iletha ulwazi oluhlukahlukene nokuvumelana nezindawo zokulungisa nokulungisa imithetho yenhlekelele.

Uhambo lomthetho lwesivumelwano esihlobene nenhlekelele luqala kunoma yimuphi umndeni. Indima kaRaje Sabha iba nkulu phakathi nesigaba sokucabangela: ihlola isisho ngomshoshaphansi, isikisela ukubuyiselwa, futhi ingasithumela emuva eLok Sabhaha kanye nokutusa. Lokhu kuhlola kwe-bidaral kufaka ungwengwezi olusiza ekuvimbeleni umthetho osheshayo noma ocatshangelwa kabi. Ngokwesibonelo, i- Disatical Management Act, 2005, .___itshe eliyinhloko lezimiso zomthetho ze-Repya Sabha, lalibhalwe kahle eRapya Sab, liholela ekuhleleni ukuthi igunya eliphakathi nezwe nge-Roglobal.

Ukubukeza Nezinqumo

Amakomiti amile e-Rajeya Sabra ka-Raji Sabra, ikakhulukazi iKomiti yeMakhasi yeMicimbi Yasekhaya ne-Committee on Science and Technology, ivame ukuqhuba ukuhlola kwangaphambi kwezezindleko zenhlekelele. Lamakomiti amema ukuzithoba kochwepheshe, imiphakathi yomphakathi, nohulumeni. Imibiko ewumphumela ihlela umbhalo wokugcina wemithetho. Isibonelo esiphawulekayo yi-National Disaster Memogument (Izimo zenhlekelele) Bill, 2019, eyabhekiselwa ekomitini yephalamende ngemva kokuba kuphakazwe izinkathazo zakhuliswe eRajiya Sabra mayelana nezinguquko ezihlongongozomthetho weSishaya - nhlekelele sesizwe (NDMA). Ikomiti itusa lokuqondisa kwezwe ukuthi inhlekelele izikhulu zikahulumeni zalenza ukusebenza kwazo zihambisane neziqondiso zesizwe.

Ngalé kokulungisa, i-Raje Sabra ingathonya futhi imithetho ngezindleko zamalungu azimele. Nakuba zimbalwa, zivame ukuphoqelela izimpikiswano zephalamende ezikhaleni emthetho okhona. Ngokwesibonelo, umthetho welungu elizimele ohlanganisa ukuguqulwa kwesimo sezulu sibe yinhlekelele waxoxwa kuyiRajiya Sabra ngo-2021, oholela ekuthatheni isinyathelo sokuqondisa ngokususa i-National Disaster Management Plan.

Izenzakalo Ezingokomlando: Imithetho Eyinhloko Ethonywe IRaje Sabra

Ukuziphendukela kwenhlekelele yeNdiya iye yaphawulwa yizenzakalo eziningana zomthetho, ngayinye ibonisa iminikelo yeRajiya Sabha.

UMthetho Wokuphathwa Kwenhlekelele, ka - 2005 (DMA 2005)

Iqanjwe ngemva kokwembula ubuthakathaka besimiso somhlaba we-Indian Ocean ka-2004, i-DMA 2005 yaxoxwa kakhulu kuyi-Rajeya Sabha. Amalungu aveza ukukhathazeka ngokwezimali ngeziphathimandla zesifundazwe, indima yezindikimba zendawo, nesidingo somthetho wokuncishiswa kwengozi yenhlekelele (DRR). I-Act yokugcina yamisa isakhiwo senhlangano esingu-2001 se-DMA esisezingeni lesizwe, i-SDMAS (SDMAs), kanye ne-National Disal Disation Force Force Force Irfulce (NDRR) njengendlela ekhethekile yokusabela. I-Rajiyabhaha ukugcizelela kwesizwe ukuphatha izinhlangano zomphakathi nokuvikela iqembu elincikekayo.

Umthetho Wesizwe Ophathelene Nokuphatha Izinhlekelele, Ngo - 2009

Nakuba ingekho umthetho, lenkambiso yahlelwa ngaphansi kwe-DMA 2005 futhi yanikezwa kuzo zombili izindlu. Ingxoxo yeRaje Sabha yathonya idokhumende yokugcina ngokugcizelela isidingo sokuhlanganisa ulwazi lwendawo nezimiso ezixwayisayo zakuqala nokwenza amasu enhlekelele asheshe athinteke. Inqubo manje ifuna ukuba abesifazane bafane namakomiti aqondisa inhlekelele kuzo zonke izigaba.

Ukuphathwa Kwenhlekelele (Isivumelwano), 2019

Lenguquko yafuna ukucacisa ubuhlobo phakathi kwe-NDMA nezinye izindikimba, kanye nokuqinisa izijeziso zokungahambisani. Ku-Raje Sabha, amalungu aphikisayo aphikisa ngokuthi umthetho wokuqala wanikeza ukulawulwa okusezingeni eliphezulu. Inguquko eyadlula ekugcineni yahlanganisa ilungiselelo eliyimfuneko lokuhlola isilinganiso sikahulumeni ngaphambi kokuba uhulumeni omkhulu akhiphe iziqondiso, ushintsho oluthiwe yikomiti kaRajeya Sabba.

Ithonya Ezindaweni Ezilungiselelwe Inhlekelele Yesizwe

Imithetho eye yavela eRaje Sabha Sumcasury inemiphumela ethatha indawo enkulu ekulungiseni amaNdiya ngezinhlekelele. Ukulungiselela kudlulela ngalé kwezinto zosizo ezigciniwe; kuhilela amandla omphakathi, izibopho ezingokomthetho, kanye nokuqoqwa kwezimpahla.

Ukulungiselela Kweziqu: I - NDMA, I - NDRF, Neziphathimandla ZoMbuso

I-DMA 2005 yakha i-NDMA njengendikimba ephethe inhlekelele. I-Rajiya Sabba yaphikelela ngokuthi i-NDMA ihlanganise amalungu anolwazi olungokwendawo, hhayi nje ama-bureaucrates. Namuhla, i-NDMA iveza iziqondiso zayo yonke into kusukela ekwakhekeni kwamakhemikhali alwa namakhemikhali alwa nenhlekelele. Ngokufanayo, i-NDRF, enezigqi eziyi-16 eziqeqeshelwe izingozi ezithile (ukuzamazama komhlaba, amakhemikhali, njlls), isebenza ngaphansi kwezakhiwo ezingokomthetho eziqinisekisa ukuba ukuthunyelwa kwayo kungenziwa ngokushesha kunqamule imingcele yomhlaba nempikiswano e-Rajiya Sabha. Ukuhleleka kungcono ngenxa yokuthi umthetho olungiselelweyo wonke ufuna ukuba i-SDM, i-akhemi, nokulungisa izinhlelo zemali ezixhaswayo ezisengxenyeni ze-mongongo.

Ukuphothula Okungokomthetho Kwezenzo Zokulungiselela

Ngaphansi kwe-DMA 2005, zonke izinkonzo neminyango kumelwe zilungiselele amalungiselelo okulawula inhlekelele. Lesibopho esingokomthetho, esidluliselwa ezinkampanini zendawo ngemva konyaka ka-2019 wokulungisa, siwumphumela oqondile wokugcizelela kukaRajeya Sabba ukuba necala. Ngokwesibonelo, uMnyango Wezinqola uqhuba ukubhola kwaminyaka yonke kokuzivivinya kwesitimela ngengozi, futhi uMnyango Wezempilo ulondoloza inqwaba yemithi yemithi kanye nemijovo yemijovo yezifo eziwubhadayo. Indima kaRajiya Sabbaha ekuqinisekiseni lamacebo ayivuseleki njalo; imibuzo yemithetho ephathelene nokuvuma isitimela iphoqelelwe ukuba ibukeze ukusabela kwayo ngengozi elungiselelwe minyaka yonke.

Ukulungiselela Izimali: Izimali Zokusabela Enhlekeleleni

IRajiya Sabra iye yaba negalelo ekulolongeni ukwakheka kwenhlekelele. Ingxenye 46 ye-DMA 2005 igunyaza ukwakhiwa kweNational Disaster Response Fund (NDRF) neNational Disaster Mitigation Fund (NDMF). Ikomiti yezezimali yeRajiya Sabba iphikisana ngokungemthetho kwalemali. Ngo-202020, ngemva kobhadane lwe-COVOVAD-19, i-Rajiya SHABHA icindezela ukwandisa i-NDRF corpus kanye nokudala isikhwama esihlukene sezinhlekelele zesayensi yezinto eziphilayo. Ukusabela kukahulumeni kwaholela ekwabiweni kwenani lemali yemali elungiselelwe ukukhuculiselwa kwemali engu-201.

Ithonya Lokusabela Kwenhlekelele Nemisebenzi Yokusiza

Lapho kugadla inhlekelele, isisekelo esingokomthetho esimi ngomRaje Sabha sinquma ukuthi ukusabela kwenzeka ngokushesha nangempumelelo kangakanani.

Izindlela Ezivamile Zokusebenza Nokubambisana

I-DMA 2005 inika i-NDMA amandla okunikeza iziyalezo ezibophayo kuhulumeni nasenkabeni yezinhlangano phakathi nenhlekelele. Lezi ziyalezo, ezifakwe ngeziphakamiso ezivela ezimpikiswaneni zeRajiya Sabha, zimise izinqubo ezivamile zokusebenza (SAPs) zokusakaza kwakuqala, ukukhipha, ukufuna nokuhlenga, nokusakaza. Ngokwesibonelo, i-SOP yempendulo yesiphepho e-Odishah / i-Chrime ngokunciphisa ukufa e-Syponfani (2029). [8] I-Rajiya Sabha yasungulwa ngaphansi kwale ngokomthetho.

Ukulandisa Nokubukeza Kwangemva Kokulahlwa

I-Raje Sabra ithonya futhi ukusabela ngemibuzo yephalamende namakomiti ahlangene nomnyango. Ngemva kwenhlekelele enkulu, ikomiti yezindaba zasekhaya ivame ukuzwa ukubukeza impendulo kahulumeni. Lokhu kuthethwa kuvame ukuholela ekutuseni izinguquko ezingokomthetho noma ezingokwemiklamo. Ngokwesibonelo, ngemva kwezikhukhula zeUttarakhand, umbiko wekomiti kaRajiya Sabba waholela ekulungiseni ukuqiniswa okuqinise indima ye-National Disaster Resolution Force (NDRF) ekuqhubeni ukuhlola nokuhlenga emadolobheni.

Ukuvikelwa Kwabantu Abathintekile Ngokomthetho

I-Raje Sabra isekelele ukuvikelwa okungokomthetho kwezisulu zenhlekelele. Amalungiselelo e-DMA 2005 athi ukunikeza usizo olukhululekile nesinxephezelo sokufa, ukulimala, nokulahlekelwa impahla kwaqiniswa ngemva kokuba amalungu acashunwe ngokungemthetho ezicini ezingaphambili. I-2019 i-amending yasungula indlela yokulungisa izikhalo esifundeni sombuso.

Izinselele Neminwe Yamabhodlela Endima YeRaje Sabha

Naphezu kwemiphumela yayo, ithonya likaRaje Sabha alikho ngaphandle kwemingcele. Ithonya lezombangazwe kanye nokuyinkimbinkimbi kwemiqondo kunganciphisa ukusabela kwemithetho enzima.

Ukungezwani Kwezombangazwe Nokulibala

Umthetho wenhlekelele ngokuvamile uba yimpoqo yempi yempi yezwe. Phakathi nengxoxo ye-2019 yokulungisa, i-Raje Sabra yabona ukuphikisana okushubile ngenxa yokumiswa kwemibuso, okwaholela ekulibaziseni kwezinyanga ezine ekudluliseni kwemali. Ukwephuza okunjalo kungaba okubizayo uma kudingeka izinguquko eziphuthumayo ezingokomthetho cishe, ukuxoxa ngezikhala ezidalwe yizibhakela noma izenzakalo zesimo sezulu ezihlobene ( PRS Ligisdatection Research of the Disatial Magement Bill, 2019 ).

I - Bureatorcrates Ne - Explorence Explorence

Ngisho nangemva kokuba umthetho usumisiwe, ukusetshenziswa kwawo kuxhomeke emishinini yobubhuqu iRaje Sabha engayilawuli ngokuqondile. Indlu ephezulu ingabiza onobhala futhi ibambe imibuzo, kodwa ukuguqula ukutusa kube yizenzo kudinga ukubusa kwe-odoli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isimiso sekomiti ka-Rajiya Sabha, nakuba siphumelela, sincitshiswa kakhulu, okuholela ekuhlolweni okungajulile kwezinto zobuchwepheshe. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe obuvelayo njengokuhlakanipha kokwenziwa kwezimiso zesixwayiso zakudala akuhlolwanga kahle ezimisweni zekomiti yokulalela.

Ukusongelwa Kwezindawo Ezizungezile: I - pandemics, Ukushintsha Kwesimo Sezulu Nezinhlekelele Ezibangelwa Ama - cyber

Isimiso somthetho, esiklanyelwe izinhlekelele ezingokwemvelo ezifana nezikhukhula nokuzamazama komhlaba, sidinga ukujwayela izingozi ezingokwemvelo (njengoba zibonwa phakathi ne-COVID-19), ukuhamba kancane kokuhlela isimo sezulu, kanye nosongo lwe-inthanethi. IRajiya Sabhaha ayikaqhubeki nempikiswano enikezelweyo ngenhlekelele ye-inthaneti elungiselelwe, naphezu kwengozi eyandayo yezezisekelo ezibucayi. Ngokufanayo, i-National Disatical Management Province Plan iculement igxekwe ngokunga-ngalingani ngokugcwele ne-Sendai Framey yengozi yeReuction 2015-2030 ([[[FLDR] ku-India Sendai Frames ment's )]. I-Rajinha ingenza indima engcono kakhulu ngokuhlola lezi zingozi.

Iziyalezo zesikhathi esizayo: Ukuqinisa indima ye-Raje Sabha

Ukuze inhlekelele yesizwe ilungiswe futhi isabelwe kahle, iRaje Sabha kumelwe ishintshe izindlela zayo nezinto eziza kuqala.

Ukusetshenziswa Kakhulu KwamaKomiti Akhethekile

I-Raje Sabra ingamisa ikomiti ekhethayo ehlala njalo ebhekene nokubusa ngenhlekelele, idweba ubuchwepheshe bamalungu anezizinda zesimo sezulu, impilo yomphakathi, nobunjiniyela be-onginenginiyela bezwe. Le komiti ingaphatha ukuthethwa kwecala ngaphambi kokuba kusungulwe zonke izikweleti ezihlobene nenhlekelele, kunokuba ikwenze ngemva kwalokho. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuhlolwa kwangaphambi kwe-legislative ukuhlolwa kwe-National Disaster Management (Amenment, Bill, 2024 (okulindeleke ukubhekana nesimo sezulu) kungaqinisekisa ukuthi kunezindlela ezinhle kakhulu emhlabeni wonke ezifakiwe.

Ukuqinisa Ukunakekela Izimali

Ikomiti yezezimali yaseRajiya Sabra kufanele iqhube ukubukeza kwaminyaka yonke ukugunyazwa kwezimali zokusabela enhlekeleleni. Okwamanje, lemali ivame ukuncishiswa ngenxa yezinqubo eziqinile. Ngokutusa izinguquko zeziqondiso zezimali . Ngokuvumela ukubekwa kwangempela phakathi kwempendulo ne-mitation . i-Rajya Sabra ingenza inhlekelele ithambe ngokwengeziwe futhi iphumelele. Umbiko ka-20222 ka- Compter no-Piniorder (CAG) uthola ukuthi i-40% ye-National Response Responsementation Reformation (CAG) i-attlet ([[FLT:]) eneminyaka ethile [[FK]] Ingxelo yenhlekelele, [2] [FLT] [2] [FLT]]) isebenzisa ukuguqula okunjalo.

Ukuhlola Nokuhlanganyela Kwabantu Ngobuchwepheshe

Nakuba i-Rajiya Sabba isizuza kakade kumalungu aneziqu ezizimele anobuchwepheshe, ingasungula ukuhileleka kochwepheshe bangaphandle ngokulalela umphakathi nange-web site. Ngokwesibonelo, phakathi nokuhlelwa kweziqondiso zokwenza amaqhinga okushisa, iRajiya Sabhaha ingamema iminikelo evela kuziphathimandla zezwe eziphethe inhlekelele, izikhulu zendawo zikamasipala, kanye nabameleli bemiphakathi esengozini. Ukwenza umthetho ohlukanisayo wandisa ukusebenza nokwamukela umthetho.

Imithetho Ethuthukisa Izinhlekelele Enemigomo Eqhubekayo

Imithetho yokulawula inhlekelele yaseNdiya kufanele ihambisane ne-Sustainable Development Zomgomo (SDGs), ikakhulukazi inhloso 13 (Isenzo) nenhloso 11 (Izimo ezihlala emadolobheni nasemphakathini). IRajiya Sabba ingaqala ukuhlola iDMA 2005 ukuhlobanisa ngokucacile ukuncitshiswa kwengozi ngokuhlelwa kwentuthuko. Ngokwesibonelo, ukwakha imithetho yokwakha entsha kufanele kugunyazwe ngokomthetho ukumelana nokuzamazama komhlaba neziphepho, ushintsho olungaqhutshwa yikomiti yasedolobheni laseRajiya Sabra.

Isiphetho

Indima kaRaje Sabra ekulolongeni inhlekelele yaseNdiya elungiselelweni nemithetho yokusabela isekelwe futhi ixazulule. Ngamandla ayo okuhlela, ukulungisa, nokuqondisa, indlu ephezulu iye yaqinisekisa ukuthi umthetho onjenge Disaster Disaster Management Act, 2005 awuwona umkhiqizo ophezulu kodwa umkhiqizo wempikiswano ecatshangelwayo yokuthi ibangela ukuma kwezindawo, umphakathi, yinkimbinkimbi, nobuchwepheshe. Ukumiswa kwezimiso zenhlangano ezinjenge NDMA, NDRF, nezikhulu zesifunda, kanye nezimiso ze-fiscal zobuphiniphini, ufanele ukuzwa kakhulu kwe-Rajya Sabra ngokulinganayo, imithetho egcinwayo.

Kodwa, uhlelo lwemithetho kumelwe luhambisane nokusongela okuqhubekayo kwendawo. I-pandemic, ukushintsha isimo sezulu, kanye ne-inthanetha-nethi yengozi engokwemvelo kudinga ukusabela okusha komthetho. IRaje Sabra ingabhekana nalezi zinselele ngokuqinisa ukusebenzisa kwayo amakomiti angochwepheshe, ukuthuthukisa ukuqondisa ngokwezimali, nokuhlanganisa inhlekelele nokulawula imigomo eqinile. Ngokwenza kanjalo, iqhubeke ikhonza njengensika ebucayi ekwakheni inhlekelele eNdiya, futhi-awena lapho imithetho ingekho khona nje amathuluzi asebenzayo kodwa izisekelo eziqinile zokuvikela nokululama.