Ukuziphendukela Kwenkululeko Yomshado Ye - LGBTQ+ Imikhaya

Uhambo oluya ekulinganani komshado i-LGBTQ+ imibhangqwana iyindaba yokuguqulwa okungokomthetho, kwezenhlalo, namasiko. Emashumini amabili eminyaka adlule, amazwe angaphezu kwamashumi amathathu aye agunyaza umshado ongokwasemshadweni ofanayo, enika imikhaya eholwa imibhangqwana efanayo ehlangene ngokusemthethweni kanye nokuqashelwa okungokomthetho ukuthi imibhangqwana ehlukene nexxxternet iye yajabulela indawo. EUnited States, iSibonelo seNkanto esiwunyakazekade 2015 esiwunyakaze kakhulu ku- [Obergfell v. Hodges [i] inyuselwa emalungeni ahlukene ahlukene ahlukene ahlukene ahlukene, ngokuyisisekelo, ukunyuswa kwezindawo ze-LTBQ. Lokhu kushintshela kuveza ukukhula kwezigidi zezingane ze-LT+ [ignoth]

Ngalé kwesimiso esingokomthetho, umshado unencazelo ejulile yezenhlalo. Kubantwana unikeza izimpawu zokuthi imikhaya yabo iqashelwa, yaziswa, futhi ivikelekile. Kubazali, umshado ongokomthetho unikeza uhlelo oluqinile olusekela ukuqina komkhaya, kusukela ekuvakasheleni esibhedlela ukuba kungatholakali ukuqashelwa kwabazali. Lokhu kuzinza kubaluleke kakhulu ekukhuleni kwengane. Ukucwaninga njalo kubonisa ukuthi izingane ziyachuma lapho abanakekeli bazo benosizo olungokomthetho nolwezenhlalo oludingekile ukuze zakhe indawo yasekhaya elondekile. INhlangano yaseMelika yePsychological Association iphawule ukuthi abantwana babazali abanomzali oyedwa abaxhunyiwe babhekana nokuqashelwa kwabazali abahlukene, nokuthi ukuqaphela ngokomthetho kuthuthukisa lemiphumela ([[[FLD:]]]]]

Ukuvikelwa Ngokomthetho Nethonya Lakho Ebunyeni Bomkhaya

Umshado ongokomthetho unikeza inqwaba yesivikelo esithinta ngokuqondile impilo yabantwana. Lezi zindawo zihlanganisa ukutholakala komshuwalense wempilo ompontshelwa umqashi, izinzuzo zezenhlala- kahle, amalungelo efa, nekhono lokwenza izinqumo zokwelapha umngane noma umntwana ngaphandle kwezinkinga ezingokomthetho. Kubazali abangashadile, lezi zisivikelo ngokuvamile zingekho noma zifune amalungiselelo abizayo angokomthetho anjengendlela yokutholwa komzali wesibili, angekho kuzo zonke izifunda. Ukungabikho kwamalungelo omshado kungaholela ekutheni umzali afe ngaphandle kwentando yakhe, umngane ophilayo angalahlekelwa ilungelo lokuhlala nomntwana noma ukulahlekelwa yikhaya.

Umshuwalense Wezempilo Nokunakekelwa

Abantwana abane-LGBTQ abashadile basengozini kakhulu yokuba nomshuwalense wempilo oqhubekayo. Ngokwemininingwane evela ku- I-Human Rights Campaign, imibhangqwana efanayo ehlangene ngaphandle kokulingana emshadweni ebhekene kakhulu namanani angenakulinganiswa ngaphambi kwesinqumo se-Obergefefefel. Ukuqina komshuwalense wempilo kunciphisa ukucindezeleka kubazali futhi kuqinisekisa ukuthi abantwana bathola ukunakekelwa kwasikhathi sonke kwezempilo namazinyo, izinkonzo zokuvimbela, kanye nokwelashwa ngezinkinga zempilo. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ngemikhaya yeLGBTQ, engase ibhekane nezenzo zokungatshakazi ezempilo ngenxa yobandlululo noma ukucwasa.

Ukuqashelwa Umzali Nokutholwa Kwabantwana

Abazali abashadile abashadile bathola ngokuzenzekelayo ukuqashelwa ngokomthetho kwamalungelo abo abazali kuzo zonke izifundazwe, besusa isidingo sokutholwa noma iziyalo zenkantolo. Lokhu kuqaphela okuzenzekelayo kusho ukuthi bobabili abazali bangasayina imvume yesikole, bagunyaze ukwelashwa, futhi bahlelwe esitifiketini sokuzalwa kwengane. Ngaphandle komshado, abazali abangakholelwa kubazali abangobangobazalwayo bangase babhekwe njengabangabazi abangokomthetho kubantwana babo siqu, babangele ukukhathazeka nokungahleleki uma ubuhlobo buphela. Ukuhlolwa kwamashumi amabili ephephabhukwini [[FLT: 0]] kuthole ukuthi izingane ezinezinsomivuzo ezimbili eziqashelwa ngokomthetho zinezinzuzo ezingcono futhi ziphawulwe kahle kakhulu izifunda ngomzali oyedwa kuphela ([FLD:[F]]]]]]

Ukuba Yinhlala - kahle Engokomzwelo Nangokwengqondo Kwabantwana

Enye yezinto ezitholakele ngokungaguquki kulencwadi ukuthi abantwana abakhuliswe abazali abangongqingili abaqashelwa ngokomthetho babika amazinga angokomzwelo alinganayo ne-(ne) futhi kwezinye izici badlula kakhulu — labo bontanga abanabazali abahlukene. I-meta-analysis enyatheliswe e [[ Journal of Marriage and Family [[[FLT: 1]] babukeza kaningi kakhulu izifundo futhi baphetha ngokuthi izinqubo zomkhaya (ukufudumala, ukuguquguquka, ukuqina, nokusekela) zingaphezulu kakhulu kwemiphumela yezingane kunendlela ehlelekelwe ngayo noma indlela yobulili ([FLT:] BBlarziz & Stay, 2020 [FLT])) ukuqinisa lezo zinqubo zezentengo zeze yezenkimbi yeze yeze ngokwezimali nezenhlalo.

Ukuncipha Kokuphazamiseka Nokuvuselelwa Okuqhubekayo

Ukulingana komshado kunikeza isigijimi esicacile kubantwana: umkhaya wakho usebenza futhi uyigugu njenganoma yimuphi omunye. Uma abantwana bebona ukuncintisana kwabazali babo kuvunyelwa ngokomthetho, bafaka ngaphakathi umuzwa wokuzinza nokuziqhenya. Lokhu kuvimbela ukudumazeka kwangaphandle kubalulekile ekukhuleni kwengqondo. Ukuhlolwa okulula kwezingane ezisencane zabazali abanomzali owengeziwe kuthola ukuthi labo abazali babo bashade babika izinga eliphansi lokucindezeleka nokukhathazeka kunalabo abazali babo ababengashadile, ngisho nangemva kokulawula isimo sezentengiselwano ([[FLT:]] Russell & Fish, 2019 )]. Ukuqamba okusemthethweni komshado njengengxenye evikela, ukuvikela abantwana ezifweni ezilimazayo.

Ukubambisana Komkhaya Nokukhulumisana

Imibhangqwana eshadile, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ithambekele ebuhlotsheni obuhlukile, ithambekele ekubikeni ukwaneliseka okuphakeme nokwehla kwezinga lokuchitheka kunemibhangqwana ehlala ndawonye engashadile. Lezindaba ezizinzileyo zezingane. Isehlukaniso nokuhlukana ziyizenzakalo ezicindezelayo kunoma yimuphi umntwana, kodwa kubantwana base-LGBTQ+ + imikhaya, izigxobo ziphakeme ngoba amalungiselelo okuwinwa kwelungelo lokuwinwa kwabantwana angancishwa uma amalungelo abazali engasungulwanga ngokucacile. Umshado ongokomthetho ukhuthaza ukuzibopheka okuthatha isikhathi eside futhi unikeza uhlelo oluhleliwe lwezimiso eziqinile kanye nokulondeka okungokomzwelo.

Izinzuzo Zokufundela Ubufundisi Nezomphakathi

Ukuzinza okubangelwa amalungelo omshado kuphumela ezinzuzoni ezingenakulinganiswa emfundweni nasekukhuleni kwezenhlalo. Izingane ezine-LGBTQ eshadile + abazali benza ngendlela efanayo kontanga yazo ekuhlolweni okuvamile, zinamazinga alinganayo okuthweswa iziqu zasesikoleni esiphakeme, futhi cishe zicishe ziya ngokulinganayo ekholijini. Nokho, ukuhlola kuye kwathola ukuthi izingane ezisezifundeni ezilinganayo zivame ukubika izinga eliphansi lokuqinela abanye nokuhlukumeza ontanga, ngokunokwenzeka ngenxa yezimpawu ezingokomthetho zomphakathi ezamukeleka futhi zinciphisa izimo zengqondo zobandlululo phakathi kwentsha.

Indawo Ezungezile Esikoleni Nobuhlobo Bontanga

Uma abazali beshadile ngokomthetho, izikole zivame kakhulu ukuqaphela bobabili abazali ezinhlelweni zokubhalisa futhi zibahlanganise nasemihlanganweni yabazali nothisha. Lokhu kubukeka okubili kuwenza ube nobuntu obuvamile umkhaya wengane futhi kunciphise amathuba amancane okuthatheka kothisha noma ofunda nabo. Umbiko ka-2021 ovela ku-GLSEN (uGy, uLesbian & Imfundo Ethect Network) ubonise ukuthi iLGBTQ nabazali ababeshadile babika izikhathi ezimbalwa zezisebenzi zesikole ezingafuni ukuqaphela ubuhlobo bazo, futhi izingane zabo zazingasakwazi ukuyeka isikole ngenxa yokuzizwa zingalondekile. Intuthuko yezenhlalo futhi izinzuzo: izingane ezinomuzwa wokuthi umkhaya wakubo uhlonishwa ukuba zibe nobudlelwane obunempilo futhi zizimisele ukumema ontanga babo ngaphandle kokwesaba imibuzo enzima.

Ukunikeza Isijeziso Nokuthuthukisa Ulimi

Ukuzinza komkhaya, kuhlanganise nokulondeka komnotho okunikezwa umshado, kusekela ukukhula komqondo. Imibhangqwana eshadile ivame ukuba nemali ephakeme kanye nemali engcono kunemibhangqwana ehlala ndawonye engashadile, evumela ukutshala imali ekunakekeleni abantwana abanele, ukucebisa, nemisebenzi yemfundo. Ukuhlola kokukhula kwabantwana kuhlobanisa ukulondeka okungokomnotho njalo nokukhula kwamagama, ukusebenza kwesikole. Nakuba imibhangqwana efanayo eshadile iye yabhekana nenkokhelo kanye nobandlululo, amalungelo omshado aye asiza ekuqedeni igebelele lezomnotho. Ukwaziswa okuvela ku-Williams Institute e-UCLA School of Law kubonisa ukuthi imibhangqwana eshadile inemitako emisha emisha emisha emishanayo manje imisha ehlukene, ilinganiswe neyasengathi imibhangqwana emishaniso emishaneni engaphezulu, elinganiselwe ekuthintekeni kwemiphumela yezingane ([FM:]) [FPG.[1]

Ukuhlaziya Okuqhathanisayo: Izifunda Nezingenakho Ukulingana Komshado

Imithetho yomshado ehlukene emhlabeni wonke inikeza ukuhlola okungokwemvelo kwendlela ukuqashelwa okungokomthetho okuthinta ngayo izingane. Ezindaweni lapho ukulingana komshado kuye kwamiswa khona, njengeCanada, amazwe amaNordic, nenani elandayo lezifunda ze-U.S. ngaphambi komthetho ka-2015, abacwaningi baye bathola intuthuko enkulu ezikhombisweni zezingane ezingcono. Ngokuphambene, emazweni lapho ubudlelwane obufanayo obusebungane buhlala bukhona bukhona noma bungaqashelwa, izingane ezinabazali zibhekene nobunzima obukhulu.

Ukuhlola Izifo Eziqondile

  • : Kusukela lapho kuvunyelwa umshado ongokobulili ngo 2005, izingane zaseCanada eLGBTQ+ ziye zabonisa amanye amazinga aphansi kakhulu okucindezeleka nokukhathazeka phakathi kwazo zonke izingane e-OECD. Isimo sezulu esingokomthetho nesomphakathi sibongwa ngokunciphisa ukucindezeleka kwemindeni embalwa.
  • Norway neSweden:[ Lamazwe kudala anikeza ukuqashelwa okungokomthetho kobuhlobo obufanayo bobulili nobomshado kamuva. Ukuhlolwa ko 2017 eYunivesithi yase-Oslo kwathola ukuthi abantwana abanomzali oyedwa onezici zobulili kulamazwe babengenakho ukwehluka kwemfundo noma ushintsho lwengqondo uma kuqhathaniswa nabantwana abanabazali abahlukene.
  • United States (i-post-Obergefell):[ Isinqumo sango 2015 saholela ekuncipheni kwe 40% yokucindezeleka okubikwayo okungokwengqondo phakathi kwabantwana abanomzali oneziqu ezifanayo, ngokokuhlaziywa kwe-National Survey of Children’s Health.

Imiphumela Emibi Ezimweni Ezibekelwe Imingcele

Ezingxenyeni zomhlaba lapho ukulingana komshado kungaqashelwa khona − njengamazwe amaningi e-Afrika, eMpuma Ephakathi, naseMpumalanga Yurophu − abantwana be-LGBTQ + basengozini enkulu. Bangase bahlukaniswe ngokomthetho nomzali oyedwa uma umbhangqwana uhamba noma uma umzali ongokomthetho efa. Ukungahleleki komphakathi kungaholela ekuhlukunyezweni, ukungabi nakhaya, nempilo ebuthakathaka. Umbiko ka-20 ngu-International Lesbian, Gay, Bigline, Trans kunye ne Interssex Association (ILGA) ufaka izimpawu lapho abantwana basuswa khona emakhaya abo ngenxa nje yenkambo yobuhlobo bobulili bomzali, ukwephulwa kweZizwe ezihlangene ([FL:] .[FLD]][FLAN] [Ezwe]], ngisho nasemishadweni yezena.

Izinselele Nezithiyo

Naphezu kwezinzuzo ezicacile zamalungelo omshado, izinselele ezinkulu zisasele. Ngisho nasezindaweni zomshado ezilinganayo, iLGBTQ+ abazali basabhekana nobandlululo ekunakekeleni impilo, imfundo, nezinkonzo zezenhlalo. Ubandlululo lobuzali lungabonakala ngezindlela ezicashile: udokotela angase akhulume nomzali oyedwa kuphela, noma uthisha angase athathe umntwana engenabo bobabili obaba ababili. Lokhu kulwa kwemizwa kulimaza imikhaya ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukudlula kwabazali abangavumelani nezinhlangano kungabhekana nezithiyo ezingokomthetho ngenxa yokuthi imithetho yomshado ivame ukuncikamela ezigabeni zobulili obuphelelwe yisikhathi ezisezingeni lokuzalwa kanye nezincwadi zokuzichaza.

Izici Ezingokomnotho

Nakuba umshado unikeza izinzuzo ezingokomnotho, iLGBTQ+ abantu abasebhekene nezikhala zeholo kanye nokucwaswa kwemisebenzi. Ezifundazweni zase-U.S., kuhlala kungokomthetho ukudubula othile ngenxa yokuba ungqingili noma ukuthutha. Lokhu kugadla kwezomnotho kuthinta ngokungenakuqhathaniswa imibhangqwana ekhulisa izingane, eminingi yayo kakade eseyande ngokwezimali ngenxa yezindleko zokwelapha inzalo noma ukutholwa. Amalungelo omshado kuphela awakwazi ukuqeda lemikhakha elinganiselwe; kumelwe ihlanganiswe nesivikelo esiqinile esingadibanisiyo nezimiso zokushiya izingane.

Izikhungo Ezingefani

Abantwana abanemibala ye-LGBTQ+ abazali babhekene nokucwaswa okukhushuliwe. Imibhangqwana emnyama ne-Latinx efanayo ivame ukukhulisa abantwana kunemibhangqwana emhlophe exubile, nokho ibhekene namazinga aphakeme obumpofu nokungahleleki kwezindlu. Umshado ongokomthetho uyasiza kodwa awuxazululi ngokugcwele ubandlululo lwezimiso oluthinta lemikhaya. Amaqembu angabantu abamnyama nabezentengiselwano njenga ISikhungo sobunganiselo ugcizelela isidingo sokungenela kwezindawo ezisekela yonke imikhaya, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izinhlanga, ubuhlanga, noma isimo sokufuduka.

Ukutuswa Kwemithetho Neziqondiso Zesikhathi Esizayo

Ukuze bandise ukuchuma kwezingane emndenini waseLGBTQ+, abenzi bezimiso nabasekeli kufanele baphishekele la masu alandelayo:

  1. [ Ukuqashelwa komshado okungavumelani: kuyaqhubeka ukuphoqelela ukulingana komshado kuzo zonke izifundazwe zase-U.S., kanye nezinhlangano ezisekelayo emhlabeni wonke ezisebenzela ukuhlawuliswa komthetho nokuqashelwa okungokomthetho emazweni avinjelwe.
  2. Imithetho yokuzala: iqinisekisa ukuthi abantwana babazali abafanayo baqashelwa ngokomthetho ukuba babe nabo bobabili abazali njengabaqaphi abangokomthetho, ngisho noma abazali bengashadanga ngesikhathi sokuzalwa. Lokhu kungafinyelelwa ngezenzo zobuzali noma ngezinguquko zesivumelwano sokuzalwa.
  3. Isivikelo ekucwaseni: Imithetho ebanzi yokungaguquguquki ehlanganisa izindlu, umsebenzi, ukunakekelwa kwempilo, nezindawo zomphakathi zokulala ze-LGBTQ+ abantu. Umthetho we-Eality e-U.S. uvala izikhala eziningi ezikhona.
  4. [ Izimiso zomkhaya ezihlanganisayo: [ukwelula ikhefu lomkhaya elikhokhelwayo, ukunakekelwa kwabantwana okungakhokhwa, kanye nokusekela izinhlelo zeholo ukuze yonke imikhaya", ikakhulukazi leyo eholwa yi-LGBTQ+ abazali abanombala", iphumelele.
  5. Ukuqeqesha okungokwesiko: qeqesha abafundisi, abanikazi bempilo, nezisebenzi zezenhlalakahle ngendlela yokusekela i-LGBTQ+ imikhaya ezwelayo futhi egcwele.

Isiphetho

Amalungelo omshado angaphezulu kakhulu kunezimpawu ezingokonyaka noma ezingokomfanekiso. Ayisisekelo sokuzinza komkhaya, ukunikeza ukulondeka okungokomthetho, okungokomnotho, nokungokomzwelo okuzuzisa izingane ngokuqondile. Amashumi eminyaka okucwaninga kontanga kuqinisekisa ukuthi abantwana eLGBTQ abanemikhaya eshadile bajabulela imiphumela efanayo noma engcono kuneminye imisebenzi yontanga yabo. Njengoba ukuphakama kwembulunga yonke eqondene nomshado kuqhubeka kunyuka, ubufakazi bucacile: lapho sisekela imikhaya ye-LGBTQ ngomshado ongokomthetho, sifaka empilweni, enjabune, nasesikhathini esizayo sabantwana babo. Ukubheka amalungelo alinganayo emisha yontanga yabo kwezinye izimiso zomkhaya akusona nje isimo esidingekayo ukuze isizukulwane esilandelayo sibe nesizukulwane.