Ukuchaza Amaphasishi Angaxhunyiwe Embusweni Wanamuhla Wezombangazwe

I-Federal Evolution Campainse Act Committee engaxhunyiwe imelela iqembu elihlukene lezinhlangano zezombangazwe ezisebenza ngaphandle kobuhlobo obuqondile nenhlangano ebhaliswe yinhlangano, i-PUSC, noma inhlangano ethile esekelayo enjengenhlangano noma inhlangano yezisebenzi. Ngaphansi kwe-Federal Ecomputation Campaigment Act (FECA), lamakomiti ahlelwa ngokwenkululeko yawo kuphela. Ngokungafani nezimali ezihlukene (i-SSFS) ezihlangene nenhlangano yomzali, i-PAC engekho zinhlangano ezimiswa abantu ngabanye, amaqembu, noma izinhlangano zemibono ezifuna ukuthonya ukhetho lukahulumeni. Uhlelo lwemithetho engokomthetho oluvumela lezi zinhlangano ukuba zishintshe ngendlela ephawulekayo engamashumi amabili eminyaka adlule, i-sha ekwenza umkhankaso wokusebenzisa izinqubo ezingekho kwezimiso ezicaka ezingqondweni ezimbalwa ezibikezelwe abahloli.

I-Federal Ecommution Commission iqaphela izinhlobo eziningana ezihlukene ze-PACs. I-Cs engokwesiko engaxhunyiwe isebenza ngaphansi kwemingcele yomnikelo, imukela ama-dollar angu-5 000 ngonyaka evela kubantu abanikelayo futhi inikele ngokuqondile kumakomiti okuvota. Ngokuphawulekayo, i-Endependent Expenditure-Kuphela, eyaziwa njenge-Super PACs, yavela ilandela [[FL:0] SpeechNO.org v. FORC[FLTY] ngo-[FFLT:1] ngo-inikezi nemingcele engokomthetho ekhona ebhankisweni noma esetshenziswayo, uma isebenza ngaphandle kwemikhankambiso. [i-Pult CC], noma amakomiti e-Careybo, alondoloza kokubili ukulandisa okuzimela okuzimela iminikelo ehlawulwa ngokungenamingcele. Ukuqonda okuncitshiswa kwalokhu kusetshenziswa kwemikhankambiso yomkhankaso.

Inguquko Engokomthetho Ebangela Ukwanda Kwemali

Isimo sezezimali samanje asinakuqondwa ngaphandle kokuhlola izinqumo eziyinhloko ezingokomthetho ezasenzayo. INkantolo Ephakeme ka 1976 yakhipha isinqumo Bockley v. Valeo yamisa isimiso esiyisisekelo sokuthi ukusebenzisa imali ukuze kuthonye ukhetho kuhlanganisa inkulumo evikelekile yezombangazwe ngaphansi kweSichibiyelo Sokuqala. Lesi sinqumo saveza umehluko obucayi phakathi kweminikelo yomkhankaso, eyayingalinganiselwa ekuvimbeleni ukonakala noma ukubonakala kokonakala, nezindleko ezizimele, iNkanto eyathi iNkanto ezimisele ukuba kungangenisi kakhulu ekusebenziseni i-quid probox evoration futhi kanjalo ingakhutshwa ingabi yicala. Lokhu kwenza umehluko umehluko ongokomthetho weze ukwakhiwa kweminikelo yanamuhla yokuzisebenzela.

Umkhankaso Wokuguqula Inguquko Nemiphumela Yawo Engalindelekile

Congress yadlulisa iBipartisan Champaign Reform Act (BCRA) ngo-2002 inomgomo oshiwoyo wokususa iminikelo yemali ethambile ezinhlangano zezombangazwe. Umthetho wenqabela amakomiti eqembu ukuba aphakamise noma achithe imali ngaphandle kwemingcele yomnikelo kahulumeni futhi abeke imingcele yezimali zenkampani kanye nezinhlangano zezokuxhumana nokukhetha. Nokho, iBCRA yasungula izisusa ezinamandla zemali yezombangazwe ukuze iphumele ngaphandle kwesimiso sezombangazwe. Lapho iNkantolo Ephakeme isekela amalungiselelo amaningi eBCRA Mcnnell v. FFEC, amaziko ezombangazwe aqala ukuhlola ezinye izinqubo zezentengoso yeminikelo yokuqondisa ithonya elikhulu.

Izakhamuzi Ezinobunye Nenguquko Ephakeme Ye - PAC

Inkathi echithekile yafika i-Citizens United[FFLT:1] ngo-2010. INkantolo yanquma ukuthi uhulumeni akanakulinganisela izindleko zezezombangazwe ezizimele ngezinhlangano, kuhlanganise nezinhlangano zezemali ezingaphumeleli. Lesi sinqumo sahlukanisa amashumi eminyaka eskampeli yezezimali futhi savula umnyango wokuchitha imali engokombangazwe engokombangazweni. Sahlangana ne-DC. iNkakhululwe iNkantolo yesifunda ebusa ngokulandelana kwezentengo yezentengiselwano e [FOLT].[FOW.org.[FFFOLT:3], eyavumela abantu ukuba bathenge izimali ezingalinganiselwe zezentengo ezingokomthetho zezakhiwo ze-PCCC. Izinhlangano zezinhlangano ze-USC, izinhlangano zezinhlangano zemali ezisethiwe-US, izinhlangano ezingundayo yonke izinhlangano zemali ezisenyuka.

Ukusebenzisa ama - Tratodies: Ukuhlaziywa kwe-PAC engaxhunyiwe

Ukuhlola ukusetshenziswa kwemali okungadingekile kwembula isilinganiso esikhulu sokushintshwa kwezezimali zomkhankaso. Kunyaka ka-2008 wokhetho, amaqembu angaphandle athola imali engaba izigidi ezingu-R3 000 ezindlekweni zezombangazwe. Ngomjikelezo ka-2012, ukhetho lokuqala lukamongameli olulandela iCitaisens United, ngaphandle kokuchitha imali engaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-R3, ne-PAC ezingezona ezixhumeneyo manani amaningi kakhulu alokhu kwanda. Lo mjikelezo we-mali uye waqhubeka ngokuya phezulu kancane kancane, ngomjikelezo obona imali engaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-20 [20] eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-20 [R1] ezikhankalweni ezizimele ezibikwe ku-FEC.

Ukwakheka kwalokhu kusetshenziswa kubonisa ukuvumelana okungokwezimo kwezinhlangano zezombangazwe. I-PAC engaxhunyiwe iye yagxila kakhulu emijahweni encintisana kakhulu eMzini naseSihlalweni lapho izindleko ezizimele zingaba nemiphumela ecacile. Ukucwaninga kwabadayisi bemikhankaso yezezimali kuveza ukuthi ukuchitha izikhangiso zezezentengiselwano zezentengiselwano ngamaqembu angaphandle kuye kwakhula kusukela cishe kumaphesenti angu-15 engqikithi yemali yezombangazwe eyachithwa ngo-2010 kuya ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angu-35 emijikelezweni yamuva yokukhetha. Izindleko zezemishini ziye zathola ukukhula okuphawulekayo kakhulu, ngezindlela ezingaxhunyiwe eziphambili zokuthatha izinhlelo ezincane eziphambili zokusekela izinhlelo ze-PAC eziphambili zokuxhumana ezingoko ukuthi amakomiti abaqondisi beze zezokuxhumana kuye kwathatha kancane ngenxa yemithetho yokuhlela ukuhlelwa kwemithetho.

Ukugxilisa Imithombo Yengcebo Emijahweni Yokuncintisana

Ukuhlolwa kwemitapo yezindleko ezizimele kubonisa indlela ecacile yokunikeza inzuzo. Inani elincane kakhulu lemijaho encintisana kakhulu liveza ingxenye enkulu yemali esetshenziselwe ngaphandle. Phakathi nokhetho lwaphakathi nonyaka ka-2022, izinhlanga ezingamashumi amabili eziphezulu zeSigele zakhangwa yizindleko ezizimele ezingaphezu kwamaphesenti angu-60, nama-PAC angahlangene ngokuvamile asekela imikhankaso ngokwayo. Lomphumela ogxile kakhulu uveza ithonya elikhulu lokukhetha amandla, njengabancintisana emijahweni encintiswaneni ezuzayo ekusebenziseni imali eningi kuyilapho leyo mihlala - zindawo eziphephile ithola ukusekelwa okuncane okuzimele.

Ukuhlaziya Okuqhathanisayo Kwemali Exhunyiwe Nokusetshenziswa Kwayo Okungaxhunyiwe

Ama-PAC ahlobene nezinhlangano, izinyunyana zezisebenzi, kanye nama-accom ahlangene, aye abona ithonya lawo elilinganiselwe lincipha ngisho nanjengoba ukusetshenziswa kwawo ngokuphelele kuye kwakhula. Nakuba ahlangene nama-PAC anikela cishe izigidi ezingu-R22 kuhulumeni emjikelezweni wama-2022, ama-PAC angenazo i-PC asetshenziswa ngaphezu koR2,2 000 000 000 000 (R1,5 000 000 000) emalini yokuzicelela ngokwayo. Lo shintsho lumelela ukuhlelwa kwezimali ezimali ezimele zezemikhankambiso, lusuka ezithazweni ezimisiwe zezinhlangano zezeminyango nezinhlangano ezicebile. Izingakhokhwama kwemithetho engekho ezixhunyiweyo ibhekana nezingasho ezithiwe ezifuna ubumsulwa obungakazekile ezisebenzela abantu abafuna ukulingana nezinhlangano ezingongongongokwayo.

I - paccor Page Engaxhunyiwe

I-PAC iphuma engxenyeni egcwele ye-FEC yokwaziswa okuchaziwe ngokuphawulekayo. Ukuhlola kokwaziswa okungagunyaziwe kubonisa njalo ukuthi ingxenye encane yama-akhawunti athekelisayo engxenyeni enkulu yeminikelo ePhakeme PC. Abanikelayo abangaphezulu abayikhulu abangaphandle kwamaqembu achithayo banikeza amaphesenti angaphezu kwangu-50 akho konke okuxhasayo kwezemali ezinqulwini zokhetho. Le ngxenye enikezayo iphakamisa imibuzo eyisisekelo ngemidwebo nethonya eMelika.

Izinhlangano ezisekela i-PAC ezingezona ezixhunyiwe ziye zaba yinkimbinkimbi futhi zahlelwa. I-nethiwekhi yeKoch, egxile kumaMelika ngenxa yempumelelo nezinhlangano ezihlobene nayo, iye yakha isisekelo sezombangazwe esihlala njalo esikwazi ukuphakamisa nokuthumela amakhulu ezigidi zamaRandi emijikelezweni eminingi yokukhetha. Ohlangothini oluqhubekayo, izinhlangano ezifana neDemocracy Alliance system international xhasa izinhlangano ezinjenge Priciose USA Act ne-Majority PC. Lemibutho enikelayo inikeza ukuncintiswa kwezindleko ezizimele, ngokuphumelelayo kwemikhankampanelo yeqembu esebenza ngaphandle kwesimiso se-parlivel.

AmaDollar Amancane Abenza Imali Nokuvela KwamaPascienti Akhethekile

Inguquko encane yemali encishisiwe ye-PCAII iye yathonya futhi izinhlangano ezingaxhunyiwe. Izinhlangano ezinjenge-Act Blue ne-Win Red ziye zasiza abazohlomela ukwakha izisekelo eziphambili ezimncane ezizinikeleyo, futhi ezinye i-PAC ezingezona ezixhumene zifakelwe ngokuphumelelayo kule mishini. Ukuphakama kwe-Candite compant PPACs, okuye kwanezela imicikilisho yokusekela noma yokumelana nohlobo oluthile, kuye kwanda emijikelezweni yamuva. Lezinhlangano ngokuvamile zaphakamisa imali eningi kuzo zombili iminikelo ecebile nezimpande zotshani, nakuba zihlala zenqatshelwe ngokomthetho ekuxhumaneni nabamelene. Ukuphakama kwe-PPAC okukodwa kwe-OPC kuye kwanezela ekusebenziseni imicimbini yokusebenzisa izinto, njengoba lezinhlangano zingasebenzisa ngokushesha emiqhuzwini lapho kuhlanganiswa khona izinkonzo eziseqenjini lapho kuhlukaniswa khona.

Ukumisa Imithetho Nokuvimbela

Umehluko ongokomthetho phakathi kwezindleko ezizimele nokusebenzisa imali ehlangene kwakha isisekelo somthetho-mthetho-sisekelo se-Super PACs namanye amakomiti angaxhunyiwe. Ngaphansi kwemithetho yamanje, ukuxhumanisa kwenzeka lapho iqembu elingaphandle nomkhankaso ozofuna ukumiswa kuxhumana ngendalo, ukukhiqizwa, noma ukuhanjiswa kwezokuxhumana. I-FEC iye yamisa izimiso eziqondile ezithi zizame ukuqeda umsebenzi wokuzimela ovunyelwe ekuxhumaneni okungalawuleki. Nokho, indawo yokusebenza ibangele lokho izingqapheli eziningi ezikuchaza njengegebelele elibalulekile phakathi kwezimfuneko ezingokomthetho nenqubo yezombangazwe.

"Amazwi ayisimangaliso" imfundiso, esuselwa ku- Buckley v. Valeo, isungulwe ukuthi isho kuphela ukuthi ukubhalisa ngezindlela eziqondile "ukuhlela," noma "ukukhipha" kungaqondiswa njengenkulumo yomkhankaso. Nakuba izinqumo zenkantolo ezilandelayo nemithetho ye-FEC ikwenyule lendinganiso, imithetho yokubambisana ihlala inzima kakhulu ukugcinwa. Abasekeli bemikhankanti bavame ukunyakaza phakathi kwemikhankanti ne-Patracs, bakha umnyango owengasi owenziwe ngokusemthethweni ngaphandle kokuhlela okuqondile. Umklamo wokwakha, ngisho nemithetho ehlukene phakathi kweRepublic kanye neDemocratic, baye baphumela ekubekeni kwezindawo ezifile. Izikhulu zezempi zikahulumeni eziphethe igebengu eziphethe igelethi ezisemthethweni ezihlelayo futhi zivumela ukuhlelwa ngokusemthethweni.

Ukuhlangana Kwezinombolo Nezinselele Eziyandayo

Ukushintshela ekusunguleni umkhankaso wemishini ye-apply kuye kwaveza izinkimbinkimbi ezintsha zokusebenza kwezimiso zomphakathi. Imikhankaso yamaqembu angaphandle manje ingahlanganyela izakhiwo ze-ministry, ama-topt asebenza ngemishini, futhi isebenzise izindlela zokulawula imishini ukuze kungavuli izilinganiso ezingokwesiko zokuxhumanisa. I-attorney adsosorings ezivela kubameli bezezimali zomkhankaso ziye zahlela izindlela ezivunyelweyo zokuhlanganyela ukwaziswa ngokumelene nemingcele yemithetho ekhona. I-FEC ikhiphe imiqondo ekhethekile yokuhlela imishini ekhethekile, kodwa ijubane elisheshayo lokushintsha kwezimiso zobuchwepheshe liphume njalo ezikhungweni zomthetho womkhankaso wokwenza izinhlangano.

Ukuncintisana Kwabantu Nokubusa Ngentando Yeningi

Ukubusa kwemali engaxhunyiwe kuye kwadala impikiswano enkulu ngemiphumela yokumelelwa kwentando yeningi. Abagxeki baphikisa ngokuthi izindleko ezizimele ezingenakulinganiswa zandisa izwi lezombangazwe lezisebenzi ezicebile nezithakazelo zezinhlangano zezentengiselwano ngokuncintiswa yizakhamuzi ezivamile. Abaxhasi baphikisa ngokuthi ukusetshenziswa kwemali ngokuzimele kundisa inkulumo yezombangazwe futhi kwenza imibono ehlukahlukene ikwazi ukuhlanganyela enkingeni yokukhetha. Ubufakazi obusekelwe ezindaweni ezihlukene buveza imiphumela eyinkimbinkimbi ehlukahlukahluka phakathi kwemimo evumelana nezindawo ezithandwayo.

Imiphumela Yokuziphatha Okungafanele Nemiphumela Yomthetho

Ukucwaninga ngobuhlobo phakathi kokusebenzisa imali ngaphandle nokuziphatha komthetho kuye kwaveza ukuvubukulwa okuhlukahlukene. Okunye ukuhlola kubonisa ukuthi amalungu oMkhandlu azuza kakhulu ekusekeleni okuKhulu kwe-PAC kubonisa ukusabela okukhulu ekukhetheni izinqumo ezithile ezikhethekile. Okunye ukuhlola kusikisela ukuthi ubuhlobo phakathi kokusebenzisa imali ngokuzimele nokuziphatha kokuvota abunakuqondi, busebenza ngokuyinhloko ngemiphumela yokukhetha okhethweni oluyinhloko. Ubufakazi obunamandla buhlanganisa i-PAC engaxhunyiwe, njengoba izinhlangano zemibono zivame ukusekela ababambelele ezikhundleni eziqinile eziqinile ezimeleni zombangophi ababo abafuna ukuyekethisa kunokuba bafune ukuhoxa.

Okhetho oluyinhloko luye lwathola imiphumela ephawulekayo kakhulu ekuhilelekeni kwe-PAC okungaxhunyiwe. Imikhankaso yezindleko zomuntu siqu yenze abangenisi bangaphandle bakwazi ukubekela inselele eqinile kubantu abahlala ngaphandle ngempumelelo. Ikhono le-Super PAC lokuphakamisa nokusebenzisa izimali ezingenamkhawulo liye lehlisa imingcele yokungena kwabazofuna ukuhlangana nezinhlangano ezicebile ezinikelayo noma ama-constautiation anamandla ashukumisayo. Lokhu kuveze igalelo lokushintshana kwemifelandawo futhi kuye kwandisa i-Propolateuntal protectionationsssssss kuzo zombili imibangwane.

Umphakathi Nomthetho Wentando Yeningi

Umbono wokuthi okhethweni luthonywe abanikeli abacebile unemiphumela yokugunyazwa kwentando yeningi. Ucwaningo lubonisa njalo ukuthi iningi lamaMelika likholelwa ukuthi isimiso somkhankaso wezimali sinikeza ithonya elikhulu kakhulu kubantu abanikela ngemiphumela yezombangazwe. Lo mbono uhlanganisa ukunciphiswa kwezinhlangano zikahulumeni nokuncishiswa kwezezombangazwe phakathi kokusetshenziswa komkhankaso nezimiso, nakuba impikiswano iphikisana, umbono womphakathi wenkohlakalo ubonakala unemiphumela ezimele ekubopheni idemokhrasi nezinhlangano.

Ukubona ngale kanye nomgodi kwi-PAC Ecosystem engaxhunyiwe

Umthetho wokuqondisa izinqubo zokubusa kwe-PACs ongazihlanganisi umelela umsebenzi odibeneyo wezimfuneko ezinezikhala eziphawulekayo. I-PACS kumele ibike abanikeli bayo kuyi-FEC, kodwa lokhu kuveza ngokuvamile kwenzeka emasontweni noma izinyanga ngemva kwezindleko ezihlobene. Okubaluleke kakhulu, izinhlangano zemali ezimnyama ezihlelwe ngaphansi kwengxenye engu 501(c)(4) yemithetho yentela zingahlanganyela emsebenzini wezombangazwe ngaphandle kokuzichaza izimemezelo zazo. Lezinhlangano zezenhlalakahle zivame ukunikela ngeMikhankampane ePhakathi noma ngezimali ezizimele, ziveza amagebe okuficayo okugcina imithombo yezentengo yezepolitiki.

Izinhlangano zezinguquko njenge Brennan Center for Justice ne-Campaign Legal Center ziye zafaka umbiko omkhulu wokusetshenziswa kwezinhlangano ezidlulayo nezinkampani zamagobolondo ukuze zifihle i-SCM. Izinkampani ezilinganiselayo (LLC) zinganikela eSuper PACs ngaphandle kokwembula abanikazi bazo abangaphansi, zinikeze amathuba engeziwe okusetshenziswa kwezombangazwe okungaziwa. Izimfuneko zokuvezwa kwezwe ziyahlukahluka kakhulu, ezinye izimo ezifuna ukuba umuntu abonakale ngokubanzi kuyilapho abanye bebeka izibophopho ezilinganiselwe. Lokhu kunciphiswano okunganteliyo kudala izisusa zeminikelo yokudlulisa iminikelo ezindaweni ezizimele ngemibandela ebuthakathaka.

Izinguquko Ezishintshayo Ezisikiselwayo

Imizamo yokunikeza umthetho yokulungisa izikhala inqanyuliwe kaningi eSishaya - mthetho. I-DISCLOSE Act, eyaqala ngezikhathi eziningi, ingadinga izinhlangano ezichitha imali engaphezu kuka-R9 000 emjikelezweni wokhetho ukuze zambule abanikeli abanikela ngemali engaphezu kukaR7 000. Imali iye yadlulisa iNdlu yendlu kaningana kodwa ihluleka ngokuqhubekayo ukuqhubekela phambili eSigqeni. Isenzo segatsha esiphethe i-Secureties ne-Exchange Commission siye saphindwa futhi, ngezicelo ezicela imithetho efuna ukuthengwa obala izinhlangano ezifuna ukuthungantengiselwa engongo yezombangazwe ukuze zabe ababambi bezindawo. Izindlela zezwelo ziye zaphumelela kakhulu, nge-California naseNew Yorkegamessation izimfuneko zokuveza izimfuneko zokunikezwa kwekomiti yezombangazwe.

Izimfuneko Zenguquko Neziyalezo Zesikhathi Esizayo

Umkhankaso wezezimali uyaqhubeka uthola ukusekela komthetho wezentengiselwano kanye nezinselele zezobuchwepheshe, nezinguquko eziguquguqukayo zezombangazwe. Izihlongozo zomthetho zifuna ukugumbuqela izikhungo ze-United ezisekela abenzi bemithetho yedemokrati nezinhlangano zenguquko kodwa zibhekene nezithiyo eziqinile. Ukuguqula uMthetho-mthethweni kudinga amadolobha amakhulu amabili-3 kuwo womagumbi eKhongolo ne-ractiation ngesithathu somasterns, umnyango ongakasondelwanga ekulungiseni izimali.

Izindlela Zokuqondisa Nezokuqondisa

Isenzo sokuqondisa nge-FEC ne-Internvotion Service sinikeza ezinye izindlela zenguquko. I-IRS ingacacisa izimiso ezilawula umsebenzi wezombangazwe ngo-501(c)(4), izinhlangano, zinganciphisa ukugeleza kwemali emnyama engaxelwanga ngesimiso sezombangazwe. I-FEC ingathatha izinqubo zobudleke ezinamandla kakhulu ezilawula imigaqo yokubambisana, ukuveza izibalo, nenqubo yokuphoqelela. Nokho, i-rectriplock ye-FEC ye-rective yenhlangano ngokomlando ibeke imingcele ebalulekile, futhi izinguquko ezinkulu zokubusa zidinga ukuvumelana okungavamile kokusebenza kwe-bipartis.

Ukulungisa Umfutho Kahulumeni Ne - Public Finansing

Izwe liye laba amagumbi okuhlola umkhankaso wezezimali. I-Maine ne-Connecticut baye basebenzisa izimiso zezimali zomphakathi ezinikeza abazozokufakelwa imali yomphakathi ngenxa yokwamukela isilinganiso sokusetshenziswa kwemali nokwenqaba iminikelo emikhulu yangasese. Uhlelo olufanayo lwaseNew York City lufaka iminikelo emincane ngokunikeza izimali zomphakathi ngesilinganiso esiphindwe kaningi. Lezi zinhlelo zibonisa ezinye izindlela zokuxhasa izimali ezinciphisa ukuthembela kwabanikeleyo nakuyi-PAC. Abanye abashisekeli benguquko basekela isimiso sezezimali somphakathi esiqokolelwe ngezinhlelo zikahulumeni, nakuba iziphakamiso ezinjalo zibhekene izithiyo ezinkulu zezombangazwe nezokuxhumana.

Ubuchwepheshe Nekusasa Lokusebenzisa Imali Kwezombangazwe

Ubuchwepheshe obuhlanganisayo buveza amathuba nezinselele zomthetho wezezimali. Iminikelo yezentengiselwano iphakamisa imibuzo mayelana nokwembulwa kwemithombo kanye nemithetho yemali yakwamanye amazwe. Amathuluzi obuchwepheshe okwakha ukukhangisa kwezombangazwe adinga ukuqondisa njengoba umngcele phakathi kwenkulumo ekhiqizwayo yezombangazwe nomkhankaso ohlangene ufinyela. Izimiso zeminikelo ye-clockchain zinganikeza ukuveza okucace kakhulu, okungokoqobo kweminikelo yezombangazwe, kodwa ukusebenzisa izimiso ezinjalo kungadinga izakhiwo eziqinile zokuqondisa. I-FEC icabangela izicelo zokuqondisa izicelo zokunikeza izikhangiso zezombangazwe, ukuphawula ukuthi ushintsho lwezesayensi luzoqhubeka nokuhlela umkhankaso wokusebenzisa izinqubo zomkhankaso.

Isiphetho: Ukubukeka Okushintshile

Ukunyuka komkhankaso we-PAC ngokuyisisekelo kuye kwaguqula inqubo yemali yaseMelika, kususa isikhungo sezezimali zezombangazwe kumakomiti eqembu nasemikhankasweni yokuzimela ezisebenza ngokuzinqumela okuncane. Izinqumo ezingokomthetho kuhlanganise i-Contizens United kanye [FLT] ne [FLT] SpechNOW].org[ yasungula isisekelo somthetho soshintsho, kuyilapho ukugxilisa ukunikela nokuzivumela kwezombangazwe kusekwe yimishini yezentengiselwano eqophelweni eliyingqophayo. Izinga zokubusa kwentando yeningi zihlala zikhona ngokushisa, ngobufakazi obusikisela imiphumela ezindaweni eziphakathi, ukuziphatha, nasekuthembeni umphakathi ezikhungweni.

Ukuqonda indima yama-PAC angaxhunyiwe kubalulekile ekuhloleni impilo ye-demokrasi yaseMelika futhi kucabangele izinguquko ezingase zivele. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ngesenzo somthetho-mthetho, ukuqondisa, noma ukulungisa umthetho, izinqumo zenqubo ezenziwe ngokusabela ekusebenziseni imali ngokuzimele ziyoveza umncintiswano ozokhethwa izizukulwane ezizayo. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka buzivumelanisa namasu ezombangazwe nendawo entsha engokomthetho ne-reculture, isimiso sezezimali siyohlala siyinkundla eyinhloko yokuphikisa imibuzo yezwi eliyisisekelo lezombangazwe, ukumelelwa, nencazelo yokulingana kwentando yeningi.