Isingeniso

Ukusuka kwe-United Kingdom e-European Union .Indlela eyaziwa njenge-Brexit, izingane, noma izihlobo ezincikene nayo cishe kuzo zonke izici zesimiso sokufuduka kwe-UK. Phakathi kwezindawo ezithinteke kakhulu ukuhlanganiswa komkhaya ukuhlanganiswa: inqubo umuntu ohlala ngokomthetho e-UK angaletha ngayo amalungu omkhaya asondelene (abangane bomkhaya, izingane, noma izihlobo) ukuba ahlale nabo. Ngaphambi kokuba i-EU ex ejabulela amalungelo aseduze okuthuthwayo omkhaya ukuba aphinde ahlanganiswe futhi ahlanganiswe ngaphansi kwesimiso senkululeko yokuhamba, kuyilapho umuntu ongeyena u-EU ebhekenemithetho ehlukene, eqinile ehlelile imikhawulo yemithetho. Kusukela ekupheleni koshintsho lwenkathi ngo-31 Disemba 2020, i-U i-U ivene projective ehlanganisa futhi engekho kwe-UU e-U. Le nqubo yokuhlola kabusha kwemindebe yezentengiselwa yemikhaya, futhi i-U yeminde yemi yomphakathi, kusukela ekuthole neyo yonke i-U, kusukela ekuthole neyo yonke i-E.

Isizinda: Ukuhlanganiswa Komkhaya kuyi - EU ne - UK

Ngaphambi kwe-Brexit, i-UK yayiyingxenye yesimiso sokuhamba ngokukhululekile se-European Union, eyamiswa yiSivumelwano sokusebenza kwe-European Union and Directive 2004/38/EC. Lesi simiso esingokomthetho savumela noma isiphi isakhamuzi se-EU ukuba sithuthele futhi sihlale kunoma yisiphi esinye isifundazwe samalungu, kuhlanganise ne-UK, futhi siphelekwe amalungu omkhaya waso ngaphandle kobuzwe baso. Lokho kwasho ukuthi isiFulentshi esisebenza eLondon sasingaletha umngane womshado eBrazil ngaphandle kokudinga ukwanelisa isicelo esihlukile somsebenzi we-visa. Inqubo yayidinga ukuphatha, idinga kuphela ikhadi lokuhlala ukuze kuqiniselwe ilungelo lokuhlala.

Kubantu abangewona ama-EU abahlala e-UK, ukuhlanganiswa komkhaya kwase kunemingcele eyengeziwe. Kwadingeka ukuba kusetshenziswe ngaphansi kwemithetho yoku-Immigration Relationation, ikakhulukazi i-Appendix FM, eyakha izimfuneko ezilinganiselwe zemali, ukuhlola kwesiNgisi, nenqubo yokusebenza ende. Nokho, ukuba khona kwendlela ehlukile, ebanzi kakhulu yezakhamuzi ze-EU kwakha isimiso esinezingaphazamiso ezimbili: leyo eyayilula ngokwesilinganiso emikhayeni ye-EU futhi eyayinzima kakhulu emikhayeni engeyona eye-EU.

I - European Court of Justice (ECJ) yahlanganisa nezindawo ezithile zokuvikela amalungelo abantu ngokuphindaphindiwe yanquma ukuthi imingcele yokuhlanganiswa komkhaya kumelwe ilinganiswe futhi akumelwe ilulaze ilungelo eliyisisekelo lokuhlonipha ukuphila komkhaya ngaphansi kweSiphakamiso 8 se - European Convention on Human Rights.

Ushintsho lwenhlandla-mgoqo: Isimiso esisekelwe kumaphuzu nemithetho yomkhaya emisha

Kusukela ngo-1 January 2021, i-UK iye yasebenzisa isimiso sokufuduka esisekelwe emakhoneni esiphatha zonke izizwe ezingabuthiwe − kungaba ezivela e-EU noma kwezinye izindawo ngokulinganayo/_ngokulinganayo. Isimiso esisha saqeda ukuhamba ngenkululeko kwezakhamuzi ze-EU futhi sasungula uhlelo olufanayo lwemithetho efanayo yomsebenzi, ukutadisha, nemvume yomkhaya. Ukuze kuphinde kuhlanganiswe inqubo, inqubo eyinhloko ihlanganisa:

  • Azisekho ilungelo elizenzakalelayo: izakhamuzi ze-EU ezazingahlali e-UK ngaphambi kuka-31 Disemba 2020 azinakuletha amalungu omkhaya ngaphandle kokuhlangabezana nezimfuneko ezifanayo nezingahlanga ezingezona ezase-EU.
  • Umnyango wezezimali: Umxhasi (umhlazi) kumelwe abonise iholo elilinganiselwe elingu $$18,600 ngonyaka (unyukela kubantwana abahilelekile). Lomnyango wabekwa kuqala ngo-2012 emikhayeni engeyona i-EU futhi manje usebenza kubo bonke abaxhasi, kuhlanganise nezakhamuzi ze-EU ezafika ngemva kwe-Brexit.
  • Imfuneko yolimi lwesingisi:[ Umfaki wesicelo (ilungu lomkhaya laphesheya) kumele abonise ikhono lesiNgisi ngesilinganiso A1 (basic) kuyi-Common Framestoy of Reference for Dimigue.
  • [[NTL:0] Isihe kanye nohlelo lwesizinda: Bonke abafaka isicelo kumele badlulise isihlokwana sohlolo sifo sofuba (uma bevela ezweni elisohlwini), banikeze isitifiketi esisemthethweni somthetho, futhi bakhokhe i-Immigration Health Surlation.
  • Ukuhlanganisa i-Health Surfution: I- surfurence, manje u-$624 ngonyaka kucela, kumelwe ikhokhelwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi se-vsavse (ngokwesilinganiso sezinyanga ezingu-30).

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhulumeni we-UK wasungula i-ESettlement Scheme (EUSS) ukuze uvikele amalungelo ezakhamuzi ze-EU esezihlala e-UK ngo-31 December 2020. Labo abanesikhundla esizinzile noma esibekwe phambili bangathembela emithethweni yangaphambi kokumiswa komkhaya ukuze baphinde bahlonishwe, kodwa uma nje bengabonisa ubuhlobo bomkhaya bukhona ngaphambi kokuhamba kwe-UK. UK wasungula ubuhlobo obusha ngemva kuka-31 December 2020 kumele bahlangabezane nezimfuneko eziqinile.

Imfuneko Yezimali: Inkinga Ethakazelisayo

Umnyango weholo eliphansi ka-$$18,600 ungomunye wemikhakha ephikisana kakhulu nenqubo yomkhaya ka-UK yokubuyisana. Ngo-2012 kwasungulwa ukuba kuqikelelwe abaxhasi abangebona i-EU, kwakuhloselwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imikhaya izisekela ngaphandle kokuzikhokhela izimali zomphakathi. Nokho, abagxeki sekuyisikhathi eside bephikisa ukuthi isilinganiso semali singenamthetho futhi sithinta abesifazane, abantu abambalwa besizwe, nalabo abanomvuzo noma abantengantengantengi. Umbiko ka-2016 nge-ExObservatory eYunivesithi yase-Oxford wathola ukuthi umnyango ususa abantu abasebenzayo abacishe bangama-40% eUK-avents ekukwazini ukuxhasa i-UK-BRIT. I-BES, lomthetho manje usebenza kahle njengabaxhasi be-EU, inani elikhulu lemikhaya okumelwe uhlangane.

Ngo-2017, iNkantolo Ephakeme ku R (ekusebenzeni kwe-MM kanye nezinye) v noNobhala weSizwe woMnyango Wasekhaya yanquma ukuthi imithetho evimbela ukuphila komkhaya ngaphansi kweSiphakamiso 8 kumelwe inikeze ukubaluleka okungcono kakhulu kwezingane. Nakuba inkantolo ingawushayanga umkhawulo, yashukumisela iHhovisi Lasekhaya ukuba likhiphe isiqondiso sezenkambiso ukuba livumele izisebenzi zicabangele izimo ezikhethekile lapho umnyango ungahlangani. Naphezu kwalokhu, ubufakazi bubonisa ukuthi ukugweba okunjalo kusetshenziswa ngokungenamingcele, futhi imikhaya eminingi iyaqhubeka ibhekene nokwehlukana.

Imfuneko Yolimi LwesiNgisi

Abacela imvume yomkhaya manje kumelwe banikeze ubufakazi bokuphumelela ukuhlolwa kolimi lwesiNgisi oluvunyelweyo emazingeni angu-A1 .Isidingo sisebenza kubo bonke abafaka imvume esemthethweni yomkhaya, kuhlanganise nomngane womshado, nabancikene naye nabadala. Kubantu abahlala e-EU ababenelungelo elizenzekelayo lokuletha amalungu omkhaya, lokhu kuyinselele entsha futhi ngokuvamile engalindelekile. Ukukhishwa kuvela kuphela kumazwe amaningi akhuluma isiNgisi nakulabo kakade asephumelele ekuhlolweni kwezezezeze isiNgisi (umz., ukuze bathole imvume yokusebenza). Kusebe abadala noma abaphansi abacela umsebenzi, lokhu kungaba isithiyo esiphawulekayo ekuziqeqesheni.

Ithonya Ezakhamuzini Ze - EU Ziyabuya E - UK

Izakhamuzi ze-EU ezafika e-UK ngaphambi kuka-31 Disemba 2020 zingazuza emithethweni yangaphambi kwe-Brexit yomkhaya yokuhlanganisa, kodwa kuphela uma sezizinzile noma zishintshwe ngaphansi kwe-EU Settlement Scheme. Kulaba bantu, le nqubo ayishintshi kakhulu: zingaletha amalungu omkhaya aseyingxenye yekhaya lawo ngaphambi kuka-Bretit, uma ubuhlobo bukhona ngaleso sikhathi. Nokho, uma isakhamuzi sase-EU esinezimo ezimisiwe ngaphansi kwe-EU ngemva komhla ka-31 Disemba 2020, kumelwe ukuba manje ashintshele esimisweni esisekelwe-"$18,600, iholo lesiNgisi, inhlolo yemali egcwele. Lokhu kubangele ukudideleka nokuhlupheka kwe-EU esaba i-EU.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izakhamuzi ze-EU ezafika ngemva kuka-31 Disemba 2020 azinasikhundla esikhethekile nhlobo. Ziphathwa njenganoma yimuphi omunye umfuduki futhi kumelwe zifanelekele ngaphansi kwemithetho yomkhaya iVisa (Isithasiselo se-FM), kuhlanganise nomnyango wezimali. Ngokwesibonelo, umhlengikazi waseJalimane othuthela e-UK ngo-2022 ukuze asebenze e-NHS kungadingeka ukuba ahlangabezane nemfuneko yokuletha umngane wakhe womshado e-Turkey (a umthetho we-EUFS) ngaphambi kwe-Bretit. Lokhu kuye kwaholela ekubeni imibiko yokuhlukaniswa kwemikhaya izinyanga noma ngisho neminyaka engu-20222 ukuze ithole imali eyanele lapho isekela i - .

Ithonya Ezakhamuzini Ezingezona I - EU

Kubantu bezwe elingebona i-EU, i-Brexit ayikangenisi imithetho emisha ngokuphelele . Basuke sebebhekene nezimfuneko zomkhaya zokuphinde bahlanganiswe ngaphansi kwe-Appendix FM. Nokho, ukususwa komzila we-EU okhethekayo kusho ukuthi imindeni engeyo-EU ayisakwazi ukuthuthela esifundazweni se-EU (njenge-Ireland) futhi khona-ke basebenzisa amalungelo akhululekile ukuletha umuntu ongeyena EU ku-U-U", imbobo eyayisetshenziswe yimibhangqwana ethile ngaphambi kwe-Bretit. Lendlela “Surinder Singh” ayikavaliwe ngokucacile i-Immigration Real kusukela ngo-2017, futhi iBrein ayitholisanga ngokuphelele.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuphuma kwe-UK e - EU kuqede ukusebenza kweziqondiso zomkhaya ze-EU ezithi zikhulu kakhulu ezicini ezithile. Isiqondiso se-EU seBlue Card sivumela izisebenzi ezinekhono ukuba zilethe amalungu omkhaya ngaphandle kwemigoqo efanayo yezimali. Isimiso se-UK manje sibeka zonke izicelo zokuhlangana komkhaya ngaphansi kwemithetho efanayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isilinganiso sekhono noma iholo lomxhasi, ngaphandle kokuba zifanelekele i-Globalth Talent visav noma eminye izindlela ezikhethekile.

Imiphumela Ebanzi Ezenhlalo Nezombangazwe

Ukuqiniswa kwezimiso zomkhaya zokuhlanganisa kabusha kuye kwabangela impikiswano enkulu phakathi kwamaqembu amalungelo abantu, izazi ezifudukayo, kanye nezazi zezombangazwe. Abagxeki baphikisa ngokuthi imithetho emisha iphula iSiphakamiso 8 se European Convention on Human Rights, eqinisekisa ukuhlonipha ukuphila kwangasese nokomkhaya, nokuthi ithinta ngokungenakulinganiswa abesifazane, izingane, nemikhaya ephansi. Izinhlangano ezinjenge Liberty[ ziye zaqokomisa izimo lapho abangane bomkhaya abahlala isikhathi eside bephoqelelwe ukuba baphile ngaphandle ngenxa yokuthi iholo lalabaxhasi liwe ngaphansi nje komnyango.

Abasekeli besimiso esisha baphikisa ngokuthi kubalulekile ukulondoloza ukuthembela komphakathi ekulawuleni ukufuduka nokuqinisekisa ukuthi abafuduki abawuthwesi umthwalo ezinkonzweni zomphakathi. Inkulumo kahulumeni engu-2021 yokuthutha ngokomthetho yaveza ukuthi umnyango wezimali “uvikela isikhwama semali somphakathi” futhi“uqinisekisa ukuthi abafuduki bomkhaya bakwazi ukuzisekela.” Nokho, [FLT:] 2023 bafingqa i-Explore e-FOcration wathola ukuthi umnyango awusinciphisanga ngokuphawulekayo inani lemali enikezwayo yomkhaya.

IHhovisi Lasekhaya libuye lasungula “ukuhlolwa komkhaya” njengengxenye yenqubo yalo yokwenza isimiso. Lokhu kuhlola kudinga iminyango kahulumeni ukuba icabangele ithonya lezimiso ezihlongozwayo ezinzile ezingeni lomkhaya nasebuhlotsheni. Ngokwesimiso, lokhu kufanele kuqinisekise ukuthi noma yikuphi ukubusa okusha kokufuduka okuthinta ukuhlanganiswa komkhaya kuhambisana nokuhlola ithonya lako elingase libe nobunye bomkhaya. Uma kunjalo, ukuhlolwa kuye kwagxekwa njengokuvivinya ibhokisi lamakhili okungabangela izinguquko ezimisweni.

Ukuqamba Amanga Nemfundo YasePhalamende

Imithetho emisha yokwakhelwa kabusha komkhaya iye yabekelwa inselele ngokuphindaphindiwe ezinkantolo ze-UK. Ngo-2021, iNkantolo Ephakeme yanquma R (ekusebenzeni kwe-A kanye nezinye) v UNobhala weSizwe we-Hulumeni [ ukuthi imfuneko yokuba amalungu angewona ama-EU afake ama-EU ahlole amaNgilandi angakwazi ukuthatha uvivinyo lwezentengiselwano emacaleni athile. Ihhovisi Lasekhaya lanikeza isiqondiso esishintshiwe, kodwa izimfuneko eziyisisekelo zihlala zingaguquguquki. Ngo-2023, Izindaba zasekhaya Khetha iKomiti yoMnyango yakhipha umbiko wemali ozohlolwayo futhi ongathi kakhulu ukuba kusulwe, ikakhulukazi lapho kunezingathwane nemisebenzi ephansi kakhulu. Imithetho yokulungisa igweba nayiphi indlela yokuzi.

Imiphumela Ewusizo: Izindaba Ezivela Emikhayeni

Imuva kwezingxoxo zezimiso kunezinganekwane ezingokoqobo zabantu. Umbiko ka-2022 we-Joint Council for the Welfare of Immigrants (JCWI) wabhala izenzakalo eziningi zemibhangqwana eyahlukaniswe nemithetho emisha. Isibonelo esivamile: owesifazane waseSpain owayehlala e-UK iminyaka emihlanu wahlangana futhi washada nendoda yaseMelika ngo-2021. Ngenxa yokuthi wayengahlali e-UK ekupheleni konyaka ka-202020, kwadingeka ukuba afake imvume yomkhaya wakhe. Ngomholo ka-$19, wavele wasusa umnyango, kodwa kwadingeka ukuba akhokhe imali engaphezu kuka-$19,000 emalini yeposi, kanye nenkongo yempilo ephambili. UPU. Umbhangqwana wachitha cishe unyaka wonke elindele isinqumo somsebenzi.

Izindaba ezifanayo ziningi emibhangqwaneni engeyona eye-EU: isakhamuzi saseBrithani esishade nomngane waseNigeria kumelwe sibonise imali egciniwe noma iholo elingu-$18 600; uma umngane kakade esenengane evela ebuhlotsheni obudlule, umnyango ukhuphuka ube ngu $22 400. imikhaya eminingi ibika ukuthi kumelwe ithengise impahla noma ithathe isikweleti ukuze ihlangabezane nemfuneko, futhi eminye iye yaphoqeleka ukuba ishiye iUK ukuze ithole ivisa evela kwamanye amazwe (inqubo engathatha izinyanga).

Isiphetho

I-Brexit ngokuyisisekelo ishintshe indlela ka-UK yokuhlanganisa umkhaya. Ushintsho kusuka esimisweni esabangela ukuhamba ngokukhululekile kwezakhamuzi ze-EU nemikhaya yazo kuya entweni ehlangene, esekelwe emakhonweni lususe isakhiwo esinezinsika ezimbili kodwa lwenze kanjalo ngokuqinisa imithetho yawo wonke umuntu. Izizwe ze-EU ezafika ngemva kwe-Bretit manje zibhekene nemali enzima, ulimi, kanye nezindlela zempilo ezisebenza emikhayeni engekho-EU. Labo abafika ngaphambili bagcina isivikelo esithile ngaphansi kwe-EU Besendment Argement, kodwa ngenxa yobuhlobo obukhona ngaphambi kuka-201.

Izinguquko ziye zathatha isikhathi eside zikhona izimpikiswano eziqinile ngokuphathelene nokulinganisela phakathi kokulawula ukufuduka nelungelo lokuphila komkhaya. Njengoba uhulumeni we-UK uvikela imithetho edingekile ukuze kuqondiswe ukufuduka nokuvikela izinkonzo zomphakathi, abagxeki baphikisa ngokuthi babangela ubunzima obungadingekile futhi bangaphula izibopho zamalungelo abantu. Umnyango wezimali ulokhu uyinto ephikiswa kakhulu, futhi amakomiti amaningana asepalamente aye abiza ukubukezwa kwawo. Njengoba i-UK eqhubeka esebenzisa ubukhosi bayo beposi-Brincot, ikusasa lesimiso somkhaya sokuthuthukisa iyakuxhomeke ekukhetheleni okungokombangasikhokhwa kwezombangazwe: ukuthi ukulondoloza ukusondela okuqinile noma ukuveza imithetho eqinile ehambisana nozwelayo eqaphele inani lobunye bomkhaya emhlabeni wonke owenziwayo.