Indima yezimali zomkhankaso okhethweni iye yaba indaba ebaluleke kakhulu enkulumweni yanamuhla yezombangazwe. Njengoba okhetho lukhula futhi lubiza kakhulu, ukuqonda ithonya lemali ekuziphatheni kovoti kanye nemiphumela yokhetho kubalulekile kokubili kubafundisi nabafundi. Iminikelo yomkhankaso nokusebenzisa isimo abafuna ukuvota abangakwazi ukuphumelela kuphela kodwa nendlela abakwazi ngayo ukuqaphela, impikiswano elawula izingxoxo zomphakathi, futhi ekugcineni enqobayo. Lokhu kuhlola okunwetshwe kakhulu kujula kakhulu komakhenikha, imiphumela, kanye nezimpikiswano ezihlobene nezezimali, kunikeza ukubheka okubanzi esimisweni esithinta wonke uhulumeni wentando yeningi.

Ukusungulwa Kwemali Yomkhankaso

Izimali zezenkampano ziye zavela ngokuphawulekayo kulelikhulu leminyaka elidlule. Ekuqaleni, imali yamanani emali yayilinganiselwe, abaningi bethembele eminikelweni emincane evela kubantu abahlala eqenjini, ezinhlanganweni zendawo, kanye nengcebo yabo siqu. Ukushintshwa kwaqala ngokunwetshwa kwemithombo yezindaba yeningi (/radio, khona ithelevishini), okwandisa kakhulu izindleko zokufinyelela abavoti. Ngo-1960, ukukhangisa okunconyelwe ngamathekiswe kusuke kwaba yizindleko ezivamile, okushukumisela abazokufuna iminikelo emikhulu. Inkathi yokuqala ye-Watergate yaletha iziqondiso ezingathi sína ze-Federa Euragetive Act ka-1971 kanye ne-andments Act ka-197794, eyamisa imingcele yokuvota, izimfuneko zomthetho, nokusetshenziswa kwezehlawulwa kwezimali zokhetho lomongameli.

Icala leNkantolo ePhakeme ngo 1976 Bluckley v. Valeo yamisa isiqalo esibucayi ngokuhlela umkhankaso ngokusebenzisa inkulumo evikelekile, ukukhipha imingcele ebophelele yokusebenzisa izimali ngesikhathi kusekela amakhepuleti. Lokhu kwavula umnyango kubantu abacebile namaqembu ukuba basebenzise imali ngokungenamkhawulo, uma bengaxhumani nabazocelayo. Indawo yaphinde yashintsha ngokuphawulekayo ngo-2010 [[FLT:] nge-United. FEZ[FLT][FLT] isinqumo, esivumela izinkampani, izinyunyana, nezinye izinhlangano ukuba zichithe imali elingana ngokungenamkhawulo kwezezombangazwe. Ukunyuka kwe-PCCC, nokusetshenziswa kwemali engekho ngokwemininingwane engaphezulu kwe-R104 [R1] [5] kunyukjoti yenani elingu-R4] kusuka kunyunyunyunyunyunyunyu yenani elingu-mali emboni yomthetho. Ngokulinganayo yonke, kuvela njalo cishe ingqikithi yezigidi ezingu-R10, uR4, uR10,4,

  • [[UMTL:0] ikhulu lama-20 lokuqala:[ amaCandida ancike eminikelweni emincane, ukusekela kweqembu, nengcebo yomuntu siqu.
  • Impi yomhlaba II:[ Ukukhangisa kwethelevishini kwabiza kakhulu; izinyunyana nebhizinisi i-PACs kwavela.
  • 1970:[ iziqondiso zeFederal zamisa imingcele yomnikelo, ukuxhasa umphakathi ngokwezimali, ne-FEC.
  • 2010:[ i-CIIIN isusa ukuvinjelwa kwezindleko ezizimele zenkampani.
  • 2020:[ Amaqoqo amnyama emali neminikelo efihlekile inezela izingqimba ezintsha zobunkimbinkimbi.

Ukuqonda lezi zinkathi ezivelele zomlando kuyasiza ekuchazeni ukuthi kungani lesi simiso samanje sibukeka ngendlela esibheka ngayo nokuthi kungani imizamo yokulungisa ibhekene nezithiyo eziwujuqu kangaka ezingokomthetho nezezombangazwe.

Imishini Yezimali Zomkhankaso

Ukuqonda indlela izimali ezisebenza ngayo kubaluleke kakhulu ekuhloleni imiphumela yazo.Imikhankaso iveza izimali ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, ngayinye ilawulwa imithetho nemithetho ehlukahlukene.

  • Iminikelo ezenzekelayo: Iminikelo eqondile evela ezakhamuzini ezizimele, engaphansi kwemingcele kahulumeni (R1,300 kukhetho kulowo okhethiwe, njengango 2023-2024 umjikelezo, olungiswe ngenxa yokwehla kwamandla emali). Abantu ngabanye banganikeza futhi amakomiti esizwe enhlangano ne-PACs, nemingcele ephezulu.
  • [ Izinhlangano ze-Palithical Action Committee (Izi-PAC): eziqoqa iminikelo evela kumalungu noma izisebenzi ukuze zisekele abazo. I-PAC yendaweni ilinganiselwe ekutheni zingamnika malini umbhalisa oyedwa (R35 000 kukhetho) futhi kumelwe athulule abanikeli bazo.
  • Ingxenye yeminikelo: Iminikelo evela kumakomiti esifundazwe namazwe asiza ekuhleleni imisebenzi ehlelelwe ukuqoqwa kwezimali, njengemizamo yokukhipha izimali nokukhangisa. Amakomiti eqembu angamukela iminikelo emikhulu futhi angazibeka emingceleni.
  • I-PUSER: Izindleko ezizimele-kuphela amakomiti angaphakamisa izimali ezingalinganiswa enkampanini, ezinyuselwayo, abantu, nezinye i-PAC. Kumelwe basebenze ngaphandle kwemikhankaso yomkhankaso futhi badalule abanikeleyo.] Izikhala ezingathi “imali engangeni" ingafihla umthombo wokuqala. I-Super PACS ibusa imijikelezo eyizigidi eziyinkulungwane eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-2020 nengu-20222, isebenzisa izigidi zezigidi.
  • [[NT.0] Izinhlangano ezingatholi nzuzo ezihlelwe ngaphansi kwamasigaba 501(c)(4) noma 501(c) (6) zemithetho yentela ehileleke emsebenzini wezombangazwe ngaphandle kokuveza obala abanikeli bazo. Lamaqembu asebenzisa izikhalazo zendabuko futhi aba yithonya elikhulu kukhetho lwamuva.

Ukugeleza kwemali ngokuvamile kuyize. Onikelayo angase anikele e-Super PAC, emukela imali evela emalini emnyama engazuzisi, ngokwayo eyayixhaswe imithombo engaxegiwe. Leliketanga lenza kube nzima ngabavoti ukulandelela ofaka izimali ngempela kumkhankaso. Féderal Evotion Commission iphoqelela imithetho yokufihla kodwa iye yagxekwa ngemikhankaso eqinile nenomthetho oqinile. Umphumela uyisimiso lapho izimali ezinkulu zemali zikhona ngenzuzo yethonya kuyilapho u-Roffidaffe evame ukungabi nalwazi olucacile ngenzuzo esemva kokusetshenziswa.

Ithonya Endleleni Yokudlala Imishini Yezandla

Izimali ezixhaswa abavoti azithinteli nje kuphela abazovota kodwa futhi zinethonya elikhulu ekuziphatheni kwabo. Imali echithwayo ingathonya umbono womphakathi, ithonya, futhi ithinte ngisho nendlela abantu abavota ngayo ngosuku lokhetho. Izinqubo eziyinhloko zihlanganisa:

  • Ukuveza i-media: Ukuchitha imali ephakeme ngokuvamile kuguqulela ekukhangiseni okwengeziwe /izindawo zethelevishini, izikhangiso ze-minutics, iposi eqondile. Izikhangiso ngebhokisi lempi elikhulu zingagcwalisa i-aimowaves, zichaze isithombe sazo futhi zihlasele abaphikisi. Ukuhlola kubonisa ukuthi ukuchitha imali eningi kungashintsha umbono ngamaphuzu amaningana emincinti yomncintiswano, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwabavoti abanolwazi kakhulu.
  • Isukmethi yoMnyango: Imikhankaso egcwele kahle ingakhokhela imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi: imikhankaso yomnyango ukuya endlini, amabhange ocingo, izinhlelo zokuthumela imiyalezo, kanye nezindwangu zokubhala ezikhokhelwayo. Lemizamo ithuthukisa ukuphuma, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwesisekelo somkhankasi. Ukucwaninga kubonisa ukuthi ukuxhumana komkhankaso kungakhuphuka ngamaqoqo angamaphesenti angu-3-8, kuye ngokwendlela.
  • Ukuthatheka kokuzimela: Umthelela ophakamisa imali eningi kwangoko ngokuvamile ubonwa njengongakholeki kakhulu futhi ongase anqobe. Le “mali njengesibonakaliso” idonsa iminikelo eyengeziwe, ukugunyaza, nokuhlobisa, ukudala umjikelezo wokuzibuyisela. Abazohlolela abazanywayo bangazama ukuthathwa ngokungathi bakhulu, ngisho noma benemibono eqinile noma benezimpande zotshani.
  • Agenda-Provice Eveziweyo: Abanikazi bangashukumisela abazothatha izinkonzo namaphathi ukuba bagxile ezindabeni ezithile. Ngokwesibonelo, izimboni ezinjengezezimali, ezokwelapha, namandla zenza iminikelo emikhulu kwabasekela imigomo yabo yezimiso. Lokhu kungaguqula ingxoxo yomphakathi ngezihloko ezithandwa izithakazelo ezicebile, okungaphazamisa izindaba zomphakathi.

Abavoteri bangase bangayiboni ngokuqondile imali egelezayo, kodwa bazwa imiphumela yayo emibhalweni abayibonayo, abathenjiswayo benza, kanye nezinto eziza kuqala ezivela emikhankasweni. Ukuhlola ngo- Brennan Center ye- Justice[ bathola ukuthi abanikeli abancane (banikeza amaR1,000 noma ngaphansi) banikela ngokukhula ngeminikelo emijahweni yabaholi, kodwa abanikela kakhulu banika inani elikhulu lemali yemibuthano, babanikeza ithonya elingaphandle.

Ukuhlola Icala: Ukhetho Lukamongameli Lwe - 2020

Umjikelezo wokhetho wama-2020 wabala ukuchithwa okugciniwe okuchithwa komsebenzi wobuPresente obungaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-4. UJoe Biden noDonald Trump bahlanganisa baphakamisa ngaphezu ko $2,5 000 000 000 000 (R1,50,000 000 000 000). Umkhankaso kaBiden wanci wancike kakhulu eminikelweni ye-inthambi ye-inthanethi encane ye-inthanethi ye-intanethi, kuyilapho umkhankaso kaTrump wawunesisekelo esiqinile esivela kubantu abakhulu abanikela nge-Provini neRepublican Great PâCs. Umqulu wezokukhangisa izikhangiso ezicishe zicindezelekile kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ezizweni ezisezingeni eliphakeme, eziminyene. Ucwaningo kuweyo Media Media Projective wabonisa ukuthi izindleko ze-TV ezisetshenziswa kumongameli besifunda zingaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-60. Lokhu kuveza ukuthemba okuphelele kwengqikithi futhi kwamanani amaqembu amaqembu amaqembu ahlukene, njengoba amaqembu asekela wonke.

Indima Yobuchwepheshe

Ubuchwepheshe buye baguqula isimo sezimali zomkhankaso. Iziteshi ze-Digital zivumela izindlela ezintsha zokuqoqa izimali kanye namasu okuvota ayengakholeki ngisho naseshumini leminyaka elidlule. Intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe eyisisekelo ihlanganisa:

  • I-Online Fundraiting: Amakhampasi angaphakamisa imali ngemikhankaso yezokuxhumana, imikhankaso ye-imeyili, kanye namapulatifomu aqoqayo anjengo-Act Blue noWin Red. La mapulatifomu ehlisa isithiyo ukuze angene, enza abanikeli abancane belanga banikele kalula. Ngo-2020, i-ct Blown ihlelwe ngeminikelo engaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-5 zezigidi ezingu-R35, amaningi angaphansi kuka-25. Lokhu kuncishiselwa kweminyango kuvumele abangaphandle ukuba bancintisane, nakuba futhi kufaka amazwi alabo abanesikhala isikhathi nokuthambekela ekunikeleni ngokuphindaphindiwe.
  • Imikhankaso yama-Datalytic:[ Isebenzisa amathuluzi okwaziswa ayinkimbinkimbi ukukhomba kanye nokuvota izingxenye. Amafayela, imininingwane yabathengi, kanye nokuziphatha kwe-website kuhlangene ukuba kuhloselwe inani elithile labantu ngokunxusela izikhangiso ezilungiselelwe ukuhlolwa. Ngokwesibonelo, umkhankaso ungathumela i-imeyili ekhethekile kumnini we-imeyili onikezele ngaphambili ezindaweni ezizungezile, ecela imali yokulwa noshintsho lwesimo sezulu. U-Micronetic inyusa amazinga okuguqula izakhiwo kodwa futhi inyusa izikhalo zezindaba zomuntu siqu.
  • I-Suctial Media Campaigns: I-Platforms njenge Facebook, Twitter (manje u-X), ne-TikTok azisetshenziselwa nje kuphela ukufinyelela izimpahla zamahhala kodwa futhi nezikhangiso ezikhokhelwayo zezombangazwe. I-social Evolution Commission ivumela imikhankasi ukuba ihlole imiyalezo ngokushesha, iphendule ngokushesha ezinsukwini zangempela, futhi yakhe imiphakathi yabasekeli. Nokho, ukuntuleka kokukhanya ezindaweni ezibhekene nezihloselwe ukuhlasela kwezombangazwe okuthiwawa nje kuphela, kodwa futhi kusetshenziswa kakhulu izikhangiso ezigwetshwayo ezithinta amagama abadlali. I-Federal Evotion Commis izame ukuthuthukisa imithetho yayo yenkathi yonyaka.
  • Ukuguquguquka nophawu olufanayo: Emijikelezweni yamuva, eminye imikhankaso yaqala ukwamukela iBitcoin kanye nezinye i-cypocurrenic. Nakuba iseyingxenyana encane yokukhokha yonke indawo, lomkhuba ungakhula njengoba abanikeleyo befuna ukufinyela noma ezinye izinto. I-bylchain ingenza ukuba ekugcineni ithuthukise ukubonakala kwemali engosini yezombangazwe, kodwa manje yenezela enye inhlanganisela yemikhakha.

Ubuchwepheshe buye benza ukuba kuvuleke “imibhobho” yeminikelo emincane esetshenziswayo nyanga zonke ukuze kutholakale izinhlelo zokunikeza ngemikhankaso yenzuzo eqinisekile. Le minikelo ephindaphindwayo, ngokuvamile emiswa phakathi nezenzakalo eziphakeme, ingasekela amaqembu amade anezigqizo kanye namaqembu asekelwe kumagazini. Kodwa amathuluzi afanayo asetshenziswa abadlali bangaphandle ukuzama ithonya elingafanele, njengoba kuboniswa ekuhloleni ukungenela kweRussia ngezikhangiso zezenhlalakahle ngo-2016.

Izinselele Nokugxeka

Naphezu kokubaluleka kwayo, izimali zomkhankaso zibhekene nezinselele eziningi nokugxekwa. Ixhala eliphikelelayo ligxile ekuboneni, ekulinganiseni, nasekutheni kungenzeka yini ukuba kukhohlakale. Izindaba eziyinhloko zihlanganisa:

  • Izihloko zobukhoma: Abavoti abaningi abaqapheli ukuthi obani imikhankaso yezimali, eholela ekungathembini. Amaqembu emali emnyama, angadingeki ukudalula abanikeleyo bawo, achitha imali elinganiselwa ku-R2,000, 000 000 000 kumjikelezo ka-2020. Ngokwe-Opensecrets. Lokhu kufihla isimiso sokuvuma ngolwazi futhi kuvumela isithakazelo esikhethekile ukuba sisebenzise ithonya ngaphandle kokulandisa komphakathi.
  • Impicabadala ye-Wealth: ivame ukuzuza ngokungafanele. Ngo-2022, isilinganiso esingaphezu kuka-90% sendlu encishisiwe efuna ukukhethwa sawina, ngokwengxenye ngenxa yokuthi bahluleka kakhulu ukubekela inselele. Umjaho wezigelekeqe ubiza amaR220 ayizigidi; izinhlanga ezincintisanayo zivame ukwedlula amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-100. Legebe elikhubaza abafuna ukukhonzwa yizi ezimbonini ezicebile kanye nezingangenisiyo.
  • Izingozi ze-corruption: Ithuba lokuhlelwa kwezimiso ezikhona liphakamisa ukukhathazeka ngezimiso ezingokwezimiso. Nakuba iNkantolo Ephakeme iye yabekela imingcele ukufumbathisa okuqondile, umugqa phakathi kweminikelo yomkhankaso nemali eyonakele ungafiphaza. Ngokwesibonelo, abanikeli abaqoqa izimali ezinkulu kulowo ozobelwayo bangathola ukufinyelela okukhethekile kubenzi bomthetho (imizuzu engu-2010), isikhathi, umfakela wezimiso. Ngisho nangaphandle kokufumbathisa okucacile, umbono wokukhetha inciphaza ukwethemba umphakathi.
  • Izembuyiselo ze-Pixel: Imisebenzi enikela kakhulu ibone imiphumela yemithetho ivumelana nezithakazelo zayo. Ukuhlola kwango-2017 kwePrinceton neNyakatho ntshonalanga kwathola ukuthi amaqembu ezomnotho ahleliwe namaqembu ezamabhizinisi anethonya elikhulu enkambisweni kahulumeni wase-U.S., kuyilapho izakhamuzi ngokwesilinganiso zingenalutho. Lokhu kuthola, ngokuvamile okubizwa ngokuthi “isifundo sokungalingani kwethonya lezombangazwe,” kugcizelela inselele yezentengo yezentethelekiso yezemali yezentando yeningi.

Abagxeki bakhomba futhi “emalini ethatha isikhathi sabazohlolwa. Ukusebenzisa amahora nsuku zonke okubiza abanikeli kushiya isikhathi esincane sokucabanga ngenqubo, ukuhlangana kwamalungu, noma ukubusa. Lokhu kungenza abezombangazwe bafune ukukhokha imali kunakuvota.

Imisebenzi Yamakhorali Engokomthetho Nezinguquko

Isimiso somthetho sezimali zomkhankaso siyinkimbinkimbi futhi siqhubeka sixazulula. Izinguquko ezihlukahlukene zihloselwe ukuxazulula izinselele ezibangelwa imali kwezombangazwe, kodwa zibhekene nezithiyo zomthetho-sisekelo, zezombangazwe, neziwusizo. Izici eziyinhloko zamanje zihlanganisa:

  • I-Federal Evotion Commission (FEC): Inhlangano eyasungulwa ngo-1975 ukuba yengamele imithetho yezezimali nezimiso eziphoqelelwe ngokuvamile igxekwa njengekhubazeka ngesondo elifile le-volution. Ngezenzo zokuphoqelela ezintathu kuphela eqenjini ngalinye, ngokuvamile zihlukanisa 3-3, izijeziso ezivimbelayo. Abashisekeli benguquko baye basikisela ukuhlelwa kabusha kwe-FEC, kodwa iziphakamiso ziye zamiswa eKhonselweni.
  • Imali yezezimali esungulwe ngo-1976], izakhiwo ezithile zinikeza izimali zomphakathi kwabazohlolwa abahlangabezana nezimiso ezithile, ngokuvamile ngokubonisa ukusekela okuncane kwe-Dollar futhi zivume ukuyisebenzisa. Isimiso sezimali somphakathi somongameli, esisungulwe ngo-1976, siye sashiywa kakhulu abazofundela ukuba bafunde kusukela ngo-2009 ngenxa yokuthi inikeza imali enganele. Nokho, amanye amazwe (umz., i-Maine, i-Arizona) namadolobha (umz., i-New York City) anezinhlelo ezincane ezihambisana nezimiso ezihlanganisa isilinganiso sezakhamuzi.
  • Isivumelwano esifunyaniswe soMthetho: UKhomishane ucabangela izikweletu eziningi zokulungisa eminyakeni yamuva. Umthetho we-DISCLOSE ungadinga i-PACC kanye namaqembu emali amnyama ukuze kwembulwe abanikeli bawo. I-Hulumeni Act (H.R. 1) ihlanganisa amalungiselelo ezimali zomphakathi, ukubhalisa okuzenzekelayo, nenguquko yezimiso zokuziphatha. Awuzange umiswe ngenxa yokuvota nge-drockbock. Ngezinga lombuso, inyathelo lokuthatha i-ocet ezindaweni ezinjengoMissouri ne-South Dakota liye ladlulisa izinyathelo zokulwa kweze imbubhiso, kodwa linciphe noma lincitshiswe ngemithetho yemithetho.
  • Icala leNkantolo ePhakeme: Noma iluphi ushintsho kumele lusebenzise indlela iNkantolo echaza ngayo iSichibiyelo Sokuqala. Icala elinjenge ne [FLT] [FLT]MCcheon v. FEC (Unyaka ka-2014] washaya imingcele eminikelweni yeminikelo egoqwesiwe nezindleko ezizimele, ukucaphuna inkulumo yamahhala. Izinguquko zesikhathi esizayo zingadinga ukufakwa kancane noma ukuthembela ezinhlolweni zomthetho-mthetho-siseko.

Indlela yokuguqula igcwele. Ukuhlola komphakathi kubonisa ngokungaguquki ukusekela okukhulu ekulinganiseni ukusetshenziswa komkhankaso nokubonakala kwanda, kodwa ukuthatha imithetho kusenzima. Ithonya lemali enqubweni yezombangazwe ngokwalo livimbela ngisho nezinguquko ezilinganiselwe, njengoba labo abazuza esimisweni samanje bengadinga ukukushintsha.

Ikusasa Lemali Yomkhankaso

Njengoba siqhubeka, ingxoxo ethinta izimali zomkhankaso iyokhula.

  • Ukuguqula okukhuliswe: Izinguquko zesikhathi esizayo zingagxila ezimisweni eziqinile ukuze kuthuthukise ukubonakala, njengokufuna bonke abathengi bezombangazwe ukuba bathulule abanikeli babo abaphezulu kungakhathaliseki ukuthi basebenza kanjani. Amazwe angazama ngezimiso zokuqinisekisa ``ivota] idlana elincane lemali yomphakathi ukuze anikele kumfundi wesinqumo sakhe (njengoba kuhlelo lwe-Seattlettle Democracy Voucher's program. I-SEC ingafuna futhi ukuba izinhlangano ezithengiselwa umphakathi ukuze zidambise ukusetshenziswa kwazo kwezombangazwe.
  • Grasroots Movements: Ukunyuka kwemali encane efakwayo emhlane, okuboniswa impumelelo kaBernie Sanders noElizabeth Warren, kubonisa ukuthi abazothatha izicelo bangancintisana ngaphandle kokuthembela kubantu abanikela kakhulu. Imibutho enjenge-American Propect ne-Plance-PAC isunduza ukuhlelwa komthetho-ukugumbuqela . [FFFLT:3]
  • Iziphakamiso zezentengiselwano: Ubuchwepheshe obusha buzoqhubeka bubumba ukuqoqa nokukhipha. Ukuhlakanipha kokwenza izimali kungahlanganisa izikhangiso ezigunyazayo ngokwesilinganiso, kodwa futhi kuvumela imikhankaso eyinkimbinkimbi yokususa ulwazi. I-blockchain-in" esekelwe ekuhleleni iminikelo yezombangazwe ngesikhathi sangempela, nakuba ukutholwa kungadinga ukucacisa. Amapulatifomu ezenhlalakahle angathatha ngokuzithandela izimiso zokukhanya eziqinile, njengoba u-Twitter wazenza ngo-2019 ngokuvitha zonke izikhangiso zezombangazwe.
  • Impi Yamajaji ne-Legislative: Inkambiso yeNkantolo Ephakeme ayivamile ukuphinde iphinde ihlole ICITIzens United[ ngokushesha, kodwa iSishaya-Mkhandlu singadlulisa imithetho elinganisela ithonya langaphandle, ivale igebe elimnyama, noma idale uhlelo oluncane olufanayo lwe-mfashini wokhetho lukahulumeni. Ikusasa lingasebone futhi ukubekwa kwemithetho yezentengiselwano yezeko yezentengiselwano kahulumeni, ezinye izinkantolo eziye zayisekela njengemvume ngaphansi kweSichibiyelo sokuqala uma zifeza isithakazelo esishukumisayo sokuvimbela ukonakala noma ukubonakala kwayo.

Ekugcineni, ukusekela kwezimali zomkhankaso kuxhomeke ekufuneni komphakathi inguquko nokuzimisela kwabenzi bomthetho ukwenza ngokumelene nezithakazelo zabo ezimfushane. Abafundisi nabafundi abafunda lesisihloko akufanele bacabangele abakhangisa kuphela kodwa futhi imibuzo evamile: Luhlobo luni lokhetho esilufunayo? Kufanele kuvunyelwe amandla ezomnotho ukuba aguqulele emandleni ezombangazwe? Izimpendulo zalemibuzo zizothinta idemokrati yekhulu lama-21.

Isiphetho

Ithonya lezezimali zomkhankaso kukhetho nethonya labavoti likhulu futhi linezici eziningi. Kusukela ekusebenziseni imali eshisiwe phakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule kuya ekutheni izinselele zesimanje zemali emnyama nemishini yezobuchwepheshe, indima yemali kwezombangazwe ithinta zonke izici zenqubo yokukhetha. Ukuqonda omakhenikha kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kungani abazakwabo abathile bewina, ukuthi kungani ezinye izimpikiswano zilawula izinhlelo, nokuthi kungani abavoti abaningi benomuzwa wokuthi amazwi abo ancishiswa yizisebenzi ezicebile. Njengoba abafundisi nabafundi behlanganyela kulesihloko, ukuhlaziywa kwezimiso endaweni kuyodingeka ekukhuthazeni izakhamuzi ezifundile ezingasekela ukuphumelela nokungalingani okungokomthetho. Ikusasa lomkhankaso wezezimali liyokwenziwa umphakathi ngezimiso, ezobuchwepheshe, kanye nencazelo yezombangazwe.